HISTORY OF

ARCHITECTURE IV
MODULE 1
 INTRODUCTION
• IN THE 7TH AND 8TH CENTURIES CE, ISLAM SPREAD TOWARDS SPAIN AND INDIA.
• ISLAM CAME TO INDIA PARTICULARLY WITH MERCHANTS, TRADERS, HOLY MEN AND CONQUERORS OVER A
PASSAGE OF 600 YEARS.
• ALTHOUGH BY THE 8TH CENTURY MUSLIMS HAD BEGUN TO CONSTRUCT IN SINDH, GUJARAT, ETC., IT
WAS ONLY IN THE 13TH CENTURY THAT LARGE-SCALE BUILDING ACTIVITY WAS BEGUN BY THE TURKISH
STATE, ESTABLISHED AFTER THE TURKISH CONQUEST OF THE NORTH INDIA.
• A NOTEWORTHY ASPECT OF THESE MIGRATIONS AND CONQUESTS WAS THAT MUSLIMS ABSORBED MANY
FEATURES OF LOCAL CULTURE AND TRADITION AND COMBINED THEM WITH THEIR OWN ARCHITECTURAL
FEATURES.
• THUS, IN THE FIELD OF ARCHITECTURE, A MIX OF MANY STRUCTURAL TECHNIQUES, STYLIZED SHAPES,
AND SURFACE DECORATIONS CAME ABOUT THROUGH CONSTANT INTERVENTIONS OF ACCEPTANCE,
REJECTIONS OR MODIFICATIONS OF ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS.
• THESE ARCHITECTURAL ENTITIES OR CATEGORIES SHOWCASING MULTIPLE STYLES ARE KNOWN AS INDO-
SARACENIC OR INDO-ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE.
• BY THE 12TH CENTURY, INDIA WAS ALREADY FAMILIAR WITH MONUMENTAL CONSTRUCTION IN
GRANDIOSE SETTINGS.
• CERTAIN TECHNIQUES AND EMBELLISHMENTS WERE PREVALENT AND POPULAR, SUCH AS TRABEATION
(THE USE OF BEAM RATHER THAN ARCHES OR VAULTING), BRACKETS, AND MULTIPLE PILLARS TO
SUPPORT A FLAT ROOF OR A SMALL SHALLOW DOME.
• THE ARCHES IN EARLY CONSTRUCTIONS WERE SHAPED IN WOOD AND STONE, AND WERE UNABLE TO
BEAR THE WEIGHT OF THE DOMES/TOP STRUCTURES.
• SUCH ARCHES NEEDED TO BE CONSTRUCTED WITH VOUSSOIRS (SERIES OF INTERLOCKING BLOCKS)
AND FITTED WITH KEYSTONES.
EVOLUTION OF INDO-ISLAMIC
ARCHITECTURE
TUGHLAQ
SLAVE DYNASTY LODI DYNASTY
DYNASTY
IMPERIAL
KHILJI DYNASTY SAYYID DYNASTY

PUNJAB GUJARAT
PROVINCE PROVINCE
PROVINCIAL
INDO-ISLAMIC
ARCHITECTURE
BENGAL DECCAN
PROVINCE PROVINCE

BABAR AKBAR SHAH JAHAN

MUGHAL
HUMAYUN JAHANGIR AURANGZEB
 THE DELHI OR THE IMPERIAL STYLE OF INDO-ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE FLOURISHED BETWEEN
1191-1557 A.D. AND COVERED MUSLIM DYNASTIES VIZ., SLAVE (1191-1246 A.D.), KHILJI
(1290-1320 A.D.), TUGHLAQ (1320-1413 A.D.), SAYYID (1414-1444 A.D.) AND LODI (1451-
1557 A.D.). THE FIRST ISLAMIC SULTANATE STRUCTURES WERE BUILT OF DISPARATE
DISMANTLED PIECES OF HINDU TEMPLES, AFTER WHICH CAME AN ERA OF CAREFULLY
PLANNED STRUCTURES AND PRECINCTS, LATER ASSIMILATING AND INCORPORATING THE HINDU
ELEMENTS AND WORKMANSHIP.

