BÀI TẬP VẬN DUNG CƠ BẢN

Bài 1. Khoanh tròn phương án đúng để hoàn thành các câu sau.
1. If the weather is fine, we (goes/ will go) camping tomorrow.
2. My parents will give me a gift if I (will pass/ pass) the final exam.
3. If you are polite to others, they (will be/ are nice to you).
4. Unless James (studies/ will study) hard, he will fail the exam.
5. My parents won’t allow me to go out if I (don’t finish/ won’t finish) my homework.
6. If the cable TV (doesn’t/ won’t) work, we will rent a DVD.
7. If you don’t want to stay at home, you (go/ can go) with me to the supermarket.
8. If you (will be/ are) a good listener, you will gain many friends.
9. James won’t attend the meeting if he (won’t/doesn’t) want to.
10. You can’t have this job unless you (have/will have) long working experience.
11. What (you will do/ will you do) if it snows tomorrow?
12. You (will be/ are) able to understand it you practice every day.
13. We will eat out today if there (will be/ is) nothing left in the fridge.
14. If it (will be/ is) too cold outside, we will stay home.
15. If she (isn’t/ won’t) careful, she will make many mistakes.
Bài 2. Hoàn thành các câu sau sử dụng dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc.
1. The manager (be) ________________ very angry if I am late for work.
2. You will have to work very hard if you (take)______ this course.
3. I (go) ________ to see the doctor if I don’t feel well tomorrow.
4. They can’t hear you unless you (speak) ______ louder.
5. If Peter (forget) _____________ to write his essay, the teacher (give) ____________ him a low mark.
6. If they (win) ___________ this match, they will ne the champions.
7. We (have) _________ plenty of time if we (arrive) ______ there early.
8. The zookeeper (punish) ____________ you if you (feed) ___________ the animal.
9. What ________ (Jane/ say) if Jim (tell0 _______ her the truth.
10. The boys (shiver) _____________ with cold if they (swim) ________ in this lake.
11. The door (not lock) ____________- unless you (press) ____ the green button.
12. Jim won’t be late if he (take) _______________ the bus at 6 o’clock .
13. Mary isn’t home, but if you (want) _____ to leave her a message, I (give) ________ it to her.
14. If jack (clean) ________ the floor, I (do) __________ the washing.
15. the children (be) _____ happy if you (give) _______ them some sweets.

Bài 3.Nối cột A với cột B để tạo thành câu hoàn chỉnh.
A B
1. If people keep dumping rubbish into the lake, a. the groundwater will be poisoned.
2. If the farmers overuse pesticide, b. if our surrounding environment is polluted
3. Soil erosion won’t happen in an area, c. they will disappear in the future.
4. if we don’t converse the rainforests, d. unless we join hands to protect it.
5. Our health will be badly affected e. the aquatic life will be afflicted.
6. Our environment will be damaged f. floods will be more and more severe.
7. Is we don’t protect the frontier forests, g. if people use more public transportation.
8. The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere h. if people practice sustainable agricultural mad use.
will be reduced

1. ____ 2. __________ 3. _______ 4. ____________

5. ____ 6. __________ 7. _______ 8. ____________

Bài 4. Dựa vào từ cho sẵn, viết câu hoàn chỉnh.

1. If/people/ not/ stop/ dumping/ waste/ into/ rivers/,/pollution/ increase/.
_____________________________________________________________________________
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2. If/ polar/ ice caps/ melt/ ,/huge landmasses/ be/ under/ water.
_____________________________________________________________________________
3. If the air/ in/ city/ be/polluted/ ,it/can/ cause/ people’s/ respiratory/ problems.
_____________________________________________________________________________
4. If/smog/ be/ frequently/ formed/ in/ city/,/it/ cause/ difficulty/ in/ breathing/ headache/ even/ lung
cancer.
_____________________________________________________________________________
5. If/ carbon monoxide/ concentrate/ in/ great/ amounts/, /it/ be/ harmful/.
_____________________________________________________________________________
6. The climate/ change/ if/ more trees/ be/ cut/ down/ for/ hardwood/.
_____________________________________________________________________________
7. If/ we/ not/ control/ pollution/ soon/,/it/ be/ too/ late/.
_____________________________________________________________________________
8. If/we/ not/ protect/ frontier/,/we/ suffer/ many/ from/ natural/ disasters.
_____________________________________________________________________________
Bài 5. Viết lại câu với “” if/unless” sao cho nghĩa của câu không thay đổi.
1. I can’t finish this task you don’t give me a hand.
-> _____________________________________________________________________________
2. You will run out of money if you don’t stop wasting it.
-> _____________________________________________________________________________
3. Don’t call me unless it is an emergency.
-> _____________________________________________________________________________
4. James will not pass the test unless he studies harder.
-> _____________________________________________________________________________
5. If Jane finishes her work before 6 pm, she will dine out with her friends.
-> _____________________________________________________________________________
6. My brother won’t go travelling this summer if he doesn’t find a companion.
-> _____________________________________________________________________________
7. It is not easy to do these exercises unless you listen attentively to the teacher.
-> _____________________________________________________________________________
8. If Jim doesn’t submit his essay before Tuesday, he will be punished by the teacher.
-> _____________________________________________________________________________

Bài 6. Khoanh tròn vảo phương án đúng.

