Page 1 of 3

TOEFL PREPARATION: STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION SECTION

(CODE: 2003-08)
SECTION A: SENTENCE COMPLETION
1 In 1796 investigations into the chemical nature of diamond concluded _____ a form of pure
carbon.
(A) that it
(B) is it
(C) that it is
(D) is that
2 The English colonization of Virginia was devised in 1606 by a group of merchants _____
the Virginia Company of London.
(A) who formed
(B) formed
(C) who they formed
(D) they formed
3 The hourglass, an instrument used _____, usually consists of two bulbs united by a narrow
neck.
(A) measures time
(B) time is measured
(C) for measuring time
(D) the time for measuring
4 A master is an electronic apparatus that _____ radio and light waves.
(A) generated and was amplified
(B) generating and amplifying
(C) generates and amplifies
(D) to generate and amplify
5 The human skin forms _____ against the action of physical, chemical, and bacterial agents
on the deeper tissues.
(A) how protective a barrier is
(B) a protective barrier
(C) a barrier protects
(D) and which a barrier protects
6 Medical research at the cellular level, _____ research on the immune system, has been
made possible through twentieth-century advances in techniques of genetic research.
(A) which
(B) whereas
(C) such as
(D) is also
7 Living organisms contain more water _____ substance.
(A) than do any other
(B) does than any other
(C) other than do they any
(D) than they do any other
8 The twentieth century has been a period of enormous growth in mathematical research and
in the number of mathematicians and fields _____ them.
(A) they require
(B) requiring
(C) require
(D) as required
9 Columbia University’s School of Public Health is _____ a handful of schools of public
health in the United States.
(A) one that
(B) the one
(C) one of
(D) one
10 The United States Department of the interior designated the Brooklyn bridge _____ in
1964.
(A) was a national historic landmark
(B) a national historic landmark
(C) which a national historic landmark
(D) a national historic landmark which
11 In jazz music, a riff is a simple melodic figure, _____ and repeated several times.
(A) usually one or two measures lasted
(B) lasted one measure or two usually
(C) is lasting one or two measures usually
(D) usually lasting one or two measures Page 2 of 3
12 At its center, the sun has a density of over a hundred times _____ and a temperature of 10
to 20 million degrees centigrade.
(A) that of water
(B) of water
(C) than that of water
(D) water
13 The United States Congress appropriates some four million dollars _____ the upkeep of
the White House grounds.
(A) year for a
(B) for a year
(C) a year for
(D) a for year
14 The sea horse uses _____ to cling to the seaweed and other plants.
(A) it has a tail
(B) a tail with which it
(C) its tail
(D) as its tail
15 In the years ahead, health professionals will be able to enhance or restore health far better
_____ at present.
(A) whereas
(B) they can
(C) than
(D) that are
SECTION B: ERROR RECOGNITION
16. The constitution of New Hampshire, a second oldest among those of the fifty states, was
adopted in 1784.
17. Elinor Wylie’s writings consist of eight books – four novels and four volumes of poem –
in which she displayed a knowledge of both history and literature.
18. In addition to their usefulness as scavengers, birds are of enormous value to humans
because of they eat insects and control the spread of weeds.
19. When precipitation occurs, some of it evaporates, some runs off the surface it strikes, and
some sinking into the ground.
20. The astronauts chosen for fly the first United States spacecraft were selected from
military test pilots.
21. Tarantulas inject a paralyzing venom into prey or with their large fangs.
22. Born in New York City in 1891, Preston Dickinson was one of the pioneers of modern
artistic in the United States.
23. The water of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans make up 70.8 percent to the Earth’s
surface.
24. The three main television networks in the United States account for more advertising
dollars than any others medium.
25. In 1913 when he was only 18 year old, Leo Sowerby’s violin concerto was performed by
the Chicago Symphony.
26. Fossil records support the assumption which microorganisms were the first forms of life.
27. The St. Louis Post-Dispatch was founded in 1878 and by 1881 had become the most
largest evening newspaper in the city.
28. In artifacts from as early as the Stone Age, mathematics and art can be seen to have fused
in the geometric patterns decorate pottery, weaving, and carpentry.
29. Despite their common heritage, background, and homogeneity, the original United States
consisted of 13 distinct political entities, each commanding considerable loyal from its
citizenry.
30. The choreographer George Balanchine created more than 150 works for the New York
City Ballet, that which he was a founder.
31. Some ways in which lizards different from snake are in having ear openings, moveable
eyelids, and less flexible jaws.
32. Much of the work of the anthropologist Margaret Mead was devoting to a study of
patterns of child rearing in various cultures.
33. The feathers of birds not only protect their skin from injury and conserve body heat, but
also function in flight, courtship, camouflage, and sensory perceptive.
34. Of the many mushroom species growing wild, the common field mushroom is the one
that is most frequently gather for human consumption.
35. Carl Roger’s client-centered therapy is now widely employed and is among the most
influential technique in modern United States clinical psychology.
36. Female horseflies transmit a few diseases, but their main significance as pests is in sting
of their bite.
37. Despite a lack of navigably waterways, Madison, Wisconsin, developed into a
manufacturing center as well as a major trade nucleus during the , 1800’s.
38. The food and water that people consume them come from the environment, provided
either by nature or through the work of farmers and other producers.
39. Communal dance, as a powerful symbol of mutual regard and cooperation group,
underlies
enduring traditions in folk dancing.
40. More than 800 major oil company have plants and offices in Tulsa, Oklahoma, the site of
the international petroleum exposition.