SLAVE DYNASTY
• PERIOD - 1206-1290 AD
• MOHAMMED GHORI (1162-1206 ) CONQUERED MOST PARTS OF INDIA AND APPOINTED HIS
GOVERNER QUTB-UD-DIN AIBAK IN CHARGE
• QUTB-UD-DIN AIBAK STARTED THE SLAVE DYNASTY IN 1206 AFTER DEFEATING DELHI KING
PRITHVIRAJ CHAUHAN
• BUILT THE FIRST MOSQUE, QUWWAT-UL ISLAM MOSQUE AND STARTED CONSTRUCTION OF
QUTUB MINAR.
• QUTB-UD-DIN AIBAK DIED IN NOVEMBER 1210 AD AND PASSED THE THRONE TO HIS
SON,ARAM SHAH.
• ARAM SHAH WAS DETHRONED BY SHAMS-UD-DIN ILTUMISH, SON-IN-LAW OF AIBAK
• ILTUMISH RULED FROM 1211 TO 1236 AD AND COMPLETED CONSTRUCTION OF QUTUB
MINAR IN 1220 AD
• THE THRONE WAS PASSED TO HIS DAUGHTER, RAZZIYA WHO WAS LATER BEHEADED
• SON AND SON-IN-LAW OF ILTUMISH CONTINUED TO RULE THE DYNASTY
QUWWATUL ISLAM MOSQUE

QUTUB MINAR
ILTUMISH TOMB
KHILJI DYNASTY
• PERIOD : 1290-1320 AD
• JALAL-UD-DIN KHILJI MURDERED QUAIKUBAD AND ASCENDED THRONE IN MARCH
1290 AD
• DUE TO HIS OLD AGE, RELIED HIS NEPHEW ALAUDIN KHILJI TO CONTROL THRONE
OF DELHI
• LATER ALAUDIN KHILJI BEHEADED THE SULTAN AND ANNOUNCED HIMSELF AS
KING IN JULY 1296 AD
• BUILT STRUCTURES LIKE ALAI DARWAZA AND ALAI MINAR
• EVEN THOUGH HE WAS POWERFUL,HE WAS A PUPPET OF GENERAL MALIK GAFUR
• MALIK GAFUR POISONED THE KING AND TOOK UPON THE KINGDOM IN 1316 AD

TUGHLAQ DYNASTY
• PERIOD : 1320-1413 AD
• GIYASUDIN TUGHLAQ DECLARED HIMSELF KING
• HE BUILT THE 3RD CITY OF DELHI,TUGHLAQABAD IN 1321-1323 AD
• HE WAS FOLLOWED BY HIS SON, MOHAMMED SHAH TUGHLAQ, ALSO KNOWN AS WISEST
FOOL DUE TO HIS CONTRADICTIONS IN RULING THE EMPIRE.
• SOME OF HIS CONTRADICTIONS INCLUDE INCREASING THE TAX BY 20 TIMES,SHIFTING THE
CAPITAL FROM DELHI TO DAULABAD, INTRODUCING TOKEN CURRENCY ETC, ALL OF THIS
CAUSING CHAOS IN THE KINGDOM
• HE BUILT THE 4TH CITY OF DELHI,JAHAPANAH IN MID 14TH CENTURY
• AFTER THE DEATH OF MOHAMMED SHAH TUGHLAQ, HIS COUSIN FIROZ SHAH TUGHLAQ WAS
CROWNED THE SULTAN IN 1351 AD
• HE BUILT THE 5TH CITY OF DELHI,FEROZABAD IN 1354 AD
• NASEERUDIN MEHMOOD SHAH WAS THE LAST RULER OF TUGHLAQ DYNASTY RULED TILL
1413 AD
 ELEMENTS OF INDO-ISLAMIC
ARCHITECTURE
IWAN
SAHN
• MAIN GATEWAY LIWAN
• COURTYARD
• CLOISTERS
• ARCHED ENTRANCE • SURROUNDED BY
• USED AS MADRASSAS
• ON THE EASTERN SIDE CLOISTERS ON NORTH
• PILLARRED
• PRAYER HALL ON SOUTH
• DECORATED W VERANDAHS
• USED FOR
MOSAIC,CALLIGRAPHY ETC • PROTECTION FROM
CONREGATIONAL
RAIN
PRAYER-
LARGE GATHERING
 MIHRAB
AIYWAN MIMBER
• PRAYER IS PERFORMED
• SANCTUARY HALL • ARABIC WORD
FACING THIS NICHE
WESTERN SIDE OF • ELEVATED
• • ERECTED IN THE
MOSQUE STAND ON
CENTRE OF QIBLA
SQUARE OR LEFT OF
• WALL
RECTANGULAR MIHRAB
• DECORATED WITH
• THREE OR FIVE • FOR IMAM
QURANIC VERSES,
ARCHED OPENING • TWO OR SIX
GEOMETRICAL DESIGNS.
STEPS
SQUINCHES PENDENTIVE SPANDREL
• ARCHITECTURE • A CONSTRUCTION • UPPER
DEVICE ELEMENT THAT ALLOWS A CORNERED
• CREATED BY DOME TO BE PLACED TRIANGULAR SPACE
ELIMINATING OVER SQUARE OR ON BOTH SIDE OF
UPPER CORNERS RECTANGULAR SPACES ARCH
OF A ROOM TO • TRIANGULAR SEGMENTS • DECORATED WITH
CREATE A DOME OF A SPHERE THAT GEOMETRICAL
ON THE TERRACE SPREAD AT THE TOP AND DESIGNS,
TAPER TO POINTS AT THE CALLIGRAPHY ETC
BOTTOM
• BASE NEEDED TO
SUPPORT THE DOME
• CIRCULAR OR
ELLIPTICAL
TYPES OF SQUINCHES