1. I (would buy/ bought) a new house if I had enough money.
2. If he (would try/ tried) his best, he might be successful.
3. If I (lived/ would live) in Japan, I could speak Japanese well.
4. If someone gave you a dress, which color (would you want/ you would want) it to be?
5. I would repaired the roof myself if I (would have/ had) a longer ladder.
6. You would be more comfortable now if you (didn’t/ wouldn’t) wear high heels.
7. I (wouldn’t/didn’t) buy things on the Internet if I were you.
8. If you (met/ would meet) your favorite author Mark Twain, what wouldn’t you ask him?
9. His parents would be very proud if he (wouldn’t be/ weren’t) so naughty.
10. If Jane had more money, she (would treat/ treated) herself to a decent meal.
11. If you were a billionaire, what (would you do/ did you do)/
12. If Kate owned a computer, she (would spend/ spent) most of her free time on it.
13. If I (would know/ knew) his address, I would give it to you.
14. She would look much better if her hair (didn’t look/ wouldn’t look) so unkempt.
15. If I were in your situation, I (would/ will) let the nature take its course.
Bài 7. Hoàn thành các câu sau, sử dụng dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc.
1. More tourists would come to our country if we (provide) ______________ better services.
2. If I studies abroad, _____________ (we/keep) in touch with each other?
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3. If someone (give) ______________ you a camera, what would you do with it?
4. If I (win) _________________ a big prize in a lottery, I (donate) _______________ apart of it and
(spend) _______________ the rest for myself.
5. What ___________ (you/do) if you found a wallet in the street?
6. I could watch foreign TV program without subtitles if I (know) _________ English.
7. He might be obese if he (not stop) __________________ taking in fat and sugar.
8. If he knew that it was dangerous, he (not do) _______________ it.
9. If you (see) ________________ someone drowning, ________________ (you/save) him?
10. She (be) __________________ happier if her parents (not get) ________________ divorced.
11. If you (sleep) _____________ under a mosquito net you (not be) _______________ bitten so often.
12. I (get) _________________ a job easily if I (have) ______________________ a degree.
13. If whe (have) _________ another hair style, she (look) ___________ younger.
14. if the weather (not be) _______________________ severe, out crops (grow) _______________
faster.
15. I (keep) _____________ a horse if I could afford it.
Bài 8. Viết câu điều kiện loại 2 cho các trường hợp sau.
0/ They don’t have enough money. They cannot buy a new car.
->If they had enough money, they could buy a new car.
1. There isn’t a library in my neighborhood. I cannot borrow books.
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. My health is not good. I don’t play extreme sports.
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. We cannot go for a picnic because it is pouring with rain.
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. I don’t have much free time. I cannot come to your party.
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. Jim doesn’t have any siblings. He feels lonely sometimes.
__________________________________________________________________________________
6. My father is very busy at work. He rarely has time for me.
__________________________________________________________________________________
7. This camera is expensive. I can’t buy it.
__________________________________________________________________________________
8. You don’t try your best. Your result will not be good.
__________________________________________________________________________________
BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP NÂNG CAO.
Bài 9. Hoàn thành các câu sau, cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc.
1. We (be) ____________ happy if air pollution were the only problem.
2. They would be disappointed if you (not go) _____________ to their party.
3. If we (use) _______ this kind of light bulb, we can save energy.
4. Peter should go to sleep early if he (not want) ____________ to be tired the next morning.
5. If you (take) _______________ more exercises, you would be more resistant to diseases.
6. You may have car accident unless you (drive) ________________ more carefully.
7. If I travel to London, I (visit) ____________ its museum.
8. If they offer me the job, I think I (accept) _________________ it.
9. Many people (be) ____________ out of work if the local factory closed down.
10. What (happen) _________________ if that red button was pressed?
11. I’d be absolutely astonished if Mary and James (get) _____________ married.
12. They won’t let you in unless you (show) _____________them your identity card.
13. My best friend gave me this book. She (be) ________________ very upset if I lost it.
14. Would you mind if I (turn) ________________ up the radio.
15. I’m sure she (forgive) ______________ you if you sincerely apologize to her.

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Bài 10. Đánh dấu trước câu đúng, đánh dấu x trước câu sai và viết lại cho đúng.
______ 1. Pollution can be reduced if we joined hands to prevent it.
_________________________________________________________________
______ 2. If farmers would make use of pesticide more wisely, the soil would not be poisoned.
_________________________________________________________________
______ 3. I won’t believe it unless you showed me the evidence.
_________________________________________________________________
_____ 4. Unless you don’t tell me the truth, I won’t help you.
_________________________________________________________________
_____ 5. If James is more outgoing, he would have more friends.
_________________________________________________________________
_____ 6. I think the show would be successful if he were one of the organizers.
_________________________________________________________________
______ 7. If you paid more attention to what I said, you didn’t make so many mistakes.
_________________________________________________________________
______ 8. If children are taught about environmental issues, they might change their attitudes towards
pollution.
_________________________________________________________________
______ 9. You would be punished if you park your car here.
_________________________________________________________________
_____ 10. If you could win the competition, we will have a celebration.
_________________________________________________________________
Bài 11. Hoàn thành các câu sau, chọn và cho dạng đúng của các độn từ cho sẵn.
happen Reduce Save suffer Cause
throw Take Be change See
1. If we use less vehicles, we _________ the amount of carbon dioxide into the air.
2. If you __________ the president, what you do to prevent air pollution.
3. If there were no fresh water left, what ____?
4. If people (not) ________________ rubbish in the street, it would look better.
5. if there wasn’t so much light in the cities at night, we __________ the starts more clearly.
6. If the water is contaminated, people ________ from many diseases.
7. If chemicals from factories are dumped into rivers and lakes, they ______ water pollution.
8. If people want to protect their planet, they should ________ their habit of using plastic bag for
convenience.
9. If we recycle paper, we ________ 1000 trees a day.
10. If people were more aware of the negative consequences of pollution, they might ______ actions to
prevent it.

