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RESTRICTED USE PESTICIDE

DUE TO THE HIGH ACUTE INHALATION TOXICITY OF PHOSPHINE GAS
For retail sale to Dealers and Certified Applicators only. For use by Certified Applicators or persons under their direct
supervision, and only for those uses covered by the Certified Applicator’s certification. Refer to the directions in this
Applicator’s Manual for requirements of the physical presence of a Certified Applicator.

THE COMPLETE LABEL FOR THIS PRODUCT CONSISTS OF THE CONTAINER LABEL AND THE APPLICATOR’S
MANUAL WHICH MUST ACCOMPANY THE PRODUCT. READ AND UNDERSTAND THE ENTIRE LABELING AND
APPLICATOR’S MANUAL.
A FUMIGATION MANAGEMENT PLAN MUST BE WRITTEN FOR ALL FUMIGATIONS PRIOR TO ACTUAL TREATMENT.
CONSULT WITH YOUR STATE LEAD PESTICIDE REGULATORY AGENCY TO DETERMINE REGULATORY STATUS,
REQUIREMENTS, AND RESTRICTIONS FOR FUMIGATION USE IN THAT STATE. CALL 1-800-438-6071 IF YOU HAVE
ANY QUESTIONS OR DO NOT UNDERSTAND ANY PART OF THIS LABELING.

APPLICATOR’S MANUAL FOR

Aluminum Phosphide Fumigant
Tablets, Pellets and Gas Bags

TABLETS - PELLETS - GAS BAGS

®

Aluminum Phosphide Fumigant

FOR USE AGAINST INSECTS WHICH INFEST STORED COMMODITIES AND
CONTROL OF BURROWING PESTS
Active Ingredient: Aluminum Phosphide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.0%
Other Ingredients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.0%
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0%

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN

DANGER - POISON – PELIGRO
THE USE OF THIS PRODUCT IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED ON SINGLE AND MULTI-FAMILY RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES
AND NURSING HOMES, SCHOOL (EXCEPT ATHLETIC FIELDS) DAYCARE FACILITIES AND HOSPITALS.
PRECAUCION AL USUARIO: Si usted no leé ingles, no use este producto hasta que la etiqueta se le haya sido explicado ampliamente.
(TO THE USER: If you cannot read English, do not use this product until the label has been fully explained to you.)
FOR CHEMICAL EMERGENCY, SPILL, LEAK, FIRE, EXPOSURE OR ACCIDENT CALL CHEMTREC 1-800-424-9300
EPA Registration Nos. 70506-13, 70506-14, and 70506-15 EPA Establishment No. 41876-IND-1
Manufactured for:
United Phosphorus, Inc.
630 Freedom Business Center, Suite 402
King of Prussia, PA 19406
1-800-438-6071 • www.upi-usa.com
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
1. FIRST AID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2. NOTE TO PHYSICIAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4. PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4.1 Hazards to Humans and Domestic Animals
4.2 Environmental Hazards
4.3 Physical and Chemical Hazards
5. DIRECTIONS FOR USE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6. PESTS CONTROLLED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
7. COMMODITIES WHICH MAY BE FUMIGATED WITH WEEVIL-CIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
7.1 Raw Agricultural Commodities, Animal Feed and Feed Ingredients
7.2 Processed Foods
7.3 Nonfood Commodities, Including Tobacco
8. EXPOSURE CONDITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
9. DOSAGE RATES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
9.1 Maximum Allowable Dosage for Fumigation with WEEVIL-CIDE®
9.2 WEEVIL-CIDE® Advisory Dosage Rates for Various Types of Fumigation
10. PROTECTIVE CLOTHING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
10.1 Gloves
11. RESPIRATORY PROTECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
11.1 When Respiratory Protection Must Be Worn
11.2 Permissible Gas Concentration Ranges for Respiratory Protection Devices
11.3 Requirements for Availability of Respiratory Protection
12. REQUIREMENTS FOR CERTIFIED APPLICATOR’S PRESENCE AND TRAINING FOR
RECEIPT OF IN-TRANSIT VEHICLES UNDER FUMIGATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
12.1 Requirements for the Presence of a Certified Applicator
12.2 Requirements for Authorized Training for Receipt of In-Transit Vehicles Under Fumigation
13. GAS DETECTION EQUIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
14. NOTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
14.1 Authorities and On-Site Workers
14.2 Incidents Involving These Products
14.3 Theft of Products
15. APPLICATOR AND WORKER EXPOSURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
15.1 Exposure Limits
15.2 Application of Fumigant
15.3 Leakage from Fumigated Sites
15.4 Aeration and Reentry
15.5 Handling Unaerated Commodities
15.6 Industrial Hygiene Monitoring
15.7 Engineering Controls and Work Practices
16. PLACARDING OF FUMIGATED AREAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
17. SEALING OF STRUCTURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
18. AERATION OF FUMIGATED COMMODITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
18.1 Foods and Feeds
18.2 Non-Food Commodities
18.3 Tobacco

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TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)

PAGE
19. STORAGE INSTRUCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
19.1 Labeling of Storage
20. TRANSPORT INSTRUCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
20.1 Transportation Designations
20.2 Transportation Exemption
21. FUMIGATION MANAGEMENT PLAN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
STEPS FOR PREPARATION OF A FUMIGATION PLAN
21.1 Purpose
21.2 A Checklist for a Fumigation Management Plan
A. Preliminary Planning and Preparation
B. Personnel
C. Monitoring
D. Notification
E. Sealing Procedures
F. Application Procedures and Fumigation Period
G. Post-Application Operations
22. APPLICATION PROCEDURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
22.1 Farm Bins
22.2 Flat Storages
22.3 Vertical Storages
22.4 Mills, Food Processing Plants and Warehouses
22.5 Railcars, Containers, Trucks, Vans, and other Transport Vehicles
22.6 Tarpaulin and Bunker Fumigations
22.7 In-Transit Shipholds
22.8 Small Sealable Enclosures
22.9 Beehives, Supers and Other Bee Keeping Equipment
22.10 Burrowing Pest Control
23. ENDANGERED SPECIES RESTRICTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
24. DISPOSAL INSTRUCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
24.1 General
24.2 Disposal of Aluminum Flasks
24.3 Directions for Disposal of Residual Dust from WEEVIL-CIDE® Pellets and Tablets
24.4 Directions for Deactivation of Partially Spent Residual Dust from WEEVIL-CIDE® Pellets and Tablets
24.5 Directions for Deactivation of Partially Spent Residual Dust from WEEVIL-CIDE® Gas Bags
25. SPILL AND LEAK PROCEDURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
25.1 General Precautions and Directions
25.2 Directions for Deactivation by Wet Method

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SECTION 1 SECTION 2
FIRST AID NOTE TO PHYSICIAN
Aluminum phosphide in WEEVIL-CIDE® Tablets, Pellets and Gas
FIRST AID: Symptoms of exposure to this product are
headaches, dizziness, nausea, difficult breathing, vomiting, and Bags reacts with moisture from the air, water, acids and many
diarrhea. In all cases of overexposure get medical attention other liquids to release phosphine gas. Mild inhalation exposure
immediately. Transport victim to a doctor or emergency treat- causes malaise (indefinite feeling of sickness), ringing of ears,
ment facility. fatigue, nausea, and pressure in the chest, which is relieved by
removal to fresh air. Moderate poisoning causes weakness, vom-
IF INHALED • Move person to fresh air. iting, and pain just above the stomach, chest pain, diarrhea and
• If person is not breathing, call 911 or an dyspnea (difficulty in breathing). Symptoms of severe poisoning
ambulance, then give artificial respiration may occur within a few hours to several days, resulting in pul-
immediately, preferably by mouth-to- monary edema (fluid in lungs) and may lead to dizziness, cyanosis
mouth if possible. (blue or purple skin color), unconsciousness, and death.
• Keep warm and make sure person can
In sufficient quantity, phosphine affects the liver, kidneys, lungs,
breathe freely.
nervous system, and circulatory system. Inhalation can cause
• Call a poison control center or doctor for
lung edema (fluid in lungs) and hyperemia (fluid in brain).
further treatment advice.
Ingestion can cause lung and brain symptoms but damage to the
IF SWALLOWED • Call a poison control center or doctor viscera (body cavity organs) is more common. Phosphine poi-
immediately for treatment advice. soning may result in (1) pulmonary edema, (2) liver elevated
• Do not induce vomiting unless told to do serum GOT, LDH and alkaline phosphatase, reduced prothrom-
so by a poison control center or doctor. bin, hemorrhage and jaundice (yellow skin color) and (3) kidney
• Vomiting may off-gas and release phos- hematuria (blood in urine) and anuria (abnormal lack of urination).
phine, which could pose a risk of second- Pathology is characterized by hypoxia (oxygen deficiency in
ary contamination. body tissue). Frequent exposure to subacute concentrations
• Do not give water (potential additional for- over a period of days or weeks may cause poisoning. Treatment
mation of phosphine) unless authorized by is symptomatic.
a physician.
• Do not give anything by mouth to an SECTION 3
unconscious person.
INTRODUCTION
IF ON SKIN OR • Brush or shake material off clothes and
CLOTHING shoes in a well-ventilated area. Allow WEEVIL-CIDE® products are used to protect stored commodities
clothes to aerate in a ventilated area prior from damage by insects. In limited areas, applications of
to laundering. WEEVIL-CIDE® may be made to control burrowing vertebrate
• Do not leave contaminated clothing in pests. The use of this product is strictly prohibited on single and
occupied and/or confined areas such as multi-family residential properties and nursing homes, schools
automobiles, vans, motel rooms, etc. (except athletic fields), daycare facilities and hospitals. For a list
• Wash contaminated skin thoroughly with of approved sites see Section 22.
soap and water. Fumigation of stored products with WEEVIL-CIDE® in the man-
ner prescribed in the labeling does not contaminate the market-
IF IN EYES • Hold eye open and rinse slowly and gen-
ed commodity.
tly with water for 15 - 20 minutes.
• Remove contact lenses, if present, after WEEVIL-CIDE® metal fumigants are acted upon by atmospheric
the first 5 minutes, then continue rinsing moisture to produce phosphine (PH3) gas.
eye. WEEVIL-CIDE® Tablets, Pellets and Gas Bags contain aluminum
• Call a poison control center or doctor for phosphide (AlP) as their active ingredient and will liberate phos-
further treatment advice. phine via the following chemical reaction:
AlP + 3H2O ➔ Al(OH)3 + PH3
EMERGENCY CONTACT NUMBER
CALL CHEMTREC 1-800-424-9300 Phosphine gas is highly toxic to insects, burrowing pests,
humans, and other forms of animal life. In addition to its toxic
Have the product container or label with you when calling
properties, the gas will corrode certain metals and may ignite
a poison control center or doctor, or going for treatment.
spontaneously in air at concentrations above its lower flamma-
Contact the Rocky Mountain Poison Center 866-673-6671 ble limit of 1.8% (v/v). These hazards will be described in greater
for assistance with human or animal medical emergencies. detail in Section 4 of this Applicator’s Manual.
WEEVIL-CIDE® Tablets and Pellets also contain ammonium car-
bamate, which liberates ammonia and carbon dioxide as follows:
NH2COONH4 ➔ 2NH3 + CO2
These gases are essentially nonflammable and act as inerting
agents to reduce fire hazards.