ALAI DARWAZA

TUGHLAQ’S TOMB

SHER SHAH SURI TOMB

ATALA MASJID ILTUMISH TOMB NIZAMUDIN’S JAMAAT KHANA
TYPES OF ARCHES
TYPES OF DOMES IN DIFFERENT PERIODS
 TAJ MAHAL
▪TAJ MAHAL IS CONSIDERED AS ONE OF THE
SEVEN WONDERS OF THE WORLD.
▪IT IS A MAUSOLEUM LOCATED IN AGRA, INDIA
▪IT WAS BUILT BY MUGHAL EMPEROR SHAH
JAHAN IN THE MEMORY OF HIS THIRD WIFE
MUMTAZ MAHAL
▪IT IS THE FINEST EXAMPLE OF MUGHAL
ARCHITECTURE
▪THE PRINCIPAL DESIGNERS ARE ABD-UL-KARIM,
MAKRAMAT KHAN AND USTAD AHMAD LAHAURI
▪THE CONSTRUCTION BEGAN IN 1632 AND
COMPLETED IN 1648
▪IT IS SITUATED AT THE BANKS OF RIVER
YAMUNA
▪THE ENTIRE TAJ COMPLEX CONSISTS OF FIVE •TAJ MAHAL IS AN EXAMPLE OF CHARBAGH
MAJOR CONSTITUENT, NAMELY DARWAZA, STYLE
BAGEECHA, MASJID, NAQQAR KHANA, AND RAUZA.
▪THE INSPIRATION BEHIND THE TAJ MAHAL CAME CHARBAGH IS A PERSIAN AND INDO PERSIAN
FROM HUMAYUNS TOMB AT DELHI AND TOMB OF
QUADRILATERAL GARDEN LAYOUT WHICH IS DIVIDED
KHAN KHANAN, BUILT A FEW YEARS BEFORE THE
TAJ MAHAL. BY WALKWAYS OR FLOWING WATER INTO FOUR
SMALLER PARTS LEADING TO A SYMMETRICAL
DIVISION OF GARDEN INTO QUARTERS
PLAN OF TAJ COMPLEX
•THE PLAN OF THE WHOLE COMPLEX IS IN THE FORM OF A LARGE
RECTANGULAR ENCLOSURE ALIGNED TO THE NORTH-SOUTH
DIRECTION MEASURING 1900 X 1000.
• THE CENTRAL AREA IS OCCUPIED BY A SQUARE GARDEN
MEASURING 1000 SIDE, LEAVING TWO OBLONG RECTANGLES AT
THE NORTH AND SOUTH ENDS.
•THE SOUTHERN END CONSISTS OF A SYSTEM OF ROADS AND
SERVICE DWELLINGS WHILE THE NORTHERN END, ABUTTING THE
JUMNA RIVER, CONSISTS OF A RAISED TERRACE ON WHICH THERE
ARE THE TOMB STRUCTURE AND SOME SUBSIDIARY STRUCTURES.

