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Mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy) Commonly Known As

Sir Isaac Newton was an English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, theologian, and author who is widely recognized as one of the most influential scientists of all time. He developed the laws of motion and universal gravitation, which dominated scientists' view of the physical universe for the next three centuries. Newton was also a mathematician, inventor, and associated with the Royal Mint for many years.

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21 views1 page

Mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy) Commonly Known As

Sir Isaac Newton was an English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, theologian, and author who is widely recognized as one of the most influential scientists of all time. He developed the laws of motion and universal gravitation, which dominated scientists' view of the physical universe for the next three centuries. Newton was also a mathematician, inventor, and associated with the Royal Mint for many years.

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Newton, Sir Isaac (1642-1727), mathematician and physicist, one of the foremost

scientific intellects of all time. Born at Woolsthorpe, near Grantham in Lincolnshire,


where he attended school, he entered Cambridge University in 1661; he was
elected a Fellow of Trinity College in 1667, and Lucasian Professor of Mathematics
in 1669. He remained at the university, lecturing in most years, until 1696. Of these
Cambridge years, in which Newton was at the height of his creative power, he
singled out 1665-1666 (spent largely in Lincolnshire because of plague in
Cambridge) as "the prime of my age for invention". During two to three years of
intense mental effort he prepared Philosophiae Naturalis Principia
Mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy) commonly known as
the Principia, although this was not published until 1687.

As a firm opponent of the attempt by King James II to make the universities into
Catholic institutions, Newton was elected Member of Parliament for the University
of Cambridge to the Convention Parliament of 1689, and sat again in 1701-1702.
Meanwhile, in 1696 he had moved to London as Warden of the Royal Mint. He
became Master of the Mint in 1699, an office he retained to his death. He was
elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London in 1671, and in 1703 he became
President, being annually re-elected for the rest of his life. His major
work, Opticks, appeared the next year; he was knighted in Cambridge in 1705.
As Newtonian science became increasingly accepted on the Continent, and
especially after a general peace was restored in 1714, following the War of the
Spanish Succession, Newton became the most highly esteemed natural
philosopher in Europe. His last decades were passed in revising his major works,
polishing his studies of ancient history, and defending himself against critics, as
well as carrying out his official duties. Newton was modest, diffident, and a man of
simple tastes. He was angered by criticism or opposition, and harboured
resentment; he was harsh towards enemies but generous to friends. In
government, and at the Royal Society, he proved an able administrator. He never
married and lived modestly, but was buried with great pomp in Westminster Abbey.
Newton has been regarded for almost 300 years as the founding examplar of
modern physical science, his achievements in experimental investigation being as
innovative as those in mathematical research. With equal, if not greater, energy
and originality he also plunged into chemistry, the early history of Western
civilization, and theology; among his special studies was an investigation of the
form and dimensions, as described in the Bible, of Solomon's Temple in
Jerusalem.

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