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 TEST 1 UNIT 7
I. Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others.
1. A. paddy B. sand C. travel D. tribal
2. A. buffalo B. photo C. limestone D. botanical
3. A. jungle B. luggage C. sunbathe D. sugar
4. A. around B. various C. sound D. mountains
5. A. heritage B. giant C. garden D. village
II. Choose the words that have the different stress from the others.
1. A. definition B. electricity C. contaminate D. radiation
2. A. dramatic B. overhead C. century D. groundwater
3. A. thermal B. beneath C. rubbish D. earplug
4. A. affect B. billboard C. visual D. substance
5. A. aquatic B. behavior C. pollution D. permanent
III. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.
1. A. linguistic B. classical C. phonetic D. romantic
2. A. fantastic B. historic C. comic D. symbolic
3. A. oceanic B. specific C. ceramic D. aquatic
4. A. terrific B. Arabic C. statistic D. cosmetic
5. A. arithmetic B. geographic C. energetic D. economic
IV. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D.
1. If I the same problem you had as a child, I might not have succeed in life as well as you
have.
A. have B. would have C. had had D. should have
2. I you sooner had someone told me you were in the hospital.
A. would have visited B. visited C. had visited D. visit
3. more help, I would call my neighbor.
A. Needed B. Should I need C. I have needed D. I should need
4. then what I know yesterday, I would have saved myself a lot of time and trouble over
the years.
A. Had I known B. Did I know C. If I know D. If I would know
5. Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people the same language?
A. spoke B. speak C. had spoken D. will speak
6. If you can give me one good reason for your acting like this, this incident again.
A. I will never mention B. I never mention
C. will I never mention D. I don’t mention
7. If I had known you were asleep, I so much noise when I came in.
A. didn’t make B. wouldn’t have made
C. won’t make D. don’t make
8. Unless you all of my questions, I can’t do anything to help you.
A. answered B. answer C. would answer D. are answering
9. Had you told me that this was going to happen, I it.
A. would have never believed B. don’t believe
C. hadn’t believed D. can’t believe
10. If Jake to go on the trip, would you have gone?
A. doesn’t agree B. didn’t agree C. hadn’t agreed D. wouldn’t agree
11. Jane: “John went to the hospital alone”,
Katy: “If , I would have gone with him”.
A. had he told me B. he had told me
C. he has told me D. he would tell me
12. If you , I would have brought my friends over to your house yesterday to watch T.V, but
I didn’t want to bother you.
A. had studied B. studied C. hadn’t studied D. didn’t study
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13. Peter: “Did you need help with your Math last night?”
Mary: “If I had needed, I you".
A. would call B. called C. would have called D. will call
14. If someone into the store, smile and say, “May I help you?”
A. comes B. came C. come D. should come
15. “Here’s my phone number”.
“Thanks. I’ll give you a call if I some help tomorrow”
A. will need B. need C. would need D. needed
16. If I didn’t work for an accounting firm, I in a bank now.
A. work B. will work C. have worked D. would work
17. The death rate would decrease if hygienic conditions improved.
A. was B. is C. were D. had been
18. The education in Japan if the basic principles of education had not been taken into
consideration.
A. would go down B. would have gone down
C. went down D. had gone down
19. If there , the rice fields could have been more productive.
A. had been enough water B. were enough water
C. would be enough water D. are enough water
20. The patient will not recover unless he an operation.
A. had undergone B. would undergo
C. undergoes D. was undergoing
21. If she him, she would be very happy.
A. would meet B. will meet C. met D. should meet
22. If he a thorough knowledge of English, he could have applied for this post.
A. had had B. had C. has D. has had
23. If I had enough money, I abroad to improve my English.
A. will go B. would go C. went D. should have go to
24. The bench would collapse if they on it.
A. stood B. stand C. standing D. stands
25. If it convenient, let’s go out for a drink tonight.
A. be B. is C. was D. were
V.Complete the sentences with the correct verb form in the bracket.
1. If we meet at 9:30, we (have) plenty of time.
2. If you (find) a pen in the cellar, don’t mention it to anyone.
3. The zookeeper would have punished her with a fine if she (feed) the animals.
4. If you pass your examination, we (have) a celebration.
5. Lisa would find the milk if she (look) for it in the fridge.
6. What (happen) if I press this button?
7. The door will be unlocked if you (press) the green button.
8. I should have voted for her if I (have) a vote then.
9. If you go to Paris, where you (stay) ?
10. If you (swim) in this lake, you’ll shiver from cold.
11. Unless you (tell) the truth, I won’t help you.
12. You’ll get pneumonia if you (not change) your wet clothes.
13. If I had known that you couldn’t eat octopus, I (not buy) it.
14. If they (hang) that picture lower, people would be able to see it.
15. She (be) able to walk faster if she didn’t have such high-heel shoes.
16. I (bring) you some beer if I had known that you were thirsty.
17. If you had touched that electric cable, you (be) electrocuted.
18. If the story hadn’t been true, the newspaper (not print) it.
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 19. I (not buy) things on the installment system if I were you.
20. Dan (arrive) safe if he drove slowly.
VI. Correct the verbs form to complete the sentences.
1. If you (go) away, please write to me.
2. If he (eat) another cake, he will be sick.
3. I (not do) that if I (be) you.
4. If he (take) my advice, everything can go well.
5. He never does homework. If he (do) his homework, he (not worry)
about his exam.
6. What you (do) if she refuses your invitation?
7. If today (be) Sunday, we (go) to the beach.
8. Unless they (pass) their examinations, they would join the army.
9. You (be) ill if you drink that water.
10. If Tom (go) to bed earlier, he would not be so tired.
11. If it’s raining heavily, we (not go) for a donkey ride.
12. If he (try) hard, he’ll pass the examination.
13. I could understand the French teacher if she (speak) more slowly.
14. If I (finish) the work in time, I (go) to the football game.
15. If you (see) Mary today, please (ask) her to call me.
VII. Complete the sentences with the correct verb form in the bracket.
1. If someone offered to buy you one of those rings, which you (choose) ?
2. The flight may be cancelled if the fog (get) thick.
3. If the milkman (come) , tell him to leave two pints.
4. I (call) the office if I were you.
5. Someone (sit) on your glasses if you leave them there.
6. You would hear my explanation if you (not talk) so much.
7. What you (do) if you hear the burglar alarm?
8. If you (read) the instructions carefully, you wouldn’t have answered the wrong
question.
9. If Mel (ask) her teacher, he’d have answered her questions.
10. I would repair the roof myself if I (have) a long ladder.
11. Unless they turn that radio off, I (go) mad.
12. If you were made redundant, what you (do) ?
13. We’ll have a long way to walk if we (run) out of petrol here.
14. If you shake that bottle of port, it (not be) fit to drink.
15. If you spoke louder, your classmates (understand) you.
16. I’ll probably get lost unless he (come) with me.
17. You (not have) so many accidents if you drove more slowly.
18. If you (wear) a false beard, nobody would have recognized you.
19. If she (leave) the fish here, the cat will eat it
20. You (have) no trouble at school if you had done your homework.
VIII. Fill in each blank with the correct preposition.
1. Land pollution is responsible for damage done natural habitat of animals.
2. Americans throw twenty-eight and a half million tons of plastic in landfills every year.
3. Scientists have come up new ways of saving energy.
4. Thousands of people were exposed radiation when the nuclear plant exploded.
5. Waste water from many factories which is dumped water bodies directly causes water
pollution.
IX. Read the passage and complete the sentences. True (T) or false (F).
Air pollution is a serious problem in many cities. Motor vehicles, factories and other sources create
so much air pollution that it may hang in the air like dirty fog. Air pollution threatens the health of the
people who live in cities. City wastes cause water pollution when they are poured into the waterways.
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These wastes kill fish and make some areas unfit for swimming. In addition, many large cities have
difficulties in disposing of their garbage. The amount of garbage grows each year, but places to put it
are quickly filling up. Citizens, governments, industries, scientists, and business people must work
together in different ways to gradually reduce pollution. For example, most cities have introduced
recycling programmes.

