ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITY, ISLAMABAD
(Department of secondary teacher education)
ASSIHNMENT NO.1
Roll no:
PROGAM: B.ed ½ years
Course: Philosophy in Education (8609)
Semester: autumn, 2020
Q.1 Evaluate the role of philosophy in educational policy and practice.
Philosophy:
Philosophy deals with the nature of human including mind, understanding,
thinking, and its wisdom. Through these features, one copes with challenges in life. Philosophy
strengthens a person’s thought to solve ordinary problem of life.
According to jonh dewey, philosophy stresses the fact of wisdom in life.
According to Windelband, philosophy deals with the critical science in universe,
which bases on deep thinking human.
Role of philosophy in educational policy and practice:
1. Philosophy Determines the Real Destination of education:
Philosophy plays a vital role in making education
policy. It accords guidance and supervision in achievement of education goals. It determines
objectives of education for sound output. Without philosophy, education may not acquire its
goals. Spencer has truly said that true education is practicable only by a true philosophy. It
means education objective never be achieved without philosophy of wisdom.
2. Education and philosophy closely related:
Philosophy and education have a close intimacy in
various grounds. These are not only changed life style of human, but also have made men most
important animal on earth. It associates with human thought, wisdom, research and discoveries
and boots knowhow in every field of life. Ross well said that Philosophy and education are like
the sides of the same coin, present different views of the same thing, and that one is implied by
the other.
3. Great Philosophers and education:
The great philosophers such as Plato, Socrates,
Locke, Comenius, Rousseau, Froebel and Dewey have contributed to education uplift
and human development. According to these philosophers, learning became in practice
due to philosophical ideas of thank tank. Philosophy not only has changed path of
learning, but paved the way human development as well. Besides, philosophy relies on
education a few reasons, which are follows:
(i) Education is the Dynamic Side of Philosophy:
No doubt, philosophy generates ideas, thoughts and
makes a man wise and flourishes its thinking capabilities. Education brings ideas and thoughts
in practice. Adams has rightly said that education is the dynamic side of philosophy. It means
(ii) Education is a Means to Achieve the Goal:
As philosophy determines goals in life, and
education is a process to achieve these objectives. Education enables one to face any challenge
and ascertains way to deal with it. Herbart has rightly said that education has no time to make
holiday till all the philosophical questions are once for all cleared up.
Q.2 Discuss the main tenets of Idealism and Realism. Also estimate their applicability in
current education system.
Idealism:
Idealism is philosophical school of thought. It stresses the facts of ideas, and
searching truth, beauty and justice. The word idealism has quoted by Ploto. According to ploto,
there are two world including true spirits and outer appearance that is experienced through
sight, touch, smell, taste, and sound, which is changing, imperfect, and disorderly. It is true to
say that education to body and soul all the beauty and perfection of which they are capable. It
means one needs to have ability of identifying truth and absolute mind of idealist.
Main tenets of Idealism in education:
In idealism, the main aim of education is to polish
individuals’ skill. It brings discovery, development and boosts people abilities. It also augments
individuals’ interest towards matter of mind, literature, history, philosophy and religion.
Besides, education not only improves individuals’ behaviors, but also makes them idealists.
When they become ideal, they may contribute their part for the progress and development of
society. So, idealism is the key factor in learning process, and achieving goals of education.
Realism in education:
Realism is another philosophical approach. It deals with reality and truth.
It is thought of Aristotle great philosopher of the time. In realism, education makes a man
realist. Through this school of thought, one thinks positive, and it abolishes negative thoughts.
Realism boosts one’s power of critical thinking, observation and makes one wise. In the
framework of realism, one would be able to know what is wright and what is wrong.
Additionally, in curriculum of education, a realist observes science and mathematics. While
teacher teaches students about subject matter and conduct various techniques for learning and
teaching.
