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Self-Learning Kit
Science
Quarter 3 - Week 2

REA MAREZ L. AMPER

WRITER
Science – Grade 4
Self-Learning Kit
Quarter 3 – Week 2
First Edition, 2021

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government
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represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Development Team of the Module

Writer : Rea Marez L. Amper

Editors/Reviewers : Marlyn V. Canales, Marichel Dumayac,
: Rosemarie Lavador, Rose B. Ermita
Illustrator : Rea Marez L. Amper
Layout Artist : Joel R. Capuyan, Rea Marez L. Amper
Management Team : Leah P. Noveras P. Noveras, Ed.D., CESO VI
: Bernadette A. Susvilla, Ed.D., CESO VI
: Lilia R. Ybañez
: Marlyn V. Canales
: Reynilda G. Ramoneda
: Raymond L. Ceniza
: Joel R. Capuyan
: John Orven V. Saldana

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Region VII Schools Division of Danao City

Office Address: Sitio Upland, National Road, Danao City, Cebu
Telephone No. (032) 262-6211
Telefax: danao.city@deped.gov.ph
E-mail Address: depeddanaocity.com

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Note to the Learner

This Self-Learning Kit is prepared for you to learn the specified competencies
based on the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) for Science 4, Quarter 3,
Week 2. It is designed in a simplified structure to help you easily understand the lesson
for the week. It contains the following parts:

I Have Includes an activity that aims to check what you already

Known know about this lesson

I Can Consists of activities that will help you view the previous
Connect lesson and prepare you to the new one

I Can Details the presentation and discussion of the concepts

Learn that you need to learn in this new lesson

Comprises of activities for independent practice to check

I Can Try
understanding of the new concepts learned

I Can Contains exercises to validate your knowledge and

Assess understanding of the concepts learned

I Can Do Covers activities and exercises that you can do further to

More enrich your learning

Answer
Contains the key to correction of all the exercises
Key

Indicates the sources in the development of this Self-

References
Learning Kit (SLK)

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 Lesson Title Effects of Force on Objects: Push and Pull
Learning Explain the effects of force when applied to an object.
Competency
MELC Code S4FE-Illa-1

I Have Known

Directions: Read each item carefully and encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. What do you call the push or pull of an object?

A. Light B. Heat C. Force D. Energy

2. When an object is in motion, it changes in ___________?

A. Shape B. Color C. Size D. Position

3. Which of the following statements DOES NOT describe force?

A. It can start the motion of an object.
B. It can change the shape of an object
C. It can never affect any change to an object.
D. It can stop an object’s motion and change its direction.

4. Which of the following objects is easiest to move?

A. desk B. book C. Table D. chart stand

5. Which of the following activities applies a great amount of force to move?

A. Sitting on the bench C. Raising your hands
B. Pushing a heavy cart D. Sweeping the floor

6. What are the changes that the force can do to an object?

A. Change in shape C. Change in motion
B. Change in size D. All of the above

7. Which of the following may cause changes in the size and shape of an object?
A. scratching B. pushing C. plucking D. pounding

8. What do you think will happen when force is acted on an object?

A. The object will not move but will eventually evaporate.
B. The object will move, change its size, shape, and direction.
C. The object will not move but eventually melts.
D. No movement at all.

9. What will be the effect if you hardly push a raw egg directly on the floor? The eggs
will be _____.
A. not be broken. C. will melt
B. will harden. D. break into smaller pieces

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10. What can you infer with illustration being shown?
A. A toy car will stop as soon as you touch it.
B. A toy car will move even if you push it a little.
C. A toy car will not move even how hard you
push it.
D. A toy car will move even if you pull it.

I Can Connect

In the previous lesson you have learned all about the effects of force on an
object. Force is either a push or a pull on an object. It can be due to gravity, magnetism,
friction, or anything that might cause an object to move. Force can change the shape,
size, and movement of an object.

Force can change the shape and size like that of a baker making a dough. From
the mother dough the baker can vary the sizes and shapes of the dough he wanted to
be.

