Each passage or pair of passages below is followed by a number of questions.

After reading
each passage or pair, choose the best answer to each question based on what is stated or
implied in the passage or passages and in any accompanying graphics (such as a table or
graph).

glasses bent and smudged, Nawab tended the

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25 household machinery, the air conditioners, water

This passage is adapted from Daniyal Mueenuddin,
heaters, refrigerators, and water pumps, like an
“Nawabdin Electrician.” ©2009 by Daniyal Mueenuddin. engineer tending the boilers on a foundering steamer
in an Atlantic gale. By his superhuman efforts he
Another man might have thrown up his almost managed to maintain K. K. Harouni in the
hands—but not Nawabdin. His twelve daughters 30 same mechanical cocoon, cooled and bathed and
acted as a spur to his genius, and he looked with lighted and fed, that the landowner enjoyed in
Line satisfaction in the mirror each morning at the face of Lahore.
5 a warrior going out to do battle. Nawab of course Harouni of course became familiar with this
knew that he must proliferate his sources of ubiquitous man, who not only accompanied him on
revenue—the salary he received from K. K. Harouni 35 his tours of inspection, but morning and night could
for tending the tube wells would not even begin to be found standing on the master bed rewiring the
suffice. He set up a little one-room flour mill, run off light fixture or in the bathroom poking at the water
10 a condemned electric motor—condemned by him. heater. Finally, one evening at teatime, gauging the
He tried his hand at fish-farming in a little pond at psychological moment, Nawab asked if he might say
the edge of his master’s fields. He bought broken 40 a word. The landowner, who was cheerfully filing his
radios, fixed them, and resold them. He did not nails in front of a crackling rosewood fire, told him
demur even when asked to fix watches, though that to go ahead.
15 enterprise did spectacularly badly, and in fact earned “Sir, as you know, your lands stretch from here to
him more kicks than kudos, for no watch he took the Indus, and on these lands are fully seventeen tube
apart ever kept time again. 45 wells, and to tend these seventeen tube wells there is
K. K. Harouni rarely went to his farms, but lived but one man, me, your servant. In your service I have
mostly in Lahore. Whenever the old man visited, earned these gray hairs”—here he bowed his head to
20 Nawab would place himself night and day at the door show the gray—“and now I cannot fulfill my duties
leading from the servants’ sitting area into the walled as I should. Enough, sir, enough. I beg you, forgive
grove of ancient banyan trees where the old 50 me my weakness. Better a darkened house and proud
farmhouse stood. Grizzled, his peculiar aviator hunger within than disgrace in the light of day.
Release me, I ask you, I beg you.”
The old man, well accustomed to these sorts of
speeches, though not usually this florid, filed away at
55 his nails and waited for the breeze to stop.
“What’s the matter, Nawabdin?”

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 “Matter, sir? O what could be the matter in your 1

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service. I’ve eaten your salt for all my years. But sir,
on the bicycle now, with my old legs, and with the The main purpose of the first paragraph is to

I
60 many injuries I’ve received when heavy machinery A) characterize Nawab as a loving father.
fell on me—I cannot any longer bicycle about like a
bridegroom from farm to farm, as I could when I B) outline the schedule of a typical day in
first had the good fortune to enter your employment. Nawab’s life.
I beg you, sir, let me go.” C) describe Nawab’s various moneymaking
65 “And what’s the solution?” asked Harouni, seeing ventures.
that they had come to the crux. He didn’t particularly D) contrast Nawab’s and Harouni’s lifestyles.
care one way or the other, except that it touched on
his comfort—a matter of great interest to him.
“Well, sir, if I had a motorcycle, then I could 2
70 somehow limp along, at least until I train up some
younger man.” As used in line 16, “kicks” most nearly means
The crops that year had been good, Harouni felt A) thrills.
expansive in front of the fire, and so, much to the
disgust of the farm managers, Nawab received a B) complaints.
75 brand-new motorcycle, a Honda 70. He even C) jolts.
managed to extract an allowance for gasoline. D) interests.
The motorcycle increased his status, gave him
weight, so that people began calling him “Uncle,” and
asking his opinion on world affairs, about which he 3
80 knew absolutely nothing. He could now range
further, doing a much wider business. Best of all, The author uses the image of an engineer at sea
now he could spend every night with his wife, who (lines 23-28) most likely to
had begged to live not on the farm but near her
A) suggest that Nawab often dreams of having a
family in Firoza, where also they could educate at
more exciting profession.
85 least the two eldest daughters. A long straight road
ran from the canal headworks near Firoza all the way B) highlight the fact that Nawab’s primary job is to
to the Indus, through the heart of the K. K. Harouni tend to Harouni’s tube wells.
lands. Nawab would fly down this road on his new C) reinforce the idea that Nawab has had many
machine, with bags and cloths hanging from every different occupations in his life.
90 knob and brace, so that the bike, when he hit a bump,
D) emphasize how demanding Nawab’s work for
seemed to be flapping numerous small vestigial
Harouni is.
wings; and with his grinning face, as he rolled up to
whichever tube well needed servicing, with his ears
almost blown off, he shone with the speed of his
95 arrival.

