JMJ Marist Brothers

NOTRE DAME OF MARBEL UNIVERSITY

Koronadal City

COLLEGE OF LAW

COURSE SYLLABUS FOR CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 11

COURSE TITLE & CODE Constitutional Law 1 (Law 103)

COURSE UNITS & TYPE 3 units; Regular & required
PROFESSOR’S NAME & Atty. GERARD A. MOSQUERA, LLM, MPA
CONTACT INFORMATION Dean, CL-NDMU/Former Deputy Ombudsman-Luzon
Cellphone No._____________/Email:_____________

Atty. PAISAL D. TANJILI

Director Academics, NDMU-CL; Chairman, NDMU
BOT
Private Law Practitioner & Legal Consultant
Cellphone No.___________/Email:________________

SCHEDULE/ROOM 6:30PM-9:30PM/Tuesday (JD 1- Sanchez Roman)

Graduate School Function Hall (GSFH)
6:30-9:30PM/Monday (JD 1- Manresa), Alumni
Center (AC)
PRE-REQUISTES None
TEXT & MATERIALS a. BERNAS, the 1987 Philippine Constitution: A
Commentary
b. CRUZ, Political Law
c. SUAREZ, Principles, Comments, and Cases in
Constitutional Law
d. YU, Fundamentals of the 1987 Philippine
Constitution Vol. I/II
e. 1987 Philippine Constitution
f. Philippine Law Journal; Ateneo Law Journal; IBP
Journal
g. Revised Rules of Court of the Philippines
h. Civil Code of the Philippines

COURSE DESCRIPTION A survey and evaluation of basic principles dealing

with the structure of the Philippine Government
under the 1987 Constitution including Philippine
constitutional history, the amendment process,
judicial review, the State, citizenship and the
interplay of various constitutional organs and
offices.

COURSE OBJECTIVES & Students are expected to gain knowledge and a

ANTICIPATED deepen understanding of the laws governing
LEARNINGS political structure of the Philippines. Upon
completion of the course, students will be able to
critically analyze Political law and its subdivisions,
problems in the elements of the state, the inter-
play of the powers of the main branches of the
government, the role of constitutional

1
Subject to change on recent developments in applicable jurisprudence and laws

1
 commissions, and the intricacies of the amending
process. At the end of the class, students are
similarly expected to understand the importance
and legal significance of constitutional litigation.

FORMAT OVERVIEW/ Course material will be presented in a lecture-

METHOD OF discussion and Socratic method format. Students
INSTRUCTION should brief themselves of all assigned cases, and
carefully read all other assigned materials. Class
participation may include recitations and
occasional short written essays in class or assigned
ahead and presented in class in response to
questions about the readings and class
discussion. A term paper maybe had. This is to
develop the students’ power of analysis, reasoning
and facility of expression.

EXAMINATIONS The Law school holds two examinations for the

entire course in a semester: Mid-Term & Final
Examinations. These are conducted mostly in essay
type system and are given in the same semester.
Except for highly meritorious cases and as
approved by the Dean, no special exam will be
given and a No-Permit No Exam policy will be
strictly implemented. In between, students are
expected to have positive output in the following
undertakings:
a. Oral recitations
b. Assignments/seatwork, digests, academic
papers/written or class presentation, and/or
quizzes

GRADING/ASSESSMENT Students are gauge on two examinations and class

CRITERIA performance for their final standing:
a. Mid-Terms Exam- 1/3
b. Class recitation (oral recitation, assignments,
digest, presentation, digests, paper, seatwork, &
quizzes)- 1/3
c. Final-Exam- 1/3
ATTENDANCE & OTHER
POLICIES a. Regular and punctual attendance is essential
for the successful completion of a law degree
and any program in the law school. 30 minutes
late is equivalent to 1 absence in a given class
period and absences should not exceed three
times the number of units in a course. Students
should plan to attend and complete every
course for the entire class hours or sessions
during the semester. Roll will be taken each
class or session. Make-up maybe scheduled as
necessary only. Classes re-scheduled or delayed
due to the policy of the law school or state-
sanctioned holidays are considered regular
classes. Students failing to complete or
exceeding the absence limits shall be dropped

2
 from the course.
b. For assigned cases, the original texts should
and must always be read.
c. Save other policies of the Law school as spelled
in the manual, closed books/notes and should
stand while reciting or asking questions;
coaching is strictly prohibited where all parties
involved get a failing mark; phone should be
turned off or placed in a silent mode; a student
who is called for recitation when absent fails,
unless the absence is excused by the Dean for
which case she/he maybe given a chance.
d. All assignments are mandatory and must be
turned in on time following the specific
instructions of the Professor;
e. Academic Honesty: all academic presentation is
expected to be the student’s own original work.
Plagiarism will merit a falling grade, subject to
such other administrative sanctions set by the
law school and the university;
f. Collaboration on assignments is strictly
prohibited unless explicitly necessary in a given
project or assignment or permitted by the
professor/instructor. When collaboration is
permitted, students must acknowledge all
collaborations and its extent in all submitted
work;
g. Dress code should be strictly observed during
class sessions.

ASSIGMENTS/TOPICS MID-TERMS
[to be divided by I. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS:
weeks] A. Political Law Defined- MACARIOLA V.
ASUNCION, 5/31/82
B. Constitutional Law Defined/Distinguished
from PolLaw-MMDA V. VERON, 8/15/07
C. Constitution Defined-Types/Kinds

II. BACKGROUND OF THE 1987

CONSTITUTION:
A. The Feb. 1986 Revolution and the
Proclamation of the Provisional
Constitution
 Proclamation No. 1, 2/25/86 [Prov’l
Gov’t]; Proc. No. 3, 3/25/86 [Prov’l Cons]
 LAWYERS LEAGUE V. AQUINO, 5/22/86;
IN RE: BERMUDEZ, 145 SCRA 160
[1986]; LETTER, 210 SCRA 589 [1992]
B. Adoption and Effectivity of the Present
Constitution
 Art. V, Provisional Const; Sec. 27, Art.
XVIII, 1987 Const; Proc. No. 58, 2/11/87;
DE LEON V. ESGUERRA, 8/31/87; IN RE:
SABIO 10/17/06
 Compare with the effectivity of Laws-
TAÑADA V. TUVERA, 4/24/85 & 12/19/86;

3
 E.O. No. 200, 6/18/87; Art. 2, Civil Code
of the Phils.; FARIÑAS V. EXEC 12/10/03;
SENATE V. ERMITA 4/20/06; NERI V.
SENATE 3/25/08 & 9/4/08; PIMENTEL V.
SENATE, 3/8/11; ASSO. V. ENERGY,
9/18/12; COJUANGCO V. RP, 11/27/12;
NAGKAKAISANG V. MILITARY, 6/5/13;
CAWAD V. ABAD, 7/28/15; VILLANUEVA
V. JBC, 4/7/15

