A Research
Report on Problems and Prospects of Garments in Bangladesh
Course Title : Research Methodology
Course Code : AIS – 4205
Submitted to : Sujan Chandra Paul
Assistant professor
Department : Accounting and Information systems
University of Barishal .
Submitted by
Student Name : Rana Mridha
Student ID : 16 AIS 059
Department : Accounting and Information systems
University of Barishal.
Date of Submission : 20 January, 2021.
th
Contents
Abstract.......................................................................................................................................................3
Introduction:...............................................................................................................................................3
Background of the Study:............................................................................................................................4
Objective of the Study.................................................................................................................................4
Research Questions.....................................................................................................................................4
Limitation of the study................................................................................................................................5
History of Garments Industry..................................................................................................................5
Methodology of the Study...........................................................................................................................7
The Study Area........................................................................................................................................7
Data Sources............................................................................................................................................7
Data Processing.......................................................................................................................................7
Prospect of Garments Sector in Bangladesh................................................................................................7
Market Diversification.............................................................................................................................8
Backward Integration..................................................................................................................................8
Flow of Investment..................................................................................................................................9
Problems of Garments Sector in Bangladesh..............................................................................................9
Raw Materials..........................................................................................................................................9
Unskilled workers..................................................................................................................................10
Improper Working Environment............................................................................................................10
Lack of Managerial Knowledge:.............................................................................................................10
Gendered Division of Labor...................................................................................................................10
Wages....................................................................................................................................................11
Unit Labor Cost......................................................................................................................................11
Working Hours.......................................................................................................................................11
Poor accommodation facilities..............................................................................................................11
Safety Problems.....................................................................................................................................12
Political Crisis.........................................................................................................................................13
Price Competitiveness...........................................................................................................................13
Recommendation......................................................................................................................................13
Policy Regime of Government...............................................................................................................13
Infrastructural Impediments..................................................................................................................13
Labor Productivity.................................................................................................................................14
Research and Training...........................................................................................................................14
Supportive Government Policy..............................................................................................................14
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................................15
References:................................................................................................................................................15
Abstract
The eliminate of the quantity is probably going to have specific essentialness for the fare of
Bangladesh clothes to the US market. MFA's effects are very little identified with an issue of our
$2 billion fares to the USA; or the $5 billion worth of fares made by Bangladesh universally. Or
maybe, it is an issue of how Bangladesh's whole economy will be influenced by the issue of
portion eliminate. RMG trades comprise about 75% of Bangladesh's yearly fare and give direct
work to 1.5 million females and by implication an extra 8 to 10 million individuals. The
worldwide dress exchange is developing consistently and that the eliminate of share limitations
and framing of exchange coalitions has become a reality. Also Bangladesh is shook by wild class
battles, fixated on the nation's piece of clothing industry. A huge number of laborers have
picketed, hindered streets, assaulted production lines and different structures, illustrated, battled
the police and revolted in the roads. Consistently comes information on new strikes in an
assortment of businesses — essentially the instant article of clothing (RMG) area, yet in addition
factory laborers, stream transport laborers, rail laborers, writers, speakers and educators. The
revolt started on 20 May2006 with piece of clothing laborers' strikes in the Bangladeshi capital
Dhaka — starting in few plants over issues including the capture of specialist activists and non-
installment of wages. By23 May 2006 this battle had been summed up, with activity at a lot
bigger number of processing plants and exhibits across the city.
Introduction:
The biggest modern area of Bangladesh is articles of clothing Industry. The historical backdrop
of articles of clothing industry in Bangladesh is anything but a more seasoned one rather it had
been eminent everywhere on the world from the period Mughal emporium. Dhakai muslin is as
yet in the brain of individuals. Particularly in the European market, it has all around the world
rumored and has well interest. For most recent 25 years Bangladeshi Garments Industry is the
biggest area with 5 billion unfamiliar monetary forms by trading pieces of clothing items. It
makes the work around 3 million laborers and 90% of them are ladies, which indeed helps in a
huge segment to work of ladies (Bangladesh Center for Worker Solidarity,2011 ) RMG area is
assisting with creating income of 6 billion dollar yearly for this non-industrial nation. This is the
single significant area of Bangladesh which is causing constantly to greater improvement of our
nation. This area is now treated with care by the public authority, yet by ongoing issues it is
demonstrated that this area isn't going properly. There is far better opportunity to build up the
area just as our nation, yet because of some unavoidable reasons, the area is currently imperiled
by different causes. Whatever, it's never so late to begin again. So if fitting concentrated
consideration for the area can be taken precisely from the present moment, this is a solitary area
can change the base of our nation.