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WEEVIL-CIDE® is prepared in three forms: Tablets, Pellets and 4.2 ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
Gas Bags. The rounded Tablets weigh approximately 3 grams This product is toxic to wildlife. Many non-target organisms
and release 1 gram of phosphine gas. They are about 16.5 mm exposed to phosphine gas in burrows will be killed. Do not apply
in diameter and are bulk packaged in resealable aluminum flasks directly to water or wetlands (swamps, bogs, marshes, and pot-
containing 500 tablets. holes). Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or
The Pellets weigh approximately 0.6 gram and release 0.2 gram disposal of wastes.
of phosphine gas. They are about 9.5 mm in diameter and are 4.3 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL HAZARDS
also packaged in resealable flasks containing either 1660 or
Aluminum phosphide in Tablets, Pellets, Gas Bags and partially
2500 pellets.
spent dust will release phosphine if exposed to moisture from the
Each Gas Bag contains 34 grams in a sachet and releases air or if it comes into contact with water, acids and many other
11 grams of phosphine gas. The sachets, or Gas Bags, are pack- liquids. Since phosphine may ignite spontaneously at levels
aged in metal containers of six, ten or one hundred gas bags to above its lower flammable limit of 1.8% v/v (18,000 ppm), it is
the container. Other package sizes may be available. The Gas important not to exceed this concentration. Ignition of high con-
Bags are packaged in an inert environment. centrations of phosphine can produce a very energetic reaction.
Upon exposure to air, WEEVIL-CIDE® Tablets, Pellets, and Gas Explosions can occur under these conditions and may cause
Bags begin to react with atmospheric moisture to produce small severe personal injury. Never allow the buildup of phosphine
quantities of phosphine gas. This reaction starts slowly, gradual- to exceed explosive concentrations. Do not confine spent or
ly accelerates and then tapers off again as the aluminum phos- partially spent metal phosphide fumigants as the slow release of
phide is spent. WEEVIL-CIDE® Pellets react somewhat faster phosphine from this material may result in formation of an explo-
than Tablets and the pellets and tablets react somewhat faster sive atmosphere. Aluminum phosphide Tablets, Pellets and Gas
than do the Gas Bags. The rates of decomposition of the Tablets, Bags outside the containers should not be stacked or piled up
Pellets and Gas Bags will vary depending upon moisture and or contacted with liquid water. This may cause a temperature
temperature conditions. For example, when moisture and tem- increase, accelerate the rate of gas production and confine the
perature of the fumigated commodity are high, decomposition of gas so that ignition could occur.
WEEVIL-CIDE® may be complete in less than 3 days. However, It is preferable to open containers of aluminum phosphide prod-
at lower ambient temperatures and humidity levels, decomposi- ucts in open air because under certain conditions, they may flash
tion of WEEVIL-CIDE® may require 5 days or more. After decom- upon opening. Containers may also be opened near a fan or
position, WEEVIL-CIDE® leaves a gray-white powder composed other appropriate ventilation that will rapidly exhaust contami-
almost entirely of aluminum hydroxide and other approved inert nated air. When opening, invert the container several times then
ingredients. This will cause no problems if the fumigant has been point the container away from the face and body and slowly
added directly to a commodity such as grain. However, the spent loosen the cap. Although the chances for a flash are very remote,
powder must usually be retrieved for disposal after space fumi- never open these containers in a flammable atmosphere. These
gations. If properly exposed, the spent WEEVIL-CIDE® will nor- precautions will also reduce the fumigator’s exposure to phos-
mally contain only a small amount of unreacted aluminum phine gas. If containers are opened inside the structure to be
phosphide and may be disposed of without hazard. While fumigated, air monitoring must be conducted to ensure worker’s
WEEVIL-CIDE® is not considered a hazardous waste, partially exposure to phosphine gas does not exceed the allowable limit
spent residual dusts from incompletely exposed WEEVIL-CIDE® of 8 hour Time Weighted Average (TWA) of 0.3 ppm or the
will require special care. Precautions and instructions for further 15 minute Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL) of 1.0 ppm
deactivation and disposal are given in Section 24 of this Phosphine.
Applicator’s Manual.
Pure phosphine gas is practically insoluble in water, fats and oils,
WEEVIL-CIDE® Tablets, Pellets and Gas Bags are supplied in and is stable at normal fumigation temperatures. However, it may
gas-tight containers and their shelf life is unlimited as long as the react with certain metals and cause corrosion, especially at high-
packaging remains intact. Once opened for fumigation, the alu- er temperatures and relative humidities. Metals such as copper,
minum flasks of Tablets or Pellets may be tightly resealed and brass and other copper alloys, and precious metals such as gold
stored for future use. The WEEVIL-CIDE Gas Bags container and silver are susceptible to corrosion by phosphine. Thus, small
cannot be resealed for future use. Storage and handling instruc- electric motors, smoke detectors, brass sprinkler heads, batter-
tions will be given in detail later in Sections 19 and 22 of the ies and battery chargers, fork lifts, temperature monitoring sys-
Applicator’s Manual. tems, switching gears, communication devices, computers,
calculators and other electrical equipment should be protected
SECTION 4 or removed before fumigation. Phosphine gas will also react with
PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS certain metallic salts and, therefore, sensitive items such as pho-
tographic film, some inorganic pigments, etc., should not be
4.1 HAZARDS TO HUMANS AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS exposed. Immediately after addition of phosphine to the struc-
DANGER: Aluminum phosphide from WEEVIL-CIDE® Tablets, ture, turn off any lights and unessential electric equipment.
Pellets, Gas Bags or dust may be fatal if swallowed. Do not get in WEEVIL-CIDE® Tablets, Pellets and Gas Bags are Restricted Use
eyes, on skin or on clothing. Do not eat, drink or smoke while han- Pesticides due to the acute inhalation toxicity of phosphine gas.
dling aluminum phosphide fumigants. If a sealed container is Read and follow the complete label, which contains instructions
opened, or if the material comes into contact with moisture, water for the authorized use(s) of the pesticide.
or acids, these products will release phosphine which is an
Additional copies of this Manual are available from:
extremely toxic gas. If a garlic odor is detected, refer to the
Industrial Hygiene Monitoring in Section 15.6 of this Applicator’s United Phosphorus, Inc.
Manual for appropriate monitoring procedures. Pure phosphine 630 Freedom Business Center
gas is odorless; the garlic odor is due to a contaminant. Since the King of Prussia, PA 19406
odor of phosphine may not be detected under some circum- Telephone: 1 610-491-2800/1-800-438-6071
stances, the absence of a garlic odor does not mean that danger- Fax: 1-610-491-2810
ous levels of phosphine gas are absent. Observe proper reentry Web site: www.upi-usa.com
procedures specified in Section 15.4 to prevent overexposure.
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Although it is possible to achieve total control of the listed bur-

SECTION 5 rowing and insect pests, this is frequently not realized in actual
DIRECTIONS FOR USE practice. Factors contributing to less than 100% control include
leaks, poor gas distribution, unfavorable exposure conditions,
It is a violation of federal law to use this product in a manner
etc. In addition, some insects are less susceptible to phosphine
inconsistent with its labeling.
than others. If maximum control is to be attained, extreme care
must be taken in sealing, higher dosages must be used, expo-
SECTION 6 sure periods lengthened, proper application procedures fol-
PESTS CONTROLLED lowed, and temperature and humidity conditions must be
WEEVIL-CIDE® has been found to be effective against vertebrate favorable.
and the following: (insects and their pre-adult stages, that is,
eggs, larvae and pupae) SECTION 7
almond moth COMMODITIES WHICH MAY BE FUMIGATED WITH
Angoumois grain moth WEEVIL-CIDE®
bean weevil WEEVIL-CIDE may be used for the fumigation of listed raw agri-
®

bees cultural commodities, animal feed and feed ingredients,

processed foods, tobacco and certain other nonfood items when
Cadelle
their commodity temperature is above 40ºF (5ºC).
cereal leaf beetle
7.1 RAW AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, ANIMAL FEED
cigarette beetle
AND FEED INGREDIENTS
confused flour beetle
WEEVIL-CIDE® Tablets, Pellets and Gas Bags may be added
dermestid beetles directly to animal feed, feed ingredients and raw agricultural
dried fruit beetle commodities stored in bulk. For these commodities not stored in
dried fruit moth bulk, WEEVIL-CIDE® may be placed in moisture-permeable
European grain moth envelopes, on trays, etc., and fumigated as with processed
flat grain beetle foods.
fruit flies Raw Agricultural Commodities and Animal Feed and Feed
granary weevil Ingredients Which May Be Fumigated with WEEVIL-CIDE®
greater wax moth almonds
hairy fungus beetle animal feed & feed ingredients
Hessian fly barley
Indian meal moth Brazil nuts
Khapra beetle cashews
lesser grain borer cocoa beans
maize weevil coffee beans
Mediterranean flour moth corn
Pea Weevil cottonseed
pink bollworm dates
raisin moth filberts
red flour beetle flower seed
rice weevil grass seed
rusty grain beetle millet
saw-toothed grain beetle oats
spider beetle peanuts
tobacco moth pecans
yellow meal worm pistachio nuts
Africanized bees & honeybees infested with/tracheal mites popcorn
rice
Vertebrate pests
rye
Chipmunks
safflower seed
Ground squirrels
seed & pod vegetables
Mice
sesame seed
Moles
sorghum
Norway rats
soybeans
Pocket gophers
sunflower seeds
Prairie dogs (except Utah prairie dogs, Cynomys Parvidens)
triticale
Roof rats
vegetable seeds
Voles
walnuts
Woodchucks
wheat
Yellowbelly marmots (rockchucks)

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7.2 PROCESSED FOODS The use of this product is strictly prohibited on single and
The listed processed foods may be fumigated with multi-family residential properties and nursing homes,
WEEVIL-CIDE®. Under no condition shall any processed food or schools (except athletic fields), daycare facilities and hospi-
bagged commodity come in contact with WEEVIL-CIDE® tals. For a list of approved sites, see Section 22.
Tablets, Pellets or Gas Bags or residual dust except that
WEEVIL-CIDE® may be added directly to processed brewer’s SECTION 8
rice, malt, and corn grits for use in the manufacture of beer.
EXPOSURE CONDITIONS FOR ALL FUMIGATIONS
Processed Foods Which May Be Fumigated The following table may be used as a guide in determining the min-
With WEEVIL-CIDE® imum length of the exposure period at the indicated temperatures:
Processed candy and sugar
Minimum Exposure Periods for WEEVIL-CIDE®
Cereal flours and bakery mixes
Cereal foods (including cookies, crackers, macaroni, noodles, Temperature Pellets Tablets Gas Bags
pasta, pretzels, snack foods and spaghetti)
Processed cereals (including milled fractions and packaged 40°F (5°C) Do not fumigate Do not fumigate Do not fumigate
cereals) 40°- 53°F 8 days 10 days 14 days
Cheese and cheese byproducts (5-12°C) (192 hours) (240 hours) (336 hours)
Chocolate and chocolate products (such as assorted chocolate,
chocolate liquor, cocoa, cocoa powder, dark chocolate coating 54°- 59°F 4 days 5 days 9 days
(12-15°C) (96 hours) (120 hours) (216 hours)
and milk chocolate products)
Processed coffee 60°- 68°F 3 days 4 days 6 days
Corn grits (16-20°C) (72 hours) (96 hours) (144 hours)
Cured, dried and processed meat products and dried fish
above 68°F 2 days 3 days 4 days
Dates and figs (20°C) (48 hours) (72 hours) (96 hours)
Dried eggs and egg yolk solids
Dried milk, dried powdered milk, nondairy creamers, and nonfat above 77°F 3 days
--- ---
(25°C) (72 hours)
dried milk
Dried or dehydrated fruits (such as apples, dates, figs, peaches,
The fumigation must be long enough so as to provide for ade-
pears, prunes, raisins, citrus and sultanas)
quate control of the insect pests that infest the commodity being
Processed herbs, spices, seasonings and condiments treated. Additionally, the fumigation period should be long
Malt enough to allow for more or less complete reaction of
Processed nuts (such as almonds, apricot kernels, brazil nuts, WEEVIL-CIDE® with moisture so that little or no unreacted alu-
cashews, filberts, macadamia nuts, peanuts, pecans, pistachio minum phosphide remains. This will minimize worker exposures
nuts, walnuts and other processed nuts) during further storage and/or processing of the treated bulk
Processed oats (including oatmeal) commodity as well as reduce hazards during the disposal of par-
Rice (brewer’s rice grits, enriched and polished) tially spent aluminum phosphide products remaining after space
Soybean flour and milled fractions fumigations. The proper length of the fumigation period will vary
with exposure conditions since, in general, insects are more dif-
Processed tea
ficult to control at lower temperatures, and the rate of phosphine
Dried and dehydrated vegetables (such as beans, carrots, lentils, gas production by WEEVIL-CIDE® is lower at lower temperatures
peas, potato flour, potato products and spinach) and humidities.
Yeast (including primary yeast) It should be noted that there is little to be gained by extending
Wild rice the exposure period if the structure to be fumigated has not been
Other processed foods carefully sealed or if the distribution of gas is poor and insects
7.3 NONFOOD COMMODITIES, INCLUDING TOBACCO are not subjected to lethal concentrations of phosphine. Careful
The listed nonfood items that may be fumigated with sealing is required to ensure that adequate gas levels are
WEEVIL-CIDE® Tablets, Pellets, Gas Bags or residual dust should retained and proper application procedures must be followed to
not contact tobacco and certain other nonfood commodities. provide satisfactory distribution of phosphine gas. Application of
additional WEEVIL-CIDE® is recommended if the concentration
Nonfood Commodities Which May Be Fumigated of phosphine drops below an effective level. If reentry into the
With WEEVIL-CIDE® treated structure is required, follow the requirements for respira-
Processed or unprocessed cotton, wool and other natural fibers tory protection usage found in Section 11 of this Manual. Some
or cloth, clothing structures can only be treated when completely tarped while oth-
Straw and hay ers cannot be properly sealed by any means and should not be
Feathers fumigated. Exposure times must be lengthened to allow for pen-
Human hair, rubberized hair, vulcanized hair, mohair etration of gas throughout the commodity when the fumigant is
not uniformly added to the commodity mass, for example, by
Leather products, animal hides and furs
surface application or shallow probing. This is particularly impor-
Tires (for mosquito control) tant in the fumigation of bulk commodities contained in large
Tobacco storage areas.
Wood, cut trees, wood chips, wood and bamboo products Remember, exposure periods recommended in the table are
Paper and paper products minimum periods and may not be adequate to control all stored
Dried plants and flowers products pests under all conditions nor will they always provide
Seeds (such as grass seed, ornamental herbaceous plant seed for total reaction of WEEVIL-CIDE®.
and vegetable seed)
Other nonfood commodities
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It is permissible and often desirable to use a low-flow recircula-

tion system for phosphine gas in certain bulk storages. This
method may be used in ship’s holds, various types of flat stor-
age and vertical storage bins. Recirculation usually involves the
application of fumigant to the surface of the commodity. The
phosphine gas is then continuously or intermittently drawn out
of the over-space and blown into the bottom of the storage using
specially designed low volume fans and duct work. This method
facilitates the quick and uniform penetration of phosphine gas
throughout the commodity. In some instances a reduced dosage
may be used.
Please contact United Phosphorus if assistance is required in
designing recirculation systems.