III. JUDICIAL ELABORATION OF THE

CONSTITUTION:
A. Construction & Supremacy- MANILA
PRINCE V. GSIS 2/3/97; FRANCISCO V.
HOUSE, 11/10/03; PAMATONG V. COMELEC
4/13/04; TONDO V. CA 7/17/07; DE
CASTRO V. JBC, 3/17/10; ESPINA V.
ZAMORA, 9/21/10
B. The Doctrine of Separation of Powers &
the Theory of Judicial Review- SORIANO V.
LAGUARDIA, 4/29/09; THE PROV. V. THE
GOV’T, 10/14/08; COCOFED V. RP, 9/17/09;
ANGARA V. ELEC COMM 7/15/36; PEREZ V.
PEOPLE 544 SCRA 532 [2008], AQUINO III
V. COMELEC, 4/7/10 & BIRAOGO V. THE
PHIL., 12/7/10- presumption of
constitutionality; ALDABA V. COMELEC,
3/15/10; SALCEDO V. BOLOJOS, 7/5/10;
tests/standard/Approaches on application
of the presumption of constitutionality-
GARCIA V. DRILON, 6/25/13 [concurring
opinion, J. Brion]
C. Conditions for the Exercise of Judicial
Review-AUTO. V. ROMULO 1/18/05;
ESTARIJA V. RANADA 6/26/06; SENATE V.
ERMITA 4/20/06; ANAK-MIN V. EXEC.
8/29/07; AKBAYAN V. AQUINO 7/16/08;
ABAKADA V. PURISIMA 8/14/08; FUNA V.
ERMITA, 2/11/10; BIRAOGO V. THE PHIL.,
12/7/10; FORTUN V. MACAPAGAL, 3/20/12;
BELGICA V. OCHOA, 11/19/13; BANKERS V.
COMELEC, 11/26/13; IN RE: SAVE THE
SUPREME COURT, 1/21/15
D. Functions of Judicial Review- JAVIER V.
COMELEC 144 SCRA 194 [1986]; ABS-CBN
V. COMELEC 1/20/00; CENTRAL BANK V.
BSP 12/15/04; GUDANI V. SENGA 8/15/06;
ALDABA V. COMELEC, 1/25/10; MBTC V.
REYNALDO, 8/9/10
E. All Courts can Exercise the Power of
Judicial Review- YNOT V. IAC 3/30/87;
MIRASOL V. CA, 2/1/01; EQUI-ASIA V. DEPT,
9/19/06; PLANTERS V. FERTIPHIL, 3/14/08;
GARCIA V. DRILON, 6/25/13

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 F. Collateral attack on constitutionality of a
law- VIVAS V. MONETARY, 8/7/13; LAUDE V.
GINES-JABALDE, 11/24/15
G. Effects of Declaration of
Unconstitutionality- Art. 7, Civil Code;
FLORES V. DRILON 6/22/93; LOKIN V.
COMELEC, 6/22/10; LEAGUE OF CITIES V.
COMELEC, 8/24/10; FRANCISCO V. TOLL,
10/19/10; CHAVEZ V. JBC, 4/16/13;
ARAULLO V. AQUINO, 2/3/15
H. Political Question # Justiciable Question-
OPOSA V. FACTORAN 7/30/93; GARCIA V.
CORONA 12/17/99; VELARDE V. SJS
4/28/04; VINUYA V. ROMULO, 4/28/10;
DIOCESE V. COMELEC, 1/21/15

IV. PHILIPPINE STATE

A. State Defined-Elements; COLLECTOR V.
CAMPOS RUEDA 42 SCRA 23 [1971]
B. Territory- The Archipelago Concept; Art. 1,
1987 Constitution
1. The Philippine Archipelago- REAGAN V.
CIR, 12/27/69; PEOPLE V. GOZO,
10/26/73; Article: “A Framework for the
Study of National Territory: A Statement
of the Problem”, by MM Magollona, IBP
Journal, Pp. 1-27, Vol. 33, No. 2, 9/2008
a. Treaty Limits-Art. III, Treaty of Paris,
12/10/1898; Treaty of Washington
between Spain & US 11/ 7/1900;
Treaty between the US and GB
1/2/1930
b. Methods of Determining Baselines-
RA No. 3046, 6/17/61; RA No. 5446,
9/8/68; RA No. 9522, 3/10/09;
MAGALLONA V. ERMITA, 8/16/11
2. Other Territories over which the
Philippines have Sovereignty or
Jurisdiction- PD No. 1596, 6/11/78
[Kalayaan Islands]; Scarborough Shoal;
Article: Kalayaan Islands by Amb.
Pacifico Castro, Lawyer’s Review, Page
4, 12/31/99
3. The territorial Sea, the Sea Bed, the
Subsoil, the Insular Shelves and other
Submarine Areas
4. Two Hundred-Mile Exclusive Economic
Zone-PD No. 1599, 6/11/78; UN
Convention on the Law of the Sea,
4/30/82
C. People
1. Meaning of “People”
a. Inhabitants- Secs. 15 & 16, Art. II;
Sec. 2, Art. III; and Sec. 1, Art. XIII,
1987 Const; QUA CHEE GAN V. DEP.
BOARD 9/30/63

5
 b. Citizens- Preamble; Secs. 1 & 4, Art.
II; and Sec. 7, Art. III, 1987 Consti
c. Electors- Sec. 2, Art. VI; Sec. 4, Art.
VII; and Sec. 25, Art. XVIII, 1987
Const
2. Citizenship
a. Importance- LEE V. DIR., 10/3/01;
MABANAG V. REGISTER, 3/29/10
b. Who are Philippine Citizens-
7/1/1902 Philippine Bill; Sec. 1, Art.
IV, 1987 Const; TECSON V. COMELEC
3/3/04; RP V. CHULE LIM, 1/13/04;
GONZALES V. PENNISI, 3/5/10
c. Election of Philippine Citizenship- CA
No. 625, 6/7/41; IN RE: CHING
10/1/99; RP V. LIM 1/3/04; MA V.
FERNANDEZ, 7/26/10; RP V. SAGUN,
2/15/12 [Legitimate child & other
requirements]
d. Natural Born Citizens- Art. IV, Sec. 2.
ANNOTATION 357 SCRA 580; POE-
LLAMANARES V. COMELEC, 3/8/16
[foundlings (conventions,
circumstantial evidence, adoption
laws)]
 Government Posts covered:
President-Sec. 2, Art. VII; Vice-
President-Sec. 3, Art. VII;
Members of Congress- Secs. 3 &
6, Art. VI; Justices of the Supreme
Court/Lower Collegiate Courts-
Sec. 7, Art. VIII; Ombudsman &
Deputies- Sec. 8, Art. XI;
Members of the Constitutional
Commissions- Sec. 1(1), Art. IX-B,
Sec. 1(1), Art. IX-C, and Sec. 1(1),
Art. IX-D; Members of the Central
Monetary Board- Sec. 20, Art. XII;
Members of the Commission on
Human Rights- Sec. 17 (2), Art.
XIII; all of the 1987 Const
[Others: note: Poe-Llamanares
case, note 405 (CJ Sereno’s CO)]
e. Naturalized Citizens- RA No. 9139,
6/8/01; CA No. 473, 6/17/39
 Who are qualified-RA No. 6809
[Age of Majority] & Sec. 6, Art.
XIV, 1987 Const [Residency
Requirement to 5 years];
Declaration of Intention;
Procedure; Executory Decision-
Sec. 1, RA No. 530, 6/16/50;
Denaturalization; CO V. CIVIL
2/23/04; SO V. RP, 1/29/07; RP V.
LI, 3/20/13 [declaration of
intention]; GO V. RP., 7/2/14

6
 [witness credibility & residence];
RP V. KARBASI, 7/29/15 [Lucrative
Income/reciprocity exception]; RP
V. HUANG, 3/18/15 [income &
credibility]
 Derivative Citizenship by an Alien
Spouse- RP. V. BATUIGAS, 10/7/13
3. Loss and Re-acquisition of Citizenship-
Sec. 3, Art. IV, 1987 Const; CA No. 63,
10/21/36; RA No. 9225, 8/29/03; LOPEZ
V. COMELEC 7/28/08; CORDORA V.
COMELEC, 2/19/09; DE GUZMAN V.
COMELEC, 6/19/09; IN RE: MUNESES,
7/24/12; SOBEJANA-CONDON V.
COMELEC, 8/10/12; MAQUILING V.
COMELEC, 4/16/13 & ARNADO V.
COMELEC, 8/18/15 [subsequent use of
foreign passport]; DAVID V. AGBAY,
3/18/15 [coverage of RA 9225 &
requirements]; TAN V. CRISOLOGO,
11/8/17 [retroactivity]
a. Loss of Citizenship
1. Naturalization in Foreign
Country- RP V. DELA ROSA
6/6/94
2. Express Renunciation or
Expatriation- YU V. DEFENSOR-
SANTIAGO
1/24/89; AZNAR V. COMELEC
5/25/90
b. Re-acquisition or Repatriation- RA
No. 8171, 10/23/95; RP V. DELA
ROSA 6/6/94; VALLES V. COMELEC
8/9/00; BENGZON III V. HRET
5/7/01; ANGAT V. RP 9/14/99;
ALTERAJOS V. COMELEC 441 SCRA
655 [2004]; TABASA V. CA 8/29/06;
RP V. BATUIGAS, 10/7/13
4. Dual Allegiance- Sec. 5, Art. IV, 1987
Const; Sec. 40 (d), RA No. 7160,
10/10/91; MERCADO V. MANZANO
5/26/99; CORDORA V. COMELEC,
2/19/09; ARNADO V. COMELEC, 8/18/15

