BUILDING UTILITIES 1

PLUMBING
Raw water is made to pass on pipes of tiny sieves and exposed to air of
1. Aeration
fine mist
Flow of water into a water supply system from any source other than its
2. Backflow
regular source. Back Siphonage is a type of this
3. Air pressure in drainage pipes greater than atmospheric pressure Back Pressure
Part of a vent line which connects directly with an individual trap Back Vent Pipe/
4.
underneath or behind a fixture Individual Vent
A faucet opened or closed by the fall or rise of a ball floating on the
5. Ball Cock
surface of water
A connection in which a ball is held in a cuplike shell that allows
6. Ball Joint
movement in every direction
Any two or more similar adjacent fixtures which discharge to a common
7. Battery of fixtures
branch
Portion of a pipe which for a short distance is enlarged to receive the
8. Bell / Hub
end of another pipe
9. Tool used for straightening or extending a pipe Bending Pin

10. Fixture used for washing the middle part of the body Bidet
Water plus human solid and liquid waste that is flushed out of toilets
11. Black Water
and urinals
12. A flange that is not drilled Blank Flange

13. A flange that closes at the end of the pipe Blind Flange

14. Controlled outlet on a pipeline used to discharge water Blow Off

15. Any part of a piping system other than the main, riser or stack Branch
A vent pipe connecting from a branch of the drainage system to a vent
16. Branch Vent
stack
17. Used as a reducer Bushing

18. Plugging an opening with a material Calking

This is durable and is conveniently installed in most of the plumbing
19. Cast Iron Pipe
needs in building which are less than 25 storey high
SV – For building installations.
20. Cast Iron Pipe
XV – For underground installations
 Receptacle in which liquids are retained for a sufficient period to deposit
21. Catch Basin
settleable material
Posses moving parts without valves, revolving around the axis and
22. Centrifugal Pump
centrifugal action is utilized in delivering the water under pressure
23. A pit for the reception or detention of sewage Cesspool
A valve that automatically closes to prevent the flow of water in reverse
24. Check Valve
direction
Water are given chemical (chlorine) treatment to kill the harmful
25. bacteria present and to cure the turbid taste or mud taste, remove clay, Chemical Treatment
salts, iron etc.,
A group vent extending from the last fixture connection on a horizontal Circuit Vent/ Loop
26.
branch to a vent stack Vent
Conductor/Leader/
27. A vertical pipe to convey rainwater
Downspout
A vertical vent that is a continuation of the drain to which the vent
28. Continuous Vent
connects
A stop valve placed in a service pipe closed to its connection with a
29. Corporation Cock
water main
30. Well dug by a machine Deep Well
used when the water level of the source is more than 22ft. below the Deep Well Plunger
31.
ground Pump
When a large amount of water flows rapidly through a seal and drains its Direct/ Self-
32.
contents Siphonage
33. A pipe fitting shaped like an “S” Double-bend Fitting
A sewer or other pipe used for conveying ground, surface and storm
34. Drain
water, waste or sewage
The drainage pipe of a plumbing system that takes waste water from the
35. Drainage System
fixtures to the sewer
36. A vent that does not carry water or waste Dry Vent

37. Well excavated by hand Dug Well

A plug that is screwed that can be removed for the purpose of cleaning
38. Ferrule/Clean-out
the interior of a pipe
39. Raw water is made to pass sand and gravel Filtration
A receptacle attached to a plumbing system other than a trap in which
40. Fixture
waste is collected
41 The pipe between the fixture and the water distributing pipe Fixture Branch
 The drain from the trap of a fixture to the junction of the drain with any
42 Fixture Drain
other drain pipe
43 Flow rate of 1 cu. ft. of water per minute Fixture Unit
Consists of fittings provided with projecting rims or flanges which are
44 Flange
screwed over the two pipes ends to be joined
A piece of metal sheet fitted under another piece of flat metal or wood
45 Flashing
over which water is expected to run
46 A valve used for flushing a fixture connected to a special flush tank Flash Valve
A pump that is used to deliver water at a point higher than the pump
47 Force Pump
itself
A valve in which the flow of water is cut off by means of a circular disk
48 Gate Valve
fitting against machine-smoothed faces
A valve in which the flow of water is cut off by means of a circular disk
49 Globe Valve
fitted against the valve seat
A return bend of small-sized pipe one end of which is about 1 ft long and
50 Goose Neck
the other 3 in long.
Commonly used as a faucet for the pantry sink. Lead connection
51 Goose Neck
between a service pipe and water main
52 Slope or fall of line of a pipe Grade