•THE GARDEN PORTION AND TERRACE PORTION

ARE SURROUNDED BY A HIGH BOUNDARY
WALL WITH OCTAGONAL PAVILIONS AT EACH
CORNER AND A MONUMENTAL ENTRANCE
GATEWAY (DARWAAZA) IN THE MIDDLE OF
THE SOUTHERN SIDE.
•THE TOMB IS THE CENTRAL FOCUS THAT STANDS ON A
SQUARE PLINTH OF HEIGHT OVER 6M.
•IT CONSISTS OF A SYMMETRICAL BUILDING WITH AN
IWAN TOPPED BY A LARGE DOME AND FINIAL
• FROM EACH CORNER OF THE PLINTH, A MINARET IN
THREE STAGES AND CROWNED BY A KIOSK RISING TO A
HEIGHT OF 137 ENHANCES THE ARCHITECTURAL
EFFECT.

•MULTI-CHAMBERED CUBE
•CHAMFERED CORNERS FORMING AN UNEQUAL
OCTAGON THAT IS APPRO 55M ON EACH OF 4 SIDE.
•THE INTERIOR OF THE TOMB CHAMBER IS A COPY
OF HUMAYUNS TOMB, WITH THE OCTAGONAL
CENTRAL HALL CONNECTED TO SUBSIDIARY
CHAMBERS IN THE ANGLES BY RADIATING
PASSAGES.
•THE MAIN HALL IS IN TWO STOREYS OF ARCADES.
• ABOVE THIS IS THE INNER SHELL OF THE DOME.
 •THE MAIN DOME IS FLANKED BY

•THE DOME FORMS THE CROWNING FOUR SMALLER DOMES ON ITS

FEATURE OF THE COMPOSITION. FOUR CORNER

•THE WHITE ONION SHAPED DOME SITS

ON A MASSIVE DRUM THAT ADDS
SUPPORT.
• THE DOME HAS TWO SHELLS, MAKING
IT OF THE DOUBLE DOME VARIETY.

•DECORATING THE SUMMIT OF

DOME IS AN OPEN LOTUS •DECORATED WITH LOTUS PETALS,
,OVER WHICH IS A GILDED THE GULDASTAS ARE TOPPED WITH
FINIAL GOLD FINIALS

•THE CENOTAPH OF MUMTAZ MAHAL OCCUPIES THE CENTRAL

POSITION UNDER THE FINIAL OF THE DOME IN THE CENTRAL
CHAMBER, WHILE THAT OF THE EMPEROR SHAH JAHAN IS
60M
SITUATED TO ONE SIDE.

•THE ACTUAL TOMB OF

SHAH JAHAN IN THE
BASEMENT BELOW THE
PLATFORM
 •FLORAL ORNAMENTATION , JALI WORK , FLORAL
PATTERNS,CALLIGRAPHY WERE EXTENSIVELY USED

•THE ORNAMENTATION CONSISTS MAINLY OF A

RESTRAINED USE OF MURALS OF INLAID
PATTERNS OVER FLAT SURFACES RESERVED
FOR THIS PURPOSE.

