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 INDEX
QURAN
S.NO TOPIC PAGE NUMBER

1 Surah-e-Shams 7
2 Surah-e Alaq 9
3 Surah-e-Maoon 11
4 Ayat by topic 12
5 Short Duas 13
6 Names of Surahs 14
7 Benefits of Quran 15
8 Defence of Quran 16

AQAAID
S.NO TOPIC PAGE NUMBER
1 Tawheed 19
2 Justice (Adal) 21
3 Miracles 23
4 Foot swiping in Wudu 25
5 Opening hands in Namaz 26
6 The Last Prophet Hazrat Mohammad 27

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 FIQH
S.NO TOPIC PAGE NUMBER
1 Denial of Taqleed and its reply 31
2 Rulings on Taharat 32
3 Animals of Halal flesh 34
4 Animals of Haram flesh 35
5 Irtimasi Ghusl 38
6 Namaz rulings (1) 39
7 Namaz rulings (2) 41
8 Recommendations for Friday 43
9 Khums 44
10 Fasting rulings 45

ETHICS & MANNERISM (AKHLAQ)

S.no TOPIC PAGE NUMBER
1 Anger 51
2 Disadvantages of Music 53
3 Sin of not praying Namaz 55
4 Condemnation of Sins 56
5 How to save ourselves from sins 58
6 Riya showing off in worship 59
7 Not being fear of Allah 60
8 Back Biting 62
9 Repentance (Tawba) 63
10 Helping humanity 65
11 Contentment 66
12 Being well mannered 67

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 HISTORY
S.NO TOPIC PAGE NUMBER
1 Hazrat Zulkafl (a.s.) 71
2 Hazrat Zakaryia (a.s.) 73
3 The progeny of Prophet (P.B.U.H.) 75
4 Imam Ali (a.s.) 76
5 Companions of Imam Ali (a.s.) 79
6 Imam Hassan (a.s.) 82
7 The travel of Karbala 84
8 Lecture of Ghadeer-e-khum 86
9 Fiqh-e-jafria 88
10 Syed Murtaza ilm-ul-huda 90
11 Syed Mehdi Behr-ul-uloom 92
12 Momin-e-Aal-e-Firon 94

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4
QURAN

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6
 SURAH-E-SHAMS

BENEFITS:
 Whoever recites this Surah, it is like the one who has given Sadqa on which sun and
moon shine. (Hadith of Prophet P.B.U.H.)

 Whoever recites it regularly, Allah SWT will give him the ability and will give him more
memory and he will be important and popular in people.
(Hadith of Prophet P.B.U.H.)

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TRANSLATION:
By the sun and its brightness
And [by] the moon when it follows it

And [by] the day when it displays it

And [by] the night when it covers it

And [by] the sky and He who constructed it

And [by] the earth and He who spread it

And [by] the soul and He who proportioned it

And inspired it [with discernment of] its wickedness and its righteousness,

He has succeeded who purifies it,

And he has failed who instills it [with corruption].

Thamud denied [their prophet] by reason of their transgression,

When the most wretched of them was sent forth.

And the messenger of Allah [Salih] said to them, "[Do not harm] the she-camel of Allah or [prevent
her from] her drink."

But they denied him and hamstrung her. So their Lord brought down upon them destruction for
their sin and made it equal [upon all of them].

And He does not fear the consequence thereof.

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 SURAH-E-ALAQ

BENEFITS:
Imam Jaffer Sadiq (a.s.) says,
“One who recites Surah-e-Alaq during the day or night and dies that day or night then he will
go as a martyr from this world. Allah SWT will assign him as martyr and will give him place in
the line of martyrs. On the day of Judgment he will be like who has done holy war (jihad) with
sword, in the way of Allah SWT in the MAEEAT(together) of the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H.).”

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TRANSLATION:
Recite in the name of your Lord who created

Created man from a clinging substance.