53 Waste from laundries, wash basins, sinks, showers, bath tubs Grey Water

54 Water that is standing in or passing through the ground Groundwater

55 A branch vent that performs its function for two or more straps Group Vent
Receives discharge from one or more fixture and conducts it to the
56 Horizontal Branch
waste stack or to the drain
Horizontal
57 A power pump which is known as double or single active position
Reciprocating Pump
Part of the lowest horizontal piping that receives discharge from
58 House Drain
drainage pipes inside the building and conveys it to the sewer
59 Pipe line from the building to the public storm sewer system House Storm Sewer
Depends operation upon water hammer that is the surging back and
60 Hydraulic Ram
forth in a pipe when suddenly brought to rest.
Result of a lower atmospheric pressure in the pipe created by heavy
Indirect/Momentum
61 discharge of water from a fixture installed on a line serving another
Siphonage
fixture at a lower floor
Waste pipe that does not connect directly with the building drainage
62 Indirect Waste Pipe
system but discharges into it through a properly trapped fixture
 Receptacle designed to prevent the passage of oil, sand etc. to the
63 Interceptor
drainage system
The lowest position of the inside of any pipe or conduit that is not
64 Invert
vertical
65 A secondary pipe line Lateral

66 Water closet consisting of a continuous trough containing water Latrine

67 Fixture for washing hands Lavatory

68 A cesspool that is not watertight Leaching Cesspool

69 A pump that consists of a piston travelling up and down within a cylinder Lift Pump

70 830 times heavier than air Liquid

71 Pipe or shaft serving to convey foul air Local Vent

A continuation of horizontal waste pipe beyond the connection at which Loop Vent/
72
liquid wastes from a fixture enter a waste pipe Circuit Vent
73 Hemp or Old Hemp Rope soaked in oil to make it waterproof Oakum

74 An opening or space used to accommodate a group of pipes Pipe Chase

75 Used to close a pipe opening Plug

A system of water distribution from air pressure and suction tank for tall
76 Pneumatic Tank
buildings which cannot be reached by normal water pressure
Polybutylene
77 Used for HOT and COLD in-house water piping system
Pipe
Used for service connections, in-house plumbing distribution mains,
78 Polyethylene Pipe
sewer, waste disposal
Polyvinyl Chloride
79 Used for waterworks
(PVC)
Branch of a building drain that is the single sloping drain from the base
80 Primary Branch
of a stack
81 Structure used for the deposition of excrement Privy

82 A pit beneath a privy in which excrement collects Privy Vault

83 A common sewer controlled by public authority Public Sewer

Used whenever the water supply at its natural pressure cannot be Pump
84
directly piped to a building, tank or reservoir
 This is the process of circulating hot water to the plumbing fixtures by Pumping Circuit
85
means of a mechanical device System
Includes that class of pumps in which the piston moves to and fro, either
86 Reciprocating Pump
horizontally or vertically.
87 Provides circulation of air between drainage and vent system Relief Vent
An open return bend usually with inside threads that is applied to 180-
88 Return Bend
degree bend in a pipe
Water supply that extends vertically one full story or more to convey
89 Riser
water to branches or fixtures
Installation of all pipes in the plumbing system that are in partitions and
90 Roughing-in
under floors
91 A sewer intended to receive sanitary sewage Sanitary Sewer

92 Vertical distance between the dip and the crown weir of the trap Seal
Articles of matters that are suspended in the water are allowed to stay
93 in container so that they will settle in the bottom, then drawing the Sedimentation
water out, leaving these sediments in the container
A watertight receptacle which receives the discharge of a plumbing
94 system that separates the solid from the liquid wastes, digest the Septic Tank
organic matter
95 Pipe from the water supply source to the building Service Pipe

96 Liquid waste conducted away from buildings Sewage

97 A pipe that carries sewage Sewer

Vertical opening through a building for elevators, dumb-waiters, light,
98 Shaft
ventilation etc.
A wye connection used on fire lines so that two lines of hose may be
99 Siamese Connection
connected to a hydrant
Suction created by the flow of liquids in pipes
100 Siphonage
Has two types, direct self-siphonage and indirect or momentum
101 Any pipe that conveys waste Soil Pipe

102 A vertical soil pipe Soil Stack Pipe

Portion of the soil pipe stack above the highest installed fixture branch
103 extended through the roof Soil and Waste Vent

104 Used to connect joints Solvent Cement

105 End of a pipe that fits into a bell Spigot

106 Term for any vertical piping Stack

107 Extension of a soil or waste stack above the highest horizontal drain Stack Vent

108 A vertical pipe used for storage of water frequently under pressure Standpipe
Portion of rainfall or other precipitation which runs over the surface as
109 Storm Water
the flow exceeds normal run-off
110 Underground drain pipes that receive only sub-surface or seepage water Subsoil Drain