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 4 6

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Which choice best supports the claim that Nawab Nawab uses the word “bridegroom” (line 62) mainly
performs his duties for Harouni well? to emphasize that he’s no longer
A) Lines 28-32 (“By his . . . Lahore”) A) in love.
B) Lines 40-42 (“The landowner . . . ahead”) B) naive.
C) Lines 46-49 (“In your . . . should”) C) busy.
D) Line 58 (“I’ve . . . years”) D) young.

5 7
In the context of the conversation between Nawab It can reasonably be inferred from the passage that
and Harouni, Nawab’s comments in lines 43-52 Harouni provides Nawab with a motorcycle mainly
(“Sir . . . beg you”) mainly serve to because
A) flatter Harouni by mentioning how vast his A) Harouni appreciates that Nawab has to work
lands are. hard to support his family.
B) boast to Harouni about how competent and B) Harouni sees benefit to himself from giving
reliable Nawab is. Nawab a motorcycle.
C) emphasize Nawab’s diligence and loyalty to C) Nawab’s speech is the most eloquent that
Harouni. Harouni has ever heard.
D) notify Harouni that Nawab intends to quit his D) Nawab threatens to quit if Harouni doesn’t agree
job tending the tube wells. to give him a motorcycle.

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 8 10

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Which choice provides the best evidence for the According to the passage, what does Nawab consider
answer to the previous question? to be the best result of getting the motorcycle?
A) Lines 65-66 (“And . . . crux”) A) People start calling him “Uncle.”
B) Lines 66-68 (“He didn’t . . . him”) B) He’s able to expand his business.
C) Lines 75-76 (“He even . . . gasoline”) C) He’s able to educate his daughters.
D) Lines 80-81 (“He could . . . business”) D) He can spend more time with his wife.

9
The passage states that the farm managers react to
Nawab receiving a motorcycle with
A) disgust.
B) happiness.
C) envy.
D) indifference.

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 Editors are increasingly casting a glance at the

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“most read” lists on their own and other websites
This passage is adapted from Stephen Coleman, Scott
45 to work out which stories matter to readers and
Anthony, and David E. Morrison, “Public Trust in the News.” viewers. And now the audience—which used to
©2009 by Stephen Coleman. know its place—is being asked to act as a kind of
journalistic ombudsman, ruling on our
The news is a form of public knowledge. credibility (broadcast journalist, 2008).
Unlike personal or private knowledge (such as the
health of one’s friends and family; the conduct of a 50 The result of democratising access to TV news
Line private hobby; a secret liaison), public knowledge could be political disengagement by the majority
5 increases in value as it is shared by more people. The and a dumbing down through a popularity
date of an election and the claims of rival candidates; contest of stories (online news editor, 2007).
the causes and consequences of an environmental Despite the rhetorical bluster of these statements,
disaster; a debate about how to frame a particular 55 they amount to more than straightforward
law; the latest reports from a war zone—these are all professional defensiveness. In their reference to an
10 examples of public knowledge that people are audience “which used to know its place” and
generally expected to know in order to be considered conflation between democratisation and “dumbing
informed citizens. Thus, in contrast to personal or down,” they are seeking to argue for a particular
private knowledge, which is generally left to 60 mode of public knowledge: one which is shaped by
individuals to pursue or ignore, public knowledge is experts, immune from populist pressures; and
15 promoted even to those who might not think it disseminated to attentive, but mainly passive
matters to them. In short, the circulation of public recipients. It is a view of citizenship that closes down
knowledge, including the news, is generally regarded opportunities for popular involvement in the making
as a public good which cannot be solely 65 of public knowledge by reinforcing the professional
demand-driven. claims of experts. The journalists quoted above are
20 The production, circulation, and reception right to feel uneasy, for there is, at almost every
of public knowledge is a complex process. It is institutional level in contemporary society,
generally accepted that public knowledge should scepticism towards the epistemological authority of
be authoritative, but there is not always 70 expert elites. There is a growing feeling, as expressed
common agreement about what the public needs to by several of our focus group participants, that the
25 know, who is best placed to relate and explain it, and news media should be “informative rather than
how authoritative reputations should be determined authoritative”; the job of journalists should be to
and evaluated. Historically, newspapers such as The “give the news as raw as it is, without putting their
Times and broadcasters such as the BBC were widely 75 slant on it”; and people should be given “sufficient
regarded as the trusted shapers of authoritative information” from which “we would be able to form
30 agendas and conventional wisdom. They embodied opinions of our own.”
the Oxford English Dictionary’s definition of At stake here are two distinct conceptions of
authority as the “power over, or title to influence, the authority. The journalists we have quoted are
opinions of others.” As part of the general process of 80 resistant to the democratisation of news:
the transformation of authority whereby there has the supremacy of the clickstream (according to
35 been a reluctance to uncritically accept traditional which editors raise or lower the profile of stories
sources of public knowledge, the demand has been according to the number of readers clicking on them
for all authority to make explicit the frames of value online); the parity of popular culture with “serious”
which determine their decisions. Centres of news 85 news; the demands of some audience members for
production, as our focus groups show, have not been raw news rather than constructed narratives.
40 exempt from this process. Not surprisingly perhaps
some news journalists feel uneasy about this
renegotiation of their authority:

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