•TAJ MAHAL WAS CONSTRUCTED USING

MATERIALS FROM ALL OVER INDIA AND ASIA.
STORM WATER MANAGEMENT CONSTRUCTED WITH WALLS OF BRICKS AND
RUBBLE INNER CORE FACED WITH EITHER
MARBLE OR SANDSTONE
QUTB COMPLEX

QUTB COMPLEX CONSISTS OF

SEVERAL STRUCTURES BUILT
DURING DELHI SULTANATE RULE
• QUTUB MINAR
• QUWWAT-UL ISLAM MOSQUE
• ALAI DARWAZA
• IRON PILLAR
• ALAI MINAR
• TOMB OF ILTUMISH AND
MADRASSA
QUTB MINAR
• BUILT BY QUTB-UD-DIN AIBAK, VICEROY OF
MOHAMMED GHORI
• TOWER OF VICTORY AGAINST CHAUHANS
• 5 STORIED STRUCTURE WITH 72M HIGH
• 379 STEPS INSIDE
• MADE OF RED SANDSTANDE AND MARBLE
• 1ST STOREY BY QUTB-UD-DIN AIBAK AND
REMAINING BY ILTUMISH
• 4TH AND 5TH STORIES WERE DESTROYED BY
LIGHTNING AND REBUILT BY FIROZ SHAH
TUGHLAQ
• PROJECTING BALCONIES SUPPORTED BY
BRACKETS WITH MUQARNA DETAILS.
• BUNDLED REED APPEARANCE
• QUTUB MINAR CAN WITHSTAND EARTHQUAKE
DUE TO ITS ROCKY BASE
• 1ST STORY CARVINGS OF
MOHAMMED GHORIS PRAISING
• KUFIQ STYLE CALLIGRAPHY
REPLACED BY TULUQ STYLE
• EACH STOREY HAS A DIFFERENT
PATTERN IN PLAN.
FIRST STOREY- ALTERNATE
WEDGE SHAPED AND ROUND
PROJECTIONS
SECOND STOREY- CIRCULAR
PROJECTIONS
THIRD STOREY- STAR SHAPED
FOURTH STOREY- ROUND
QUWWATUL ISLAM MOSQUE
• THE FIRST MOSQUE BUILT IN DELHI
AFTER THE ISLAMIC CONQUEST OF INDIA
• CONSTRUCTION OF THIS JAMI MASJID
(FRIDAY MOSQUE), STARTED IN THE
YEAR 1193 AD
• MOSQUE WAS RAISED OVER THE
REMAINS OF A TEMPLE
• IT WAS ALSO CONSTRUCTED FROM
MATERIALS TAKEN FROM OTHER
DEMOLISHED TEMPLES, A FACT
RECORDED ON THE MAIN EASTERN
ENTRANCE.
• THE ORIGINAL DIMENSIONS OF THE
MOSQUE HAD A COURTYARD MEASURING
43 M (141 FT) BY 33 M (108 FT).
THE PRAYER HALL, LOCATED ON THE
WEST MEASURES 45 M (148 FT) BY
12 M (39 FT)
• THE MOSQUE HAS GREY COLONNADES
MADE OF GREYSTONE WITH THREE BAYS
IN EAST AND TWO BAYS DEEP ON THE
NORTH AND THE SOUTH
IRON PILLAR
• THE IRON PILLAR IS ONE OF THE WORLD'S
FOREMOST METALLURGICAL CURIOSITIES
• 7.21-METRE HIGH
• WEIGHING MORE THAN SIX TONNE
• ORIGINALLY ERECTED BY CHANDRAGUPTA
II VIKRAMADITYA (375414 AD) IN FRONT OF
A VISHNU TEMPLE COMPLEX
AT UDAYAGIRI AROUND 402 AD