SECTION 9
DOSAGE RATES
Dosage Rates
Phosphine is a mobile gas and will penetrate to all parts of the
storage structure. Therefore, dosage must be based upon the
total volume of the space being treated and not on the amount of
commodity it contains. The same amount of WEEVIL-CIDE® is
required to treat a 30,000-bushel silo whether it is empty or full of
grain unless, of course, a tarpaulin seals off the surface of the
commodity. The following dosage ranges are recommended for
bulk (per 1,000 bushels) and space fumigations (per 1,000 cu. ft.):
9.1 MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE DOSAGE FOR FUMIGATION
WITH WEEVIL-CIDE®

Product No. per 1,000 cu. ft.* No. per 1,000 bu.*

Pellets 725 900

Tablets 145 180

Gas Bags 13 16

*NOTE: The Maximum Dosage allowed for dates and nuts is

4 bags per 1,000 cu. ft.
The maximum dosage for dried fruits is 200 pellets,
40 tablets, 4 gas bags/1,000 cu. ft. (250 pellets,
50 tablets, 6 gas bags/1,000 bu.).
Maximum allowable dosage rate for rodent burrows is
10-20 pellets per burrow, 2-4 tablets per burrow.
Maximum allowable dosage rate for commodity in small
containers is 1-2 pellets per 10 cu. ft.
The above dosages are not to be exceeded. It is important to
be aware that a shortened exposure period cannot be fully com-
pensated for with an increased dosage of phosphine.
Somewhat higher dosages, not to exceed the maximum dosage,
are usually recommended under cooler, drier conditions or where
exposure periods are relatively short. However, the major factor
in selection of dosage is the ability of the structure to hold phos-
phine gas during the fumigation. A good illustration of this point
is comparison of the low dosages required to treat modern, well-
sealed warehouses with the higher range doses used for poorly
constructed buildings that cannot be sealed adequately. In cer-
tain other fumigations, proper distribution of insecticidal concen-
trations of gas to reach all parts of the structure becomes a very
important factor in dose selection. An example where this may
occur is in the treatment of grain stored in tall silos. Poor gas dis-
tribution frequently results when the fumigant is added on top of
the grain. In such cases, use of a low flow recirculation system
is recommended under these circumstances. Please contact
United Phosphorus if assistance is required in designing the
recirculation system.

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9.2 WEEVIL-CIDE® ADVISORY DOSAGE RATES FOR VARIOUS TYPES OF FUMIGATION

One (1) WEEVIL-CIDE® Tablet and five (5) Pellets will produce a concentration of 25 parts per million (ppm) of phosphine gas (PH3)
in a volume of 1,000 cu. ft. (1 g PH3/1,000 cu. ft. equivalent to 25 ppm). One (1) WEEVIL-CIDE ® Gas Bag will produce a concentra-
tion of 275 parts per million (11 g PH3/1,000 cu. ft. equivalent to 275 ppm).
Although it is permissible to use the maximum dosage listed in Section 9.2, the following table lists a range of dosages which can
be used as a guideline for various types of fumigation.
The higher rate under conditions of severe infestation, lower temperature and other applicable variables.
Dosage Range

Type of Fumigation No. of Pellets No. of Tablets No. of Gas Bags

1. Vertical Storages (such as silos, concrete bins, steel bins, 200-900/1,000 bu. 40-80/1,000 bu. 4-7/1,000 bu.
tanks, etc.) 150-700/1,000 cu. ft. 30-140/1,000 cu. ft. 3-6/1,000 cu. ft.
450-900/1,000 bu. 90-180/1,000 bu. 8-16/1,000 bu.
2. Farm Bins (Butler Type)
350-725/1,000 cu. ft. 70-145/1,000 cu. ft. 6-13/1,000 cu. ft.
3. Bulk stored commodities in flat storage, bunkers and
450-900/1,000 bu. 90-180/1,000 bu. 6-16/1,000 bu.
commodities stored on ground loosely piled under gas tight
350-725/1,000 cu. ft. 70-145/1,000 cu. ft. 5-13/1,000 cu. ft.
covering.
4. Packaged commodities (bagged grain, process foods, etc.)
150-450/1,000 cu. ft. 30-90/1,000 cu. ft. 3-6/1,000 cu. ft.
in sealable enclosures.

5. Nuts, dates or dried fruit in storage boxes. 100-200/1,000 cu. ft. 20-40/1,000 cu. ft. 2-4/1,000 cu. ft.

125-250/1,000 bu. 25-50/1,000 bu.

6. Nuts, dates or dried fruit in bulk. 2-4/1,000 cu. ft.
100-200/1,000 cu. ft. 20-40/1,000 cu. ft.
7. Railcars, containers, trucks, vans and other transport
225-500/1,000 cu. ft. 45-145/1,000 cu. ft. 3-6/1,000 cu. ft.
vehicles
8. Space fumigation such as cereal mills, feed mills, food
100-300/1,000 cu. ft. 20-60/1,000 cu. ft. 2-6/1,000 cu. ft.
processing plants & warehouses

9. Stored Tobacco 100-250/1,000 cu. ft. 20-50/1,000 cu. ft. 2-4/1,000 cu. ft.

10. Non-food products 150-450/1,000 cu. ft. 30-90/1,000 cu. ft. ---

11. Stored beehives, supers and other beekeeping equipment

for wax moth control and Africanized honeybees with 150-225/1,000 cu. ft. 30-45/1,000 cu. ft. 3-4/1,000 cu. ft.
tracheal mites and foulbrood.
300-900/1,000 bu. 60-80/1,000 bu. 4-9/1,000 bu.
12. Barges
250-725/1,000 cu. ft. 50-145/1,000 cu. ft. 3-7/1,000 cu. ft.
200-400/1,000 bu. 40-80/1,000 bu. 4-7/1,000 bu.
13. Shipholds
150-330/1,000 cu. ft. 30-66/1,000 cu. ft. 3-6/1,000 cu. ft.
1-2 pellets per 1 bag per
14. Commodity in small containers ---
1.4 to 10 cu. ft. 77-500 cu. ft.

15. Rodent burrows 10-20 per burrow 2-4 per burrow ---

Use higher dosages in structures that are of loose construction and in the fumigation of bulk stored commodities in which diffusion
will be slowed and result in poor distribution of phosphine gas.

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12.2 Training requirements for receipt of in-transit vehicles

SECTION 10 under fumigation:
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING The trained person(s) must be trained by a Certified Applicator
following the EPA accepted product applicator’s manual that
10.1 GLOVES
must precede or be attached to the outside of a transport vehi-
Wear dry gloves of cotton or other material if contact with tablets, cle; or by other training which is accepted by local and or state
pellets, or dust is likely. Gloves should remain dry during use. authorities. When training has been completed and the employ-
Wash hands thoroughly after handling aluminum phosphide ee demonstrates safety knowledge proficiency, the training date
products. Aerate used gloves and other clothing that may be must be logged and maintained in the employee’s safety training
contaminated in a well-ventilated area prior to laundering. record for a minimum of three years. Refresher training must be
done on an annual basis.
SECTION 11 This training must cover the following items, each of which may
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION be found in this manual:
11.1 WHEN RESPIRATORY PROTECTION MUST BE WORN a. How to aerate the vehicle and verify that it contains no more
than 0.3-ppm phosphine.
Respiratory protection is required when concentration levels of
phosphine are unknown OR
b. How to transfer the commodity to another storage area
11.2 PERMISSIBLE GAS CONCENTRATION RANGES FOR
without prior aeration and ensure that worker safety limits
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION DEVICES
are not being exceeded during the transfer.
A NIOSH/MSHA approved full-face gas mask - phosphine can-
c. How to determine when respiratory protection must be
ister combination may be used at levels up to 15 ppm or follow-
worn.
ing manufacturer’s use conditions instructions for escape.
Above 15 ppm or in situations where the phosphine concentra- d. How to protect workers and nearby persons from exposure
tion is unknown, a NIOSH/MSHA approved, self-contained to levels above the 8-hour time weighted average (TWA) of
breathing apparatus (SCBA) must be worn. The NIOSH/OSHA 0.3 ppm or the 15 minute TWA short-term exposure limit
Pocket Guide DHHS (NIOSH) 97-140 or the NIOSH ALERT – (STEL) of 1.0 ppm phosphine.
Preventing Phosphine Poisoning and Explosions During e. Proper removal of placards from the vehicle.
Fumigation lists these and other types of approved respirators f. How to follow proper residual disposal instruction.
and the concentration limits at which they may be used.
11.3 REQUIREMENTS FOR AVAILABILITY OF SECTION 13
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION GAS DETECTION EQUIPMENT
If WEEVIL-CIDE® is to be applied from within the structure to be There are a number of devices on the market for the measure-
fumigated, an approved full-face gas mask - phosphine canister ment of phosphine gas at both industrial hygiene and fumigation
combination or SCBA or its equivalent must be available at the levels. Glass detection tubes used in conjunction with the appro-
site of application in case it is needed. Respiratory protection priate hand-operated air sampling pumps are widely used.
must also be available for applications from outside the area to These devices are portable, simple to use, do not require exten-
be fumigated such as addition of tablets or pellets or automatic sive training and are relatively rapid, inexpensive and accurate.
dispensing devices, outdoor applications, etc. Electronic devices are also available for both low level and high
phosphine gas readings. Such devices should be used in full
SECTION 12 compliance with manufacturers’ recommendations.
REQUIREMENTS FOR CERTIFIED APPLICATOR’S
PRESENCE AND TRAINING FOR RECEIPT OF IN-TRANSIT SECTION 14
VEHICLES UNDER FUMIGATION NOTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS
12.1 The requirements for the presence of a Certified 14.1 AUTHORITIES AND ON-SITE WORKERS
Applicator and their responsibility for all workers are
As required by local regulations, notify the appropriate local offi-
as follows:
cials (fire department, police department, etc.) of the impending
1. A Certified Applicator must be physically present, responsi- fumigation. Provide the officials an MSDS and complete label for
ble for, and maintain visual and/or voice contact with all the product and any other technical information deemed useful.
fumigation workers during the opening of the container and Offer to review this information with the local official(s).
during the application of the fumigant. Once the application
is complete and the structure has been made secure the 14.2 INCIDENTS INVOLVING THESE PRODUCTS
certified applicator does not need to be physically present Registrants must be informed of any incident involving the use of
at the site. this product. Please call 1-800-438-6071 so United Phosphorus,
2. A Certified Applicator must be physically present, responsi- Inc. can report the incident to Federal and State Authorities.
ble for and maintain visual and/or voice contact with all 14.3 THEFT OF PRODUCTS
fumigation workers during the initial opening of the fumiga- Immediately report to the local police department thefts of metal
tion structure for aeration. Once the aeration process is phosphide fumigants.
secured and monitoring has established that aeration can
be completed safely the certified applicator does not need SECTION 15
to be physically present and trained person(s) can complete
the process and remove the placards. APPLICATOR AND WORKER EXPOSURE
3. Persons with documented training in the handling of Approved respiratory protection must be worn if concentra-
Phosphine products must be responsible for receiving, aer- tions exceed the allowable limits, or when concentrations
ating and removal of placards from vehicles, which have are unknown.
been fumigated in transit. Refer to Section 12.2 for training
requirements.
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15.1 EXPOSURE LIMITS 15.7 ENGINEERING CONTROLS AND WORK PRACTICES

