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History of Animation

The early history of animation began with the first animated films in the early 1900s. The first entirely animated film was Humorous Phases of Funny Faces in 1906 by J. Stuart Blackton. Émile Cohl created the first animated film using traditional hand-drawn animation techniques in 1908 called Fantasmagorie. Winsor McCay was a successful early animator, directing films like Little Nemo in 1911 and Gertie the Dinosaur in 1914, which was the first to combine live-action and animation. John Bray revolutionized animation through techniques like cel animation, where drawings were made on transparent sheets to composite over backgrounds.

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Shobhajit Chowdhury
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268 views2 pages

History of Animation

The early history of animation began with the first animated films in the early 1900s. The first entirely animated film was Humorous Phases of Funny Faces in 1906 by J. Stuart Blackton. Émile Cohl created the first animated film using traditional hand-drawn animation techniques in 1908 called Fantasmagorie. Winsor McCay was a successful early animator, directing films like Little Nemo in 1911 and Gertie the Dinosaur in 1914, which was the first to combine live-action and animation. John Bray revolutionized animation through techniques like cel animation, where drawings were made on transparent sheets to composite over backgrounds.

Uploaded by

Shobhajit Chowdhury
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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History of Animation- Beginning Part

The first entirely animated film, the 1906 Humorous Phases of Funny Faces by J.
Stuart Blackton—who is considered the father of American animation.
The first animated film created by using what came to be known as traditional
hand-drawn animation—the 1908 Fantasmagorie by Émile Cohl.
The French artist, Émile Cohl, created the first animated film using what came to
be known as traditional animation creation methods—the 1908 Fantasmagorie. The
film was created by drawing each frame on paper and then shooting each frame
onto negative film, which gave the picture a blackboard look.
The more detailed hand-drawn animations, were those directed by Winsor McCay,
a successful newspaper cartoonist, including the 1911 Little Nemo, the 1914 Gertie
the Dinosaur.
The most successful producer at the time was John Randolph Bray, who, along
with animator Earl Hurd, patented the cel animation process that dominated the
animation industry for the rest of the decade.
Charles-Émile Reynaud's Théâtre Optique is the earliest known example of
projected animation. It predates even photographic motion picture devices such as
Thomas Edison's 1893 invention, the Kinetoscope, and the Lumière brothers' 1894
invention, the cinematograph.
After the cinematograph popularized the motion picture, producers began to
explore the endless possibilities of animation in greater depth. A short stop-motion
animation was produced in 1897 by Albert E. Smith and J. Stuart Blackton called
The Humpty Dumpty Circus.
Stop motion is a technique in which real objects are moved around in the time
between their images being recorded, so that when the images are viewed at a
normal frame rate the objects appear to move by some invisible force.
In 1914, American cartoonist Winsor McCay released Gertie the Dinosaur, an
early example of character development in drawn animation. This scene made
Gertie the Dinosaur the first film to combine live action footage with hand drawn
animation. McCay hand-drew almost every one of the 10,000 drawings he used for
the film.
Also in 1914, John Bray opened John Bray Studios, which revolutionized the way
animation was created. Earl Hurd, one of Bray's employees patented the cel
technique. This involved animating moving objects on transparent celluloid sheets.
Animators photographed the sheets over a stationary background image to generate
the sequence of images. This, as well as Bray's innovative use of the assembly line
method, allowed John Bray Studios to create Colonel Heeza Liar, the first
animated series.
In 1915, Max and Dave Fleischer invented rotoscoping, the process of using film
as a reference point for animation. McCay did use some of the newer animation
techniques, such as cels over paintings.

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