ILLUSTRATION 1: Initial measurement
Entity Z acquires an investment for P100,000. Transaction costs amount to P10,000.
Case 1: The investment is classified as Financial Asset Held for Trading.
Date Financial Assets Held for Trading 100,000
Other Financial Charges 10,000
Cash in Bank – Local Currency, Bangko
110,000
Sentral ng Pilipinas
Case 2: The investment is classified as Held-to-maturity Investments.
Date Investments in Treasury Bills – Local 110,000
Cash in Bank – Local Currency, Bangko
110,000
Sentral ng Pilipinas
Case 3: The investment is classified as Available-for-sale Financial Assets.
Date Investments in Stocks (or Bonds) 110,000
Cash in Bank – Local Currency, Bangko
110,000
Sentral ng Pilipinas
ILLUSTRATION 2: Subsequent measurement
Assume the investment in Illustration 1 is investment in stocks. The fair value at the end
of the period is P120,00.
Case 1: The investment is classified as Financial Asset Held for Trading.
Date Financial Assets Held for Trading 20,000
Gain from Changes in Fair Value of
Financial 20,000
Instruments
Case 2: The investment is classified as Available-for-sale Financial Assets.
Date Investments in Stocks 10,000
Unrealized Gain/(Loss) from Changes in
Fair 10,000
Value of Financial Assets
Interest income from debt instruments, other than those which are classified as
financial asset at fair value through surplus or deficit, is recognized using the
effective interest method.
If the investment is in the form of bonds and is classified as available-for-sale
financial assets, the unrealized gain (loss) would have been computed as the
difference between the fair value at year-end and the carrying amount adjusted
for the amortization of bond discount or premium.
Only debt securities can be classified as held-to-maturity investments. Held-to-
maturity investments are subsequently measured at amortized cost, and
therefore, changes in fair value are ignored.