D. Sovereignty- Sovereign Immunity

a. Basis/theories-Sec. 3, Art. XVI, 1987
Const; RP V. VILLASOR 11/28/73; CHINA
V. SANTAMARIA, 2/2/12
b. Acts of State- HARVEY V. COMM.
6/28/88; RUBRICO V. ARROYO, 2/18/10
c. When suit is against the State- BEGOSA
V. CHAIRMAN 4/30/70; RP V.
SANDIGANBAYAN 11/21/91; WYLIE V.
RARANG 5/28/92; US V. REYES 3/1/93;
SEAFDEC V. ACOSTA 9/2/93; THE HOLY
SEE V. HON, 12/17/94; LANSANG V. CA

7
 2/23/00; CALUB V. CA 4/27/00;
MINUCHER V. CA, 2/11/03; RP OF
INDONESIA V. VINZON, 6/26/03; RP V.
SANDIGANBAYAN 3/6/06; PHIL V.
TRINIDAD 5/3/06; DOH V. PHIL 3/13/07;
DEUTSCHE V. CA, 4/15/09; SHELL V.
JALOS, 9/8/10
d. Consent to be sued
1. How Given- VETERANS V. CA
9/25/92; DA V. NLRC 11/11/93; CITY
V. PHUTURE, 1/17/18
2. Express Consent
a) Money Claims arising from
Contracts- CA No. 3038; CA 327;
PD No. 1445; SAYSON V. SINGSON
12/19/73; RP V. PURISIMA,
8/31/77
b) Incorporation of Government
Owned and Controlled
Corporations- NHA V. HEIRS
6/19/03; SSS V. CA, 2/21/83; NHA
V. ROXAS, 10/21/15
c) Torts committed by Special
Agents- MERITT V. GOVT, 3/21/16
3. Implied Consent
a) Government Enters into Business
Contracts- US V. GUINTO 2/26/90;
FONTANILLA V. MALIAMAN,
2/27/91; DEPT V. OÑATE 6/8/07
b) Inequitable to Claim Immunity-
EPG V. VIGILAR 3/16/01; RP V.
UNIMEX 3/9/07; PIDACAN V. ATO,
8/25/10; ATCI V. ECHIN, 10/11/10
c) Government Initiates Complaint-
FROILAN V. PAN 9/30/54; LIM V.
BROWNELL, 3/24/60; RP V.
SANDIGANBAYAN, 2/28/90; RP V.
SANDIGANBAYAN 3/6/06;
PIDACAN V. ATO, 8/25/10
4. Scope of Consent
a) Under Act No. 3083; COMM. V.
SAN DIEGO 2/18/70
b) Under a Charter- PNB V. CIR
1/32/78
c) Execution- NESIA V. FERMIN,
3/30/93; DFA V. NLRC 9/18/96; RP
V. NLRC 10/17/96; CALOOCAN V.
ALLARDE, 8/10/03; RP. V.
HIDALGO 12/9/05
a. Suability V. Liability- Art. 2180, Civil
Code [Quasi-Delict by a Special Agent];
MERRIT V. GOVT 3/21/16; MUN. V.
JUDGE 195 SCRA 692 [1991]; MUN V.
DUMDUM, 3/22/10; UP V. DIZON,
8/23/12; NHA V. ROXAS, 10/21/15
b. ANNOTATION: DIPLOMATIC IMMUNITY

8
 323 SCRA 699
E. Government- “Government” in general;
Sec. 2 (2), EO No. 292 [The Revised
Administrative Code of 1987], 7/25/87; PP
V. SB, 8/12/03; MIAA V. CA, 7/20/06
FINALS

V. STRUCTURE AND POWERS OF THE

NATIONAL GOVERNMENT
A. LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT
1. Basis: Section 1, Article 2, 1987 Const
2. Composition, Qualifications, and Terms of
Office
a. Senate-Secs. 2-4, Art. VI, 1987
Constitutions
b. House of Representatives- Secs. 5-6,
Art. VI; Secs. 6-8, Article IX-C Sec. 7,
Art.
XVIII, 1987 Const; ROMUALDEZ V.
COMELEC 9/8/95; DOMINO V. COMELEC
7/19/99; UGDORACION V. COMELEC
4/18/08; SEMA V. COMELEC 7/16/08; RA
No. 7941, 3/3/95 [Party List System]-
ANG BAGONG V. COMELEC 11/20/02;
BANAT V. COMELEC, 4/21/09; AQUINO
III V. COMELEC, 4/7/10; ATONG
PAGLAUM V. COMELEC, 4/2/13; ABANG
V. COMELEC, 10/22/13 [track record];
ALLIANCE V. COMELEC, 12/10/13
[Formula on 20% limit & 2% threshold
vis-à-vis DQ]; AKSYON MAGSASAKA V.
COMELEC, 6/16/15 [Formula on 2%
threshold & on additional seats]
c. Synchronized Terms of Office- Secs. 1-
2, Article XVIII, 1987 Const; KIDA V.
SENATE, 2/28/12
3. Election
a. Regular- Sec. 8, Art. VI, 1987 Const
b. Special- Sec. 9. Art. VI, & Sec. 11, Art.
IX-C, 1987 Const; RA No. 6645,
12/28/87; RA No. 7166, 11/26/91;
TOLENTINO V. COMELEC 1/21//04
4. Salaries, Privileges, and
Disqualifications
a. Salaries- Sec. 10, Art. VI & Sec. 17,
Art. XVIII, 1987 Const; PHILCONSA V.
MATHAY 10/4/66; LIGOT V. MATHAY
4/30/74
b. Freedom from Arrest- Sec. 11, Art. VI,
1987 Const; PEOPLE V. JALOSJOS
2/3/2000; TRILLANES V. PIMENTEL
6/27/08
c. Speech & Debate Clause- Sec. 11, Art.
VI, 1987 Const; JIMENEZ V.
CABANGBANG 17 SCRA 8/3/66;
OSMEÑA V. PENDATUN 10/28/60;