Force can also change the movement of an object like for example if you will kick
a ball, of course the ball will be redirected depending on where direction you are
kicking it. Therefore, due to force applied there is a change in the movement of a ball.

This lesson is a continuation on the effects of force on an object but this time we
will be focusing on the changes happening on an object when a force is being applied
in pulling and pushing.

So, let us get started and explore the effects of force as we push and pull objects!

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 I Can Learn

Look at the pictures. Can you tell what they are doing?

How did the baker change the shape of the

dough? What was the man doing with the wood?
How did the old man transport the groceries? What do they need to do their respective
tasks? What do you think are the effects if you pull and push an object?
In everything that we do we rely on force. We need force to do work, because
without force we cannot do anything in our life. Though we cannot see force, but we
can feel and see its effects on us and to the objects around us.

What were the activities that you do at home that needs force? Were you able
to tell what type of force was it?

What is Force?

Force is an important concept as it influences motion. It can be defined as an

interaction that changes the motion of an object if unopposed. But the simple definition
of the force is that it is the push or pull experienced by any object. Force is a vector
quantity, thus it has both magnitude and direction. Therefore, one must specify both the
direction and the magnitude to describe the force acting on an object.

Force is simply described as the push or pull of an object. Force can influence the
object to undergo changes in speed, direction or even change in shape.

Types of Force

By applying force, one can make an object at rest to move. This application of
the force can be done either by touching the object or by without touching the object.
Therefore, there are two types of forces; namely, contact force and non-contact force.

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1.Contact Force is the force that is applied on the objects by bringing them into
contact. There are three types of contact forces such as frictional force, applied force
and normal force. There are different types of forces that act upon us in our daily life.
We use force to move things in any directions (applied force) and a force to stop an
object from moving (friction). The normal force is the force that surfaces exert to prevent
solid objects from passing through each other. Normal force is a contact force. If two
surfaces are not in contact, they cannot exert a normal force on each other. For
example, the surfaces of a table and a box cannot exert normal forces on each other
if they are not in contact.

2. Non-Contact Force is the force which is applied on the body without coming in
contact is known as non-contact force. Gravitational force is an example of non-
contact force.

Force: Push and Pull

For instance, the force has been

defined as an interaction that changes
the motion of an object if unopposed.
When this statement is examined closely,
we see the role of push-pull in this. A force
that changes the direction of an object
towards you, that would be a pull. On the
other hand, if it moves away, it is a push. Sometimes, force is simply defined as a push
or pull upon an object resulting from the object’s interaction with another object.
Hence, any kind of force is basically a push or a pull. Spring and elastic are also types of
forces. The moment you push against it, it tends to resist and react or springs back with
the same magnitude.

Examples of Push and Pull

Push is defined as the force that is responsible for an object to move from the
state of rest. Examples include pushing the trolley, pushing of the car when it breaks
down, pushing the table from one place to another and many other which are not
mentioned here but need pushing to move.

The pull is defined as the force that is responsible for an object to move from the
state of rest but in the opposite direction when compared to the push. Examples are
pulling the curtain, dragging the box, opening of the door, pulling the rope in a tug of
war, drawing a bucket filled with water from a well and the action of lifting a bag, and
so many other that need pulling to move.

Whenever we consider a force in each scenario, it can act as an internal as well

as an external force depending on the system we have considered. This is how we have
introduced this topic from the basic and it emphasizes on the fact that we must be

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careful about the system chosen whenever we are labelling a force as an internal or an
external force.

Do Push and Pull Forces have effects on objects?

What makes things move and change? Does shape or weight affect movement?
Explore the pushes and pulls in our lives including air, gravity, and toys. Feel the strength
of water. Discover that air can push and can be used to fly and power rockets.

A. Force can make a stationary object move or make a moving object move faster.

Example is a toy car can be made to move by giving it a little

push. Similarly, a stationary football can be made to move by
giving it a small push or by kicking it.