 1. Motor vehicles and factories are among some sources of air pollution.
 2. Air pollution doesn’t endanger people’s health in some cities.
 3. Air pollution is the only problem of the environment mentioned in this passage.
 4. Garbage disposal is a problem in many large cities.
 5. Everyone must cooperate to reduce pollution.
 6. We can reduce pollution by recycling programmes only.
X. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following
passage.
Light pollution is not (1) serious as water or air pollution. (2) , it is the type of
pollution that (3) more in cities than in rural areas. In the past, we could sit out at night and
(4) at glittering stars in the sky and light from objects in the outer space. Nowadays, cities are
covered with lights from buildings, streets, advertising displays, many of which direct the lights up into
the sky and into many unwanted places. The real problem is that it is very (5) to apply
light to almost everything at night. Millions of tons of oil and coal (6) to produce
the power to light the sky. Eye strain, (7) of vision and stress are what people may get from light
pollution. (8) light at night can harm our eyes and also harm the hormones that help us to see
things properly.
1. A. as B. more C. much D. only
2. A. Moreover B. However C. Therefore D. Nevertheless
3. A. happen B. occur C. occurs D. is occurred
4. A. watch B. see C. spend D. gaze
5. A. waste B. wasteful C. wasting D. wastes
6. A. used B. using C. is used D. are used
7. A. lose B. lost C. loss D. losing
8. A. Very much B. Too much C. Too many D. So many
XI. Read the following passage and then answer the questions below it.
Air pollution is a cause of ill-health in human beings. In a lot of countries there are laws limiting the
amount of smoke which factories can produce. Although there isn’t enough information on the effects
of smoke in the atmosphere, doctors have proved that air pollution causes lung diseases.
The gases from the exhausts of cars have also increased air pollution in most cities. The lead in petrol
produces a poisonous gas which often collects in busy streets surrounded by high buildings. Children
who live in areas where there is a lot of lead in the atmosphere cannot think as quickly as other children
and they are clumsy when they use their hands.
There are other long-term effects of pollution. If the gases in the atmosphere continue to increase,
the earth’s climate may become warmer. A lot of the ice near the Poles may melt and may cause serious
floods.
1. What can make people sick?
__________________________________________________
2. Where does smoke come from?
__________________________________________________
3. Can air pollution cause lung diseases?
__________________________________________________
4. What else can cause air pollution in cities?
__________________________________________________
5. Why does the earth’s climate become warmer?
__________________________________________________
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XII. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question.
Saving the Environment: One Home at a Time
Pollution can be seen not only throughout the world, but also in our own homes. It comes from
household chemicals, the amount of water people use and the waste people produce and throw away.
What can be done to stop this pollution? Surprisingly, a person can help save the environment by doing
simple things.
First, we need to recycle, which allows products to be used over and over again. Recycling can also
reduce the number of trees cut down to produce paper products. It takes very little effort. It is not hard
to place plastic and glass bottles, aluminum cans and paper in a bin. Anyone can do it.
Second, we need to watch the amount of water used at home. It can be conserved by taking short
showers instead of baths, repairing leaky faucets, using the dishwasher or washing machine only when
fully loaded, or simply turning the faucet off while brushing your teeth.
Third, we need to reduce waste. We need to recycle whenever possible, but should also try to use
this waste effectively. For example, grass clippings and food scraps can be made into compost for plants.
The average person produces 4.3 pounds of waste every day, but we can reduce that amount by recycling
and reusing.
If we do our part in our own homes, we can help keep the planet from becoming more polluted.
1. Pollution is caused from the following sources except .
A. water in rivers B. water from households
C. wastes D. house chemicals
2. Recycling can help us .
A. never cut down trees B. produce more paper products
C. place garbage bins easily D. use products again and again
3. In order to save water, we can do all of the following things except .
A. fully use the washing machine
B. repair leaky faucets
C. take short showers instead of baths
D. turn the faucet off while brushing your teeth
4. Recycling helps to reduce waste because .
A. plants need to develop
B. waste can be recycled and reused
C. a person can do it in his home
D. an average man produces compost for plants
5. The word “It” in paragraph 2 refers to .
A. cutting down B. the number
C. recycling D. effort

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 TEST 2 UNIT 7
I. Write the words from the box in the correct part of the table, according to the stress pattern.

scenic economic terrific Arabic kinetic linguistic

sonic supersonic statistic cosmetic aerobic symbolic
fantastic systematic phonetic emphatic sympathetic automatic
historic comic heroic specific scientific mechanic
republic romantic microscopic magic fabric oceanic
arithmetic traffic elastic ceramic aquatic geographic
energetic botanical classical typical logical numerical
political tropical vertical practical critical mythical
Oo