111 Pit or receptacle at a low point in which liquid wastes are drained Sump

112 Portion of rainfall or other precipitation which runs over the surface Surface Water

113 Used for collection of water for future use Tank

Cast-iron bell and tee with the branch tapped to receive a threaded pipe
114 Tapped Tee
or fitting
115 Connections of galvanized iron pipe are done by placing this material Teflon
A device constructed to prevent passage of air, gas and some vermin
116 Trap
through a pipe
117 Vertical distance between the dip and the crown of the weir of a trap Trap Seal
Due to an inadequate ventilation of the trap wherein the atmospheric
118 Trap Seal Loss
pressure discharges the content of the trap
119 Pump that uses a turbine to move water Turbine Pump

120 Used when a pipe has already been installed but dismantling is difficult Union
Arrangement of venting so installed that one vent pipe will serve two
121 Unit Vent
traps
122 Air pressure less than atmospheric pressure Vacuum

123 Pipe or opening used for ensuring circulation of air in a plumbing system Vent
Vertical
For suction lifts of less than 22 ft. These are composed of three vertical
124 Reciprocating
cylinders placed side by side
Pumps
125 Portion of a vent pipe through which liquid waste flow Wet Vent
126 A pipe which conveys only liquid waste flow, free of fecal matter Waste Pipe
Yoke/ By-pass
127 A relief vent on a long vertical soil pipe
Ventilation
Color of Pipe Purpose
Blue Portable Water
Orange/Light Gray Electric Conduit
Gray Industrial System
Yellow Communication Cable
Orange Brown Sewage System
BUILDING UTILITIES 2
ELECTRICILTY
1 Energy generated by electrons in motion Electricity

2 Father of Electricity William Gilbert

3 An atom or molecule that is not electrically balanced Ion

4 Earliest method of wiring buildings Knob and Tube

Discovered that electrons flow when two different metals are connected
5 Alessandro Volta
by a wire and then dipped into a liquid
6 A measure of the pressure under which electricity flows Voltage

7 Unit for electric potential Volts

8 A measure of how hard it is for current to pass through a given material Ohms

9 A measure on how much electricity passes a given point in time Amperage/ Current

10 Standard unit for measuring the strength of an electric current Amps

11 A measure of how much work an electrical system is able to accomplish Power

12 The rate of power used Watt

13 Wire installations that supply current to light and convenience outlets Circuit

14 Term for electric friction for AC Electricity Impedance

15 A material that allows electricity to move through it easily Conductor

16 A material that electricity has a hard time moving through Insulator

17 Current that floes in one direction DC Electricity

18 Current that reverses direction AC Electricity

A wire used to carry electricity located high overhead or buried
19 Power Line
underground
Power lines that carry electricity through towns and neighborhoods to
20 Distribution Line
homes and business
Set of equipment reducing the high-voltage of electric power
21 Substation
transmission to suitable voltage supply to consumers
General term including material, devices, appliances, fixtures,
22 Equipment
apparatuses, etc.
An accessory such as locknut, bushing or other part of wiring system
23 Fitting
which is intended to perform mechanical rather than electrical function
Electrical device which is secured to a wall or ceiling and used to hold
24 Fixture
lamps
25 Current consuming equipment that may be fixed or portable Appliance

26 A machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy Generator

Direct Current
27 Utilized for special applications such as in elevator work
Generators
Alternating
28 Produces alternating current that is utilized and distributed nationwide
Generators
A circuit protective device that functions as a fuse and also a switch. It
29 Circuit Breaker
trips the latching mechanic of the breaker in case of overload
30 A protective device that melts or breaks when current exceeds Fuse
A device that changes electricity from one voltage to another.
31 Transformer
used to change alternating current charges either up or down
Uses rectangles to indicate major components. It shows the spatial
relations between components. Example is to show section from the
32 meter to panels to circuit breakers to main switchboards to main Riser Diagram
feeders, to distribution panels to lighting and appliances to receptacles
and ceiling outlets
Units of an electrical system which are intended to carry but not Conductor,
33
consume electricity Insulator, Wire
Usually rectangular, octagon or round in form having punched holes to
34 Junction Box
fit the conduit which terminate through them
35 A device intended for on or off control of an electrical circuit Switch
 An assembly of wires bounded together with a tape or brand and then
36 BX
wrapped with a spiral wound of interlocking strip of steel tape
An elevated (0.60 x 0.60m) modular slab that gives the building users
37 Access Floor
access to accommodate utility lines
Provides electricity for functions that the building owner requires to
38 Standby
avoid interruption in business
39 Refers to whole lighting unit Device
Arrangement of circuit in which when one lamp doesn't work, the whole
40 Series Circuit
circuit will be disabled
When there is one ceiling light intended for the stairway and can be
41 Parallel Circuit
opened from the ground floor or second floor and vice versa.
When two or more branches or loads in a circuit are connected between
42 Parallel Circuit
the same points.
43 Frequency of electric power generated in Metro Manila 60 Hertz
Republic Act No.
44 The New Electrical Engineering Law
7920
American Wire
45 AWG
Gauge
Protects the wiring system, household appliances, watt-hours meters
Lightning Arrester/
46 and personal computers from lightning and sudden surges in the power
Surge Arrester
line
47 Wire from the Meralco pole to the point of attachment of the building Service Drop