2. Force can change the size and shape of an object. A push or a pull affects how an
object moves or changes shape and size.

When a force acts on an object, the object may change shape by bending,
stretching, or compressing - or a combination of all three shape changes. However, to
change the shape of a stationary object there must be more than one force acting to
do the following:

Bend an object's ends past each other, example when an Olympic diver stands
on the end of a diving board.

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Pull an object's ends apart, example when a rubber band is stretched.

Push an object's ends together, example when an empty drink can is squashed.

A change in shape is called deformation:

• elastic deformation is reversed when the force is removed

• inelastic
deformation is not fully reversed when the force is removed - there is a
permanent change in shape

A rubber band undergoes elastic deformation when it is

stretched when a force is applied, and it returns to its original
shape when the force is removed. A metal drinks can
undergo inelastic deformation when it is squashed or crushed
down.

3. Force can change the motion or movement of an object.

Pushing and pulling are kinds of forces motion and is a movement

that changes an object's position. Pushing or pulling forces can be used to change the
motion of an object. When force is applied, the object can start moving, stop
moving, change speed, or change direction.
The motion of an object acted on by a force depends partly on the strength of the push
or pull. The stronger the push or pull, the faster the
object will move. For example, the mother in the
picture is pushing his daughter in a swing. When
she uses more force to push, the swing moves
higher.

The motion of an object will not change if the forces pushing or pulling the
object are balanced. An object that is sitting still will stay still if the forces acting on it are
balanced. If an object is in motion, it will keep moving in the same direction and at the
same speed if the forces acting on it are balanced. Look at Diagram A, shown below.
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 Diagram A: Balanced Forces
These forces are balanced,
so the motion of the object stays
the same. The object in the
diagram could be sitting still, or it
could be moving. But its motion is
not changing. This is because the
forces acting on it from opposite
sides are exactly the same size.

An unbalanced force can

change an object's motion. An
unbalanced force acting on a still object could make the object start moving. An
unbalanced force acting on a moving object could make the object change direction,
change speed, or stop moving. Look at Diagram B, shown below.

Diagram B: Unbalanced Forces

Force 1 Force 2

__________________________
These forces are unbalanced, so the object moves to the right. In Diagram B,
Force 1 is a large force acting on the object by pushing the object toward the right.
Force 2 is smaller, and it is pushing on the object toward the left. Some of Force 1 acts
to stop Force 2 from moving the object. Since Force 1 is larger, there is still some force
left over. This leftover force makes the object start moving to the right. The red arrow
shows the direction of the object's new motion.

Let us look at another example. In the picture shows the two groups, Group A
and Group B are playing tug of war. Group A
is much stronger than Group B. Both groups
pull on the rope, but Group A pulls with a
greater force. How does the rope move?

A B

The rope moves toward Group A since they are stronger than Group B, and Group
A is pulling on the rope with a greater force.

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4. A force can change the direction of an object.

The force applied by kicking the ball can

change the motion of the ball.

According to Sir Isaac Newton, “Objects

that are at rest will remain at rest unless acted upon
by a force”. For example, if there is a ball placed
on top of a table if left alone, it will stay there. But if
somebody decides to push the ball, then it will roll
and may fall off the table.

If a force is applied on a moving object, the object will probably do one of the following:
• When the force applied is along the direction of the object, the object will speed
up (accelerate)

Force Exerted Direction of moving object Object

• When the force applied is opposite the direction of the moving object and is
enough it can stop the object’s motion.

Direction of moving object Object Opposite force exerted

• When the force applied comes from left or right of the moving object, it will
change its direction.
moving object
toward the
Direction

Direction of moving object Object

Forces can affect the objects around us. It can change the shape of an object.
It can start the motion of an object, change its direction, or used it to stop the object
from moving.

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 I Can Try

Let’s perform this:

A. Directions: Explain the effects of force on the shape of an object after doing the
activity.

Materials:
Plastic cup
Chocolate bar
Eggshells

What to do:
1. Observe each of the solid materials.
2. Place the materials on a flat surface
3. Using both of your hands, apply force on each material to change its shape.