Exposure to phosphine must not exceed the 8-hour TWA (Time If monitoring shows that workers may be exposed to concentra-
Weighted Average) of 0.3 ppm or the 15 minute TWA short-term tions in excess of the permitted limits, then engineering controls
exposure limit (STEL) of 1.0 ppm phosphine. All persons are cov- (such as forced air ventilation) and/or appropriate work practices
ered by these exposure standards. must be used to reduce exposure to within permitted limits.
15.2 APPLICATION OF FUMIGANT Appropriate respiratory protection must be worn if phosphine
exposure limits are exceeded or concentrations are unknown.
At least two persons, a certified applicator and trained person,
or two trained persons under the direct supervision of the certi-
fied applicator must be present during fumigation of structures
SECTION 16
when entry into the structure for application of the fumigant is PLACARDING OF FUMIGATED AREAS
required. Depending upon temperature and humidity, All entrances to the fumigated structure must be placarded,
WEEVIL-CIDE® Tablets, Pellets and Gas Bags release phosphine including areas containing rodent burrows being fumigated.
gas slowly upon exposure to moisture from the air. In most Placards must be made of substantial material that can be
cases, this release is slow enough to permit applicators to expected to withstand adverse weather conditions and must
deposit fumigant in the desired areas and then vacate the prem- bear the wording as follows:
ises without significant exposure to the gas. Monitoring must be
1. The signal word DANGER/PELIGRO and the SKULL AND
conducted to determine exposure limits and determine the appli-
CROSSBONES symbol in red.
cator’s exposure. See Section 11 for respiratory protection
requirements. 2. The statement “Area/Structure and/or commodity under
fumigation, DO NOT ENTER/NO ENTRE”.
15.3 LEAKAGE FROM FUMIGATED SITES
3. The Statement, “This sign may only be removed by a certi-
Phosphine is highly mobile and given enough time may pene- fied applicator or a person with documented training after
trate seemingly gas-tight materials such as concrete and cinder the commodity is completely aerated (contains 0.3 ppm or
block. Therefore, adjacent, enclosed areas likely to be occupied less of phosphine gas). If incompletely aerated commodity
should be examined to ensure that significant leakage has not is transferred to a new structure, the new structure must also
occurred. Sealing of the fumigated site and/or airflow in the be placarded if it contains more than 0.3 ppm. Worker expo-
occupied areas must be sufficient to bring down the phosphine sure during this transfer must not exceed allowable limits”.
concentration to a safe level of 0.3 ppm or below.
4. The date the fumigation begins.
15.4 AERATION AND REENTRY 5. Trade name of the fumigant used and EPA Registration
If the structure is to be entered after fumigation, it must be aer- Number.
ated until the level of phosphine gas is 0.3 ppm or below. The 6. Name, address and telephone number of the fumigation
area or site must be monitored to ensure that liberation of gas company and/or applicator.
from the treated commodity does not result in the development
7. A 24-hour emergency response telephone number.
of unacceptable levels i.e., over industrial hygiene levels of phos-
phine. Do not allow reentry into treated structures by any person All entrances to a fumigated structure must be placarded. Where
before the level of phosphine reaches 0.3 ppm or below unless possible, placards should be placed in advance of the fumiga-
protected by an approved respirator. tion to keep unauthorized persons away. For railroad hopper
cars, placards must be placed on both sides of the car near the
15.5 HANDLING UNAERATED COMMODITIES ladders and next to the top hatches into which the fumigant is
Transfer of incompletely aerated commodity via bulk handling introduced.
equipment such as augers, drag conveyors and conveyor belts Do not remove placards until the treated commodity is aerated
to a new storage structure is permissible. A Certified Applicator down to 0.3 ppm phosphine or less. To determine whether aer-
is responsible for training workers who handle the transfer of ation is complete, each fumigated structure or vehicle must be
incompletely aerated listed commodities, and appropriate meas- monitored and shown to contain 0.3 ppm or less phosphine gas
ures must be taken (i.e., ventilation or respiratory protection) to in the air space around and, if feasible, in the mass of the
prevent exposures from exceeding the exposure limits for phos- commodity.
phine. The new storage structure must be placarded if it contains
more than 0.3 ppm phosphine. If the fumigation structure must
SECTION 17
be entered to complete the transfer, at least two trained persons,
wearing proper respiratory protection may enter the structure. A SEALING OF STRUCTURES
certified applicator must be physically present during the entry The structure to be fumigated must first be inspected to deter-
into the structure. mine if it can be made sufficiently gas tight. Careful sealing is
REMEMBER transporting containers or vehicles under fumiga- required so that adequate gas levels are retained. Turn off all ven-
tion over public roads is prohibited. tilation, supply air, air conditioning, and any other air moving sys-
15.6 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE MONITORING tems which could negatively affect the fumigation. Thoroughly
Phosphine exposures must be documented in an operations log inspect the structure to be fumigated and seal cracks, holes and
or manual at each fumigation site and operation where expo- openings. These areas could include, but are not limited to: win-
sures may occur. Monitor airborne phosphine concentrations in dows, doors, vents, chimneys, open pipes and structural flaws.
all indoor areas to which fumigators and other workers have had Sealing techniques can vary, but most often include polyethyl-
access during fumigation and aeration. Perform such monitoring ene sheeting, adhesive tapes and adhesive sprays. Expandable
in workers’ breathing zones. This monitoring is mandatory and is foam or caulking material can work well on structural flaws.
performed to determine when and where respiratory protection Proper sealing will insure sufficient gas levels within the fumigat-
is required. Once exposures have been adequately character- ed structure and will decrease the chance of unwanted expo-
ized, spot checks must be made, especially if conditions change sures outside of the fumigated area.
significantly or if an unexpected garlic odor is detected or a As with all fumigations, it is required that sealing be inspected for
change in phosphine level is suspected. leaks. If phosphine above 0.3 ppm is found in an area where
exposure to workers or bystanders may occur, the fumigator,

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using proper respiratory protection equipment must attempt to

Category Degree of Hazard
seal the leak from the exterior of the structure. Failing this, the
fumigators, following proper procedures to prevent accidental Health 4 (Severe Hazard)
poisoning, may enter the structure and seal the leaks from the
interior. If the concentration inside the structure has decreased Flammability 4 (Severe Hazard)
below the target level as a result of the leakage, additional fumi-
gant may be added following the sealing repairs. Reactivity 2 (Moderate)
DO NOT FUMIGATE A STRUCTURE THAT CANNOT BE
Special Notice Key W
SEALED SUFFICIENTLY GAS-TIGHT.
NOTE: When using the NFPA Hazard Identification System, the
SECTION 18 characteristics of all hazardous materials stored in a particular
area must be considered. The local fire protection district should
AERATION OF FUMIGATED COMMODITIES
be consulted for guidance on the selection and placement of
As an alternative to the aeration time periods listed below, each such signs.
container of the treated commodity may be analyzed for residues
using accepted analytical methods. SECTION 20
18.1 FOODS AND FEEDS
TRANSPORTATION INSTRUCTIONS
Tolerances for phosphine residues have been established at
0.1 ppm for animal feeds and 0.01 ppm for processed foods. The United States Department of Transportation (DOT) classifies
To guarantee compliance with these tolerances, it is necessary aluminum phosphide as Dangerous When Wet material and it
to aerate these commodities for a minimum of 48 hours prior to must be transported in accordance with DOT regulations.
offering them to the end consumer. 20.1 TRANSPORT DESIGNATIONS
18.2 NON-FOOD COMMODITIES The following transport designations apply to aluminum
Aerate all non-food commodities to 0.3 ppm or less of phos- phosphide:
phine. Monitor densely packed commodities to ensure that aer- Proper Shipping Name: Aluminum phosphide
ation is complete. Hazard Class: 4.3
18.3 TOBACCO Identification No.: UN 1397
Tobacco must be aerated for at least three days (72 hours) when Packing Group: PG I
fumigated in hogsheads and for at least two days (48 hours) Shipping Label: Dangerous When Wet/Poison
when fumigated in other containers or until concentration is Shipping Placard: Dangerous When Wet
below 0.3 ppm. When plastic liners are used, longer aeration
20.2 TRANSPORTATION EXEMPTION
periods will probably be required to aerate the commodity down
to 0.3 ppm. UPI Special Permit: DOT-SP 13307
Purpose and Limitation: “…The motor vehicles used under the
SECTION 19 terms of this exemption are not required to be placarded…”
Modes of Transportation Authorized: Motor vehicle (Only private
STORAGE INSTRUCTIONS motor vehicles used in pest control operations are authorized to
Store WEEVIL-CIDE® Tablets, Pellets and Gas Bags in a dry, well- transport the packages covered by the terms of this exemption.)
ventilated area away from heat, under lock and key. Post as a NOTE: You must have a copy of this special permit with you dur-
pesticide storage area. Do not store in buildings where humans ing transportation. For a copy of this special permit contact
or domestic animals may reside. Keep out of reach of children. United Phosphorus, Inc., 630 Freedom Business Center, King of
WEEVIL-CIDE® tablets and pellets are supplied in gas-tight, Prussia, PA 19406; Telephone: (610) 491-2800/1-800-438-6071.
resealable aluminum flasks. Do not expose product to atmos-
pheric moisture any longer than is necessary and seal tightly SECTION 21
before returning flasks to storage.
Do not contaminate food, water or feed by storing pesticides in REQUIRED WRITTEN FUMIGATION MANAGEMENT PLAN
the same areas used to store these commodities. The certified applicator is responsible for working with the own-
19.1 LABELING OF STORAGE ers and/or responsible employees of the structure and/or area to
be fumigated to develop and follow a Fumigation Management
The labeling of the storage area should take into account the
Plan (FMP). State, County, and local authorities may also have
needs of a variety of organizations. These should include, but not
specific requirements. The FMP must be written PRIOR TO
be limited to: corporate policy, insurance carrier, Occupational
EVERY treatment including fumigation for burrowing pests. The
Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), Emergency Planning
FMP must address characterization of the site, and include
and Community Right to Know and local emergency response
appropriate monitoring and notification requirements, consistent
professionals. At a minimum, the storage must be marked with
with, but not limited to, the following:
the following signs and should be locked:
1. The use of this product is strictly prohibited on single and
1. Danger, Poison (with skull and cross bones)
multi-family residential properties and nursing homes, schools
2. Authorized Personnel Only (except athletic fields), daycare facilities and hospitals. For a
3. Pesticide Storage NFPA Hazard Identification Symbols list of approved sites see Section 22.
The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) has developed 2. Inspect the structure and/or area to determine its suitability for
Hazard Identification Symbols. This standardized system is fumigation.
designed to provide, at a glance, the information regarding the 3. When sealing is required, consult previous records for any
health, fire and reactivity hazards associated with hazardous changes to the structure, seal leaks, and monitor any occu-
materials. The following are the hazard categories and degree of pied adjacent buildings to ensure safety.
hazard for aluminum phosphide:

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4. Prior to each fumigation, review any existing FMP, MSDS, 21.2 A CHECKLIST GUIDE FOR A FUMIGATION
Applicator’s Manual and other relevant safety procedures with MANAGEMENT PLAN
company officials and appropriate employees. This checklist is provided to help you take into account factors
5. Consult company officials in the development of procedures that must be addressed prior to performing all fumigations. It
and appropriate safety measures for nearby workers that will emphasizes safety steps to protect people and property. The
be in and around the area during application and aeration. checklist is general in nature and cannot be expected to apply to
6. Consult with company officials to develop an appropriate all types of fumigation situations. It is to be used as a guide to
monitoring plan that will confirm that nearby workers and prepare the required plan. Each item must be considered.
bystanders are not exposed to levels above the allowed limits However, it is understood that each fumigation is different and
during application, fumigation and aeration. This plan must not all items will be necessary for each fumigation site.
also demonstrate that nearby residents will not be exposed to A. PRELIMINARY PLANNING AND PREPARATION
concentrations above the allowable limits. 1. Determine the purpose of the fumigation.
7. Consult with company officials to develop procedures for local a. Elimination of insect infestation
authorities to notify nearby residents in the event of an
b. Elimination of rodent infestation
emergency.
c. Plant pest quarantine.
8. Confirm the placement of placards to secure entrance into any
structure under fumigation. 2. Determine the type of fumigation, for example
9. Confirm the required safety equipment is in place and the nec- a. Space: tarp, mill, warehouse, food plant
essary manpower is available to complete a safe effective b. Vehicle: railcar, truck, van, container
fumigation. c. Commodity: raw agricultural or processed foods
10. Written notification must be provided to the receiver of a d. Type of Storage: vertical silo, farm storage, flat storage
vehicle that is fumigated in transit. e. Vessels: ship or barge. In addition to the Applicator’s
These factors must be considered in putting together an FMP. It Manual, read the US Coast Guard Regulations 46 CFR
is important to note that some plans will be more comprehensive 147A.
than others. All plans should reflect the experience and expert- 3. Fully acquaint yourself with the site and commodity to be
ise of the applicator and circumstances at and around the site. fumigated, including.
In addition to the plan, the applicator must read the entire label a. The general structure layout, construction (materials,
and must follow its directions carefully and abide by all restric- design, age, maintenance) of the structure, fire or com-
tions. If the applicator has any questions about the development bustibility hazards, connecting structures and escape
of a FMP, contact United Phosphorus, Inc. for further assistance. routes, above and below ground, and other unique haz-
The FMP and related documentation, including monitoring ards or structure characteristics. Prepare, with the
records, must be maintained for a minimum of 2 years. owner/operator/person in charge. Draw or have a draw-
STEPS FOR PREPARATION OF THE REQUIRED WRITTEN ing or sketch of structure to be fumigated, delineating fea-
FUMIGATION MANAGEMENT PLAN tures, hazards, and other structural issues.
b. The number and identification of persons who routinely
21.1 PURPOSE
enter the area to be fumigated (i.e., employees, visitors,
A Fumigation Management Plan (FMP) is an organized, written customers, etc.)
description of the required steps involved to help ensure a safe,
c. The specific commodity to be fumigated, its mode of stor-
legal, and effective fumigation. It will also assist you and others
age, and its condition.
in complying with pesticide product label requirements. The
guidance that follows is designed to help assist you in address- d. The previous treatment history of the commodity, if
ing all the necessary factors involved in preparing for and fumi- available.
gating a site. e. Accessibility of utility service connections.
This guidance is intended to help you organize any fumigation f. Nearest telephone or other means of communication, and
that you might perform PRIOR TO ACTUAL TREATMENT. It is mark the location of these items on the drawing/sketch.
meant to be somewhat prescriptive, yet flexible enough to allow g. Emergency shut-off stations for electricity water and gas.
the experience and expertise of the fumigator to make changes Mark the location of these items on the drawing/sketch.
based on circumstances which may exist in the field. By follow- h. Current emergency telephone numbers of local Health,
ing a step-by-step procedure, yet allowing for flexibility, safe and Fire, Police, Hospital and Physician responders.
effective fumigation can be performed. i. Name and phone number (both day and night) of appro-
Before any fumigation begins, carefully read and review the com- priate company officials.
plete label, which include the container label and the Applicator’s j. Check, mark and prepare the points of fumigation applica-
Manual. This information must also be given to the appropriate tion locations if the job involves entry into the structure for
company officials (supervisors, foreman, safety officer, etc.) in fumigation.
charge of the site. Preparation is the key to any successful fumi-
k. Review entire label, which includes the container label
gation. If you do not find specific instructions for the type of fumi-
and Applicator’s Manual.
gation that you are to perform listed in this Guidance Document,
you will want to construct a similar set of procedures using this l. Exposure time considerations.
document as your guide or contact United Phosphorus for assis- 1. Product (Tablet, Pellet or Gas Bag) to be used.
tance. Finally, before any fumigation begins you must be familiar 2. Minimum fumigation period, as defined and described
with and comply with all applicable federal, state and local laws. in the use directions of the Applicator’s Manual.
The success and future of fumigation are not only dependent on 3. Down time required to be available
your ability to do your job but also by carefully following all rules, 4. Aeration requirements
regulations, and procedures required by governmental agencies.
5. Cleanup requirements, including dry or wet deactiva-
tion methods, equipment, and personnel needs, if
necessary.
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6. Measured and recorded commodity temperature and 3. Confirm that the receivers of in-transit vehicles under fumi-
moisture. gation have been notified and are trained according to
m. Determination of dosage Section 12 of this applicator manual.
1. Cubic footage or other appropriate space/location E. SEALING PROCEDURES
calculations. 1. Sealing must be adequate to control the pests. Care should
2. Structure sealing capability and methods. be taken to insure that sealing materials will remain intact
3. Maximum Allowable Dose Rates until the fumigation is complete.
4. Temperature, humidity, wind 2. If the site has been fumigated before, review the previous
5. Commodity/space volume FMP for previous sealing information.
6. Past history of fumigation of structure 3. Make sure that construction/remodeling has not changed
the building in a manner that will affect the fumigation.
7. Exposure time.
4. Warning placards must be placed on every possible
B. PERSONNEL entrance to the fumigation site.
1. Confirm in writing that all personnel in and around the struc-
F. APPLICATION PROCEDURES AND FUMIGATION PERIOD
ture to be fumigated have been notified prior to application
of the fumigant. Consider using a checklist that each 1. Plan carefully and apply the product in accordance with the
employee initials indicating they have been notified. label requirements.
2. Instruct all fumigation personnel to read the Applicator’s 2. When entering into the area under fumigation always work
Manual and about the hazards that may be encountered with two or more people under the direct supervision of a
and about the selection of personal protection devices, certified applicator wearing appropriate respirators.
including detection equipment. 3. Apply fumigant from the outside where appropriate.
3. Confirm that all personnel are aware of and know how to 4. Provide watchmen when entry into the fumigation site by
proceed in case of an emergency situation. unauthorized persons cannot otherwise be assured.
4. Instruct all personnel on how to report any accident and/or 5. When entering structures always follow OSHA rules for con-
incidents related to fumigant exposure. Provide a telephone fined spaces.
number for emergency response reporting. 6. Document that the receiver of in-transit vehicles/containers
5. Instruct all personnel to report to proper authorities any theft under fumigation has been notified.
of fumigant and/or equipment related to fumigation. 7. Turn off any electric lights in the fumigated area of the struc-
6. Establish a meeting area for all personnel in case of ture as well as all nonessential electrical motors.
emergency. G. POST-APPLICATION OPERATIONS
C. MONITORING 1. Provide watchmen when you cannot secure the fumigation
1. Safety site from entry by unauthorized persons during the aeration
a. Monitoring of phosphine conditions must be conducted process.
in areas to prevent excessive exposure and to determine 2. Aerate in accordance with structural limitations.
where exposure may occur. Document where monitoring 3. Turn on ventilating or aerating fans where appropriate.
will occur. 4. Use a suitable gas detector before reentry into a fumigated
b. Keep a log or manual of monitoring records for each fumi- structure to determine fumigant concentration.
gation site. This log must at a minimum contain the tim- 5. Keep written records of monitoring to document completion
ing, number of readings taken and level of concentrations of aeration.
found in each location. 6. Consider temperature when aerating.
c. When monitoring, document even if there is no phosphine 7. Ensure aeration is complete before moving a treated vehi-
present above the safe levels. In such cases, subsequent cle onto public roads.
monitoring is not routinely required. However spot checks
8. Remove warning placards when aeration is complete.
must be made occasionally, especially if conditions sig-
nificantly change. 9. Inform business/client that employees/other persons may
return to work or otherwise be allowed to re-enter the aer-
2. Efficacy
ated structure.
a. For stationary structures, phosphine readings MUST be
taken from within the fumigated structure to insure prop- SECTION 22
er gas concentrations. If the phosphine levels have fallen
below the targeted level, the fumigators, following proper APPLICATION PROCEDURES
entry procedures may reenter the structure and add addi- An FMP MUST BE WRITTEN PRIOR to all applications.
tional product. An FMP must be devised to cover application and exposure
b. All phosphine readings must be documented. period, aeration and disposal of the fumigant so as to keep
D. NOTIFICATION to a minimum any human exposures to phosphine and to
1. Confirm the appropriate local authorities (fire departments, help assure adequate control of the insect pests.
police departments, etc.) have been notified as per label 22.1 FARM BINS
instructions, local ordinances , or instructions of the client. Leakage is the single most important cause of failures in the
2. Prepare written procedure (“Emergency Response Plan”) treatment of farm storages. Since these storages are often small,
which contains explicit instructions, names, and telephone they usually have a higher leakage area in proportion to their
numbers so as to be able to notify local authorities if phos- capacity. Most wooden storage structures are so porous that
phine levels are exceeded in an area that could be danger- they cannot be successfully fumigated unless they are com-
ous to bystanders and or domestic animals. pletely tarped. Do not fumigate a storage that will be entered by
humans or animals prior to aeration. Do not fumigate areas which