Background of the Study:
RMG area is the biggest area of Bangladesh which is acquiring most elevated income
undoubtedly. Be that as it may, some new issues make this area brutal and instable. So I become
inquisitive to do additionally investigate with the goal that I can know for myself. Numerous
examinations have done over RMG area. Yet, at this moment, it's a basic circumstance that RMG
area will support or not. My primary reason to do the investigation is this just as it is a fractional
prerequisite for finishing my Bachelor of Social Science in Economics.
RMG involves a novel situation in economy of Bangladesh. Most recent thirty years this industry
faces gigantic marvel of development. From the beginning of 1978 with Reaz Garments, the
processing plant numbers are presently reached at 4825. The business normal development was
20% . Under the understanding of GATT named as Multi Fiber Agreement (MFA) to send out at
USA and EU, Bangladesh help with modest work cost, ready to contribute prominent financial
development. Its commitment to GDP arrives at 13% in financial year 2011-2012 (BGMEA-
2012). It had made business chance to fro 3.5 million individuals and 80% of them are ladies. So
it diminishes the nation a spot from the scourge of level of joblessness.
Objective of the Study
The target of the investigation is to examinations issues and prospects of RMG area at
Bangladesh. The expansive destinations of the investigation are as per the following
• To center over pieces of clothing enterprises' possibility.
• To discover the seriousness of RMG area.
• To examination the current issues.
• To characterize potential arrangements of above issues.
• To brief the current circumstances with legitimate information.
Research Questions
Nowadays A trade war is continuing between China and USA. They increase duty of products
each other. So many garments maker want to shift their industry third country. We can get a
chance to increase our industry
1)How can we expand our market in future?
2) How can we overcome our problems in garments industry in Bangladesh?
Limitation of the study.
current study is limited by a number of factors. First, the participants for FGD and KII have been
- al conveniently. Second, the list of questions for FGD and KII has been developed from the
scratch by :Researchers themselves. However, these limitations are not likely to invalidate the
conclusions. Thens are the following. First, the researchers will depend on both primary and
secondary sources. d. the primary sources have been bifurcated into managers of woven
garments companies in .:.Bangladesh, and industry experts. Third, the list of questions has been
checked for recasting by the ...invetosr of the course. The refinement of the list of questions
following the suggestions of such an expert_........" ""es the relevance and reliability of the
questions asked. Hence, these two approaches ensure cross- :..nion of information needed to
fulfill the objectives of the report.
History of Garments Industry
In the field of industrialization, the job of material industry is discovered extremely unmistakable
in both created and agricultural nations. Monetary history of Britain uncovers that in the
18thcentury the cotton plants of Lancashire guided the main modern unrest on the planet.
Additionally, during the most recent 200 years or more, numerous nations of the world have
utilized textileand dress industry as a motor for development and a reason for financial turn of
events (Ahmed 1991). Bangladesh has a long and renowned history of creating elite textures.
During the Mughal time frame (in the seventeenth and eighteenth century) Moslin at Dhaka was
a legend on the planet texture market. It was revered by individuals from imperial castles of
numerous nations of Asia and Europe. The exceptional craftsmanship of the craftsmans, the
modest work and privately created innovation were the premise of material industry of Bengal to
thrive for a few centuries before the British provincial standard. Andre Gunder Frank in this
association remarks, "Bengal once gave the existence blood of trade and modern entrepreneur
improvement in the city". Sadly the business didn't endure. The East India Company smothered
the fare of material from Bengal, regularly with draconian methods, at the command of British
makers of fabric who were reluctant to rival the less expensive and better material of Bengal
(Rashid, 1990). History is the clear of brutal endless supply of Moslin by the British
homesteader. The British settler even cut the fingers of skilled workers of Moslin and along these
lines bunged the greatness of fine material of Bengal. Then again, to guarantee the stockpile of
crude materials of material plants of Britain, they forced necessary indigo development upon the
ranchers of Bengal. The 'Nil Bidroho' (Revolution against mandatory development of indigo) in
mid 1860s by the agrarian class of Bengal was one of the significant shakes against British
Imperialism in India. In 1947, toward the finish of British standard in India, this piece of the sub-
landmass (present Bangladesh) was important for Pakistan. In spite of various dissimilarities
(having just closeness in religion) two pieces of Pakistan (West Pakistan-the principle land and
East Pakistan-present Bangladesh) began venture as a free nation suffering basically and
hypothetically wide hole. Despite the fact that Bangladesh was a rich land for jute and other
crude materials, industrialization didn't prosper here fundamentally on account of monetary
misuse and biased strategies of legislature of Pakistan (focused in West Pakistan). Actually, in
light of the crude materials of Bangladesh industrialization occurred in West Pakistan. The
accompanying table shows the distinction of West and East Pakistan regarding number of
material plants somewhere in the range of 1947 and 1971.