What have you found out?

1. What happened to the plastic cup, chocolate bar and eggshells after you applied force on
it?
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Describe the changes on each material after force was applied?

• Plastic cup ___________________________________

• Chocolate bar ___________________________________
• Eggshells ___________________________________

3. What happens to an object if you put opposing forces on it?

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

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B. Directions: Explain the effect of force on the movement of an object after doing the
activity.

Materials:

Toy Car
Ruler/ tape measure/ pull-push roll/meterstick
Chalk/pentel pen

What to do:
• Select a flat surface in your area.

• Mark a starting point on the floor. Gently push the toy car with your hand.
Observe how far it moved. Measure the distance that it travelled.

• Bring the toy car again to the starting point and repeat step 2, but this time
push the toy car with a stronger force. Measure the distance it covered.

• Repeat step 1 and step 2 for two times with varying forces applied on the
toy car. Record your observations in your data table.

Trial # Distance Covered

1
2
3
4

1. How do you compare the movement or the motion made by the toy car when
pushed by the weakest/strongest force?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

2. Which degree of force applied made the toy car reached the farthest? Nearest?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

3. What do you think affects the movement or the motion of the toy car?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

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 I Can Assess

A. Direction: Box the picture that shows how force can change an object’s shape.

1. 2. 3.

4 5. 6.

B. Directions: Complete the table by filling in the appropriate data in each column.
The first one is done for you.
Object Force Change after Change after Force is
applied Forced is Applied released
1. squeezing sponge Push Change in size and Regain its size and shape
shape
2. tearing pieces of paper
3. using shopping cart
4. hammering a bar soap
5. kicking a ball

C. Directions: Write TRUE if the sentence is true about force and FALSE if not.

__________ 1. Force can make an object to move from rest.

__________ 2. We can’t use force to stop a moving object.

__________ 3. Force can change the direction of an object’s motion.

__________4. We can change an object’s shape without using force.
__________ 5. A force is a push or pull that acts on an object.

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 I Can Do More

Directions: Complete the Concept Map by filling in the correct answer.

Effects of Force: Push and

Pull

Note:
Box: effects of the Force applied
Lines: examples for each effect

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 13
I Can Try
A. 1. There was a change
in shape of each
objects when force
was applied.
2. Plastic cup- it has
changes in its size and
shape.
Chocolate
bar/eggshells- it was
broken down into
smaller pieces
changing it’s size and
shape. I Have Known
3. Applying two 1. c
opposing forces on 2. d
the object causes it to 3. c
change it’s size and 4. b
shape. 5. b
B. (Data on the table is 6. d
based on the child own 7. d
observations during the 8. b
experiment) 9. d
1. When pushing the car 10. b
using a less force it did not
travelled a far distance unlike
when pushing it with strong
force the toy car reached a
farther distance.
2. The stronger the force
applied the farther the toy
car’s travelled distance; the
weaker the force applied the
toy car will only reach near
distance.
3.The distance travelled by
the toy car was affected by
the amount of force excerted
on it to move.
Answer Key
I Can Do More
Effects of Force: Push and
Pull

Change in motion or
movement

Change in Size and Kicking a ball

shape Pushing a table
Pounding a chalk

Hammering a tin can

Change in Direction

Playing Tug of war

Batting a ball

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 References

• Abutay, L., et al, (2015). Science 4 Learner’s Material. Department of Education