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house sensitive equipment containing copper or other metals or bystanders if concentrations were above the permitted
likely to be corroded by phosphine gas. exposure levels.
1. Read the entire label, MDS and related safety material. 3. Develop an appropriate Fumigation Management Plan. (Refer
2. An appropriate Fumigation Management Plan must be devel- to FMP guidelines.)
oped for all Farm Bin applications. 4. Consult previous records for any changes to the structure.
3. Inspect the bin to determine if you can fumigate effectively. Seal vents, cracks and other sources of leaks.
4. If the bin is located in an area where nearby workers and/or 5. Using the Applicator’s Manual, determine the length of the
bystanders or domestic animals would be exposed to phos- fumigation and calculate the dosage of tablets, pellets or gas
phine gas because of leakage from the bin: bags to be applied based upon volume of the building, con-
(i) Develop a monitoring procedure that will confirm if leak- tents, air and/or commodity temperature and the general
age from the bin is above the allowable limits in an area tightness of the structure.
that would affect nearby workers or bystanders. 6. Apply tablets, pellets or gas bags by surface application.
(ii) Advise local authorities when and where you will be Tablets and pellets may be applied by shallow probing, deep
fumigating. Provide and review with them the MSDS, probing or uniform addition as the bin is filled.
Applicator’s Manual and other relevant safety information. Storages requiring more than 24 hours to fill should not be
5. If the bin is in an isolated area on private property (i) and (ii) treated by addition of fumigant to the commodity stream as
above are not required. large quantities of phosphine may escape before the flat stor-
age is completely sealed.
6. Seal the bin as tightly as possible. It is recommended that the
surface of the grain be covered with polyethylene sheets after Probes should be inserted vertically at intervals along the
WEEVIL-CIDE® has been applied. Tarping the grain surface length and width of the flat storage. Pellets or tablets may be
will greatly reduce the leak rate of the gas as well as reduce dropped into the probe at intervals as it is withdrawn.
the amount of WEEVIL-CIDE® required. Only the volume below Surface application may be used if the bin can be made suffi-
the tarp must be dosed. If not tarped, the entire volume of the ciently gas tight to contain the fumigant gas long enough for
storage must be treated, whether full or empty. it to penetrate the commodity. In this instance, it is advisable
7. Using the Applicator’s Manual, calculate the dosage of to place about 25 percent of the dosage in the floor level aer-
Tablets, Pellets or Gas Bags to be applied based on type of ation ducts. Check the ducts prior to addition of
structure, its sealing properties, content type, weather, com- WEEVIL-CIDE® to make sure that they contain no liquid water.
modity temperature and moisture content of the commodity 7. Placement of plastic tarp over the surface of the commodity
and length of fumigation. is often advisable, particularly if the overhead of the storage
8. WEEVIL-CIDE® Tablets, Pellets and Gas Bags required for the cannot be well sealed.
fumigation may be scattered over the surface. Tablets and pel- 8. Lock all entrances to the storage and post fumigation warning
lets can be probed into the grain using a rigid PVC pipe about placards.
5 to 7 feet in length and having a diameter of 1-1/4 inches. Use 22.3 VERTICAL STORAGES (concrete upright bins and other
about 20-50 tablets or 100-250 pellets per probe. Probe the silos in which grain can be rapidly transferred)
dosage uniformly over the surface. 1. Inspect the site to determine its suitability for fumigation.
9. Immediately cover the surface of the grain with a plastic 2. Determine if the structure is in an area where leakage during
tarpaulin. fumigation or aeration would expose nearby workers or
10. Place no more than 25 percent of the total dose at the bot- bystanders to concentrations above the permitted levels.
tom if the bin is equipped with aeration fans. Caution: Make 3. Develop an appropriate Fumigation Management Plan (Refer
sure that the aeration duct is dry before adding to FMP guidelines).
WEEVIL-CIDE®. Addition of WEEVIL-CIDE® to water in an
4. Consult previous records for any changes to the structure.
aeration duct may result in a fire.
Close openings and seal cracks to make the structure as air-
11. Seal the aeration fan with 4-mil plastic sheeting. tight as possible. Prior to the fumigation, seal the vents near
12. Place placards on all entrances to the bin and near the the bin top which connect to adjacent bins.
ladder. 5. Determine the length of the fumigation and calculate the
13. Following aeration of the bin, the surface of the grain may dosage of Tablets, Pellets or Gas Bags to be applied based
be sprayed with an approved protectant to discourage upon volume of the building, air and/or commodity tempera-
reinfestation. ture and the general tightness of the structure.
Note: If monitoring equipment is not available, an approved can- 6. Pellets and Tablets may be applied continuously by hand or by
ister respirator must be worn during application from within an an automatic dispenser on the headhouse/gallery belt or into
enclosed area. the fill opening as the commodity is loaded into the bin. An
22.2 FLAT STORAGES automatic dispenser may also be used to add WEEVIL-CIDE®
Treatment of these types of storages often requires considerable tablets and pellets into the commodity stream in the up leg of
time and physical effort. Therefore, sufficient manpower should the elevator.
be available to complete the work rapidly enough to prevent 7. Seal the bin deck openings after the fumigation has been
excessive exposure to phosphine gas. Vent flasks outside the completed.
storage, conduct fumigations during cooler periods, and employ 8. Bins requiring more than 24 hours to fill should not be fumi-
other work practices to minimize exposures. It is likely that res- gated by continuous addition into the commodity stream.
piratory protection will be required during application of fumigant These bins may be fumigated by probing, surface application,
to flat storages. Refer to Sections on Applicator and Worker or other appropriate means. Exposure periods should be
Exposure and Respiratory Protection. lengthened to allow for diffusion of gas to all parts of the bin if
1. Inspect the site to determine its suitability for fumigation. WEEVIL-CIDE® has not been applied uniformly throughout the
2. Determine if the structure is in an area where leakage during commodity mass.
fumigation or aeration would adversely affect nearby workers 9. Place warning placards on the discharge gate and on all
entrances.
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22.4 MILLS, FOOD PROCESSING PLANTS AND in-transit. See Section 16 of this Applicator’s Manual for recom-
WAREHOUSES mendations on placarding.
1. Inspect the site to determine its suitability for fumigation. The Shipper and/or the fumigator must provide written notifica-
2. Determine if the structure is in an area where leakage during tion to the receiver of railcars, railroad boxcars, shipping contain-
fumigation or aeration would expose nearby workers or ers and other vehicles, which have been fumigated in-transit. A
bystanders if concentrations were above the permitted expo- copy of the Applicator’s Manual must precede or accompany all
sure levels. transportation containers or vehicles which are fumigated in-
3. Develop an appropriate Fumigation Management Plan. (Refer transit. If the Applicator’s Manual is sent with the transport vehi-
to Steps for Preparation of a Fumigation Management Plan.) cle it must be placed securely on the outside of the vehicle.
4. Determine the length of the fumigation and calculate the Proper handling of treated railcars at their destination is the
dosage of tablets, pellets or gas bags to be applied based responsibility of the consignee. Upon receipt of the railcar, rail-
upon volume of the building, air and/or commodity tempera- road boxcars, shipping containers and other vehicles a certified
ture and the general tightness of the structure. applicator and/or persons with documented authorized training
must supervise the aeration process and removal of the
5. Read the directions found under Section 4.3 Physical and
placards.
Chemical Hazards and remove or cover any of the listed items
that can become damaged from exposure to phosphine gas. 22.5.1 Gas Bags
6. Consult previous records for any changes in the structure. WEEVIL-CIDE Gas Bags are suited to fumigation of package
Carefully seal and placard the space to be fumigated. commodities or bulk processed foods. The Gas Bags are not to
7. Place trays or sheets of Kraft paper or foil, up to 12-sq. ft. be placed in or attached directly to commodity packages con-
(1.1 sq. M) in area, on the floor throughout the structure. taining processed food. If placement of Gas Bags on the floor of
a boxcar is not convenient, or if the vehicle is being fumigated
8. Spread WEEVIL-CIDE® on the sheets at a density no greater
in-transit, the Gas Bags may be attached to a wall or other sup-
than 30 tablets per sq. ft. or 150 pellets per sq. ft. or 3 gas
port. They may also be applied by taping the Gas Bags on card-
bags per sq. ft. This corresponds to slightly more than 3/4ths
board with spacing between the Gas Bags. Tape across the Gas
of a flask containing 2500 tablets or 3/4ths of a flask contain-
Bag ends only. Specially designed cardboard discs or boards are
ing 1600 pellets per 3'x4' sheet. Check to see that
available for this purpose. If the boards or discs are used, taping
WEEVIL-CIDE® has not piled up and that it is spread out even-
of the Gas Bags is not necessary. Instructions that follow give
ly to minimize contact between the individual tablets or pel-
specific procedures for treatment of rail cars when direct addi-
lets. Gas bags may be placed directly on the floor.
tion to the commodity is not permitted (see Sections 7.2
9. Turn off any lights within the treated area and shut off all elec- Processed Foods and Section 7.3 Nonfood Commodities
trical motors not essential to operations of the storage. Doors Including Tobacco in this Manual).
leading to the fumigated space must be closed, sealed, and
placarded with warning signs. 21.5.2 Procedures for Hopper Rail Cars – Round Hatch
10. Upon completion of the exposure period, open windows, 1. Close and secure all hatch covers except those being utilized
doors, vents, etc., allow the fumigated structure to aerate. Do for the fumigation.
not enter the structure without proper Personal Protective 2. Seal all other openings. Pay particular attention to vents.
Equipment (PPE) unless gas readings have been taken and 3. Clean the flange lip of hatch (or hatches) being utilized. If the
the concentration is below the allowable limits. Gas concen- commodity extends into the throat of the hatch, force it away
tration readings may be taken using low level detector tubes to the extent possible.
or similar devices to ensure safety of personnel who reenter 4. Determine the length of the fumigation and, using the
the treated area. Applicator’s Manual, calculate the dosage of gas bags to be
11. Collect the spent WEEVIL-CIDE® dust and dispose of it, with applied based upon volume of the car, air and/or commodity
or without further deactivation. Refer to Disposal Instructions temperature and the general tightness of the rail car.
in Section 24 of this Manual. 5. Open cans, insert gas bags into the pockets or tape the gas
12. Remove fumigation warning placards from the aerated bags on the disc. Gas Bags must not be folded.
structure. 6. Secure the disc into place with tape. Place the loaded disc into
22.5 RAILCARS, CONTAINERS, TRUCKS, VANS, AND position with the Gas Bag side in the up position.
OTHER TRANSPORT VEHICLES 7. Cover the hatch opening with poly sheeting before closing the
Develop an appropriate Fumigation Management Plan. cover.
Railcars and containers, trucks, vans, and other transport vehi- 8. Lower the cover into place and secure. Insert the placard into
cles shipped piggyback by rail may be fumigated in-transit. a clear plastic bag, and affix it to the hatch cover. Affix plac-
However, the aeration of railcars, railroad boxcars, containers ards near the ladder on each side of the car.
and other vehicles is prohibited en-route. It is not legal to move 22.5.3 Procedures for Hopper Rail Cars – Slot Hatch
trucks, trailers, containers, vans, etc., over public roads or high- 1. Fold the edges of a board to form a tray. The board is designed
ways until they have been aerated. to “hang” in the hatch opening.
Do NOT USE WEEVIL-CIDE® tablets, pellets or gas bags in cars 2. Determine the length of the fumigation and, using the
or other personal vehicles. Applicator’s Manual, calculate the dosage of gas bags to be
Transport vehicles loaded with bulk commodities to which applied based upon volume of the car, air and/or commodity
WEEVIL-CIDE® Tablets, Pellets or Gas Bags may be added temperature and the general tightness of the rail car.
directly are treated in essentially the same way as any other flat 3. Open containers and insert Gas Bags into the pockets of the
storage facility. WEEVIL-CIDE® may be added as the vehicle is board. Gas Bags must not be folded.
being filled. The dose may be scattered over the surface after
4. Place the loaded board into position with the Gas Bag side up.
loading has been completed or the tablets or pellets may be
probed below the surface. Carefully seal any vents, cracks or 5. Secure the board in place with tape.
