AUTOPILOT

1. An inner loop control system is one in which:

a) auto stabilization is provided about a single axis

b) all three axes of movement in flight are sensed and the appropriate actuator is selected
c) only roll control can be achieved
d) a torque limiter controls the aircraft in pitch

2. An autopilot system:

a) must provide at least aircraft guidance functions

b) must provide at least aircraft stabilization functions
c) may provide automatic take off functions
d) must provide automatic take off functions

3. An automatic pilot is a system which can ensure the functions of:

a) piloting only
b) piloting and guidance of an aircraft in both the horizontal and vertical planes
navigation
c) piloting from take-off to landing without any action from human pilot

4. In a closed loop system a device in which a small input operates a large output in a strictly
proportional manner is called:

amplifier
auto-pilot
servomotor
servomechanism

5. During a CAT 2 approach, what is providing the height information to the auto-pilot?

Capsule stack
Radio altimeter
Captain's barometric altimeter
Central Air Data Computer
6. In an auto-pilot system, aircraft flight path modes include which of the following:

1) Pitch attitude holding

2) Horizontal wing holding
3) VOR axis holding
4) Inertial heading holding
5) ASI & Mach hold.
6) Yaw damper

1, 2, 4
1, 2, 5
2, 4, 6
3, 4, 5

7. Among the following functions of an auto pilot, those related to the airplane guidance are:

1) pitch attitude holding

2) horizontal wing holding
3) indicated airspeed or Mach number holding
4) altitude holding
5) VOR axis holding
6) Yaw damping

The combination regrouping all the correct statements is: 3, 4 and 5

8. The command functions of an autopilot include, among others, the holding of:

1) vertical speed
2) altitude
3) attitude
4) bank
5) heading

The combination which regroups all of the correct statements is: 1, 2, 5

9. In an auto flight system, modes for stabilizing the aircraft include which of the following:

1) Yaw damper
2) Pitch attitude holding
3) VOR axis holding
4) ASI & Mach hold.
5) Horizontal wing holding
6) Altitude holding

The combination regrouping all the correct statements is: 1, 2, 5

10. Among the following functions of an auto pilot, those related to the airplane stabilization are:

1) pitch attitude holding

2) horizontal wing holding
3) displayed heading or inertial track holding
4) indicated airspeed or Mach number holding
5) yaw damping
6) VOR axis holding

11. The combination regrouping all the correct statements is: 1 and 2

12. The auto pilot basic modes include, among other things, the following functions:

1) pitch attitude hold

2) pressure altitude hold
3) horizontal wing hold
4) heading hold

The combination regrouping all the correct statements is: 1, 3

13. During an automatic landing, from a height of about 50 ft the:

LOC and glide slope modes are disconnected and the airplane carries on its descent until
landing
auto pilot maintains an angle of attack depending on the radio altimeter height
glide slope mode is disconnected and the airplane continues its descent until landing
auto pilot maintains a vertical speed depending on the radio altimeter height

14. At 50 feet AGL during an auto-land, what happens to the glide slope signal?

is used until the nose landing gear touches the ground

is disconnected
is factored for range
is used to flare the aircraft

15. The control law of a transport airplane auto pilot control channel may be defined as the
relationship between the:

a) crew inputs to the computer and the detector responses (returned to the airplane)
b) computer input deviation data and the output control deflection signals
c) computer input deviation data and the signals received by the servo- actuators
d) input and output signals at the amplifier level respectively control deviation data and control
deflection signals

16. An automatic landing system necessitating that the landing be continued manually in the case
of a system failure during an automatic approach is called FAIL:

OPERATIONAL
REDUNDANT
SAFE
PASSIVE

17. In automatic landing mode, when the two auto pilots are used, the system is considered:

fail operational or without failure effect with function always ensured

fail soft or with minimized failure effect
fail passive or without failure effect but with disconnection
fail hard or with failure effect and disconnection
18. When an automatic landing I interrupted by a go-around:

1) the auto throttle reacts immediately upon the pilot action on the TO/GA (Take-off/Go-
around) switch in order to recover the maximum thrust
2) the auto pilot monitors the climb and the rotation of the airplane
3) the auto pilot retracts the landing gear and reduces the flap deflection in order to reduce the
drag
4) the pilot performs the climb and the rotation of the airplane
5) the pilot retracts the landing gear and reduces the flap deflection in order to reduce the drag

The combination regrouping all the correct statements is: 1, 2 and 5

19. If a Go-Around is initiated from an auto pilot coupled approach:

1) the auto throttle selects GA power as soon as the TOGA switch is pressed
2) the auto pilot carries out the climb
3) the auto pilot retracts flap and landing gear to reduce drag
4) the pilot carries out the procedure
5) the pilot cleans up (retracts flaps and raises gear)