• Balatbat, F.,et al,(2017). The New Science Links Worktext in Science and
Technology 4
• 4th Grade Science- Force and Motion Quiz
www.quizizz.com/admin/quiz/588e3ef4bdfc8e633e016c3/4th-grade-science-
force-motion-and-energy.html
• www.study.com/academy/practice/quiz-worksheet-force-motion-facts-for-
kids.html
• Force and Motion facts (Science 4)
www.sciencetrek.org/sciencetrek/topics/force_and_motion/facts.cfm
• Chopping wood image
https://www.google.com/search?q=a+person+chopping+A+WOOD&tbm=isc
h&ved=2ahUKEwjyh_TezfzuAhUE6pQKHYYyBQcQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=a+person+chopping+A+WOOD&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzoC
CABQy6UCWKTOAmDY7AJoAHAAeAKAAcEYiAG5bZIBETAuMy41LjEuMC4xLjEu
OS00mAEAoAEBqgELZ3dzLXdpei1pbWfAAQE&sclient=img&ei=oywzYLKqC4TU0
wSG5ZQ4&bih=657&biw=1366&rlz=1C1RLNS_enPH910PH910#imgrc=K8o2jCK01t
ToJM
• Baker image https://www.123rf.com/photo_36421903_baker-kneading-dough-
at-a-counter-in-a-commercial-kitchen.html
• Pushing a cart picture https://www.istockphoto.com/photos/elderly-man-
pushing-a-shopping-cart
• Balloon cliparthttps://www.dreamstime.com/illustration/blow-balloon.html
• Soccer Cliparthttps://clipartix.com/soccer-clip-art-image-13086/
• Chopping cliparthttp://clipart-library.com/clipart/252818.htm
• Baseball clipart https://webstockreview.net/explore/baseball-clipart-baseball-
player/
• Swimming clipart https://creazilla.com/nodes/36009-boy-is-swimming-clipart
• Bending a pipe clipart https://www.123rf.com/photo_7589007_muscular-asian-
construction-worker-bending-a-pipe-.html
• Sculpting clipart https://www.clipartkey.com/view/imwRbi_lift-high-the-cross-
person-sculpting-clipart/
• Drawing clipart https://www.dreamstime.com/illustration/kid-drawing.html
• Effects of a force- www.slideplayer.com / www.slideserve.com

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 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
DepEd – Danao City Division –Curriculum Implementation Division
Sitio Upland, National Road, Poblacion, Danao City, Cebu
Email Address: danao.city@deped.gov.ph
Website: depeddanaocity.com
Telephone No.: (032) 262-6211

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION VII
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF DANAO CITY

WEEKLY LEARNING PLAN IN SCIENCE GRADE 4

QUARTER 3-WEEK 2
Learning Competency/ies Explain the effects of force when applied to an object. S4FE-Illa-1
Learning Tasks/Learning
Resources
A. Teacher’s Tasks:
1. Perform daily routine
❖ Prayer
❖ Greetings
❖ Attendance Check
2. Administer pre-test
❖ Let the leaners answer “I Have Known”, (SLK pp.1)
3. Conduct review
❖ Review concepts on measuring volume of regular solids and liquids. Refer to “I
Can Connect”, (SLK p.2)
4. Deliver the new lesson
❖ Discuss the new lesson by following the activities found in “I Can Learn”, (SLK pp.
2-5)
5. Check learner’s understanding
❖ Let the leaners do activities in “I Can Try”, (SLK pp.5-7)
6. Validate learning
❖ Let the leaners answer “I Can Assess”, (SLK pp. 6-8)
7. Provide enrichment activity
❖ Let the leaners perform activities in “I Can Do More”, (SLK p.8)
B. Learner’s Tasks:
1. Answer “I Have Known”, (SLK pp.1) and check your answer. Refer to Answer Key p.14
2. Read and review concepts in “I Can Connect”, (SLK p.2)
3. Read and understand the new lesson presented in “I Can Learn”, (SLK pp. 2-4)
4. Do activities in “I Can Try”, (SLK pp.5-6). Check your work by referring to the answer key
found in p. 14
5. Answer “I Can Assess”, (SLK pp.6-7) and submit your answer sheet
6. Perform activities in “I Can Do More”, (SLK p.8). Check against the answer key on p. 9.

Prepared by:

REA MAREZ L. AMPER

Writer

Contact No: 09458208134

Email Account: reamarez.amper@deped.gov.ph
FB Account: Rea Marez
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