TOMB OF ILTUMISH AND MADRASA

• THE CENTRAL CHAMBER IS A 9 MT. SQ. AND
HAS SQUINCHES
• THE MAIN CENOTAPH, IN WHITE MARBLE, IS
PLACED ON A RAISED PLATFORM IN THE
CENTRE OF THE CHAMBER.
• THE FACADE IS KNOWN FOR ITS ORNATE
CARVING, BOTH AT THE ENTRANCE AND THE
INTERIOR WALLS.
• THE INTERIOR WEST WALL HAS A PRAYER
NICHE (MIHRAB) DECORATED WITH MARBLE,
• AMALGAMATION OF HINDU MOTIFS INTO ISLAMIC
ARCHITECTURE, SUCH AS BELL-AND-CHAIN,
TASSEL, LOTUS, DIAMOND EMBLEMS.
ALAI DARWAZA ALAI MINAR
• IT IS LOCATED IN SOUTH DELHI, • ALAUDDIN KHALJI STARTED BUILDING
INSIDE THE QUTUB MINAR THE ALAI MINAR,
COMPLEX • TWO TIMES HIGHER THAN QUTB
• BEAUTIFUL AND ATTRACTIVE MINAR IN PROPORTION WITH THE
CARVINGS OF ISLAMIC ENLARGED MOSQUE
ARCHITECTURE • THE CONSTRUCTION WAS HOWEVER
• WHITE MARBLE AND RED ABANDONED, JUST AFTER THE
SANDSTONE. COMPLETION OF THE 24.5-METRE-
• UNIQUE SPECIMEN OF EARLY HIGH (80 FT)
TURKISH ART. • RED SANDSTONE AND RUBBLE
MASONRY
 GIYASUDDIN TOMB
• KNOWN AS FORTRESS TOMB
• BUILT BY GIYASSUDIN TUGHLAQ
• BUILT DURING THE YEARS 1320-25
• FORTRESS ENTRY IS LOCATED AT THE
SOUTHERN ENTRY AT TUGHLAQABAD FORT
• LINTEL AND BEAM CONSTRUCTION
• IRREGULAR PENTAGONAL PLAN
• HEAVILY BATTERED WALLS AND CORNER
TURRETS
• RED SANDSTONE STRUCTURE
• WHITE MARBLE AT UPPER PART
• IN THE MIDST OF ARTIFICIAL LAKE
• PLAN BASED ON SITE CONTOUR
• TOMB CONNECTED TO FORTRESS BY 228.6M
LONG CAUSEWAY BY 26 PIERS AND ARCHES
• THE BORDERLINE WALLS ARE INCLINED AND
HEIGHT 11.75 CM
• ARCH SHAPED CORRIDORS AND CONCAVE
CHAMBERS STRETCH ALONG THE INTERIORS
OF THE COURTS
 INTERIOR VIEW
GIYASSUDIN TOMB PLAN

PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF
GIYASSUDIN TOMB
SHISH GUMBAD
• TYPE - TOMB
• LOCATION - LODHI GARDENS
• BUILT - 1489-1517
• ARCHITECTURAL STYLE -
ISLAMIC AND HINDU
ARCHITECTURE
SHISH GUMBAD
• SQUARE SHAPE
• THE MAIN CHAMBER MEASURES 10 SQ
MTS
• COMBINATION OF BRACKET AND LINTLE
BEAM
• ARCHITECTURE IS A BLEND OF BASIC
AND HINDU ARCHITECTURE
• EXTERNALLY VISIBLE AS TWO FLOORS,
BUT ONLY IN ONE FLOOR
• THE WESTERN WALL CONSISTS OF
MIHRAB, WHICH IS ALSO SERVED AS A
MOSQUE
• THE CEILING DECORATED WITH PLASTER
WORK THAT CONTAIN QURANIC
INSCRIPTIONS AND FLORAL DESIGNS
• THE MONUMENT WAS ORIGINALLY
DECORATED WITH BLUE ENAMELLED
TILES THAT SHINE LIKE GLASS, HENCE
THE NAME SHISHA GUMBAD.
 KHIRKI MOSQUE
• BUILT BY THE GOVERNOR OF FEROZ
SHAH.
• KHIRKI MEANS WINDOW, THE MOSQUE
NAMED AFTER THE ARCHED WINDOWS ON
THE EXTERNAL FACADE.
• RECTANGULAR IN PLAN WITH RAISED
PLINTH AND CHAMBERS UNDERNEATH.
• THE MOSQUES COURTYARD WAS DIVIDED
IN TO FOUR PARTS BY ARCADES RUNNING
FROM EACH CARDINAL POINT FROM THE
MID OF SIDES.
• RUBBLE STONE MASONRY FINISHED WITH
STUCCO
• ROOFS ARE HAVING LOW DOMES RESTING
OVER COLUMNS AND ARCHES.
• FOUR CIRCULAR BASTIONS, ONE AT EACH
CORNER.
• THE PROJECTED ENTRANCE APPROACHED
THROUGH THE STAIRS AND FLANKED BY
BATTERED TURRETS.
• ORNAMENTATION WAS LIMITED ONLY TO THE
SIMPLE MOLDINGS.
• ON THE NORTH, SOUTH AND EAST ARE
PROJECTING DOMED GATEWAYS FLANKED BY
TAPERING MINARETS
• ON THE WEST IS THE CENTRAL MIHRAB.
• THE LOWER STOREY OR `TAHKHANA CONTAINS
OVER 100 VAULTED CELLS.
• THE UPPER STOREY CONTAINS POINTED ARCHED
WINDOWS (KHIRKIS) WITH PERFORATED SCREENS
THE OPEN COURTYARDS GIVE RISE TO
AN ELEGANT PLAY OF LIGHT AND SHADE
AS ONE WALKS THROUGH THE BAYS.