9
 POBRE V. DEFENSOR-SANTIAGO,
8/25/09
5. Disqualifications
a) Incompatible and Forbidden Office-
Sec. 13, Art. VI, 1987 Const; ADAZA
V. PACANA, JR., 3/18/85; FUNA V.
ERMITA, 2/11/10; FUNA V. THE
CHAIRMAN, 4/24/12; FUNA V. THE
CHAIRMAN, 11/25/14
b) Other Prohibitions- Sec. 14, Art. VI &
Sec. 16, Article XI, 1987 Const;
PUYAT V. DE GUZMAN 3/25/82;
SINGSON V. COA, 8/9/10
6. Duty to Disclose- Secs. 12 & 20, Art. VI
& Sec. 17, Art. IX, 1987 Const
7. Internal Government of Congress
a. Election of Officers- Sec. 16 (1), Art.
VI, 1987 Const; SANTIAGO V.
GUINGONA 11/18/98; BALIGUIAT , JR.
V. ALVAREZ, 7/25/17
b. Quorum- Sec. 16 (2), Art. VI, 1987
Const; AVELINO V. CUENCO 3/4/49
c. Rules of Proceedings- Secs. 16 (3) &
21, Art. VI, 1987 Const; ARROYO V.
DE VENECIA 8/14/97; PIMENTEL V.
SENATE, 3/8/11; BALIGUIAT , JR. V.
ALVAREZ, 7/25/17
8. Discipline of Members- Sec. 16 (3), Art.
VI, 1987 Const; ALEJANDRINO V.
QUEZON 9/11/24; OSMEÑA V.
PENDATUN 109 PHIL 863 [1960];
SANTIAGO V. SANDIGANBAYAN 4/18/01;
DE VENECIA V. SB, 2/5/02; POBRE V.
DEFENSOR-SANTIAGO, 8/25/09
9. Journal and Congressional Records-
Sec. 16 (4), Art. VI, 1987 Const
(1) The Enrolled Bill Theory-
MABANAG V. LOPEZ 3/5/47; PHIL.
V. PRADO, 11/11/93; TOLENTINO
V. SECRETARY 8/25/94; ARROYO
V. DE VENECIA 8/14/97; FARIÑAS
V. EXEC 12/10/03; ABAKADA V.
PURISIMA 562 SCRA 251 [2008];
LEARNING V. AYALA, 7/7/10;
GALICTO V. AQUINO, 2/28/12
[Resolution]
(2) Probative Value of the Journal- US
V. PONS 34 PHIL 729 [1916]
(3) Matters required to be entered in
the Journal
-Yeas & Nays on the third & final
reading- Sec. 26 (2), Art. VI; Veto
Message of the President- Sec. 27
(1), Art. VI; Yeas & Nays on the
Re-passing of the Bill; Yeas &
Nays on any question at the

10
 request of 1/5 of the members
present- Sec. 16 (4), Art. VI;
Summary of the Proceedings; all
of the 1987 Const
(4) Journal Entry Rule V. Enrolled -
ASTORGA V. VILLEGAS, 56 SCRA;
FIELD V. CLARK, 36 L.ED. 294
[1891] -“It is not competent for
the appellants to show from the
journals that the enrolled bill
contained a section that does not
appear in the enrolled act in the
custody of the State
Department.”
(5) Congressional Record- Par. 2, Sec.
16 (4), Art. VI, 1987 Const
10. Sessions
(1) Regular Sessions- Secs. 15 & 16
(5), Art. VI, 1987 Const; GUEVARA
V. INOCENTES 16 SCRA 379
[1966]
(2) Special Sessions- Sec. 15, Art. VI;
Secs. 10-11, 18, par. 2, Art. VII,
1987 Const
(3) Joint Sessions
(a) Voting Separately- Sec. 4, Art.
VII [Choosing the President];
par. 4, Sec. 11, Art. VII
[Determining the President’s
Temporary Disability]; Sec. 9,
Art. VII [Confirming the
Nomination of the Vice-
President]; Sec. 23 (1), Art. VI
[Declaring a State of War]; Sec.
1 (1), Art. XVII [Amending the
Constitution]; all of the 1987
Const
(b) Voting Jointly- Sec. 18, Art. VII,
1987 Const
[Revocation/extension of the
Pro-
clamation of Martial
Law/Suspension of the Privilege
of the Writ of Habeas Corpus]
11. Electoral Tribunal- Secs. 17 & 19, Art.
VI, 1987 Const; TOLENTINO V.
COMELEC 1/21/04; BARBERS V.
COMELEC 6/22/05; VINZONS V.
COMELEC 4/2/07; BELLO V. COMELEC,
12/7/10
(a) Jurisdiction-REYES V. COMELEC,
6/25/13; 10/22/13
(b) Composition- TAÑADA V.
CUENCO 2/28/57; ABBAS V. SET,
10/28/88; PIMENTEL V. HRET
11/29/02

11
 (c) Nature of Function- ANGARA V.
ELEC COMM 7/15/36; REQUEST
OF JUSTICES, 3/19/91
(d) Independence- BONDOC V.
PINEDA 9/26/91; MAKALINTAL V.
PET, 11/23/10
(e) Powers- GARCIA V. HRET
8/12/99; SANDOVAL V. HRET,
3/9/10; DUEÑAS V. HRET, 5/4/10
(f) Judicial Review over Decisions of
Elec. Tribunals- SANDOVAL V.
HRET, 3/9/10; SEMA V. HRET,
3/26/10
12. Commission on Appointments- Secs.
18 & 19, Art. VI, & Sec. 16, VII, 1987
Const; CUNANAN V. TAN 5/10/62; DAZA
V. SINGSON, 12/21/89; COSETENG V.
MITRA 7/12/90; GUINGONA V.
GONZALES 10/20/92 & 219 SCRA 326
[1993]; PIMENTEL V. HRET 11/29/02;
COMMISSION V. PALER, 3/3/10
13. Powers of Congress
A. General Plenary Powers- Sec. 1, Art.
VI, 1987 Const; CITY OF DAVAO V.
RTC 8/18/05; BELGICA V. OCHOA,
11/19/13
1. Limitations on the Legislative
Power
(1) Substantive Limitations
(a) Express substantive
limitations- Article III; Secs.
25, 28-31, Art. VI; Sec. 4
(3), Art. XIV, 1987 Const
(b) Implied substantive
limitations
i. Prohibition against
Delegation of Legislative
Power- JAWORSKI V.
PAGCOOR 1/14/04;
CHAVEZ V. ROMULO
6/8/04; ABAKADA V. EXEC
9/1/05; BELTRAN V. SEC
11/25/05; NPC DAMA V.
NPC, 8/17/08; SEMA V.
COMELEC 7/16/08;
ABAKADA V. PURISIMA
8/14/16
 Exceptions: (i)
Delegation to the
President- Secs. 23 (2) &
28 (2), Art. VI, 1987
Const; SOUTHERN
CROSS V. PHIL CEMENT
7/8/04; EXEC V.
SOUTHWING 482 SCRA
673 [2006]; (ii)

12
 Delegation to the
People- Sec. 32, Art. VI,
1987 Const; (iii)
Delegation to the Local
Governments- PELAEZ V.
AUDITOR 15 SCRA 569
[1965]
ii. Prohibition against the
passage of irrepealable
laws- CITY OF DAVAO V.
RTC 8/18/05; KIDA V.
SENATE, 2/28/12;
iii. Special Prohibition on
Congressional Pork
Barrel- BELGICA V.
OCHOA, 11/19/13
(2) Procedural Limitations- Secs.
26-27, Art. VI, 1987 Const;
ARROYO V. DE VENECIA
6/26/98; ABAKADA V.
PURISIMA 8/14/08
B. Question Hour- Sec. 22, Art. VI, 1987
Const; SENATE V. ERMITA 4/20/06;
NERI V. SENATE 3/25/08 & 9/4/08
C. Legislative Investigations- Sec. 21,
Art. VI, 1987 Const; ARNAULT V.
NAZARENO 7/18/50; ARNAULT V.
BALAGTAS 7/30/55; BENGZON V.
SBRC 11/20/91; SENATE V. ERMITA
4/20/06 & 7/4/06; GUDANI V. SENGA
8/15/06; IN RE: SABIO 10/17/06;
STANDARD V. SENATE 12/27/07;
NERI V. SENATE 3/25/08 & 9/4/08;
STRATEGIC V. RADSTOCK, 12/4/09
[probative value]
D. Acts as Board of Canvassers- par. 4,
Sec. 4, Art. VII, 1987 Const;
BRILLANTES V. COMELEC 432 SCRA
269 [2004]; PIMENTEL V. JOINT
6/22/04
E. Call of Special Election- Sec. 10, Art.
VII, 1987 Const
F. Revoke or Extend the Suspension of
the Privilege of the Writ of Habeas
Corpus or the Declaration of Martial
Law- Sec. 18, Art. VII, 1987 Const;
FORTUN V. MACAPAGAL, 3/30/12
G. Approve Presidential Appointments-
Sec. 9, Art. VII, 1987 Const
H. Confirm certain Appointments- Secs.
9 & 16, Art. VII, 1987 Const
I. Concur in Treaties- Sec. 21, Art. VII;
& Sec. 25, Art. XVIII, 1987 Const;
BAYAN V. ZAMORA 10/10/00;
PIMENTEL V. EXEC, 7/6/05; SUPLICO
V. NEDA 7/14/08; ANNOTATION ON