The combination regrouping all the correct statements is: 1, 4 & 5

20. When air aircraft, operating in the VOR coupled mode, approaches the CONE OF
CONFUSION over a VOR station, the roll channel of the auto pilot:

temporarily switches over to the heading mode

is damped by a trim input signal from the lateral trim system
remains always coupled to the selected VOR radial
is temporarily disconnected

21. In an auto pilot slaved powered control circuit, the system which ensures synchronization:

is inhibited when the automatic pilot is engaged

intervenes only when the automatic pilot has been engaged
prevents un-commanded surface deflection when the automatic pilot is disengaged
can itself, when it fails, prevent the automatic pilot from being engaged
22. The auto pilot is engaged with no modes selected. What is the auto pilot providing:

wing leveling
altitude hold
attitude hold with auto trim
LNAV and VNAV

23. In a transport airplane, an auto pilot comprises, in addition to the mode display devices, the
following fundamental elements:

1) Airflow valve
2) Sensors
3) Comparators
4) Computers
5) Amplifiers
6) Servo-actuators

The combination regrouping all the correct statements is: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

24. When operating with the auto pilot in ALT hold mode what happens if the Captain's barometric
altimeter pressure setting is increased:

ALT hold disengages

Nothing
The aeroplane will climb
The aeroplane will descend

25. An autopilot is selected "ON" in mode "altitude hold", the pilot alters the barometric pressure
set on the sub-scale of his altimeter the:

aircraft will remain at the same altitude, the auto pilot takes its pressure information
from the static source
aircraft will remain at the same altitude, the auto pilot takes its pressure information from the
altimeter corrected to standard pressure 1013.25 hPa
aircraft will climb or descend in the sense of the change, the auto pilot takes its pressure
information from the altimeter
mode altitude hold will disengage
26. When the altitude acquisition mode is engaged on a jet transport airplane equipped with auto
pilot (AP) and auto throttle (ATS) systems the:

true airspeed (TAS) is maintained constant by the auto pilot by means of elevator
indicated airspeed (IAS) is maintained constant by the auto pilot by means of elevator
true airspeed (TAS) is maintained constant by the auto throttle system
indicated airspeed (IAS) is maintained constant by the auto throttle system

27. A pilot engages the control wheel steering (CWS) of a conventional autopilot and carries out a
maneuver in roll. When the control wheel is released, the auto pilot will:

restore the flight attitude and the rate of turn selected on the auto pilot control display unit
roll wings level and maintain the heading obtained at that moment
maintain the track and the flight attitude obtained at that moment
maintain the flight attitude obtained at that moment

28. What are the auto pilot minimum requirements in order to fly single pilot operations in IFR
conditions or at night?

Two axis auto pilot with altitude hold and heading hold
Two axis auto pilot with altitude hold, heading hold, VOR tracking and Alt acquire
Single axis auto pilot with Altitude hold only
Single axis auto pilot with Heading select and VS

29. In automatic landing mode, in case of failure of one of the two auto pilots, the system is
considered:

fail passive or without failure effect but with disconnection

fail survival or without failure effect with function always ensured
fail hard or without failure effect and disconnection
fail soft with minimized failure effect
30. If only a single A/P is used to climb, cruise and approach; following a failure of an inner loop
component:

it is fail passive with redundancy

it is fail operational and will not be disconnected
it is fail soft and will not disconnect
it is fail safe and will disconnect

31. When only one auto pilot is used for climbing, cruising and approach, the system is considered:

fail passive or without failure effect but with disconnection

fail soft or with minimized failure effect
fail survival or without failure effect with function always ensured
fail safe with failure effect without disconnection

32. An auto land system which can continue to automatically land the aircraft after a single failure
is called:

Fail passive
Fail Soft
Fail Safe
Fail active

33. An auto pilot system whereby if one A/P fails cannot carry out an auto land is called fail:

passive
safe
operational
redundant

34. Auto land flare is initiated at: 50 feet

35. In heading select the auto pilot delivers roll commands to the controls to bank the aircraft:

1) proportional to TAS, but not beyond a specified maximum

2) set bank of 27 degrees
3) set bank of 15 degrees
4) proportional to the deviation from the selected heading
 The combination regrouping all the correct statements is: 4, 1

36. In a selected axis capture mode, the autopilot gives a bank attitude input:

of a fixed value equal to 20o

of a fixed value equal to 27o
proportional to the deviation between the selected heading and the current heading but
not exceeding a given value
proportional to the aircraft true airspeed but not exceeding a given value

37. The control law in a fly-by-wire system is a relationship between:

how the pilot's control demands are translated into control surface movements
input and output at the amplifier level respectively control the deviation data
computer input deviation data and flap position modification
the versine signal between the ailerons and elevators