48 Most common type of service entrance Overhead

The National Electric Code states that this type of receptacle should be
Ground Fault Circuit
49 installed on location where sensitivity to shock is high such as in wet
Interceptor
areas
Kitchen and Laundry
50 Location of main feeder and load center
area
Type of switch used to control a lamp from two points
51 interconnection of components to provide an electrical path between Three-way
two or more components
Minimum number of amperes required for appliance branch circuit to
52 20
feed all small appliance outlets
The ampacity of the connected load shall not exceed this percentage
53 80
capacity for the conductor and fuse
54 Minimum wattage rating for each single receptacle 180

55 Length of a 40-watt fluorescent lamp 1.20 m

56 Length of a 15-watt fluorescent lamp 0.45 m

57 Consists of a group of wires twisted to form metallic string Stranded Wire

58 An insulated stranded wire Cord

A fabricated assembly of insulated conductors enclosed in flexible metal Armored Cable
59
sheath (AC)
A factory assembled cable of one or more conductors, each individually
Metal Clad Cable
60 insulated and enclosed in a metallic sheath of interlocking tape, or a
(MC)
smooth or corrugated tube
A factory assembly of one or more conductors insulated with a highly Mineral Insulated
61 compressed refractory mineral insulation and enclosed in liquid-tight Cable
and gas-tight continuous copper sheath (MI)
Factory assembled two or more insulated conductors having a moisture- Nonmetallic
62
resistant outer sheath, flame-retardant and non-metallic material Sheathed Cable
Factory assembly of two or more insulated conductors in an extruded Shielded
63 core or moisture-resistant and flame-retardant material, covered with Nonmetallic
an overlapping spiral metal tape Sheathed Cable
A single conductor or multi-conductor assembly provided with or Service Entrance
64
without an over-all covering, primarily used for services Cable
channels designed for holding wires, cables or bus-bars, which are either
65 Raceway
made of metal or insulating material
66 Pipes or tubings that are the most common electrical raceway Conduit
A metal sleeve usually made of copper that is slipped over and secured Connector/
67
to the butted ends of conductors in making joint Splicing Sleeve
A single panel or group of panel units designed for assembly in the form
68 Panelboard
of a single panel
The feeder interior wiring extending from service switch, generator bus,
69 Main
or converter bus to the main distribution
The circuit conductors between the final over-current device protecting
70 Branch Circuit
the circuit and the outlets
71 The current-carrying capacity of an electric conductor Ampacity
Watts per square meter in buildings excluding porches, garages, and
72 30
basements
Used exclusively in tall building and operated by direct current (DC)
73 Electric Elevators
motors
• Gearless Traction
Machine
74 Two Types of Elevator Traction Machine
• Geared Traction
Machine
 One in which the motion of the car is obtained by means of fiction
75 between Traction Machine

76 The traction sheave and the hoisting cable Traction Machine

The temperature of a gas or mixture of gases indicated by an accurate Dry Bulb

77
thermometer after connection for radiation Temperature
The temperature at which liquid or solid water, by evaporating into air,
Wet Bulb
78 can bring the air to saturation adiabatically at the same
Temperature
Temperature
79 Moisture in the air Humidity
The ratio of the mol fraction of water vapor present in the air to the Mol
80 fraction of water vapor present in saturated air at the same temperature Relative Humidity
and barometric pressure
The temperature of a uniform black enclosure in which solid body or
Mean Radiant
81 occupant would exchange the amount of radiant heat as in the existing
Temperature
non-uniform environment
The temperature at which air water vapor mixture will become
82 Dew Point
saturated and begin to yield drops of condensed water
The formation of vapor in a pipe carrying liquids which prevents normal
83 Vapor Lock
fluid flow due to wrong application of Freon gas
84 An inverted funnel leading into a ventilating flue Hopper