Writing Review: Many scientists dissected numerous parts of article of clothing industry in
Bangladesh. The principle issue of the piece of clothing industry in Bangladesh is working
condition on the grounds that a large portion of the laborers are female. The article of clothing
industry add to build up our financial condition Bangladesh article of clothing Manufactures and
fares Association showed their site that RMG area is the 81% trading procuring area of
Bangladesh which offers over 13.5% GDP(BGMEA).The possibilities for the pieces of clothing
industry in Bangladesh isn't certai. There are a few outer components that have been assuming a
significant job in encouraging the development of the secter.One of the factor is that China isn't
keen on pieces of clothing industry because of work deficiencies and higher wages(Dr M.
Habibur Rahma).The other factor for growthof our articles of clothing industry lies in the size of
worldwide market that is steadily becoming greater step by step. Despite the fact that the epic
development of our pieces of clothing industry is brigh, there are a few difficulties here.We trust
that we can be transformed into promising circumstances in the event that we are made
legitimate stride. We should make our processing plants more secure and guarantee better
working conditions for laborers. Muhammad Aminul Islam Khan has directed an examination
over Labor distress in the RMG area of Bangladesh: A Public-Private Cooperation Perspective.
The motivation behind this exploration was to discover the reasons of work distress at RMG
area. He found from the examination that the proprietors of pieces of clothing enterprises are not
all that warm about the works compensation and different advantages because of high stockpile
of work at extremely modest expense. Furthermore, he additionally questioned that unfamiliar
trick might be associated with the distress and striking issues of labor.For most recent 25 years
Bangladeshi Garments Industry is the biggest area with 5 billion unfamiliar monetary forms by
trading articles of clothing items. It makes the work around 3 million laborers and 90% of them
are ladies, which indeed helps in an enormous segment to work of ladies. RMG area is assisting
with producing income of 6 billion dollar yearly for this agricultural nation.
Methodology of the Study
The Study Area
The study mainly focuses on the different aspects of RMG sector like problems, prospects,
competitiveness and possible solution for the industries to make it strong and stable.
Data Sources
The study is descriptive in nature. It comprises of secondary data and information. In order to
achieve the objectives of the study, data have been collected from secondary sources.
Secondary data have been collected through surfing the internet, visiting BGMEA office, and
studying journals and books published by other authors who are related to my research.
Newspaper also helps a lot for collecting current situation of this industry.
Data Processing
After collecting and studying the data, the data were separated and through filtering the
relevance data has been added to the research so that it ensures to fulfill the purpose of this
research paper. Only the most recent date data has been added and also the out of validation
data has been filtered very carefully. So it enables the research paper a good one to have a
quick look over RMG sector at Bangladesh.
Prospect of Garments Sector in Bangladesh
Apart a few issues, the possibility of articles of clothing industry at Bangladesh are promising.
During the 1980s, there were just 50 production lines utilizing two or three thousand
individuals. As of now, there are 4490 assembling units. The RMG area contributes around 76
percent to the complete fare income. In 2007 it acquired $9.35 billion. This area additionally
contributes around 13 percent to the GDP, which was distinctly around 3 percent in 1991. Of
the assessed 4.2 million individuals utilized in this area, around 50% of them are ladies from
rustic territories. In 2000, the business comprising of exactly 3000 production lines utilized
straightforwardly more than 1.5 million laborers of whom practically 80% were female. USA
is the biggest merchant of Bangladeshi RMG items, trailed by Germany, UK, France and other
E.U nations. (BGMEA,2009-2010)key possibility for development of our piece of clothing
industry lies in the size of the worldwide attire market, which is slowly becoming greater. As
indicated by a new report, the worldwide clothing business sector will cross the $2 trillion
imprint by 2025 from the current estimation of $1.1 trillion. So there is an incredible open
door for us to additionally enter the worldwide clothing business sector and lift our fare profit.