13
 VFA 342 SCRA 522
J. Declaration of State War and the
Delegation of Emergency Powers-
Sec. 23, Art. VI, 1987 Const; DAVID
V. MACAPAGAL 5/3/06
K. Judge of the Physical
Fitness/Capacity of the President-
par. 4, Sec. 11, Art. VII, 1987 Const
L. Power of Impeachment- CORONA V.
SENATE, July 17, 2012
(1) Who are subject to
Impeachment: Sec. 2, Art. XI,
1987 Const; OFFICE V.
MOJICA 3/4/05
(2) Grounds- Sec. 2, Art. XI, 1987
Const
(3) Procedure- Sec. 3 (1)-(6), Art.
XI, 1987 Const; FRANCICSO V.
NMMP,
INC. 425 SCRA 44 [2003];
GUTIERREZ V. HOUSE, 2/15/11
(4) Consequence- Sec. 3 (7), Art.
XI, 1987 Const; ESTRADA V.
DESIERTO
3/2/01 & 4/3/01
M. Power on the utilization of Natural
Resources- Sec. 2, Art. XII, 1987
Const; RESIDENT V. REYES, 4/21/15
14. Legislative Process
A. Requirements as to Bills
(1) As to Titles- Sec. 26 (1), Art. VI,
1987 Const; PHIL. V. PRADO 227
SCRA
703 [1993]; DE GUZMAN V.
COMELEC 336 SCRA 188 [2000]
- In case of conflict, Text or
Title: TATAD V. SEC. 281 SCRA
330 [1997] & 282 SCRA 337
[1997]; FARIÑAS V. EXEC 417
SCRA 503 [2003]
(2) Requirements [Origin] as to
other Laws- TOLENTINO V. SEC
235 SCRA 630 [1994] & 249
SCRA 628 [1995]; ABAKADA V.
EXEC 10/18/05
(a) Appropriation Laws- Secs. 22,
VII, & Sec. 29, Art. VI & Secs.
24-25, Art. VI, 1987 Const;
DEMETRIA V. ALBA 148 SCRA
208 [1987]; GUINGONA V.
CARAGUE 196 SCRA 221
[1991]; PCA V. ENRIQUEZ 235
SCRA 506 [1994]; BRILLANTES
V. COMELEC 432 SCRA 269
[2004]; ATITIW V. ZAMORA 471
SCRA 329 [2005]

14
 (b) Tax laws- Sec. 28, Art. VI &
Sec. 4 (3) (4), Art. XIV, 1987
Const; YMCA
V. CA 295 SCRA 63 [1998];
CHAVEZ V. PCGG 299 SCRA 744
[1999]; LUNG V. QUEZON CITY
433 SCRA 119 [2004]; EXEC V.
SOUTHWING 482 SCRA 673
[2006]
B. Procedure on the Passage of Bills-
Sec. 26 (2), Art. VI, 1987 Const;
ALVAREZ V. GUINGONA, JR. 252
SCRA 695 [1996]; ARROYO V. DE
VENECIA 291 SCRA 433 [1998];
TOLENTINO V. SEC 235 SCRA 630
[1994] & 249 SCRA 628 [1995];
ABAKADA V. EXEC 469 SCRA 1
[2005]
C. Procedure on passage of Joint
Resolution of Congress- GALICTO V.
AQUINO III, 2/28/12
D. President’s Veto Power- Qualified
Veto V. Pocket Veto; Sec. 1, Art. 1,
US Constitution- “If any bill shall not
be returned by the President within
ten days (Sundays excepted) after it
shall have been presented to him,
the same shall be a law, in like
manner as he had signed it, unless
Congress by their adjournment
prevent its return in which case it
shall not be a law”; Sec. 27 [1] [2],
Art. VI, 1987 Const; Sec. 20, Article
VI, 1935 Const; GONZALES V.
MACARAIG 11/19/90; BENGZON V.
DRILON 4/15/92; PCA V. ENRIQUEZ
8/19/94; BELGICA V.OCHOA,
11/19/13
E. Legislative Veto- ABAKADA V.
PURISIMA 562 SCRA 251 [2008]
F. Effectivity of Laws- Art. 2, Civil Code
of the Philippines; EO No. 200,
6/18/87; TAÑADA V. TUVERA 4/24/85
& 12/19/86; PVB V. VEGA, 6/28/01;
SENATE V. ERMITA 4/20/06 & 7/4/06;
CAWAD V. ABAD, 7/28/15
G. Initiative & Referendum- Sec. 1,
Article VI & Sec. 2, Art. XVII, 1987
Const; RA No. 6735, 8/4/89; GARCIA
V. COMELEC 9/30/94; SBMA V.
COMELEC 9/26/96; SANTIAGO V.
COMELEC 3/19/97; LAMBINO V.
COMELEC, 10/25/06 & 11/21/06;
MARMETO V. COMELEC, 9/26/17

B. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT

15
1. Basis: Sections 1 & 3, Art. II, 1987
Const
2. President
a. Qualifications, Election, Term &
Oath- Secs. 2, 4 & 5, Art. VII, 1987
Const; SANTIAGO V. RAMOS 2/13/96;
TECSON V. COMELEC 3/3/04; POE,
JR. V. MACAPAGAL 3/29/05; POE-
LLAMANARES V. COMELEC, 3/8/16
b. Privilege & Salary- Sec. 6, Art. VII,
1987 Const; AKBAYAN V. AQUINO
558 SCRA 468; REP. V SB, 7/15/03;
GUDANI V. SENGA, 8/15/06; NERI V.
SENATE 3/25/08 & 9/4/08;
ANNOTATION ON EXEC PRIVILEGE-
549 SCRA 404 & 588 SCRA 687
c. Prohibitions- Sec. 13, Art. VII, 1987
Const; NATIONAL AMNESTY V. COA
9/8/04; BITONIO V. COA 3/12/04;
PUBLIC V. ELMA 6/30/06 & 3/5/07;
FUNA V. ERMITA, 2/11/10; FUNA V.
AGRA, 2/19/13
(1) Compare with other Officials’
Prohibitions: Sec. 13, Art. VI;
Sec. 2, Art. IX-
A; Sec. 7, Article IX-B; & Sec. 12,
Art. VIII, 1987 Const
(2) Exceptions: (i) Vice President as
Cabinet member- par. 2, Sec. 3,
Art. VII; (ii) Secretary of Justice as
member of JBC- Sec. 6 (1), Art.
VIII; (iii) Ex-Officio Positions; all of
the 1987 Const; CRUZ V. COA,
11/29/01; NAC V. COA, 9/8/04
d. Special Prohibition on
Presidential/Congressional Pork
Barrel- BELGICA V. OCHOA, 11/19/13
e. Succession- ESTRADA V. DESIERTO
3/2/01 & 4/3/01; ANNOTATION ON
SUCCESSION-353 SCRA 587 [2001]
(1) At the beginning of the Term-
Secs. 7 & 10, Art. VII, 1987
Const
(2) During the Term- Secs. 8 & 10,
Art. VII, 1987 Const
(3) In case of Temporally
Disability- Secs. 11-12, Art. VII,
1987 Const
f. Removal- Secs. 2-3, Art. XI, 1987
Const
g. Powers, Functions & Immunities
(1) Executive Power- Secs. 1 & 17,
Art. VII, 1987 Const; MARCOS
V. MANGLAPUS 9/15/89 &
10/27/89; OPLE V. TORRES
7/23/98; DENR V. DENR,