other leaks, particularly if the fumigation is to be carried out 6. Cover the entire hatch opening with poly sheeting before clos-
ing the cover.
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7. Lower the hatch covers. 5. Tablets, Pellets and Gas Bags may be applied to the tarped
8. Insert the placard into a clear plastic bag, and affix it to the stack or bunker storage of bulk commodity through slits in the
hatch cover. Affix placards near the ladder on each side of the poly covering. Probing or other means of dosing may be used.
car. Avoid application of large amounts of WEEVIL-CIDE® at any
one point. The WEEVIL-CIDE® should be added below the sur-
22.5.4 Procedures for Box Cars
face of the commodity if condensation or other source of
1. Close and secure one of the doors. Seal all openings and moisture is likely to form beneath the poly. The slits in the cov-
joints. If needed, caulk joints and drape entire doorway with ering should be carefully taped to prevent loss of gas once the
poly film, securing the edges to the inner wall, floor and ceil- dose has been applied and to prevent the introduction of
ing with tape or suitable adhesive. water from rain. Care should be taken to see that the poly is
2. Inspect the roof, floor and walls for holes and/or cracks. Seal not allowed to cover the WEEVIL-CIDE® and prevent contact
all openings with either tape or caulking compound. with moist air or confine the gas.
3. If needed, drape remaining doorway with polyethylene film 6. Distribution of phosphine gas is generally not a problem in the
before door is closed. Secure edges to door jams and floor. treatment of bagged commodities and processed foods.
Close door and secure. If doorway is draped with poly, it may However, fumigation of larger bunker storages containing bulk
not be necessary to seal the door from the outside. If doorway commodity will require proper application procedures to
is not draped, seal all cracks, openings and leaky joints with obtain adequate results.
masking tape and/or caulking compound from the outside. 7. Place warning placards at conspicuous points on the
4. Determine the length of the fumigation and, using the enclosure.
Applicator’s Manual, calculate the dosage of Gas Bags to be
22.7 IN-TRANSIT SHIPHOLDS
applied based upon volume of the car, air and/or commodity
temperature and the general tightness of the rail car. 22.7.1 General Information
5. Open containers and insert Gas Bags into the pockets of the Important – In-transit ship or shiphold fumigation is also gov-
disc or board or use tape to secure the Gas Bags. erned by U.S. Coast Guard Regulation 46 CFR 147A, Interim
6. Place the loaded disc or board onto the load, with the Gas Bag Regulations for Shipboard Fumigation. Refer to this regulation
side up. Secure the board in place with tape or nail it to the prior to fumigation. For further information contact:
wall. Commandant U.S. Coast Guard
7. Post placards into a clear plastic bag, and affix it to the doors Hazardous Materials Standards Division GMSO-3
of the cars. Washington, DC 20593-0001
22.6 TARPAULIN AND BUNKER FUMIGATIONS 22.7.2 Pre-Voyage Fumigation Procedures – A FMP must be
written for all fumigations PRIOR TO ACTUAL
Use of plastic sheeting or tarpaulins to cover commodities is one
TREATMENT.
of the easiest and least expensive means for providing relatively
gas tight enclosures which are very well suited for fumigation. 1. Prior to fumigating a vessel for in-transit cargo fumigation, the
Polyethylene (poly) tarps are penetrated only very slowly by master of the vessel, or his representative, and the certified
phosphine gas, and tight coverings are readily formed from the applicator must determine whether the vessel is suitably
sheets. The volume of these enclosures may vary widely from a designed and configured so as to allow for safe occupancy by
few cubic feet (for example, a fumigation tarpaulin placed over a the ship’s crew throughout the duration of the fumigation. If it
small stack of bagged commodity) to a plastic bunker storage is determined that the design and configuration of the vessel
capable of holding 600,000 bushels of grain or more. does not allow for safe occupancy by the ship’s crew through-
out the duration of the fumigation, then the vessel will not be
1. Develop an enclosure suitable for fumigation by covering bulk
fumigated unless all crew members are removed from the ves-
or packaged commodities with poly sheeting. The sheets may
sel. The crew members will not be allowed to reoccupy the
be taped together to provide a sufficient width of material to
vessel until the vessel has been properly aerated and the mas-
ensure that adequate sealing is obtained. If the flooring upon
ter of the vessel and the certified applicator has made a deter-
which the commodity rests is of wood or other porous mate-
mination that the vessel is safe for occupancy.
rial, the commodity to be fumigated should be repositioned
onto poly prior to covering for fumigation. The plastic cover- 2. The certified applicator must notify the master of the vessel,
ing of the pile may be sealed to the floor using sand or water or his representative, of the requirements relating to personal
snakes, by shoveling soil or sand onto the ends of the plastic protection equipment*, detection equipment, and that a per-
covering or by other suitable procedures. The poly covering son qualified in the use of this equipment must accompany the
should be reinforced by tape or other means around any sharp vessel with cargo under fumigation. Emergency procedures,
corners or edges in the stack so as to reduce the risk of tear- cargo ventilation, periodic monitoring and inspections, and
ing. Thinner poly, about 2 mil, is suitable for most indoor tarp first aid measures must be discussed with and understood by
fumigations and for sealing of windows, doors and other the master of the vessel or his representative.
openings in structures. However, 4 mil poly or thicker is more *Note: Personal protection equipment means a NIOSH/MSHA
suitable for outdoor applications where wind or other mechan- approved respirator or gas mask fitted with an approved can-
ical stresses are likely to be encountered. ister for phosphine. The canister is approved for use up to
2. Determine if the enclosure is in an area where leakage during 15 ppm. SCBA or its equivalent must be used above 15 ppm
fumigation or aeration would affect nearby workers or or at unknown concentrations.
bystanders . 3. Seal all openings to the cargo hold or tank and lock or other-
3. Develop an appropriate Fumigant Management Plan. (Refer to wise secure all openings, manways, etc., which might be used
Section 21 Fumigation Management Plan.) to enter the hold. The overspace pressure relief system of
each tank aboard tankers must be sealed by closing the
4. Using the guidance given under Section 8 Exposure
appropriate valves and sealing the openings into the over-
Conditions, determine the length of the fumigation and calcu-
space with gas-tight materials.
late the dosage of tablets, pellets or gas bags to be applied
based upon volume of the space under the tarp, air and com-
modity temperature.
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4. Using the label, determine the length of the fumigation and 22.7.7 Barges
calculate the dosage of tablets, pellets or gas bags to be Barge fumigation is also regulated by U.S. Coast Guard
applied based upon volume of the vessel, air and/or commod- Regulation 46 CFR 147A as modified by U.S. Coast Guard
ity temperature and the general tightness of the vessel. Special Permit 2-75. This permit which must be obtained prior to
5. Placard all entrances to the treated spaces with fumigation the fumigation is available from:
warning signs. Commandant U.S. Coast Guard
6. If the fumigation is not completed and the vessel aerated Hazardous Materials Standards Division GMSO-3
before the manned vessel leaves port, the person in charge of Washington, DC 20593-0001
the vessel shall ensure that at least two units of personal pro- Leaks are a common cause of failures in the treatment of com-
tection equipment and one gas or vapor detection device, and modities aboard barges. Carefully inspect all hatch covers prior
a person qualified in their operation be on board the vessel to application of WEEVIL-CIDE® and seal, if necessary. Placard
during the voyage. the barge. Notify consignee if the barge is to be fumigated in-
7. During the fumigation, or until a manned vessel leaves port or transit and provide safety instructions for receipt and unloading.
the cargo is aerated, the certified applicator shall ensure that 22.8 SMALL SEALABLE ENCLOSURES
a qualified person using phosphine gas detection equipment
Develop an appropriate Fumigation Management Plan.
tests spaces adjacent to areas containing fumigated cargo as
well as all regularly occupied spaces for fumigant leakage. If Excellent results may be attained in the treatment of small enclo-
leakage of the fumigant is detected, the person in charge of sures since it is often possible to control the temperature during
the fumigation shall take action to correct the leakage, or shall fumigation and also to make the enclosure virtually gas tight.
inform the master of the vessel, or his representative, of the Take care not to overdose during these fumigations. A single
leakage so that corrective action can be taken. WEEVIL-CIDE® pellet will treat a space of 1.4 to 10 cubic feet. A
single WEEVIL-CIDE® tablet will treat a space of 6.9 to 50 cubic
8. Review with the master, or his representative, the precautions
feet. A single WEEVIL-CIDE® gas bag will treat a space of 77 to
and procedures to follow during the voyage of a shiphold in-
500 cubic feet.
transit fumigation.
22.9 BEEHIVES, SUPERS AND OTHER BEE KEEPING
22.7.3 Application Procedures for Bulk Dry Cargo Vessels
EQUIPMENT
and Tankers
Develop an appropriate Fumigation Management Plan.
1. Apply tablets or pellets by scattering uniformly over the com-
modity surface, or they may be shallow or deep probed into WEEVIL-CIDE® Tablets, Pellets and Gas Bags may be used for
the commodity mass. Gas bags may be placed on the surface the control of the Greater Wax Moth in stored beehives, supers,
of the commodity. and other bee keeping equipment and for the destruction of
bees, Africanized bees, and diseased bees including those
2. Immediately after application of the fumigant, close and
infested with tracheal mites and foulbrood. The recommended
secure all hatch covers, tank tops, butterworth valves, man-
dosage for this use is 30-45 tablets, 150-225 pellets or 3-4 gas
ways, etc.
bags per 1,000 cu. ft.
22.7.4 In-transit Fumigation of Transport Units (Containers) Fumigations may be performed in chambers at atmospheric
Aboard Ships pressure, under tarpaulins, etc., by using gas bags or by placing
In-transit fumigation of transport units on ships is also governed the tablets or pellets onto trays or into moisture permeable
by DOT RSPA 49 CFR 176.76(i) Transport Vehicles, Freight envelopes. Do not add more than 2 tablets or 10 pellets onto
Containers, and Portable Tanks Containing Hazardous Materials trays or into each envelope. Honey from treated hives or supers
and International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code P9025-1 may only be used for bee food.
Amdt. 27-94. Application procedures for fumigation of raw com-
22.10 BURROWING PEST CONTROL
modities or processed foods in transport units (containers) are
described in Section 22.5 of this Manual. The use of this product is strictly prohibited on single and
multi-family residential properties and nursing homes,
22.7.5 Precautions and Procedures During Voyage schools (except athletic fields), daycare facilities and
1. Using appropriate gas detection equipment, monitor spaces hospitals.
adjacent to areas containing fumigated cargo and all regular- A Fumigation Management Plan must be written for all bur-
ly occupied areas for fumigant leakage. If leakage is detected, rowing pest fumigations.
the area should be evacuated of all personnel, ventilated, and
action taken to correct the leakage before allowing the area to 22.10.1 Use Restrictions
be occupied. THIS PRODUCT MUST NOT BE APPLIED INTO A BURROW
2. Do not enter fumigated areas except under emergency condi- SYSTEM THAT IS WITHIN 100 FEET OF A BUILDING THAT IS,
tions. If necessary to enter a fumigated area, appropriate per- OR MAY BE, OCCUPIED BY HUMANS, AND/OR DOMESTIC
sonal protection equipment must be used. Never enter ANIMALS.
fumigated areas alone. At least one other person, wearing per- This product must be applied to underground burrow systems
sonal protection equipment, should be available to assist in located in noncrop areas, crop areas, or orchards occupied by
case of an emergency. woodchucks, yellowbelly marmots (rockchucks), prairie dogs
(except Utah prairie dogs, Cynomys Parvidens), roof rats, mice,
22.7.6 Precautions and Procedures During Discharge
ground squirrels, moles, voles, pocket gophers or chipmunks.
If necessary to enter holds prior to discharge, test spaces direct-
All treatments for control of these species in burrows must be
ly above grain surface for fumigant concentration using appro-
made outdoors. Pellets or tablets must be applied directly to
priate gas detection and personal safety equipment. Do not
underground burrow systems. Before using WEEVIL-CIDE®
allow entry to fumigated areas without personal safety equip-
tablets or pellets for burrowing pest control, read the applicable
ment, unless fumigant concentrations are at safe levels, as indi-
restrictions under Environmental Hazards and Endangered
cated by a suitable detector.
Species below.