Idealism and Realism applicability in current education system:
Both idealism and
realism are the key factors for education uplift and students’ prosperity in society. Idealism
teaches pupils about ideas of reality. Realism tells the fact of reality only and makes students
realists. Sadly, idealism and realism do not prevalent in current education system. Modern day,
education uses as materialistic purpose in society. It is not being utilized for education goals,
but being used to get some economic profits. These philosophies of education portray true face
of life and education. Regrettably, education sellers have failed to accord idealistic and realism
sort of learning in society.
Q.3 Describe the characteristics of curriculum development on the basis of Idealism.
Curriculum development:
Curriculum development is process of changing course of education
by higher education commission. Curriculum changes for improving framework in order to
harness course on right direction and boosts students’ learning power. It improves by analyzing,
designing and selecting formation for curricula.
Characteristics of curriculum developed on the basis of Idealism:
Acco
rding to philosophy of idealism, curriculum of education should be made such way that makes a
child an ideal and spiritual. For uplift of child, language, social science, mathematics and
literature are suggested in curriculum.
1. Idealistic curriculum is developed with ideas and eternal values:
According to
idealism philosophy, curriculum should be made for long term. It needs to care long
term values. Consequently, it helps child to learn a lot. Thus, a long term curriculum will
ease learning and teaching problems.
2. Humanistic subjects are emphasized:
Idealism philosophy emphasizes that
humanistic subjects should be taught to children. It includes child’s language, literature,
history, geography, mathematics and science. Thus, it enriches child’s ability and
knowledge.
3. Protection of moral values:
Ethics should be taught to pupils in school. So that children
obey their parents and elders. When students understand moral values and norms, they
will not violate social norms and morality of a society.
4. Ideas and thoughts:
The philosophy of idealism relies on ideas and thoughts. According
to this philosophy, curriculum should be formed according to students’ ideas in a
society. It would help pupils to generate ideas.
5. Art and poetry:
Last but not least, philosophy of idealism emphasizes that art and
poetry ought to be taught to students. It gives a polished to children’s mind. So, idealism
cares feelings and values, and it emphasizes students’ ideas and thoughts.
Q.4 Analyze teaching learning process on the basis of existentialism.
Existentialism:
Existentialism is a philosophical approach. It deals with the analyzing of
existence, and individuals need to find themselves. Such as individuals have self-choice; free
will and personal responsibility.
Teaching learning process on the basis of existentialism:
1. Role of teacher:
Teacher plays a vital role for future of children. According to philosophy
of existentialism, teacher should instruct child about his capabilities and potential. It helps child
to know reality of subjective knowledge. For instance, child will choose his life style and
responsibility.
2. Existential education:
The aim of existential education is to help child finding
his own thoughts, feeling and action. It assists student who and what he is, and what is role of
his in society? So, existentialism teaches pupil about his own abilities.
3. External standard:
In philosophy of existentialism, students should not be
graded on biases of number or position. This method never identifies potential of pupils. They
should be free in classroom to decides and tell their ideas.
4. Role of learner:
The students should choose freely their subject. Subject which
they have more self-interest. It not only boosts their learning capabilities, but also helps them
to generate more ideas and thoughts. So, learner should define their own meaning of life.
5. Method of teaching:
In existentialism, approach of teaching is biased on focusing
individuals’ choices, free will and personal responsibility. Let them learn freely, and use their
own efforts to know what is right and what is wrong.
Q.5 Explain the natural knowledge and revealed knowledge
Knowledge:
Knowledge is omnipotent. It is piece of information, fact and skills
that can be learn through learning education and experience.
Natural knowledge:
It is a sort of knowledge that a person acquires naturally.
This type of epistemic is god gifted. Knowledge enables man to sort out any problem in life.
People who have natural knowledge are multi-talented, and they are best personalities in the
world. Such as, mark Zekerberg has founded Facebook and Bill Gate is the father micro-soft.
This is because they are naturally intellectual men.
Revealed knowledge:
Revealed knowledge is kind of spiritual knowledge. It
revealed by Allah almighty to his prophets. The angel Israel took message of Allah to his
prophets. So that they teach people about reality and meaning of life and tell people to live
their lives according ways of Islam. For instance, the prophet (PBUU) received message of Allah
by Israel, and told people to live life in the ground of Islam.