85 A device used for moistening air to a desired degree Humidifier

86 A device used to vary the volume of air passing through an air outlet Damper

87 Usually refer to as the drafts in air condition Cold Packet

The total heat in the mixture measured above zero-degree Fahrenheit,
88 Enthalpy
including the latent heat of the water vapor
That part of broiler or warm-air heating plant in which combustion
89 Furnace
takes place
90 A vessel where the steam is generated Boiler
An air conditioning compartment maintained under a pressure slightly
91 Plenum
above atmospheric and connected to one or more distribution duets
92 A furnace for consuming waste by fire Incinerator

93 Devices which uses electrical energy to amplify or convert power Relay

Hygrostat/
94 Controller or device sensitive to degree of moisture
Humidistat
 A structure on the roof of a building over which water is circulated, so
95 Cooling Tower
as to cool it evaporatively by contact with air
A space which is designed to isolate an air-conditioned space from
96 Air Lock
another space to which it is connected
Form of heat energy that is sensed by touch or measured directly with a
97 Sensible Heat
thermometer
Causes an object to change its properties, cannot be sensed by touch or
98 Latent Heat
measured by a thermometer
Substances used by air conditioners to transfer heat and create a cooling
99 Refrigerant
effect
Part of an air-conditioning system that draws the refrigerant from the
100 Compressor
evaporator and pumps it to the condenser
101 Condenses refrigerant into liquid for easier vaporization Condenser
Restricts the flow of liquid refrigerant from the condenser to the
102 Metering Device
evaporator
103 The low-pressure liquid refrigerant absorbs heat as it vaporizes Evaporator
Structures are cooled by rather simple arrangement of the refrigeration
104 Air-to-air cooling
cycle
A scheme for transferring heat from one circulated water system (chilled
Compressive
105 water) to another (condenser water), by means of liquification and
refrigeration cycle
evaporation of a synthetic chemical refrigerant called Freon
The condenser is cooled by water circulated to an outdoor cooling water
106 then is pumped to one air handling unit where the circulated air for one Central Cooling
room is cooled and its moisture partially condensed
Window-Through-
It uses conducted air taken from the room and blown over the
107 Wall-type Air
evaporator coils and returned directly to the room
conditioner
Also known as wall-split air conditioning systems or ductless systems
108 and has the evaporative unit on the interior and the condensing unit on PTAC System
the exterior
The inside-environment (evaporative) heat exchanger and fan is
109 separated by some distance from the outside-environment (condensing Split System
unit) heat exchanger and fan
Similar to PTAC air conditioners in that they are often designed to cool a
single room or space, but allows design and installation flexibility Ductless (split-
110 because the inside wall space required is significantly reduced and the system) air
compressor and heat exchanger can be located further away from the conditioning
inside space
A device that draws outside air through a wet pad, such as a large
111 Evaporative Cooler
sponge soaked with water
 A type of air conditioner in which the refrigeration cycle can be
112 reversed, producing heating instead of cooling in the indoor Heat Pumps
environment

Electrical Plan/Lay-out
Single Line Diagram
Riser Diagram
Requirements for applying for an Electrical Permit Design Analysis
Estimate Cost
Location Plan
Schedule of Loads
Exit Lighting
Requirements for electrical system that relates to the safety of Alarm System
occupants inside a building Fire Pumps
Sprinkler System
Power Plant
Three main parts of the electrical system that supplies the electric Electrical Distribution
power, carries the electrical current from source to various buildings, System
and feeds the building electrical power to the appliances Interior Local Wiring
System
Mica
Oil
Materials that resist the flow of current
Distilled Water
Porcelain
8 mm2 Copper, 14 mm2
Minimum size for an overhead service drop conductor Aluminum or Copper-clad
Aluminum
2 pieces 3.5 mm2 or no.
Size of branch circuit wire for 8 lightning outlets with 100 watts each
14 TW Copper Wire
Size of conductor wire with 6 convenience outlets with maximum of 180 2 pieces 3.5 mm2 or no.
watts per plug load 12 TW Copper Wire

FORMULA

Current Load

Ohm’s Law

Watt

Power
 Total Voltage

Series Circuit Total Resistance

Total Current

Total Voltage

Parallel Circuit Total Current

Total Resistance

Power Plants in the Philippines

Hydro-electric Power Plant

Coal-fired Power Plant

Geothermal Power Plant

Liquefied Natural Gas Plant

Bio Gas Power Plant