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This product must be used out of doors only for control of bur- treatment rate according to the level of soil moisture, using
rowing pests and for use ONLY on agricultural areas, orchards, more pellets or tablets if the soil is relatively dry. Do not treat
non-crop areas (such as pasture and rangeland), golf courses, if soil is extremely dry or if there are no signs of recent gopher
athletic fields, airports, cemeteries, rights-of way, earthen dams, or mole activity. Make a tight seal to close probe hole by using
parks and recreational areas and other non-residential institu- a clod of soil or a sod plug to cover the hole or by using the
tional or industrial sites. heel of your shoe to push sod and/or soil over the surface
a. When this product is used in athletic fields or parks, the opening. If the probe hole is more than one inch in diameter,
applicator shall post a sign at entrances to the treated site place crumpled paper in the hole before closing it with soil
containing the signal word DANGER/PELIGRO skull and and/or sod. Two days after treatment, you may check area for
crossbones, the words: DO NOT ENTER/NO ENTRE, FIELD residual pest activity by poking holes in main runways of bur-
NOT FOR USE, the name and EPA registration number of row systems, flagging holes and inspecting them two days
the fumigant, and a 24 hour emergency response number. later. You should retreat all reclosed burrow openings, on both
Placards may be removed 2 days after the final treatment. sides of the plug.
b. When this product is used out-of-doors to a site other than THIS PRODUCT MUST NOT BE APPLIED INTO A BURROW
an athletic field or park, the applicator shall post a sign at SYSTEM THAT IS WITHIN 100 FEET IF A BUILDING THAT IS,
the application site containing the signal word OR MAY BE, OCCUPIED BY HUMANS, AND/OR DOMESTIC
DANGER/PELIGRO skull and crossbones, the name and ANIMALS.
EPA registration number of the fumigant, and a 24-hour
emergency response number. Signs may be removed SECTION 23
2 days after the final treatment.
ENDANGERED SPECIES RESTRICTIONS
Document any burrows that open under or into occupied build-
The use of WEEVIL-CIDE® in a manner that may kill or otherwise
ings, and do not apply to these burrows. In addition, check for
harm an endangered or threatened species or adversely modify
any other source through which the gas may enter into occupied
their habitat is a violation of Federal laws. This product is toxic
buildings as a result of application to burrows. If there is any way
to wildlife. Many non-target organisms exposed to phosphine
gas can move through pipes, conduits etc., from burrows, do not
gas in burrows will be killed. Do not apply directly to water or
treat these burrows.
wetlands (swamps, bogs, marshes, and potholes). Do not con-
Prior to treating a rodent burrow the applicator must provide the taminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of wastes.
customer with a copy of the Fumigation Management Plan. Before using this pesticide on range and/or pastureland you
22.10.2 Application Directions for Control of Burrowing must obtain the PESTICIDE USE BULLETIN FOR PROTECTION
Pests OF ENDANGERED SPECIES for the county in which the product
For use by a certified applicator or person under the direct is to be used. The bulletin is available from your County
supervision and who have been trained specifically for use Extension Agent, State Fish and Game Office, or your pesticide
of this product in burrowing pest control. dealer. Use of this product in a manner inconsistent with the
Use application procedures appropriate to the type of burrow PESTICIDE USE BULLETIN FOR PROTECTION OF ENDAN-
system being treated. DOSAGE RATES MUST NOT BE EXCEED- GERED SPECIES is a violation of Federal laws.
ED UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES. Even if applicable county bulletins do not prohibit the use of this
1. For species with open burrow systems, locate all entrances to product at the intended site of application, you may not use this
each burrow system. Treatment of more than one entrance in product for control of prairie dogs in the states of Arizona,
a system is often desirable as systems often overlap and are Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North
not defined. Treat all entrances except for those entrances you Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Utah or Wyoming
are sure connect to already treated entrances. Insert 2 to unless a pre-control survey has been conducted. Contact the
4 tablets or 10 to 20 pellets into each burrow entrance to be nearest U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Endangered Species
treated. Use the lower rates for smaller burrows and/or when Specialist to determine survey requirements in your area. This
soil moisture is high. Use the higher rates for larger burrow survey must be in compliance with the Black-Footed Ferret
systems and when soil moisture is relatively low. Pack the Survey Guidelines, developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
treated entrance with crumpled paper and shovel soil to com- Service, and a determination must be made in accordance with
pletely cover the paper. Using crumpled paper will prevent soil the Guidelines that black-footed ferrets are not present in the
from covering the tablets or pellets and slowing down their treatment area.
action. Rocks, clods of soil, cardboard, etc. may be used for CALIFORNIA (all endangered species)
this purpose. Be sure to seal all untreated entrances by shov- Fresno, Inyo, Kern, Kings, Madera, Merced, Monterey, San
eling and packing soil and/or sod to completely seal the open- Benito, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, Stanislaus and Tulare
ing. Inspect treated areas 1 or 2 days following treatment for See the U.S. EPA Interim Measures Bulletin for your county. To
signs of residual activity of target species. Treat all reopened obtain a copy of the bulletin, contact your county agricultural
burrow openings in the manner prescribed above. commissioner or visit the following website:
THIS PRODUCT MUST NOT BE APPLIED INTO A BURROW http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/es/index.htm. If there is no
SYSTEM THAT IS WITHIN 100 FEET IF A BUILDING THAT IS, current bulletin available for your county, contact the U.S. Fish
OR MAY BE, OCCUPIED BY HUMANS, AND/OR DOMESTIC and Wildlife Service office in Portland, OR to determine
ANIMALS. whether there are endangered species that might be adverse-
2. For species with closed burrow systems, (pocket gophers and ly affected by your proposed use of WEEVIL-CIDE® and the
moles in some situations). Locate the main underground run- steps you should take to mitigate any such risks.
way by probing with a smooth-sided rod 12 to 18 inches from FLORIDA
a fresh mound. For pocket gophers, begin probing on the flat
Statewide
side of the mound. A sudden reduction in soil resistance to the
probe indicates that the main runway has been located. Once GEORGIA
the main runway is located, remove the probe and apply 2 to Appling, Atkinson, Bacon, Baker, Ben Hill, Bleckley, Berrien,
4 tablets or 10 to 20 pellets through the probe hole. Adjust Brantley, Brooks, Bryan, Bullock, Calhoun, Camden, Chandler,
19
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Charlton, Chatham, Clinch, Coffee, Colquitt, Cook, Crisp, 24.2 DISPOSAL OF ALUMINUM FLASKS
Decatur, Dodge, Dooly, Dougherty, Early, Echols, Effingham, Non-refillable containers. Do not reuse or refill this container.
Emanuel, Evans, Glynn, Grady, Irwin, Jeff Davis, Jenkins, Offer for recycling. Triple rinse container (or equivalent) prompt-
Johnson, Lanier, Laurens, Lee, Liberty, Long, Lowndes, Macon, ly after emptying. Triple rinse flasks and stoppers with water as
McClintosh, Miller, Mitchell, Montgomery, Pierce, Pulaski, follows:
Screven, Seminole, Telfair, Tattnall, Thomas, Tift, Toombs, Empty the remaining contents into application equipment or a
Treutlen, Turner, Ware, Wayne, Wheeler, Wilcox and Worth. mix tank. Fill the container 1/4 full with water and recap. Shake
NEW MEXICO for 10 seconds. Pour rinsate into application equipment or a mix
Hidalgo tank or store rinsate for later use or disposal. Drain for 10 sec-
onds after the flow begins to drip. Repeat this procedure two
UTAH
more times. Then offer for recycling, if available or offer for recon-
Beaver, Garfield, Iron, Kane, Piute, Sevier, Washington and ditioning, if appropriate, or puncture and dispose of in a sanitary
Wayne landfill, or by other procedures approved by state and local
WYOMING authorities. Rinsate may be disposed of in a sanitary landfill, by
Albany pouring it out onto the ground or by other approved procedures.
It is permissible to remove lids and expose empty flasks to
Special Local Restrictions
atmospheric conditions until residue in the flask is reacted. Then
1. NORTH CAROLINA puncture and dispose of in a sanitary landfill or other approved
WEEVIL-CIDE® Tablets and Pellets may only be used for control site, or by other procedures approved by state and local
of rats in the State of North Carolina. Use against other burrow- authorities.
ing (not insect pests) pests is not permitted. If properly exposed the residual dust remaining after fumigation
2. OKLAHOMA with WEEVIL-CIDE® Tablet or Pellets will be a grayish-white pow-
A special permit for black-tailed prairie dog control by poisoning der and contain only a small amount of unreacted aluminum
is required in Oklahoma. Contact the Oklahoma State phosphide. However, residual dust from incompletely exposed
Department of Wildlife Conservation to obtain this permit. WEEVIL-CIDE® Tablets or Pellets may require special care.