Ooo

oOo

oOoo

ooOo

II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.
1. A.terrific B.Arabic C.statistic D.cosmetic
2. A.arithmetic B.geographic C.energetic D.economic
3. A.linguistic B.classical C.phonetic D.romantic
4. A.fantastic B.historic C.comic D.symbolic
5. A.oceanic B.specific C.ceramic D.aquatic
III. Complete the sentences, using the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. habitats have been destroyed in recent years. (nature)
2. A number of cleaning products contain chemicals. (harm)
3. Water samples collected at these villages were seriously with
bacteria. (contaminate)
4. People believe that the water has brought cancer to the local residents.
(pollution)
5. Light pollution make us to see the stars in the sky. (able)
6. Noise is considered as pollution. (environment)
IV. Complete the sentences, using the correct form ofthe words in brackets.
1. The soil becomes because of the use of so many pesticides and
fertilizers. (contaminate)
2. waste spills can contaminate groundwater.(industry)
3. In many developing countries, water pollution is usually a leading causeof .
(die)

11
 4. elements have been found in both ground and underground water
sources.(pollute)
5. Fish and many other animals are killed by in their habitat.(pollute)
6. Astronomers are concerned about light pollution because they have in viewing
activities in the sky and outer space. (difficult)
V. Combine each pair of sentences, using conditional sentences type 1.
1. A person looks at the sky at night. He is not able to see the Milky Way by naked eye.
____________________________________________________________________________
2. Noise pollution happen regularly. It causes stressor nuisance.
____________________________________________________________________________
3. Water pollution gets more serious in the future. It affects the development of economy the pollution
and society.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
4. Australia has invested in water in Viet Nam with good results. Haft of the population in the rural
areas has access to fresh water.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
5. You use compact light bulbs. You save a lot of energy.
___________________________________________________________________________
6. We have more space. We plant more trees.
____________________________________________________________________________
VI. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following
passage.
Light pollution is not (1) serious as water or air pollution. (2) , it is the type of
pollution that (3) more in cities than in rural area. In the past, we could sit out at night and
(4)_____at glittering stars in the sky and light from objects in the outer space. Nowadays, cities are
covered with lights from buildings,streets, advertising displays, many of which direct the lights up
into the sky and into many unwanted places. The real problem is that it is very (5) to apply
light to almost everything at night. Millions of tons of oil and coal (6) to produce the power to
light the sky. Eye strain, (7) of vision and stress are what people may get from light
pollution. (8) light at night can harm our eyes and also harm hormones that help us to see
things properly.
1. A. more B. as C. much D. only
2. A.Moreover B. However C. Therefore D. Nevertheless
3. A. happen B. occur C. occurs D. is occurred
4. A.watch B. see C. spend D. spend
5. A. waste B. wastes C. wasting D. wasteful
6. A. used B. using C. is used D. are used
7. A. lose B. lost C. loss D. losing
8. A. Very much B. Too much C.Too many D.So many
VII. Read the passage, and do the tasks that follow.
There are many causes that lead to water pollution. One man cause of this issue is waste water
coming from many factories and then being directly pulled out into water bodies, especially into rivers
or seas without any treatmentbecause this is the most convenient way of disposing waste water.
Industrial waste consists of some kind of chemical substance such as sulphur, which is harmful for
marine life. Lead is known as the main reason for cancer disease. Cancer has become a popular disease
in several communes which are called "cancer villages". Another cause is the awareness of citizens,
people always use water for many purposes and then they dump waste water or garbage directly into
rivers, canal, and ponds and son on. In 2004, because of bird flu outbreak in Vietnam, people threw
poultry to water body that made water highly polluted.

12
 Task 1: Match a word in column A with its definition in column B, writing the answer in each
blank.
Answer A B
1. convenient (adj) A. birds, like hens ducks, geese… that are kept for eggs and meat
2. marine (adj) B. knowledge
3. awareness (n) C. connected with the sea
4. outbreak (n) D. suitable or practical for a particular purpose
5. poultry (n) E. the sudden beginning of something unpleasant
Task 2: Read the passages again, and then decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F).
6. Waste water from many factories which is dumped into water bodies directly causes
water pollution.
7. Dumping waste directly into water is the most convenient way of disposing waste water.
8. Sulphur is believed the main reason for cancer.
9. Cancer villages occurred in 2004.
10. Due to lack of awareness, people poisoned water with dead poultry when there was bird
flu outbreak in 2004.
VIII. Read the passage, and do the tasks that follow.
Space Pollution
The launch of Sputnik I and Yuri Gagarin, the first human being in space, marked the beginning
of space exploration and the beginning of a new and unfamiliar type of pollution.
Satellites, solar panels, rocket bodies and fragment from space shuttles that are floating in space
and are no longerfunctional are considered space debris. This pollution of man-made objects in space
affects us here on Earth as well and will continue to affect us in future travel. In 1978, the Soviet
Union Kosmos 954, which contained a nuclear power source, reentered over Canada and left debris
over an area the size of Austria. In 1969, five Japanese sailors were injured by pieces of space debris
that hit their ship. The largest piece, weighing one thousand pounds, in Australia in 1979.
Many solutions are being considered by scientists and engineers. However, the challenge to
finding a solution lies within all of the nations which take part in the space exploration.
Task 1: Match a word in column A with its definition in column B, writing the answer in each
blank.
Answer A B
1. shuttle A.broken pieces of something larger
2. functional B. made by people
3. debris C. a vehicle in which people travel into space and back again
4. man-made D. a way of finding an answer to a problem
5. solution E. working; being used
Task 2: Read the passage again, and then answer the following questions.
6. What are some examples of space pollution?
_____________________________________________________________
7. What are the effects of space pollution?
_____________________________________________________________
8. What did Kosmos 954 cause to Canada?
_____________________________________________________________
9. Why were Japanese sailor injured in 1969?
_____________________________________________________________
10. Is it easy for all the nations taking part in the space exploration to find solutions?
_____________________________________________________________
IX. Choose the word or phrase among A B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following
passage.
Have a walk (1) a beach, listen to the sound of the sea waves, and suddenly you
see a lot of rubbish on the beach. Pollution takes away all the (2) of out beaches. I
13
 feel reallyvery annoyed (3) I see plastic lying on the sand, cigarette ends buried in the sand,
and soda cans floating in the sea.
There are a lot of things that we can do. (4) we see rubbish, we should do our part in the
protecting the land (5) picking it up and throwing it in dust bins. (6) , we can form some
kind of organization that helps (7) the beaches. If everyone does their part, the beach will be
a wonderful and beautiful place. We need to start now (8) the beaches are damaged
beyond repair.
1. A. at B.in C.on D.over
2. A. beauty B.beautiful C.beautifully D.being beautiful
3. A.before B.after C.When D.While
4. A.While B.If C.Unless D.Soon
5. A.by B.with C.of D.in
6. A.Nevertheless B.Therefore C.However D.Moreover
7. A.cleaning up B.clean up C.cleaning up D.clean off
8. A.before B.after C.until D.when
X. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question.
Saving the Environment: One Home at a Time
Pollution can be seen not only throughout the world, but also in our own homes. It comes from
household chemicals, the amount of water people use and the waste people produce and throw away.
What can be done to stop this pollution? Surprisingly, a person can help save the environment by
doing simple things.
First, we need to recycle, which allows products to be used over and over again. Recycling can
also reduce the number of trees cut down to produce paper products. It takes very little effort. It is
not hard to place plastic and glass bottles, aluminum cans and paper in a bin. Anyone can do it.
Second, we need to watch the amount of water used in the home. It can be conserved by taking
short showers instead of baths, repairing leaky faucets, using the dishwasher or washing machine only
when fully loaded, or simply turning the faucet off while brushing your teeth.
Third, we need to reduce waste. We need to recycle whenever possible, but should also try to use
this waste effectively. For example, grass clippings and food scraps can be made into compost for
plants. The average person produces 4.3 pounds of waste every day, but we can reduce that amount
by recycling and reusing.
If we do our part in our own homes, we can help keep the planet from becoming more polluted.
1. Pollution can be caused from the following sources except .
A. house chemicals B. water from households
C. wastes D. water in rivers
2. Recycling can help us .
A. never cut down trees B. use products again and again.
C. place garbage bins easily D. produce more paper products
3. In order to save water, we can do all of the following things except .
A. take short showers instead of baths
B. repair leaky faucets
C. fully use the washing machine
D. turn the faucet off while brushing your teeth
4. Recycling helps to reduce waste because .
A. plants need to develop B. a person can do it in his home
C. waste can be recycled and reused D. an average man produces compost for plants
5. The word "It" in paragraph 2 refers to .
A. recycling B. the number C. cutting down D. effort
XI. Write a paragraph about noise pollution (definition, causes, effects and solutions), using the
cues given.