Recite, and your Lord is the most Generous -

Who taught by the pen -

Taught man that which he knew not

No! [But] indeed, man transgresses

Because he sees himself self-sufficient.

Indeed, to your Lord is the return.

Have you seen the one who forbids

A servant when he prays?

Have you seen if he is upon guidance

Or enjoins righteousness?

Have you seen if he denies and turns away

Does he not know that Allah sees?

No! If he does not desist, We will surely drag him by the forelock -

A lying, sinning forelock.

Then let him call his associates;

We will call the angels of Hell.

No! Do not obey him. But prostrate and draw near [to Allah].

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 SURAH-E-MAUN

BENEFITS:
Imam Mohammad Baqir (a.s.) said,
“One who recites this Surah in his obligatory or recommended prayers, Allah SWT will accept
his Namaz and Fasts; and also will not take accountability of things that happened in the world
against them.”

TRANSLATION:
Have you seen the one who denies the Recompense?
For that is the one who drives away the orphan

And does not encourage the feeding of the poor.

So woe to those who pray

[But] who are heedless of their prayer -

Those who make show [of their deeds]

And withhold [simple] assistance.

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 AYATS BY TOPIC

1) Perfection/Completion of religion:

‫اْل ْس ََل َم ِدينًا‬

ِْ ‫يت لَ ُك ُم‬
ُ ‫ض‬ِ ‫ت َعلَيْ ُكم نِ ْعمتِي ور‬
ََ َ ْ ُ ‫م‬ ‫م‬‫ت‬
ْ َ
‫أ‬
َْ َ ْ‫و‬ ‫م‬ ‫ك‬
ُ ‫ين‬
َ ِ ‫ْت لَ ُكم‬
‫د‬ ْ ُ ‫الْيَ ْوَم أَ ْك َمل‬
Translation: This day I have perfected your religion for you, completed
My favour upon you, and have chosen for you Islam as your religion.
(Surah-e-Mayda: Ayat 3)

2) The ayat for love (muadat):

)۲۳‫َج ًرا إِاَّل ال َْم َو اد َة فِي الْ ُق ْربَى(وسرہوشری۔‬ ِ

ْ ‫قُل اَّل أ‬
ْ ‫َسأَلُ ُك ْم َعلَ ْيه أ‬
Translation: Say [O Muhammad! Say unto people]: “No reward do I
ask of you for this [Divine Call] except to be kind to my close
relatives.” (Surah-e-Shura: Ayat 23)

3) Extensive reward (khair-e-kaseer):

ِ ‫ت ال‬
‫ْح ْك َمةَ فَ َق ْد أُوتِ َي َخ ْي ًرا َكثِ ًيرا‬ َ ‫َوَمن يُ ْؤ‬
Translation: He gives wisdom to whom He wills, and whoever has
been given wisdom has certainly been given much good. (Surah-e-
Baqarah: Ayat 269)

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 SHORT DUAS

1) Dua for sleeping time:

.‫صير‬ ِ ‫للا أَموت َو أَحْ ـ َيا َو إِلـى‬

ِ ‫للا ْال َم‬ ِ ‫ِبسْ ِم‬
Translation: Begin in the name of Allah SWT who gives death and life and to whom we have to
return.

2) Dua for memory improvement:

‘‫َيا َحی َيا َقي ْوم َفلَ َيف ْوت َش ْيا ِع ْل َمہ‘ َو َل َيودہ‬
Translation: The Ever Living One! From whose knowledge neither
nothing escapes and nor makes Him tired.

3) Dua for success in examination:

‫ک ِب َنصْ ِرہ َو ِب ْالم ْو ِم ِن ْين۔‬

َ ‫َف ِان َحسْ َبکَ للا ھ َو ال ِذیْ اَي َد‬
Translation: Indeed, for you Allah SWT is sufficient. That is
Allah SWT, who with His special help and believers backed out.