Sources in the clothing area said India acquired $12 billion from attire sends out, while
Pakistan procured $3 billion, Sri Lanka $4 billion, Cambodia $2.2 billion, Vietnam $5 billion
and Nepal almost $1 billion a year ago.
The head of the summit exchange body of the area stated: "A more terrible circumstance has
incited me to ask the public authority and monetary organizations for giving delicate term
credits to the RMG exporters just to proceed with the laborers' compensation and along these
lines help endure the business."
A portion of these components are surveyed beneath.
Market Diversification
Bangladeshi RMG items are principally bound to the US and EU. Back in 1996-97,
Bangladesh was the seventh and fifth biggest attire exporter to the USA and European Union
separately. The business was effective in investigating the chances in business sectors from
EU and US. In FY07, an effective turnaround was seen in fares to third nations, which having
a negative development in FY06 rose three-crease in FY07, which assisted with recording 23.1
percent generally speaking fare development in the RMG area (Financial Year Record 2006-
2007, BGMEA). It is foreseen that the pattern of market broadening will proceed and this will
assist with keeping up the development force of fare income. Simultaneously a new WTO
audit brings up that Bangladesh has not had the option to abuse completely the obligation free
admittance to EU that it appreciates. While this is brought up to be because of rigid guidelines
of cause (ROO) standards, the general stagnation in fares to EU requires further investigation.
Backward Integration
If Bangladesh wants to enjoy increased market access created by the global open market
economy it has no alternative but to produce textile items competitively at home through the
establishment of backward linkage with the RMG industry
Flow of Investment
It is unsurprising that homegrown business people alone will be unable to build up the material
business by setting up current factories with sufficient ability to satisfy the developing RMG
need. It is imperative to have critical progression of venture both as far as money and innovation.
The speculation viewpoint in this area is empowering, despite the fact that the vulnerabilities
before the MFA eliminate period caused a drowsy venture situation. To some extent the energy
in the post-MFA eliminate period is characteristic of the endeavors in progress towards limit
working through in reverse coordination. This is apparent in the speed of loaning to the RMG
area and in the rising import portion of RMG related apparatus. Anyway further advancement
would be important to improve and support intensity on a worldwide scale.
As Least Development Country (LDC) Bangladesh has obligation free admittance to worldwide
market for article of clothing items. This preferred position may quicken development and
development of Bangladeshi articles of clothing industry.
Ø Bangladeshi article of clothing items are being sent out various nations. Its fare is expanding
overall step by step.
Ø Bangladeshi piece of clothing industry is a lot of skilled to guarantee appropriate nature of the
item according to necessity of the worldwide purchasers of the global article of clothing market.
Ø Increasing work cost everywhere on the world. Be that as it may, Bangladeshi piece of
clothing area work cost is similarly modest; accordingly Bangladeshi pieces of clothing items
might be satisfied Global interest.
Problems of Garments Sector in Bangladesh
We face some problems in garments sector. These problems are following
Raw Materials
Bangladesh has to import the necessary raw materials for garments like cotton, thread, color etc.
It’s well known that dependence on raw materials from import is a reason for hampering the
development of the industry. Beside this, if foreign suppliers are supplying low quality results in
low quality products.
Unskilled workers
Most of the women are illiterate who are being employed at garments. So they are unskilled and
often the reason for lower in quality of the products, creating problems while implementing any
new concept from root level and others problems also.
Improper Working Environment
Most of the workers in our country are poor and living under poverty line. The owners are taking
this as an advantage and forced them to work in unsafe and unhealthy work place overcrowded
with workers beyond capacity with improper ventilation. The garments factories are not building
up with proper facilities. Garments workers sweat their brows from morning to evening to earn
foreign currencies for our countries. But the working environment is very poor and unhealthy.