16
 8/19/03; KMU V. DIR 4/19/06;
BELGICA V. OCHOA, 11/19/13
(2) Executive Control- Sec. 17, Art.
VII, 1987 Const; SEC V. MABALOT
2/27/02; DENR V. DENR 8/19/03;
CONSTANTINO V. CUISA 10/13/05;
RUFINO V. ENDRIGA 7/21/06;
ANAK MINDANAO V. EXEC
8/29/07; BIRAOGO V. PHIL,
12/7/10; PICHAY V. OFFICE,
7/24/12; HONTEVIROS V. TRB,
2/23/15 [alter egos]; RESIDENT V.
REYES, 4/21/15 [exception to
qualified political agency]; PIDS V.
COA, 8/20/19 [limits]
(3) General Supervision of Local
Governments & Autonomous
Regions- Secs.
4 & 16, Art. X, 1987 Const; JOSON
V. TORRES 5/20/98; PIMENTEL V.
AGUIRRE 7/19/00; BITO-ON V.
FERNANDEZ 1/31/01; NATIONAL
V. PAREDES 9/27/04; PROVINCE V.
COMMISSIONERS, 9/28/10
(4) Power of Appointment
(A) With the Consent of the
Commission on
Appointments- CALDERON V.
CARALE 4/23/92; FLORES V.
DRILON 6/22/93; TARROSA V.
SINGSON 5/25/94; MANALO
V. SISTOZA 8/11/99;
MATIBAG V. BENIPAYO
4/2/02; SORIANO V. LISTA
3/24/03; PIMENTEL V.
ERMITA 10/18/05
(a) Department
Heads/Ambassadors,
public
ministers/Consuls/AFP
Officers
from rank of colonel/naval
captain- Sec. 16, Art. VII, 1987
Const
(b) Chairman/Members of
Constitutional
Commissions- Sec. 1 (2),
Art. IX-B;
Sec. 1 (2), Art. IX-C; Sec. 1
(2), Art. IX-D, 1987 Const;
(c) Regular Members of the
JBC- Sec. 8 (2), Art. VIII,
1987 Const;
(d) Sectoral Representatives-
Sec. 7, Art. XVIII, 1987
Const; QUINTOS-DELES V.

17
 COMMISSION 9/4/89; RA
No. 7941
(B) Upon Recommendation of the
JBC- VILLANUEVA V. JBC,
4/7/15
(a) Members of the Supreme
Court & all other courts-
Sec. 9, Art. VIII, 1987
Constitution; DE CASTRO V.
JBC, 4/20/10; RE:
SENIORITY, 9/28/10
(b) Ombudsman & Deputies-
Sec. 9, Art. XI, 1987
Const
(C) Appointment of the Vice-
President as Cabinet Member-
Sec. 3, Art. VII, 1987 Const
(D) Appointment solely by the
President- Sec. 16, Art. VII,
1987 Const- Those whose
appointments are not
otherwise provided by law &
those whom he may be
authorized by law to appoint;
BERMUDEZ V. TORRES 8/4/99;
RUFINO V. ENDRIGA 496 SCRA
13 [2006]
(E) Limitations on the Appointing
Power of the President – Secs.
13 & 15, Art. VII, 1987 Const;
IN RE: VALENZUELA 298 SCRA
408 [1998]; DE RAMA V. CA
2/18/01; PUBLIC V. ELMA
6/30/06; CASTRO V. JBC &
PGMA, 3/17/10; FUNA V. THE
CHAIRMAN, 4/24/12;
VELICARIA-GARAFIL V. OFFICE,
6/16/15
(F) Interim or Recess
Appointments- Sec. 19, Article
VI & par. 2, Sec. 16, Article
VII, 1987 Const; CONCEPCION
V. SALONGA, 4/3/89; DE RAMA
V. CA, 2/28/01; MATIBAG V.
BENIPAYO, 4/2/02; PIMENTEL
V. ERMITA, 10/13/05;
FETALINO V. COMELEC,
12/4/12
(G) Temporary Designations- Sec.
17, Book III, EO No. 292 of
1987
(H) Limitations on appointing
power of the Acting President-
Secs. 14-16, Article VII, 1987
Const
(5) Executive Clemencies- Sec.

18
 19, Art.VII, & Sec. 5, Art. IX-C,
1987 Const; DRILON V. CA
10/3/91; PEOPLE V. SALLE
12/4/95; RE: TORRES
12/29/95; PEOPLE V. CASIDO
3/7/97; PEOPLE V. PATRIARCA
9/29/00; LUMANOG V. PEOPLE,
9/7/10
(a) Pardon V. Probation-
PEOPLE V VERA 65 PHIL 56
[1937]
(b) Pardon V. Parole- TEODORO
V. DIRECTOR 68 PHIL 154
[1939]; TORRES V.
GONZALES 152 SCRA 272
[1987]
(c) Pardon V. Amnesty-
BARRIOQUINTO V.
FERNANDEZ 85 PHIL 642
[1940]; RISOS-VIDAL V.
COMELEC, 1/21/15
(d) Effects of Pardon-
CRISTOBAL V. LABRADOR
12/7/40; PELOBELLO V.
PALATINO 6/20/41; LACUNA
V. ABES 8/27/68;
MONSANTO V. FACTORAN
2/9/89; GARCIA V.
CHAIRMAN, 9/14/93;
ECHEGARAY V. SEC,
1/19/99; RISOS-VIDAL V.
COMELEC, 1/21/15
[absolute pardon/legislative
impairment]
(e) Sanctions for violation of
the terms of Pardon-
TORRES V. GONZALES
7/23/87
(f) Pardon V. Administrative
Cases- LLAMAS V. EXEC
10/15/91
(g) Availability of Amnesty-
PEOPLE V. PATRIARCA
9/29/00
(6) Powers as Commander-in-
Chief- Sec. 18, Article VII; Sec.
13, Article III;
par. 2, Sec. 1, Article VIII, 1987
Const; LANSANG V. GARCIA 42
SCRA 448 [1971] (confirmed); RE:
DEVILLA, 11/17/04; IBP V.
ZAMORA, 8/15/00; DAVID V.
ARROYO, 5/3/06; GUDANI V.
SENGA 8/15/06; FORTUN V.
MACAPAGAL, 3/20/12; KULAYAN V.
TAN, 7/3/12