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 NAMES OF SURAH

1) Zareeyat……………………………………..…………………………………Storm

2) Toor……………………………………….………………..Name of a mountain

3) Najam…………………………………………………………………………...Stars

4) Qamar…………………………………………………………………….……Moon

5) Rehman………………………………………………………..…….the Merciful

6) Waqiya…………………………………………………………….……………Story

7) Hadeed…………………………………………………………………..……..Iron

8) Mujadila ………………………………………………………………………..War

9) Hashar ………………………………………………………...Day of Judgment

10) Mumtahina…………………..…..the woman who gives exam

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 BENEFITS OF QURAN
QURAN:
 “Indeed, this Qur'an guides to that which is most suitable”
(Surah-e-Asra: Ayat 9)
 “……And We have sentdown this Quran on you in which
everything is clearly explained….” (Surah-e-Nahl Ayat 89)

HADITH OF THE HOLY PROPHET (P.B.U.H.)

 “O Ali (a.s.), the holy Quran is the leader of Verbatim
(Kalaam).”
 “There is innovation and freshness in the Verbatim of Allah SWT.”
 “The holy Quran is higher and prior of everything except Allah SWT.”
 “Be humble for the contents of the holy Quran, so Allah SWT may raise you high
because of it.”
 “Indeed, the holy Quran is etiquette of Lord, thus learn the etiquette of Lord as much as
possible.”
 “Give your children the training for three things: the love for your Prophet (P.B.U.H.),
the love of his progeny (a.s.) and the recitation of the holy Quran.”
 “The one who tries to memorize the holy Quran and he has to put more effort because
of weak memory, then Allah SWT will give him twice the reward.”
 “The recitation of the holy Quran is the best worship.”
 “One who finishes the holy Quran, it is like Prophethood found a way in him; but the
revelation is not sent on him.”
 “Indeed, the holy Quran has been sent with grief. When you recite it then read it while
crying; if you cannot cry then impose a state of weeping over yourself.”
 “Everything has an ornament. The ornament of the holy Quran is good voice.”
 “Reading the holy Quran while looking at it, is of more priority, as compared to reading
it orally (through memory).”

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 THE DEFENCE OF QURAN
THE REVELATION OF SURAH-E-REHMAN:
The time when Surah-e-Rehman was revealed on the Holy Prophet
(P.B.U.H.), he said to his companions, “Is there anyone who can recite
this in front of elders of Quraish?” They all stayed quiet because they
were afraid of the probable troubles from these elders of Quraish.

RECITATION OF SURAH-E-REHMAN:
But Abdullah bin Masood (r.a.) stood up and said, “O Prophet of Allah SWT, I will recite Surah-
e-Rehman in front of the elders of Quraish. Ibn-e-Masood (r.a.) was old and physically weak.
When he went to the seniors of Quraish, he found them gathered around the Holy Ka’aba. He
started reciting Surah-e-Rehman there. In the meanwhile, Abu Jehal got up and slapped him so
hard that his ear got hurt and it started bleeding. Abdullah bin Masood came crying to the
Holy Prophet . When the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) saw him in this condition, he became sad .

ARRIVAL OF HAZRAT JIBRAEL (a.s.):

Just then, Hazrat Jibrael (a.s.) came smiling from Allah SWT, to the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H.).
Hazrat Muhammad (P.B.U.H.) asked Hazrat Jibrael, “What is there to smile when Abdullah bin
Masood is hurt and is crying?” Jibrael said, “You will soon find out”

THE BATTLE OF BADAR:

After a few days of this event, the battle of Badar took place which the Muslims won. While
Ibne-e-Masood was passing nearby the dead bodies of the infidels, he saw Abu Jehal who was
wounded and was breathing his last breaths. On seeing this, Ibn-e-Masood climbed on his
chest. Abu Jehal said, “O low shepherd, you are standing at a very high place.” Ibn-e-Masood
replied, “Islam is the highest and there is nothing above that.” Abu Jehal replied, “Tell your
friend Mahammad (P.B.U.H.) that in my life there is no one more hateful than him and now at
the time of my death too, he deserves the most hatred.”