38. What is the purpose of the synchronization in an auto pilot.

1) prevents snatch on disengagement

2) prevents snatch on engagement
3) cancels rudder control inputs
4) may not allow the auto pilot to engage if unserviceable

The combination regrouping all the correct statements is:2, 4

39. The synchronization of the auto pilot control channel system:

1) enables the prevention of jerks during disengagement

2) enables the cancellation of rudder control signals
3) enables the prevention of jerks during engagement
4) functions in the heading, navigation, approach modes

The combination regrouping all the correct statements is: 3, 4

40. The auto synchronisation system does which of the following?

1) prevents snatching on engagement

2) prevents snatching on disengagement
3) cancels rudder input
4) works in climb, cruise and descent

The combination regrouping all the correct statements is:1, 4

41. The functions of an autopilot (basic modes) consist of:

monitoring the movement of the airplane centre of gravity

stabilising and monitoring the movement around the airplane centre of gravity
guiding the airplane path
stabilising and monitoring the movement around the airplane aerodynamic centre

42. The computers of the electrical flight controls system comply with programs defined by attitude
control laws such as:

1) on the longitudinal axis, the law may combine the load factor and the changes in the pitch
rate as control data sources
2) the trimming is automatic and ensures neutral stability
3) the protections apply to pitch and bank attitudes depending on the speed
4) these laws do not apply to the whole flight envelope

The combination regrouping all the correct statements is:1, 2, 3

43. When using the auto pilot, the function of the pitch channel automatic trim is to:

1) cancel the hinge moment of the elevator

2) ease as much as possible the load of the servo-actuator
3) restore to the pilot a correctly trimmed airplane during the auto pilot disengagement

The combination regrouping all the correct statements is: 1, 2 and 3

44. What does the auto pilot pitch/rotate around?

Centre of gravity
Maneuver point
Centre of pressure
Neutral point

45. The correction of the control surface deflection made by the automatic pilot calculator in order
to stabilize the longitudinal attitude will be all the more significant as the:

1) difference between the reference attitude and the instantaneous attitude is high
2) rate of change of the difference between the reference attitude and the instantaneous attitude
is high
3) temperature is low
4) pressure altitude is high

The combination regrouping all the correct statements is:1, 2

46. The correction of the control surface deflection made by the auto pilot calculator in order to
keep a given altitude will be all the more significant when the:

1) difference between the attitude necessary to keep the given or reference altitude and the
instantaneous attitude is high
2) variation speed of the difference between the attitude necessary to maintain the altitude and
the instantaneous attitude is high
3) difference between the altitude of reference and the instantaneous altitude is high
4) variation speed of the difference between the reference altitude and the instantaneous altitude
is high
The combination regrouping the correct statements is:1, 2, 3 and 4

47. When being engaged, and without selecting a particular mode, an automatic pilot enables:

aero plane stabilization with attitude hold or maintaining vertical speed and possibly
automatic trim
a constant speed on track, wings horizontal
all aero plane piloting and guidance functions except maintaining radio- navigation course lines
aero plane piloting and guidance functions
48. In the automatic trim control system of an autopilot, automatic trimming is normally effected
about the: pitch axis only

49. The engagement of an auto pilot is not possible when:

1) there is a fault in the electrical power supply

2) the controlled turn knob is not set to centre off
3) there is a synchronization fault in the pitch channel
4) there is a fault in the attitude reference unit

The combination regrouping all the correct statements is: 1, 2, 3, 4

50. From a flight mechanics point of view, the guidance functions of a transport airplane auto pilot
consist in:

monitoring the movements of the centre of gravity in the three dimensions of space (path)
stabilising and monitoring the movements around the aerodynamic centre
stabilising and monitoring the movements around the centre of gravity
monitoring the movements of the aerodynamic centre in the three dimensions of space (path)

51. (Refer to figure 022-42)The block diagram of an auto pilot is shown in the annex. For each
control channel (pitch, roll and yaw) the piloting law is the relationship between the deflection
of the control surface commanded by the computer (BETA c) and the:
 real deflection of the control surface (BETA control surface feedback)
offset EPSILON at the computer input
pilot command E
aircraft response S

52. The airspeed hold mode can be engaged and maintained during:

turns only
climbs and descents only
climbs, descents, and power changes only
climbs, descents, turns and power changes

53. What is the most basic function of an auto pilot?

altitude hold
heading hold
wing leveller
altitude and heading hold

54. A landing will be considered to be performed in the SEMI-AUTOMATIC mode when:

1) the auto pilot maintains the airplane on the ILS beam until the decision height is reached
then is disengaged automatically
2) the auto throttle maintains a constant speed until the decision height is reached then is
disengaged automatically
3) the auto pilot maintains the airplane on the ILS beam until the flare
4) the auto throttle decreases the thrust when the height is approximately 30 ft
5) the flare and the ground roll are performed automatically

The combination regrouping all the correct statements is: 1 and 2

55. A semi-automatic landing system disconnects itself automatically:

at the decision height

at approximately 100 ft
on ground
when going around
56. At what height during a semi-automatic landing is the auto pilot disengaged?