19
 (7) Emergency Powers – Sec. 23
(2), Art. VI, 1987 Const;
KULAYAN V.
TAN, 7/3/12
(8) Contracting & Guaranteeing
Foreign Loans – Sec. 20,
Article VII & Sec.
21, Article XII, 1987 Const;
CONSTANTINO V. CUISA 472
SCRA 505 [2005]
(9) Power over Foreign Affairs-
(a) Treaty-Making- Sec. 21,
Article VII, 1987 Const;
BAYAN V. EXEC 342 SCRA
449 [2002]; PIMENTEL V.
OFFICE 462 SCRA 265
[2005]
 Treaty V. Executive
Agreement- BAYAN V.
ROMULO, 2/1/11; CHINA
V.SANTA MARIA, 2/7/12
(b) Deportation of Undesirable
Aliens- QUA CHE GAN V.
DEPORTATION 9/30/63; GO
TEK V. DEPORTATION
9/9/77; DOMINGO V.
SCHEER 1/29/04; GUY V.
IGNACIO, 7/2/10
(c) Part utilization of Natural
Resources- RESIDENT V.
REYES, 4/21/15
(10) Power over Legislation
(a) Message to Congress- Sec.
23, Art. VII, 1987 Const
(b)Preparation & submission
of the Budget- Sec. 22, Art.
VII, 1987 Const; BELGICA V.
OCHOA, Jr., 11/19/13
(11) Veto Power- Sec. 27, Art. VI,
1987 Const; BENGZON V.
DRILON 208 SCRA 13 [1992];
BELGICA V. OCHOA, Jr.,
11/19/13
(12) Fixing of Tariff Rates- Sec. 28,
(2), Art. VI, 1987 Const;
GARCIA V. EXEC 7/3/92;
SOUTHERN V. CEMENT 465
SCRA 532 [2005]
(13) Immunity from Suit – RE:
BERMUDEZ 145 SCRA 160
[1986]; SOLIVEN V.
MAKASIAR/BELTRAN V.
MAKASIAR 11/14/88; GLORIA
V. CA 8/15/00; ESTRADA V.
DESIERTO 3/2/01 & 4/3/01;
DAVID V. MACAPAGAL 5/3/06;

20
 RUBRICO V. ARROYO, 2/18/10;
SAEZ V. MACAPAGAL, 7/1/13;
DE LIMA V. DUTERTE,
10/15/19 [development &
differing US rule; kinds; kinds]

3. Vice-President
a. Qualification, election, term & oath –
Sec. 3-5, Art. VII, 1987 Const
b. Privilege/Salary- Sec. 6, Art. VII,
1987 Const
c. Prohibitions- Secs. 3, par 2, & 13,
Art. VII, 1987 Const
d. Succession- Sec. 9, Art. VII, 1987
Const
e. Removal- Secs. 2-3, Art. XI
f. Functions: Right of Succession- Secs.
8/11, Art. VII, 1987 Const;
Membership in the Cabinet- Sec. 3,
par. 2, Art. VII, 1987 Const

C. JUDICIARY
1. Supreme Court
a. Composition- Sec. 4, Art. VIII, 1987
Const; SC Res. No. 2-89; FORTICH V.
CORONA 8/19/99; FIRESTONE V. CA
6/28/00; PUBLIC V. ELMA 3/5/07
b. Appointment & Qualifications- Secs.
7 (1), 8 (5), & 9, Art. VIII, 1987
Const; RE: VILLANUEVA 298 SCRA
408 [1998]; SB V. ESTRELLA,
1/16/01; CASTRO V. JBC, 3/17/10
c. Salary-Sec. 10, Art. VIII & Sec. 17,
Art. XVIII, 1987 Const; PERFECTO V.
MEER 85 PHIL 522; ENDENCIA V.
DAVID 93 PHIL 696 [1953]; NITAFAN
V. CIR 152 SCRA 284 [1987];
Compare with Sec. 6, Art. XV, 1973
Const
d. Security of Tenure- Sec. 11 & 2, par.
2, Art. VIII, 1987 Const; DE LA LLANA
V. ALBA 3/12/82
e. Removal- Sec. 11, VIII & Sec. 2, Art.
XI, 1987 Const; IN RE: RAUL GO
NZALES 4/15/88
f. Fiscal Autonomy- Sec. 3, Art. VIII,
1987 Const; CSC V. DEPT 7/22/05;
RE: CLARIFYING 481 SCRA 1 [2006];
GSIS V. CABALLERO, 10/4/10;
MARINA V. COA, 1/13/15; ARAULLO
V. AQUINO, 2/3/15
g. Jurisdiction- Judicial Power;
ANNOTATION ON THE SUPREME
COURT 358 SCRA 829; ESTRADA V.
DESIERTO 3/2/01 & 4/3/01; TAÑADA
S. ANGARA 5/2/97; MIRANDA V.

21
 AGUIRRE, 9/19/99; GARCIA V.
CORONA 12/17/99; BAYAN V. EXEC
10/10/00; CHAVEZ V. PEA 7/9/02;
BUAC V. COMELEC 1/26/04; TECSON
V. COMELEC 3/3/04
(1) Sec. 1, Art. VIII, 1987 Const
(2) Sec. 5, Art. VIII, 1987 Const;
ROMAN V. CA 7/5/96; PEOPLE
V. FLORES 3/3/97; ECHEGARAY
V. SEC 1/19/99; VICTOR V.
MACASA 7/21/08
(3) Par. 3, Sec. 18, Art. VII, 1987
Const
(4) Par. 7, Sec. 4, Art. VII, 1987
Const [presidential electoral
tribunal]; LOPEZ V. ROXAS
7/28/66; SANTIAGO V. RAMOS
2/13/96; TECSON V. COMELEC
3/3/04; LEGARDA V. DE
CASTRO 1/18/08; MAKALINTAL
V. PET, 11/23/10
(5) Sec. 7, Art. IX-A, 1987 Const
h. Congressional Power over the
Supreme Court- par. 1, Sec. 2, Art.
VIII & Sec. 30, Art. VI, 1987 Const;
FIRST V. CA 10/7/94; FABIAN V.
DESIERTO 9/16/98
i. Administrative Powers
(1) Supervision of Lower Courts-
DE VERA V. PELAYO 7/6/00;
CAOIBES V. OMBUDSMAN 361
SCRA 395; FUENTES V.
OMBUDSMAN 10/23/01;
ADAJAR V. DEVELOS 11/18/05;
MAMISCAL V. ABDULLAH,
7/1/15
(2) Temporary assignment of
Judges- Sec. 5 (3), Art. VIII,
1987 Const
(3) Change Venue- Sec. 5 (4), Art.
VIII, 1987 Const; PEOPLE V.
SOLA, 3/17/81; NAVAJA V.
PEOPLE, 6/22/15
(4) Discipline of Judges/personnel-
Sec. 11, Art. VIII, 1987 Const;
PEOPLE V.
GACOTT 246 SCRA 52 [1996];
MAMISCAL V. ABDULLAH, 7/1/15
(5) Appointment of Employees-
Sec. 5 (6), Art. VIII, 1987
Const; RE: CAN-
DELARIA, 2/26/10
j. Rule- Making Power- Sec. 5 (5), Art.
VIII; par. 2, Sec. 14, Art. XII; and par.
3, Sec. 18, Art. VII, 1987 Const-
ECHEGARAY V. SEC 1/19/99;

22
 REQUEST FOR SPECIAL DIV., 1/21/02
k. Prohibition on additional quasi-
judicial & administrative work for
judges- Sec. 12, Art. VIII, 1987
Const; RE: JUDGE MANZANO
10/5/88; MAKALINTAL V. PET,
11/23/10
l. Report on the Judiciary- Sec. 16, Art.
VIII, 1987 Const
m. Manner of sitting & votes required-
Sec. 4, Art. VIII, 1987 Const; Sec. 7,
Rule 56, 1997 Rules on Civil
Procedure; Sec. 3, Rule 125, 2000
Rules of Criminal Procedure;
CONSING V. CA, 8/29/89; CRUZ V.
DENR, 12/6/00; ONG V. CA 370 SCRA
48 [2001]; IN RE LETTER, 3/13/12;
SUNTAY V. COJUANGCO, 10/10/12;
compare with constitutional
commissions: MENDOZA V.
COMELEC, 3/25/10
n. Requirements as to Decisions- Secs.
13-14, Art. VIII, 1987 Const;
ESTRADA V. DESIERTO 3/2/01 &
4/3/01; PILIPINAS V. CA 12/18/01;
PADUA V. RANADA 10/14/02;
GERMAN V. ENDAYA 11/25/04
o. Mandatory period for Deciding
Cases- Sec. 15, Art. VIII; par. 3, Sec.
18, Art. VII; Secs. 12-14, Art. XVIII,
1987 Const; RE: PROBLEM 11/28/01;
LICAOS V. SANDIGANBAYAN 370
SCRA 394 [2001]; ACUZAR V.
OCAMPO 3/15/04; REPORT 438 SCRA
363 [2004]; REPORT 535 SCRA 453
[2007]
2. Lower Courts
a. Qualifications- Secs. 7 (1)(2), 8 (5),
& 9, 1987 Const
b. Salary- Sec. 10, Art. VIII, 1987 Const
c. Congressional power to reorganize &
security of tenure- Secs. 2, par. 2, &
11, Art. VIII, 1987 Const; DE LA
LLANA V. ALBA 3/12/82
d. Removal- Sec. 11, Art. VIII, 1987
Const; PEOPLE V. GACOTT 7/13/95
e. Jurisdiction- Sec. 1, Art. VIII, 1987
Const; YNOT V. IAC 3/30/87
f. Requirements as to Decisions- Sec.
15, Art. VIII, 1987 Const
g. Mandatory period for deciding- Sec.
15, Art. VIII & Secs. 12-14, Art. XVIII,
1987 Const; ADAO V. LORENZO 316
SCRA 570 [1999]
3. Judicial & Bar Council- Sec. 8, Art. VIII,
1987 Const; CHAVEZ V. JBC, 4/16/13