3. WISCONSIN 24.3 DIRECTIONS FOR DISPOSAL OF RESIDUAL DUST

FROM WEEVIL-CIDE® – PELLETS AND TABLETS
A state permit is required for use of pesticides in Wisconsin to
control small mammals, except rats. Contact your local If properly exposed, the residual dust remaining after a fumiga-
Department of Natural Resources office for information. tion with WEEVIL-CIDE® will be a grayish-white powder. This will
be a nonhazardous waste and contain only a small amount of
4. INDIANA unreacted aluminum phosphide. However, residual dust from
Use of WEEVIL-CIDE® Tablets or Pellets for mole control is not incompletely exposed WEEVIL-CIDE®, (so called green dust)
legal in the State of Indiana. requires special care.
5. MISSOURI Confinement of partially spent residual dust (as in a closed con-
A state permit is required for use of pesticides in Missouri to con- tainer) or collection and storage of large quantities of dust may
trol small mammals, except rats. Please contact the Missouri result in a fire hazard. Small amounts of phosphine may be given
Department of Conservation for information. off from unreacted aluminum phosphide, and confinement of the
gas may result in a flash.
6. KANSAS
In open areas, small amounts of residual dust, up to about 5 to
A special permit for black-tailed prairie dog control by poisoning 8 kg may be disposed of on site by burial or by spreading over
is required in Kansas. Contact the Kansas Fish and Game the land surface away from inhabited buildings.
Commission to obtain this permit.
Spent residual dust from WEEVIL-CIDE® may also be collected
7. CALIFORNIA and disposed of at a sanitary landfill, incinerator or other
Use of WEEVIL-CIDE® Tablets and Pellets for chipmunk control approved sites or by other procedures approved by Federal,
is not legal in the State of California. State or Local authorities. “Green dust” must be further deacti-
vated before disposal at a landfill.
SECTION 24 From 2 to 3 kg (4 to 7 lbs.) of spent dust from 2 to 3 flasks of
WEEVIL-CIDE® may be collected for disposal in a 1-gallon buck-
DISPOSAL INSTRUCTIONS
et. Larger amounts, up to about one-half case, may be collected
24.1 GENERAL in burlap, cotton or other types of porous cloth bags for trans-
Do not contaminate water, food or feed by storage or disposal. portation in an open vehicle to the disposal site. Do not collect
Unreacted or partially reacted WEEVIL-CIDE® is acutely haz- dust from more than 7 flasks of tablets or 10 flasks of pellets
ardous. Improper disposal of excess pesticide is a violation of (about 11 kg or 25 lbs.) in a single bag. Do not pile cloth bags
Federal Law. If these wastes cannot be disposed of by use together. Do not use this method for partially spent or “green”
according to the Applicator’s Manual instructions, contact your dust. Caution: Do not collect dust in large drums, dumpsters,
State Pesticide or Environmental Control Agency, or the plastic bags or other containers where confinement may
Hazardous Waste representative at the nearest EPA Regional occur.
Office for guidance. For specific instructions, see Disposal 24.4 DIRECTIONS FOR DEACTIVATION OF PARTIALLY
Instructions (Section 24) and the Spill and Leak Procedures SPENT RESIDUAL DUST FROM WEEVIL-CIDE® –
(Section 25) of this Manual. PELLETS AND TABLETS
Some local and state waste disposal regulations may vary there- Partially spent dust must be deactivated further prior to ultimate
fore disposal procedures must be reviewed with appropriate disposal. This is especially true in cases of incomplete exposure
authorities to ensure compliance with local regulations. Contact that has resulted in so-called “green dust” or following a fumiga-
your state Pesticide or Environmental Control Agency or tion that has produced large quantities of partially spent material.
Hazardous Waste Specialist at the nearest EPA Regional Office
for guidance.
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Caution: Wear a NIOSH/MSHA approved full-face gas mask – 2. Submerge intact gas bags for 36 hours. A metal grid works
phosphine canister combination (if exposed to levels between well to keep gas bags submerged. This should be done in the
0.3 ppm and 15 ppm) or a Self Contained Breathing Apparatus open air and not in the fumigated structure. Do not cover the
(SCBA) (if exposure is unknown or above 15 ppm) during wet container being used for wet deactivation. Use no less than
deactivation of partially spent material. Do not cover the contain- 1 gallon of water/detergent solution for 60 gas bags. Wear
er being used for wet deactivation. Do not dispose of appropriate respiratory protection during wet deactivation of
WEEVIL-CIDE® dust in a toilet. partially spent gas bags.
Residual dust from WEEVIL-CIDE® Tablets and Pellets may 3. Dispose of the deactivated dust-water suspension, with or
be deactivated as follows using the “Wet Method.” without preliminary decanting, at a sanitary landfill or other
1. Deactivating solution is prepared by adding the appropriate suitable site approved by local authorities. Where permissible,
amount of low sudsing detergent or surface-active agent to the slurry may be poured out onto the ground. If the slurry has
water in a drum or other suitable container. A 2% solution (or been held for 36 hours or more, it may be poured into a storm
4 cups in 30 gallons) of detergent is suggested. The contain- sewer.
er should be filled with deactivating solution to within a few 4. Collect spent gas bags and dispose of them in a sanitary land-
inches of the top. fill, approved pesticide incinerator or other approved sites or
2. Residual dust is poured slowly into the deactivating solution by other procedures approved by federal, state and local
and stirred so as to thoroughly wet all of the particles. This authorities.
should be done in the open air and not in the fumigated struc- Residual dust from WEEVIL-CIDE® Gas Bags may be
ture. Do not cover the container being used for wet deactiva- deactivated using the “Dry Method.”
tion. Dust from WEEVIL-CIDE® Tablets or Pellets should be Extension of the fumigation period is the simplest method for fur-
mixed into no less than about 10 gallons of water-detergent ther deactivation of “green” or partially spent dust in Gas Bags
solution for each case of material used. Wear appropriate res- prior to ultimate disposal.
piratory protection during wet deactivation of partially spent 1. Collect gas bags and place them into a secure, ventilated
dust. holding container. Store the gas bags until they are spent.
3. Dispose of the deactivated dust-water suspension, with or Caution: Transport these bags in open vehicles. Do not pile up
without preliminary decanting, at a sanitary landfill or other the bags. Do not store “green dust” in bags. Ignition can occur
suitable site approved by local authorities. Where permissible, if large numbers of incompletely reacted gas bags are con-
the slurry may be poured out onto the ground. If the slurry has tacted by liquid water. This can occur in open or perforated
been held for 36 hours or more, it may be poured into a storm storage containers. Storage should be out of doors in a rela-
sewer. tively isolated area, protected from rain.
Residual dust from WEEVIL-CIDE® Tablets and Pellets may 2. Collect spent gas bags and dispose of them in a sanitary land-
also be deactivated as follows using the “Dry Method.” fill, approved pesticide incinerator or other approved sites or
1. Extension of the fumigation period is the simplest method for by other procedures approved by federal, state and local
further deactivation of “green” or partially spent dust prior to authorities.
ultimate disposal.
2. Small amounts of partially spent dust, from 2 to 3 kg (4 to SECTION 25
7 lbs.) may be further deactivated by storage in a 1-gallon SPILL AND LEAK PROCEDURES
bucket. Larger amounts of dust (about 11 kg or 25 lbs.) may
be held for deactivation in porous cloth bags (burlap, cotton, 25.1 GENERAL PRECAUTIONS AND DIRECTIONS
etc.). Caution: Transport these bags in open vehicles. Do not A spill, other than incidental to application or normal handling,
pile up the bags. Do not store “green dust” in bags. may produce high levels of gas and, therefore, attending person-
nel must wear SCBA or its equivalent when the concentration of
24.5 DIRECTIONS FOR DEACTIVATION OF PARTIALLY
hydrogen phosphide gas is unknown. Other NIOSH/MSA
SPENT RESIDUAL DUST FROM WEEVIL-CIDE® –
approved respiratory protection may be worn if the concentra-
GAS BAGS
tion is known. Do not use water at any time to clean up a spill of
Unless it can be determined with certainty that the gas bags are WEEVIL-CIDE® product. Water in contact with unreacted
spent, they must be deactivated using the Dry Deactivation or WEEVIL-CIDE® product will greatly accelerate the production of
Wet Deactivation methods as described below prior to disposal. hydrogen phosphide gas which could result in a toxic and/or fire
Caution: Wear a NIOSH/MSHA approved full-face gas mask – hazard. Wear gloves of cotton or other material when handling
phosphine canister combination (if exposed to levels between aluminum phosphide.
0.3 ppm and 15 ppm) or a Self Contained Breathing Apparatus Return all intact aluminum flasks to cardboard case or other suit-
(SCBA) (if exposure is unknown or above 15 ppm) during wet able packaging which has been properly marked according to
deactivation of partially spent material. Do not cover the contain- DOT regulations. Notify consignee and shipper of damaged
er being used for wet deactivation. Do not dispose of cases.
WEEVIL-CIDE® dust in a toilet.
If aluminum flasks have been punctured or damaged so as to
Residual dust from WEEVIL-CIDE® Gas Bags may be leak, the container may be temporarily repaired with aluminum
deactivated using the “Wet Method.” tape or the WEEVIL-CIDE® product may be transferred from the
1. Deactivating solution is prepared by adding the appropriate damaged flask to a sound metal container which should be
amount of low sudsing detergent or surface-active agent to sealed and properly labeled as aluminum phosphide. Transport
water in a drum or other suitable container. A 2% solution (or the damaged containers to an area suitable for pesticide storage
4 cups in 30 gallons) of detergent is suggested. The contain- for inspection. Further instructions and recommendations may
er should be filled with deactivating solution to within a few be obtained, if required, from UPI or from your distributor.
inches of the top. Never place tablets, pellets, or dust in a closed container such
as a dumpster, sealed drum, plastic bag, etc., as flammable con-
centrations and a flash of phosphine gas are likely to develop.

21
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If a spill has occurred which is only a few minutes old, collect the suitable site approved by local authorities. Where permissible,
tablets and pellets and place them back into the original flasks, the slurry may be poured out onto the ground. If the slurry has
if they are intact, and stopper tightly. Place the collected tablets been held for 36 hours or more, it may be poured into a storm
and pellets in a sound metal container if the original flasks are sewer.
damaged. Caution: These flasks may flash upon opening at 4. Collect spent gas bags and dispose of them in a sanitary land-
some later time. fill, approved pesticide incinerator or other approved sites or
If the age of the spill is unknown or if the Tablets, Pellets or Gas by other procedures approved by federal, state and local
Bags have been contaminated with soil, debris, water, etc., gath- authorities.
er up the spillage and place it into small open buckets having a FOR CHEMICAL EMERGENCY, SPILL,
capacity no larger than about 1 gallon. Do not add more than LEAK, FIRE, EXPOSURE OR ACCIDENT
about one flask of spilled material, 1 to 1.5 kg (2 to 3 lbs.), to the CALL CHEMTREC 1-800-424-9300
bucket. If on-site, wet deactivation is not feasible, these open
containers should be transported in open vehicles to a suitable IMPORTANT INFORMATION
area. Wet deactivation may then be carried out as described in READ BEFORE USING PRODUCT
Sections 24.4 and 24.5 of this Manual. Alternatively, small
amounts of spillage from 4 to 5 flasks (4 to 8 kg, 9 to 18 lbs.) may CONDITIONS OF SALE AND LIMITATION OF
be spread out in an open area away from inhabited buildings to WARRANTY AND LIABILITY
be deactivated by atmospheric moisture. NOTICE: Read the entire Directions for Use and Conditions of
25.2 DIRECTIONS FOR DEACTIVATION BY WET METHOD Sale and Limitation of Warranty and Liability before buying or
Caution: Wear a NIOSH/MSHA approved full-face gas mask – using this product. If the terms are not acceptable, return the
phosphine canister combination (if exposed to levels between product at once, unopened, and the purchase price will be
0.3 ppm and 15 ppm) or a Self Contained Breathing Apparatus refunded.
(SCBA) (if exposure is unknown or above 15 ppm) during wet The Directions for Use of this product reflect the opinion of
deactivation of partially spent material. Do not cover the contain- experts based on field use and tests, and must be followed
er being used for wet deactivation. Do not dispose of carefully. It is impossible to eliminate all risks associated with
WEEVIL-CIDE® dust in a toilet. the use of this product. Crop injury, ineffectiveness or other
If the contaminated material is not to be held until completely unintended consequences may result because of such factors
reacted by exposure to atmospheric moisture, deactivate the as manner of use or application, weather or crop conditions,
Tablets and Pellets by the “Wet Method” as follows: presence of other materials or other influencing factors in the
use of the product, which are beyond the control of United
1. Deactivating solution is prepared by adding low sudsing
Phosphorus, Inc. or Seller. Handling, storage, and use of the
detergent or surface-active agent to water in a drum or other
product by Buyer or User are beyond the control of United
suitable container. A 2% solution or 4 cups in 30 gallons is
Phosphorus, Inc. and Seller. All such risks shall be assumed
suggested. The container should be filled with deactivating
by Buyer and User, and Buyer and User agree to hold United
solution to within a few inches of the top.
Phosphorus, Inc. and Seller harmless for any claims relating
2. The Tablets or Pellets should be poured slowly into the deac- to such factors.
tivating solution and stirred so as to thoroughly wet all of the
TO THE EXTENT CONSISTENT WITH APPLICABLE LAW,
WEEVIL-CIDE®. This should be done in the open air. Do not
UNITED PHOSPHORUS, INC. AND SELLER MAKE NO
cover the container being used for wet deactivation.
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR OF FITNESS
WEEVIL-CIDE® Tablets or Pellets should be mixed into no less
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE NOR ANY OTHER
than about 15 gallons of water-detergent solution for each
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY EXCEPT AS STATED
case of material. Wear appropriate respiratory protection dur-
ON THIS LABEL.
ing wet deactivation.
To the extent consistent with applicable law, United
3. Allow the mixture to stand, with occasional stirring, for about
Phosphorus, Inc. or Seller shall not be liable for any inciden-
36 hours. The resultant slurry will then be safe for disposal.
tal, consequential or special damages resulting from the use
Dispose of the slurry of deactivated material, with or without
or handling of this product and THE EXCLUSIVE REMEDY
preliminary decanting, at a sanitary landfill or other suitable
OF THE USER OR BUYER, AND THE EXCLUSIVE LIABILI-
site approved by local authorities. Where permissible, this
TY OF UNITED PHOSPHORUS, INC. AND SELLER FOR
slurry may be poured into a storm sewer or out onto the
ANY AND ALL CLAIMS, LOSSES, INJURIES OR DAMAGES
ground.
(INCLUDING CLAIMS BASED ON BREACH OF WARRAN-
The following procedure is used to deactivate Gas Bags using TY, CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE, TORT, STRICT LIABILITY
the “Wet Method.”: OR OTHERWISE) RESULTING FROM THE USE OR HAN-
1. Deactivating solution is prepared by adding the appropriate DLING OF THIS PRODUCT, SHALL BE THE RETURN OF
amount of low sudsing detergent or surface-active agent to THE PURCHASE PRICE OF THE PRODUCT OR, AT THE
water in a drum or other suitable container. A 2% solution (or ELECTION OF UNITED PHOSPHORUS, INC. OR SELLER,
4 cups in 30 gallons) of detergent is suggested. The contain- THE REPLACEMENT OF THE PRODUCT.
er should be filled with deactivating solution to within a few United Phosphorus, Inc. and Seller offer this product, and
inches of the top. Buyer and User accept it, subject to the foregoing conditions
2. Submerge intact gas bags for 36 hours. A metal grid works of sale and limitations of warranty and of liability, which may
well to keep gas bags submerged. This should be done in the not be modified except by written agreement signed by the
open air and not in the fumigated structure. Do not cover the duly authorized representative of United Phosphorus, Inc.
container being used for wet deactivation. Use no less than
1 gallon of water/detergent solution for 60 gas bags. Wear Weevil-Cide is a registered trademark of United Phosphorus, Inc.
appropriate respiratory protection during wet deactivation of © 2010 United Phosphorus, Inc. All rights reserved.
partially spent gas bags.
Made in U.S.A.
3. Dispose of the deactivated dust-water suspension, with or
Rev. 4/10 70506-13,14,15(062810-3788)
without preliminary decanting, at a sanitary landfill or other
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