THE SAYING OF THE HOLY PROPHET (P.B.U.H.):

When the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H.) heard this, he said, “The Pharaoh (Firoun) of my time was
worse than the Pharaoh of the time of Moses (a.s.); because the Pharaoh of his time at least
said in his last time that I have embraced faith, but this Pharaoh is a rebel in his end of times
too.”

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 AQAID
(BELIEFS)

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18
 ONENESS (TAWHEED)
Every human thinks about God, be it that he is young or old, lives in a
city or village, is educated or not. He can think more or less
depending on his worldly commitment but everyone has the feeling
of finding God. Let us see why human searches for God and why he
feels the need of God?

1) CREATIONS:
We all have the interest of knowing and finding out more and more about this huge
universe:
 The high sky with beautiful stars
 The land with beautiful sceneries
 These colorful creations, beautiful birds, different types of fish, flowers, trees, etc
Thus, everything around us, invites us to think as where this all came from? Just like when we
see a beautiful picture, house, poem etc and ask people about its creator; by looking at the
creations of universe, we think as who has created them?

2) CUROSITY:
The curiosity inside us forces us to think that who are we? From where did we come?
Where are we off to? Why did we come?
E.g. someone gets injured in a car accident and gets unconscious. When he is taken to
the hospital and he regains consciousness, the first things that he will ask is; which place
is this? Why have I been brought here? When will I go back from here?
So, thinking about one’s self also pushes one to search for God

3) THANKFULNESS:
Supposedly, you are invited for a feast and extensive arrangements have been done for
you. You don’t know the host as you have been invited because of your brother. But you
will try to find out about the host; e.g. who is the host who gave me flowers, arranged
for delicious food, gave me respect, arranged for servants that everybody was busy
serving me.
Similarly we see that Allah SWT has created fruits, vegetables, fish, animal in this world
that we use as food. Then He created water so we can satiate our thirst, air so we can
breathe, the stars, sun and the moon for light and heat. Thus, it seems like everything is

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 for us. After getting so many bounties and advices, one is forced to think as who has
sent all these bounties for me?

4) BENEFITS AND LOSS:

After getting all the blessings, sometimes it happens that one gets stuck in a problem
and is unable to come out of it despite all efforts. At this point, eventually he calls on
Allah SWT.
A man came to our sixth Imam (a.s.) and said, “I cannot find any argument to accept
God’s existence. Can you prove it” Imam (a.s.) replied, “has it ever happened to you that
your ship/boat may have got stuck in a typhoon in the sea and there was nobody to save
you? And there was a ray of hope in your heart” he replied, “Yes, a ray of hope is there.”
Imam (a.s.) replied, “that ray of hope is God”
Allah SWT says in the holy Quran:
“Then when they embark on boat they call upon Allah having exclusive faith upon
Him. But when He brings them safe to the land, henceforth they begin to associate.
(Surah-e-Ankabut: Ayat 65)
So, if you ponder over yourself and on the ones around you and search for God and are
curious for doing good, then God likes you.
TRANSLATION: “Who listen to speech and follow the best of it. Those are the ones
Allah has guided, and those are people of understanding.”
(Surah-e-Zumar: Ayat 18)

PROJECT
DO YOU HAVE ANY REASON IN MIND THAT YOU CAN GIVE AS
AN ARGUMENT OF ONENESS OF ALLAH SWT

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 JUSTICE (AD’AL)
There are many traits in Allah SWT, but we count Justice in
Principles of religion (Usool-e-deen). There are many reasons
for it:
1) Many traits of Allah SWT are because of Justice. E.g.
Qadir, Hakeem, Rehman, Raheem, Raziq. If we deny the
justice of Allah SWT then these traits will automatically
perish.
2) The other principles in the Principles of religion (Usool-e-deen) are also because of
Justice.
E.g. sending Messengers to propagate the message of Allah SWT. Deciding Imams (a.s.)
for the protection of religion. Day of Judgement so the good people can be rewarded
and evil should be punished
3) The other sects of Islam do not believe in Justice. So to keep our sect separate, it was
necessary to include Justice in the Principles of religion (Usool-e-deen)