14
1. Noise pollution/ any loud sounds/ either harmful or annoying/ humans and animals.
____________________________________________________________________________
2. Generally/ noise/ produced/ household appliances/ big trucks/ vehicles and motorbikes/ on the road/
planes and helicopters flying over cities/ loud speakers, etc.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
3. Noise solution/ cause/ stress/ illnesses/ hearing loss/ sleep loss/ lost productivity.
____________________________________________________________________________
4. Health effects/ noise/include/ anxiety/ stress/ headaches/ irritability/ nervousness.
____________________________________________________________________________
5. Noise-producing industries/ airports/ bus terminals/ should/ located/ far/ living places.
_________________________________________________________________________
6. The officials/ check/ misuse/ loudspeakers/ outdoor parties and discos/ as well as/ public
announcement systems.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
XII. Rewrite the sentences, using the words in brackets. You can make some changes.
1. There are asthma, allergies and other respiratory illnesses when air pollution happens.(leads to)
________________________________________________________________________
2. Aquatic life suffers or dies because there is thermal pollution.(because of)
____________________________________________________________________________

3. Water in the Cau River becomes brown and has terrible smell because the waste water is released
from the paper mill in Thai Nguyen City.(so)
____________________________________________________________________________
4. People use much herbicide to treat weeds, so waterin rivers, canals, lakes are extremely polluted and
has bad effects on people’ health. (because)
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

5. May fish in the river die due the increased temperature of water.(because)
___________________________________________________________________________
6. Because plastic bags take so long to decompose, nearly all of them still exist in the environment
today. (so)
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

XIII. Combine each pair of sentences, using the words/ phrases in brackets. You can make some
changes.
1. We are unable to see the stars in the sky.Light pollution occurs.(makes)
____________________________________________________________________________

2. Glass panels, windows, lawns and roofs make light pollution worse. They reflect artificial and
sun light. (because)
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
3. All sound are not noise. Noise is any sound that is unwanted and goes beyond its certain limit,
for example, above 80 decibels. (because)
____________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

15
 4. More and more noise is created by modern civilization. It has now become a major environmental
pollutant, especially in urban areas. (so)
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
5. Contamination in the air happens. There is acid rain which damages soil, vegetation and aquatic
life of the region. (causes)
____________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
6. Noise pollution is one of the major causes of stress and anxiety. People suffer from stress and
anxiety. (because of)
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

XIV. Based on the context, make conditional sentences type 2 from the clues.
1. My home hasn't installed a solar water heater. If/ my home/ install/ a solar water heater/ we/ save
a lot of energy.
_________________________________________________________________________
2. Not all households in Viet Nam turn off lights during the Earth Hour. If/ all households/ Viet
Nam/ turn offlights/ the Earth Hour/ we/ save enough electricity/ develop our rural areas.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
3. Some students in our school still throw litter on the school ground. If/ students/ our school/ not
throw litter/ the school ground/ our campus/ look/ greener fresher.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
4. People use aluminum cans instead of glass bottles. If/ people use/ glass bottles/ they/ use/ again
and again.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
5. Our school ground is large but we don't have a wind turbine. If/ we/ install/ a wind turbine/ our
school/ become/ more eco-friendly.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

6. People don’t use organic fertilizers. If/ people/ use/ organic fertilizers/ they/ prevent/ land
pollution.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
7. A large number of people ride their motorbikes to work. If/ people/ ride/ bikes/ they/ keep/ air/
less polluted.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
8. That factory doesn’t have a wastewater treatment system. If/ that factory/ have/ waste water
treatment system/ river/ not become/ so polluted.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

16
 TEST 3 UNIT 7
I. Find the words that has different stress pattern in each line.
1. A. dramatic B. rhythmic C. angelic D. romantic
2. A. affect B. algae C. billboard D. cholera
3. A. political B. electrical C. identical D. politic
4. A. aquatic B. radiation C. pollution D. logical
5. A. industry B. industrial C. poison D. poisonous\
II. Find the words that has different stress pattern in each line.
1. A. domestic B. possible C. physical D. musical
2. A. mineral B. national C. economic D. politic
3. A. photograph B. organism C. organic D. atmosphere
4. A. historical B. industry C. political D. humidity
5. A. popular B. romantic C. financial D. adverbial

III. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete these sentences.