23
 4. Automatic Release of Appropriations-
Sec. 3, Art. VIII, 1987 Const
5. Court Martial- REP V. ASUNCION 231
SCRA 211 [1994]

D. CONSTITUTIONAL COMMISSIONS
1. Civil Service Commission
a. Composition & Qualifications- Sec. 1
(1), Art. IX-B & Sec. 13, par. 2, Art.
VII, 1987 Const; CAYETANO V.
MONSOD 201 SCRA 210 [1991]
b. Appointment & Term/Prohibition on
Re-appointment- Sec. 1 (2), Art. IX-B,
1987 Constitution; NACIONALISTA V.
BAUTISTA 85 PHIL 101 [1949];
BRILLANTES V. YORAC, 12/18/90; NP
V. VERA 85 PHIL 149 [1951]; REP V.
IMPERIAL 96 PHIL 770 [1955];
GAMINDE V. COA 12/13/00; FUNA V.
THE CHAIRMAN, 4/24/12
c. Appointment of Personnel- Sec. 4,
Art. IX-A, 1987 Const
d. Salary- Sec. 17, Art. XVIII & Sec. 3,
Art. IX-A, 1987 Const
e. Disqualification- Sec. 2, Art. IX-A,
1987 Const
f. Impeachment- Sec. 2, Art. XI, 1987
Const
g. Scope- Sec. 2 (1), Art. IX-B & Sec.
16, Art. XII, 1987 Const; JUCO V.
NLRC 8/18/97; CAMPOREDONDO V.
NLRC, 8/6/99; PNCC V. FABION,
12/9/99; LEYSON V. OMBUDSMAN,
4/27/2000; BALUYOT V. HOLGANZA,
2/9/00; HDMF V. COA 432 SCRA 126
[2004]
h. Fiscal Autonomy- MARINA V. COA,
1/13/15; ARAULLO V. AQUINO, 2/3/15

2. Commission on Elections-LOONG V.
COMELEC 4/1/4/99; BUAC V. COMELEC
1/26/04; CIPRIANO V. COMELEC 8/10/04
a. Composition & Qualifications- Sec. 1
(1), Art. IX-C & Sec. 13, par. 2, Art.
VII, 1987 Const; CAYETANO V.
MONSOD 9/3/91
b. Appointment & Term/Prohibition on
Re-appointment- Sec. 1 (2), Art. IX-
C, 1987 Const; NACIONALISTA V.
BAUTISTA 12/7/49; BRILLANTES V.
YORAC, 12/18/90; NP V. VERA 85
PHIL 149 [1951]; REP V. IMPERIAL
3/31/55; GAMINDE V. COA 12/13/00;
FUNA V. THE CHAIRMAN, 4/24/12
c. Appointment of Personnel- Sec. 4,
Art. IX-C, 1987 Const

24
 d. Salary- Sec. 17, Art. XVIII & Sec. 3,
Art. IX-A, 1987 Const
e. Disqualification- Sec. 2, Art. IX-A,
1987 Const
f. Impeachment- Sec. 2, Art. XI, 1987
Const
g. Appeal- GANCES V. CA 259 SCRA 99
[1996]
h. Fiscal Autonomy- MARINA V. COA,
1/13/15; ARAULLO V. AQUINO, 2/3/15

3. Commission on Audit- AGUINALDO V.

SANDIGANBAYAN 265 SCRA 121 [1996];
DE JESUS V. COA 422 SCRA 287 [2004]
a. Composition & Qualifications- Sec. 1
(1), Art. IX-D & Sec. 12, par. 2, Art.
VII, 1987 Const; CAYETANO V.
MONSOD 9/3/91
b. Appointment & Term/Prohibition on
Re-appointment-Sec. 1 (2), Art. IX-D,
1987 Const; NACIONALISTA V.
BAUTISTA 12/7/49; BRILLANTES V.
YORAC, 12/18/90; NP V. VERA 85
PHIL 149 [1951]; REP V. IMPERIAL
3/31/55; GAMINDE V. COA 12/13/00;
FUNA V. THE CHAIRMAN, 4/24/12
c. Appointment of Personnel- Sec. 4,
Art. IX-A, 1987 Const
d. Salary- Sec. 17, Art. XVIII & Sec. 3,
Art. IX-A, 1987 Const
e. Disqualification- Sec. 2, Art. IX-A,
1987 Const
f. Coverage- STRATEGIC V. RADSTOCK,
12/4/09; NHA V. ROXAS, 10/21/15
g. Impeachment- Sec. 2, Art. XI, 1987
Const
h. Appeal- REYES V. COA 305 SCRA 512
[1999]
i. Fiscal Autonomy- MARINA V. COA,
1/13/15; ARAULLO V. AQUINO, 2/3/15

VI. AMENDING PROCESS OF THE

CONSTITUTION:
1. Basis: Section 1, Article II, 1987 Const
2. Proposal- Secs. 1-2, Article XVII, 1987
Const; GONZALES V. COMELEC 11/9/67
A. By Congress- Sec 1, Art. XVII, 1935
Const & Art. XV, 1987 Const; GONZALES
V. COMELEC 11/9/67
B. By Constitutional Convention- Sec. 3,
Art. XVII, 1987 Const; GONZALES V.
COMELEC 11/9/67
C. By the People through Initiative- Sec. 2,
Art. XVII, 1987 Const; Secs. 5 & 9 (b),
R.A. No. 6735; SANTIAGO V. COMELEC
3/19/97; LAMBINO V. COMELEC,

25
 10/25/06; LAMBINO V. COMELEC,
11/21/06; MARMETO V. COMELEC,
9/26/17
3. Ratification
A. Proposed by Congress/Consti.
Convention- par. 1, Sec. 4, Art. XVII,
1987 Const
B. Proposed by Initiative- par. 2, Sec. 4,
Art. XVII, 1987 Const
C. Plebiscite by Congress/Supervised by
COMELEC
4. Theories on the Position of Constitutional
Convention in Philippine Government
System- TOLENTINO V. COMELEC 41 SCRA
701 [1971]
5. Judicial Review on the Amending Process-
par 1, Sec. 1, Art. VIII, 1987 Cons.;
GONZALES V. COMELEC 11/9/67;
TOLENTINO V. COMELEC 11/4/71;
JAVELLANA V. EXEC 3/31/72; LAMBINO V.
COMELEC, 10/25/06

REPORTS/SPECIAL - TO BE GIVEN AT THE START OF THE CLASS

PAPER OR
PRESENTATION

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