It’s really hampered the production quality and often the impression if any buyers are coming to
visit the factories. Also the problems must focus are improper ventilation, stuffy situation, filthy
rooms. These are the characteristics of the majority of our factories. It is happening as because
the owners’ first priority is the profit and it’s becoming so high that sometimes they are not even
caring about their lives. Rana Plaza and Tazreen Garments is the most recent example of their
greed.
Lack of Managerial Knowledge:
There are some other problems which are associated with this sector. Those are- lack of
marketing tactics, absence of middle management, a small number of manufacturing methods,
lack of training organizations for industrial workers, supervisors and managers, autocratic
approach of nearly all the investors, few process units for textiles and garments, sluggish
backward or forward blending procedure, incompetent ports, entry/exit complicated and
loading/unloading takes much time, time-consuming custom clearance etc.
Gendered Division of Labor
Tasks are allocated largely on the basis of gender. This determines many of the working
conditions of women workers. In sewing section all are women on the other hands, cutting,
ironing and finishing sectors are men. Varieties of women working place is low. Women work
mainly as helpers, machinists and less frequently, as line supervisors and quality controllers.
There are no female cutting masters. Men dominate the administrative and management level
jobs. Women are discriminated against in terms of access to higher-paid white collar and
management positions.
Wages
For various categories of workers Bangladesh Government sets minimum wages. According of
Minimum Wage Ordinance 1994, apprentices’ helpers are to receive Tk500 and Tk930 per
month respectively. Those who work under garments industry less than three months are known
as apprentices. After 3 months they are appointed as helper. But the female helpers are
discriminated while set the wages. The wages is fixed far below level than minimum wage set by
the government. A survey conducted in 2008 showed that 73% of female helpers, as opposed to
15% of their male counterparts, did not receive even the minimum wage.
Unit Labor Cost
In south Asia, Bangladesh has the cheapest labor cost. It costs only 11 cents to produce a shirt in
Bangladesh, whereas it costs 79 cents in Sri Lanka and 26 cents in India. So the comparative
advantage of Bangladesh is cheapest labor costs actually. (Competitiveness of the Bangladesh
Ready-made Garment Industry in Major International Markets by Mohammed Ziaul Haider,)
Working Hours
Through the wages are low, but working hours are very long. The RMG section claims to operate
one eight-hour shift six days a week. But it often seems that those workers are working more
than 16 hours each day and have no break or off day in a week.
Poor accommodation facilities
Most of the garments workers are coming from poor family and remote areas, so they need to
rent a place near factory, stay together 4-5 persons in a room which is not so healthy for living
condition. For four to five workers there is one common latrine and a kitchen for which they
have to pay from Tk. 2000 to Tk. 2500. (A survey done at 2012 under the topic, Livings of RMG
labors).
Safety Problems
The processing plant the executives frequently keeps the entryways bolted due to wellbeing
reason and security. In any case, the misfortune is this bolted door turns into the explanation of
misfortune like Tazreen articles of clothing. Guaranteeing security for the laborers is basic for all
associations. Some significant reasons for mishaps are given beneath which demonstrates the
wellbeing issues are as per the following:
Courses are hindered by capacity materials
● Machine format is regularly stunned
● Lack of signage for get away from course
● No arrangement for crisis lighting
● Doors, opening along get away from courses, are not fireproof
● Doors are not self-shutting and regularly don't open along the heading of getaway
● Adequate entryways just as sufficient flights of stairs are not given to help snappy exit
● Fire exit or crisis flight of stairs needs appropriate support
● Lack of legitimate leave course to arrive at the spot of wellbeing
● Parked vehicles, merchandise and trash outwardly of the structure hinder ways out to the
outside
● Fire in a Bangladesh processing plant is probably going to spread rapidly on the grounds that
the rule of compartmentalization is rehearsed.
Political Crisis
Political Crisis is another large issue on the way to development for RMG sector. Due to political
instability and too much strike and other purposes, aggregate economy goes down, hampers the
shipment process, miss-management the time of delivery, in situational cases international
buyers often take back their orders to other countries. In some cases interested Foreign Direct
Investment get out of the country. Not only for RMG but due to any sector of businesses political
stable is too much essential.
Price Competitiveness
China and some other competitors of Bangladesh have implemented sharp price cutting policies
in exporting garment products. China was able to reduce the price nearly 3 dollars in a
systematic manner, whether Bangladesh is only reducing the price through depriving the labors.