1. Air pollution is severe in .
A. cities B. densely populated areas
C. industrialised areas D. all of these
2. Main sources of noise pollution are .
A. transportation equipment B. musical instruments
C. heavy machinery D. both A and C
3. One of the best solutions to get rid of non-biodegradable wastes is .
A. burning B. dumping C. recycling D. buying
4. Which of the following is not as a consequence of global warming?
A. increased agricultural productivity worldwide
B. rising sea level
C. worsening health effects
D. increased storm frequency and intensity
5. The water temperature in streams, rivers, oceans change is the effect of .
A. radioactive pollution B. thermal pollution
C. light pollution D. visual pollution
6. Which sentences are not the causes of water pollution?
A. Factories dump industrial waste into lakes and rivers.
B. Sewage from households.
C. People burn fossil fuels.
D. Farmers use pesticides to kill insects and herbicides to kill weeks.
7. When does thermal pollution take place?
A. Sun heats up the lakes and ponds.
B. Hot water from factories drains into rivers and ponds.
C. When hot oil drains into rivers and lakes.
D. None of these
8. Nuclear waste is the pollutant of .
A. air pollution B. water pollution C. radioactive pollution D. soil pollution
9. Which of the following is how to control air pollution?
A. Maintaining a healthy distance between the industrial and residential areas.
B. Minimum use of loudspeakers and amplifiers especially near silence zones.
C. Don't throw chemicals, oils, paints and medicines into the river.
D. planting trees
10. Thousands of deer and animals are killed on the road by vehicles in the evening because the glare
of cars blinds them is the effect of .
A. air pollution B. visual pollution C. thermal pollution D. light pollution

17
IV. Choose the correct answers.
1. Many species of wildlife are becoming extinct, the rainforests are being destroyed.
A.therefore B. since C.consequently D. so
2. Hemp can be used to make paper, it could reduce the need for logging.
A.consequently B.due to C. so D. since
3. logging provides jobs and profits, the government is reluctant to control it.
A. so B.Consequently C. Since D. Due to
4. Hemp was grown throughout history its versatility; it can be used to make many different things.
A. due to B. because C. since D. as a result
5. Hempis related to the marijuana plant; it is illegal in many countries.
A. so B. due to C. as a result D. because
6. The polluted chemical waste was dumped into the ocean; , the mass of fish died.
A. because B. as C. because of D. consequently
7. It was guessed that the fish died a powerful toxin in the sea water.
A. because of B. because C. since D. as a result
8. Many species in BC are threatened logging.
A. so B. because C. since D. due to
9. Smoking can heart disease.
A. lead to B. create C. causes D. due to
10. Radioactive pollution is increasing the increased use of radioactivity.
A. as B. since C. because of D. because

V. Complete the table with appropriate verbs, nouns and adjectives.

Verb Noun Adjective
1. Danger Dangerous
to edit 2. editing/ edited
to annoy 3. annoying/annoyed
to instruct Instruction 4.
5. Drama Dramatic
to interest Interest 6.
to choose 7. Choosing
to heat Heat 8.
9. Low Low

VI. Complete the sentences, using the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. Walking alone late at night can be (danger) .
2. The latest (edit) of this book contains many illustrative pictures.
3. Her younger sister can be (annoy) when she behaves haughtily.
4. You must read the (instruct) carefully before you use the new oven.
5. We were taken aback at the (drama) changes in our village; each home owns a
computer now.
6. It is always (interest) to watch the cubs at play.
7. My mother advised me to be careful in my (choose) of friends.
8. The (hot) makes everybody very drowsy during the lesson in class.
9. The couple came here at the special (invite) of the prime minister.
10. Please (low) the volume of your voice. I can even hear you from next door.

VII. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of conditional sentence type 1.
1. If people (pollute) the environment, a lot of animals (die) .
2. If water (consist) germs, people (get) ill.

18
 3. If the poles (melt) , huge landmasses (be) under water.
4. Many precious animals (disappear) , if people (cut down) trees.
5. If nuclear waste (throw) away, it (be) very dangerous.
6. If the emission of CO2 (continue) at high rate, the climate (destroy)
7. We (save) the trees If we (save) paper.
8. If schools (teach) about environmental problems, All students (know) how
to protect the environment.
9. If more people (travel) by bike or bus, we (not have) traffic jam.
10. If the government (fine) heavily to the factories, they (not dump)
sewage into the ocean.

VIII. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of conditional sentence type 2.
1. If I (be) the president, I (pass) harder regulations for using fertilizers in
agriculture.
2. If I (be) you, I (not eat) that genetically modified potatoes.
3. If big corporations (care) more about the environment and less about their own pockets, the
pollution from factories (not increase) so fast.
4. He (sort) his trash, if he (be) smart.
5. If the seas (pollute) , maybe the population of whales (recover) .
6. If I (not throw) this can of Coke into the bushes, I (not know)
that Coke is poison for wild animals.
7. If the factories (not dump) untreated waste into the ocean, fish (die)
massively.
8. What (do) you if you (be) President.
9. If the air (not be) dirty, the breathing problems (reduce) .
10. If I (own) a lonely island, I (build) a huge house by the beach.

IX. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.

1. If you (send) this letter now, she (receive) it tomorrow.
2. Kate (go) shopping if she (have) time in the afternoon.
3. She (spend) a year in the USA if it (be) easier to get a green card.
4. If her boyfriend (phone/ not) today, she (leave) him.
5. If you (go) by bike more often, you (be/ not) so flabby.
6. If he (have) more time, he (earn) karate.
7. He (not buy) so much clothes if he (not have) .
8. If I (play) the lottery yesterday, I (have) a chance to hit the jackpot.
9. If I (be) ) rich, my life (change) completely.
10. I (invite) ) all my friends if I (have) ) a house by the beach.

X. Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

1. If you come with me, I (do) the shopping with you.
2. Wilson (help) his mother in the garden if she shows him how to do.
3 . If it (rain) , I will stay at home.
4. Our teacher will be happy if we (learn) the poem by heart.
5. If they had enough money, they (buy) a new car.
6. We (pass) the exam if we studied harder.
7. If Pat (repair) his bike, he could go on a bicycle tour with us.
8. She would get 100 pounds if she (sell) this old shelf.
9. If I were you, I (invite) Jack to the party.
10. If the weather (be) fine, the children can walk to school.

19
 XI.
Pollution and its Negative Effects
Pollution is the degradation of natural environment by external substances introduced directly or
indirectly. Human health, ecosystem quality and aquatic and terrestrial biodiversity may be affected and
altered permanently by pollution.
Pollution occurs when ecosystems can not get rid of substances introduced into the environment.
The critical threshold of its ability to naturally eliminate substances is compromised and the balance of
the ecosystem is broken.
The sources of pollution are numerous. The identification of these different pollutants and their
effects on ecosystems is complex. They can come from natural disasters or the result of human activity,
such as oil spills, chemical spills nuclear accidents... These can have terrible consequences on people
and the planet where they live: destruction of the biodiversity, increased mortality of human and animal
species, destruction of natural habitat, damage caused to the quality of soil, water and air ..
Preventing pollution and protecting the environment necessitate application of the principles of
sustainable development. We have to consider satisfy the needs of today without compromising the
ability of future generations to meet their needs. This means that we should remedy existing pollution,
but also anticipate and prevent future pollution sources in order to protect the environment and public
health. Any environmental damage must be punishable by law, and polluters should pay compensation
for the damage caused to the environment.
1. Now match the words with their correct descriptions.
1. remedy A. The condition or process of degrading or being degraded
2. compromise B. On or relating to the earth
3. terrestrial C. The variety of plant and animal life in the world
4. biodiversity D. An agreement or settlement of a dispute that is reached by each side making
concessions.
5. degradation E. The state of being subject to death
6. mortality F. Eliminate a disease or condition with medical treatment.
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
2. Read the text again then answer the questions below.
1. What is the pollution?
______________________________________________________________________________
2. When does pollution occur?
______________________________________________________________________________
3. How is the sources of pollution?
______________________________________________________________________________
4. What can the pollutants of pollution be?
______________________________________________________________________________
5. List three effects of pollution.
______________________________________________________________________________
6. Should polluters pay compensation for the damage caused to the environment?
______________________________________________________________________________

XII. Read the text then choose the best answer.

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
In recent years the problem of environmental pollution has become a serious problem in big cities in
our country. So, what are reasons and possible measures for this problem?
Nowadays, we are living in a city with high population density, so domestic waste is the first reason.
Then many people's social consciousness is not high. In several areas, they throw rubbish on streets,
canals and rivers. It is easy for us to see rubbish of all kinds floating on the water. Moreover, uncultured
people even pee in the public place.

20
 Now, let's come to other reasons. Our city is overloaded with vehicles that expel a lot of smoke and
dust. This contributes to the heat of the air, and causes pollution.
Besides that, in several places, trees have been cut down to have room for buildings, hotels, or
supermarkets. This makes the atmosphere in our city mug and stuffy.
In addition, many plants and factories send out waste into canals or poisonous gas into the air.
Last but not least, the drainage system in our city is very old and downgrade, so it is always flooded
whenever it rains.
New words:
muggy (adi) nồm ẩm, oi bức
stuffy (adi) ngột ngạt
1. What is not the reasons of environmental pollution?
A. high population density B. smoke and dust from vehicles
C. domestic waste D. the new drainage system
2. What is the first reason of environmental pollution?
A. domestic waste B. smoke and dust from vehicles
C. population density D. rubbish on streets
3. What is the synonym of the word "consciousness"?
A. awareness B. unculture C. unconsciousness D. awakeness
4. Why vehicles cause air pollution?
A. Vehicles make the atmosphere in our city muggy and stuffy.
B. Because they expel a lot of smoke and dust.
C. Because they consume too much gasoline.
D. Because many people use motorbikes and cars nowadays.
5. How is the drain system in our city?
A. It’s very modern. B. It's downgrade.
C. It is new. D. It is very old and downgrade

XIII. Combine the sentences in each pair into a new sentence that shows a cause/ effect relationship.
Use cause and effect signal word or phrase given in brackets.
1. One effect of global warming is that sea levels are rising. The polar icecaps are melting. (because)
______________________________________________________________________________
2. The global population has increased. There are much better levels of nutrition. (because of)
______________________________________________________________________________
3. Nuclear explosions and detonations of nuclear weapons cause radioactive pollution. (lead to)
______________________________________________________________________________
4. In the last ten years, many BC valleys have been clearcut. 142 species of salmon have become
extinct. (so)
______________________________________________________________________________
5. The fish and other aquatic animals have died. The water is polluted. (due to)
______________________________________________________________________________

XIV. Write conditional sentences type I or II for these situation.

l. People eat dirty food. They can be cancer.
______________________________________________________________________________
2. A factory directly discharges a large volume of waste water into the Thi Vai River. The river is
polluted.
______________________________________________________________________________
3. Farmers use polluted water to water their plants. People eat these plants, they become sick with
diseases such as diarrhea, bacterial inflections even cancer.
______________________________________________________________________________

21
4. Thermal pollution takes place. The water temperature in streams, rivers, lakes and oceans will
increase or decrease suddenly.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
5. People live in radioactive pollution area. They can be skin cancer.
______________________________________________________________________________

XV. Complete the sentence by filling in a cause or an effect as required.

1. Melanie did not go to school yesterday because .
2. Due to , Jason was late for work again.
3. If , there won't be enough space in the car for each.
4. Mai works late every Friday so that .
5 Owing to , the tickets were all sold out.
6. Global warming leads to .
7. I woke up late this morning because .
8. A big ships spill oil in Pacific ocean which causes .

22