TYPES OF JUSTICE:
The Justice of Allah SWT can be divided in two parts.
1) General Justice (Amomee Adal):
This means to keep everything in its specific place. Everything in the universe is in its
designed place. Had it not been so, the universe would have destroyed.
The Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H.) said,
“It is because of Justice that the sky and earth are stable”
E.g. according to scientific facts, it is the equivalence of the Centripetal Force and the
Centrifugal force that the earth is revolving in its orbit around the sun. If it is not so, it
can derail from its orbit, hit some other planet and destroy.

2) Special Justice (Khusoosi Adal):

Justice amongst people. E.g.to place every person as per their abilities and capacity, for
instance to give respect to scholar (Aalim) and to condemn the ignorant, to count a
truthful as good and liar as bad, to consider only those as Prophets and Imam who are
designated by Allah SWT.

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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN JUSTICE AND EQUALITY:

People generally consider Justice and Equality as the same, though both of are different.
Let us see the difference between them with the help of some examples.

1) If a teacher gives equal marks to all students in the exam, this would be equality.
However, if he gives the marks as per the individual knowledge and ability, its
termed as Justice.
2) If all the employees of a company get equal salary then this is equality. However, if
the salaries are given as per their work and abilities, it is Justice.
3) If a whale’s heart is the size of a sparrow, its equality and if it is bigger than that then
it is Justice.
4) If the roots of a big tree are of the same size as that of a small tree then its Equality.
However, if the roots are big of the big tree then it is Justice.
Therefore, at certain place equality is important. For example, in a legal case it is
important to give importance to both parties until the offender is identified. Similarly
the equal distribution of the spoils of war amongst the participants of the battle. So as
per the requirement of the situation, sometime Justice is needed and at other times
Equality.

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 MIRACLE
An unusual task by a Prophet that cannot be done by a normal person.

EXPLANATION:
There are two ways of identification or verification of a Prophet:
 The teachings of a Prophet
 The miracles of a Prophet
Those people who use their intellect and wisdom more,
rely on the first method. The ignorant generally use the
second method. As the Prophet is sent for everyone so he
proves his Prophet hood as per the person’s intellect.

CONDITIONS:
The following properties should be present in the miracle or in the person who performs a
miracle:
1. A task which is possible and is popular.
2. A normal person is not capable of doing it.
3. The person performing the miracle is so satisfied with his task that he can invite others
for competition.
4. No person is able to do the (same) miracle, no matter how strong or capable he is.
5. It is essential that the miracle is for the proclamation of Prophet hood or Imamat. Any
unusual task done by a high ranked good person, besides Prophets and A’imah is
classified as “karamat”
6. A miracle happens is actual whereas a magic is only an optical illusion.
7. Miracle can happen anywhere, but magic is not like this. For example: miracles can
happen in the sky too (e.g. the breaking of moon) but magic cannot happen in the sky.

EXAMPLES:
 Hazrat Daud (a.s.) used to soften the iron like wax, by taking it in his hands.
 Hazrat Musa’s (a.s.) cane used to convert into a snake as he used to throw it on the
ground.
 Hazrat Issa (a.s.) used to treat the incurable patients of leprosy, by touching them.
 Hazrat Muhammad (a.s.) used to call the trees. He also sliced the moon into two pieces.

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THE HOLY QURAN AS A MIRACLE:
 The biggest miracle of Hazrat Muhammad (a.s.) was the Holy Quran, which is even
present today. This holy book is unchanged till today.
“We have revealed it and We will protect it “(Surah-e-Hujr: Ayat 9)
 Every verse of the Holy Quran has multiple meanings.
 The Holy Quran is the book which is memorized the most.
 Nobody can write a book like the Holy Quran, no matter how capable he is.
 “Say, "Then bring ten surahs like it that have been invented and call upon [for assistance]
whomever you can besides Allah, if you should be truthful." (Surah-e-Hud: Ayat 13)

PROJECT
WRITE SOME MIRACLES OF THE
HOLY PROPHET (P.B.U.H.)