100 ft
45 ft
Decision height
14 ft

57. During a semi-automatic landing:

the A/P is disengaged at DH having followed the ILS

the A/T flies airspeed down to approximately 30 ft and automatically disengages
the A/P flies the approach and flare and roll-out
the A/T flies approach speed and disengages automatically at DH

58. A landing will be considered to be performed in the AUTOMATIC mode when:

1) the auto pilot maintains the airplane on the ILS beam until the decision height is reached
then is disengaged automatically
2) the auto throttle maintains a constant speed until the decision height is reached then is
disengaged automatically
3) the auto pilot maintains the airplane on the ILS beam until the flare
4) the auto throttle decreases the thrust when the height is approximately 30 ft
5) the flare and the ground roll are performed automatically

The combination regrouping all the correct statements is: 3,4,5

59. The auto pilot disconnects (or the auto land is completed) at: roll out

60. An automatic ILS approach can be flown only:

within a range of levels of turbulence and no limit for crosswinds

within a range of crosswinds and no limit for turbulence
within a range of crosswinds and levels of turbulence
without limits for crosswind or turbulence
61. The initiation of an automatic go-around can be:

at Vy +/- 5 kt only
with no limit of approach airspeeds
at 70 kt +/- 5 kt only
in a range of approach airspeeds

62. The sequence of the automatic landing comprises several phases (from final approach to touch
down) actuated by:

the distance left before the touch down zone

the altimeter set to the QNH
the radio altimeter
the DME (Distance Measuring Equipment) of the ILS (Instrument Landing System)

63. What is the purpose of a master caution light?

Draw the attention of pilot and crew

64. What is the purpose of the press to test function of an annunciator system?
Energizes all warning circuitry to confirm readiness

65. What is the purpose of an aural warning system?

They audibly inform the pilot of a situation requiring attention

66. What type of things would activate the aural warning system when preparing for takeoff?
A bell sounds if the throttle is retarded and the landing gear is not in a down and locked
condition.

67. What are the four basic components of an autopilot?

Sensing, computing, output, and command elements

68. Advanced autopilot systems contain a fifth component. What is it?

Feedback or Follow-up

69. What instruments make up the autopilot sensing elements?

Attitude, Directional Gyros, Turn coordinator, and Altitude Control

70. What is the purpose of the computing element?

Interpret the sensing element data, integrate commands and navigational input, and send
signals to the output elements
71. What makes up the output elements of the autopilot?
Servos

72. Which element of the autopilot system is considered to be the human element?
Command Elements

73. What is the primary purpose of an autopilot?

Reduce work strain and fatigue

74. What is the name given to a single-axis autopilot system?

Wing leveler Systems

75. Which flight control is controlled by a single-axis autopilot?

Ailerons

76. What controls are activated on a two-axis system?

Ailerons and Elevators

77. What is the basis of an autopilot system?

Error Correction

78. What controls are activated on a three-axis system?

Ailerons, elevators, and rudder

79. In what two ways do autopilot systems correct errors and return the aircraft to the desired flight
attitude?
Position Based, Rate Based

80. What is another way an EFIS system may be referred as?

Glass cockpit

81. What are the four basic modes of ECAM?

Flight phase, advisory, failure related, and manual

82. What makes up the flight phase?

Pre-flight, take off, climb, cruise, descent, approach, and post landing
83. Engine indicating and crew alerting system
EICAS

84. What is the main component of the FMS system?

Flight management computer

85. Flight Management System

FMS

86. How does a yaw damper work?

By deflecting the rudder slightly in flight as needed to control yawing in turbulence and to
eliminate the coupled roll/yaw dynamic condition known as Dutch roll. It also works
automatically to keep all turns properly coordinated between the roll and yaw modes.

87. Cable-actuated systems utilize?

Electric servo motors or electro-pneumatic servos

88. Hydraulic actuated flight control systems use what servo?

Electro-hydraulic autopilot servos

89. What does the AFCS do?

It enhances the stability and handling qualities of the airplane and provides autopilot
functions.

90. What flight instruments can be displayed on EFIS?

All basic flight instruments

91. Annunciator Panel

Displays information about the location and type of alarm

92. Landing Gear Warning System

Uses a warning horn or audible tone/voice to indicate an unsafe condition
Warns pilot during landing approach if gear is retracted