Recommendation
Policy Regime of Government
Government of Bangladesh has played an active role in designing policy support to the RMG
sector that includes back-to-back L/C, bonded warehouse, cash incentives, export credit
guarantee scheme, tax holiday and related facilities. At present government operates a cash
compensation scheme through which domestic suppliers to export- oriented RMG units
receive a cash payment equivalent to 5 percent of the net FOB value of exported garments. At
the same time, income tax rate for textile manufacturers were reduced to 15 percent from its
earlier level for the period up to June 30, 2008. The reduced tax rates and other facilities are
likely to have a positive impact on the RMG sector.
Infrastructural Impediments
The existence of sound infrastructural facilities is a prerequisite for economic development. In
Bangladesh, continuing growth of the RMG sector is dependent on the development of a
strong backward linkage in order to reduce the lead time. However, other factors constraining
competitiveness of Bangladesh’s RMG exports included the absence of adequate physical
infrastructure and utilities.
Labor Productivity
The productive efficiency of labor is more important determinant for gaining comparative
advantage than the physical abundance of labor. In Bangladesh, the garment workers are
mostly women with little education and training. The employment of an uneven number of
unskilled labors by the garment factories results in low productivity and comparatively more
expensive apparels. Bangladesh labor productivity is known to be lower when it compared
with of Sri Lanka, South Korea and Hong Kong. Bangladesh must look for ways to improve
the productivity of its labor force if it wants to compete regionally if not globally. Because of
cheap labor if our country makes the labor productivity in the apex position, then we think the
future of this sector is highly optimistic.
Research and Training
The country has no dedicated research institute related to the apparel sector. RMG is highly
fashion oriented and constant market research is necessary to become successful in the
business. BGMEA has already established an institute which offers bachelor’s degree in
fashion designing and BGMEA is planning on setting up a research and training institute.
These and related initiatives need encouragement possibly intermediated by donor-assisted
technology and knowledge transfer. A facilitating public sector role can be very relevant here.
Supportive Government Policy
In contrast to the public sector-led import-substituting industrialization strategy pursued during
the first few years after independence, the industrialization philosophy of the government
changed rather dramatically from the late 1970s when the emphasis was on export-oriented
growth to be spearheaded by the private sector. Towards this end, various policy reforms were
implemented in the 1980s and 1990s. Some of these reformed policies contributed
considerably to the growth of the RMG industry in Bangladesh.
During the 1980s, a number of incentives were introduced to encourage export activities. Some
of them were new like the Bonded Warehouse Facility (BWF), while others like the Export
Performance License (XPL) Scheme 37 were already in operation and were improved upon.
Conclusion
Bangladesh is the best positioned for material and articles of clothing industry because of
modest work and great exchange status. Bangladesh has procured almost $8 billion by sending
out piece of clothing items, mostly to Europe and the United States. This is around 75 percent
of complete fare income of the nation. The RMG business has around 4,250 units the nation
over. It utilizes in excess of 2 million specialists, the vast majority of whom are helpless
ladies. At whatever point the nation is scrutinized for its significant level of debasement and
fierce governmental issues, its article of clothing industry is held up as an example of
overcoming adversity. After the finish of the Multi-Fiber Agreement toward the start of 2005
and the changeover to the new World Trade Organization system, it was expected that the
Bangladesh's thriving material industry would endure as it would lose business to nations like
China and India. Be that as it may, luckily for Bangladesh, so far this expectation has been
refuted. Indeed, the business has kept on developing at a sound pace of 20%. In any case, this
doesn't demonstrate that the Bangladesh article of clothing industry has gotten more serious.
References:
Cited by Haq, M. Emdadul in “Industrial Revolution, Democracy and Contemporary
Bangladesh”
Source: First five- year plan (1973-78)
(Mellon and Stern, 1991).
Source: Annual Report of BGMEA (04-04-2013)
Rashid, 1990 The Glorious History of Bangladesh Cloth, period East-India Company.
RMG export earnings report 1978-79
Bangladesh Centre for Worker Solidarity, 2011
BGMEA, 2009-2010, data collected to measure the prospect.
Financial Year Record 2006-2007, BGMEA.
BGMEA and the Export Promotion Bureau websites; and Quddus and Rashid, 2000
Haider(2006) RMG Competitiveness of Bangladesh
American Textile Manufacturers Institute, 2003