A PART OF THE NORTH EAST CORNER OF THE

MOSQUE HAS COLLAPSED.
PURANA QILA
• DELHI, INDIA, BUILT IN
BANKS OF YAMUNA
• ONE OF THE OLDEST FORT
• ALSO KNOWN AS
SHERFORT, SHERGARH
• BUILT UNDER HUMAYUN AT
HIS CAPITAL DINPANAH
THEN RENOVATED BY SHER
SHAH SURI AND HE
COMPLETED WALLS.
• ORIGINS LIE ANCIENT
RUINS OF INDRAPRASTHA.
QILA E KHUNA MAJID
 BARA DARWAZA

GATEWAYS
WALL HEIGHT-18M 1.5KM
THERE ARE THREE ARCHED GATEWAYS
• BARA DARWAZA (BIG GATE) FACING
WEST
• HUMAYUN GATE
• TALAQI GATE (FORBIDDEN GATE)

• ALL GATES ARE DOUBLE STOREYED,

FLANKED BY 2 SEMI CIRCULAR
BASTION TOWERS.
• INCLUDE OVER HANGING
BALCONIES(JAROKHAS) TOPED BY
ARED PAVILIONS (CHATTRIS).
• REMINISCENT OF RAJASTHANI
ARCHITECTURE.
• MATERIAL- SANDSTONE, QURTZITE,
TALAQI DARWAZA DECORATED WITH WHITE COLRED
MARBLE AND BLUE TILES.
 QILA E KHUNA MOSQUE

• SINGLE DOMED MOSQUE

BUILT BY SHER SHAH.
• EXTENSIVE USE OF POINTED
ARCH WITH TRUE HORSE
SHOE SHAPED ARCH.
• THE PRAYER HALL INSIDE
MEASURES 51.2mX40.9m
• HAS FIVE ELEGANT
MIHRABS IN WESTERN WALL.
• MARBLE IN SHADE OF RED,
WHIYE AND SLATE USED FOR
CALLIGRAPHUC INSCRIPTIONS
ON IWAN.
• SECOND STOREY PROVIDE
SPACE FOR FEMALE TO
PRAY.

MIHRAB WITH KHALASH PATTERN AND INLAY

DECORATION.
 SHER MANDAL

• CONSTRUCTED UNDER
HUMAYUN.
• DOUBLE STOREYED OCTOGONAL
TOWER OF RED SAND STONE
• TOWER TOPPED BY OCTOGONAL
CHATTRI, WITH EIGHT PILLAR
DECORATED WITH AHITE
MARBLE.
• BABUR ORDERD TO BUILT THIS
LIBRARY AND AS A PERSONEL
OBSERVATORY FOR HIS SON
HUMAYUN
• INSIDE THERE IS PLASTER
WORK AND STONE SHELVING.
 HAMMAM
• IS A BRICK STRUCTURED
BATH HOUSE.
• USED TERRACOTTA PIPES
AND RIBBED WATER
CHUTE.
• ROOM MEASURES 3.2 m
SQUARE ROOM
• HAS PROVISION FOR HOT
AND COLD WATER AND
SEPARATE STEAM ROOM.
THANK YOU
BY,
DISHAN P SHANKAR
FATHIMATHU NAJA
SA-ADA SHAFI
MONA AYISHA
RASHA K P
KAVYA
NEENA VARGHEESE
SARANG C
ANJANA VALSAN
MUBASSIR T
CHANDANA