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 SWIPING THE FEET IN ABLUTION (Wudu)
In the Shiite school of thought, the feet are swiped in ablution, where as in non-Shiite schools,
the feet are washed. This feet swiping is proved from the Holy Quran and Sunnah.

THE HOLY QURAN:

‫وس ُ ُْك َو َأ ْر ُجلَ ُ ُْك إ ََل إلْ َك ْع َب ْ ِي‬
ِ ‫َُك َو َأيْ ِديَ ُ ُْك إ ََل إلْ َم َرإ ِف ِق َوإ ْم َس ُحوإ ِب ُر ُء‬
ْ ُ ‫فَاغْ ِسلُوإ ُو ُجوه‬
ِ ِ
TRANSLATION: “Wash your face and your hands upto (and including)
the elbows, and wipe (a part of) your heads, and (a part of) your feet to the ankles”
(Surah-e-Mayda: Ayat 6)

In this verse the order of swiping the feet is clearly given. The word “Wamsaho” "‫ "واوحسم‬in
itself justifies swiping.
Fakhruddin Razi, the famous mufasir-e-Quran of Ahl-e-Sunnat, writes in his book “Tafseer
kabeer” that Ibn-e-Abbas and Anas Bin Malik agreed to swiping feet.

AHADITH:
It should be clear here, that Hadith refers to the quotation and the practice of the Hoy Prophet
(P.B.U.H.). if someone narrates the quotation of the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H.) it will be called as
“Qauli Hadith”. And if one narrates the practical act of the Hoy Prophet (P.B.U.H.), it will be
called as “Faylee Hadith”. Some examples are:
1) Sahih Bukhari quotes:
“No one’s Namaz will be complete, unless they do the Wudu as per the order of Allah
SWT; thus should wash his face and hands till elbows and swipe his head and both feet
till ankles”
2) In the ahadith book of Ahl-e-Sunnat, “Kanz-ul-amal” and “Masnad Imam Ahmed”, the
order of swiping feet is written.

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 KEEPING THE HANDS OPEN IN NAMAZ
The Shiite school keeps the hands open during Qayam in Namaz. The other
schools, however, offer Namaz with closed hands. Many arguments can be
given for this difference.

DICTIONARY:
The word “Qayam” means “to be straight”, “to remove indirectness” “to
maintain” etc. Islam is a natural religion. So when we ask someone to stand
straight, then that person stands straight without closing the hands, which is a natural way.

THE HOLY QURAN:

Though there is no clear way written in the Holy Quran of opening or closing hands in Namaz.
However, there are certain verses that indicate towards opening hands. For example: In Surah-
e-Nur, Allah SWT mentions the creations’ opening of hands for doing Tasbeehat.
“Do you not see that all those who are in the heavens and the earth, and the birds with
their wings outspread (in their flight) celebrate the glory of Allah SWT? Each one knows its
own (mode of) prayer and praise..” (Surah-e-Nur: Ayat 41)

NARRATIONS:
 According to Imam Malik “the order is for opening hands, but
closing hands is also permitted, because the Holy Prophet
(P.B.U.H.) used to pray with open hands and his companions too.
To the extent that the blood used to collect in finger tips because of
constantly hanging”
(Rozat-ul-nadya)
 As per a narration, when Abdullah bin zubair used to pray Namaz, he used to leave his
hands open.

INTELLECTUAL ARGUMENTS:
 Enclosing hands is generally used in a negative meaning.
ex: in idioms in Urdu language, “keeping hands on hands” is used in terms of being lazy.
 Similarly “tied hands” is used for economical constraint and hardship. It is also
mentioned in the Holy Quran.
“And the Jews say that God’s hand is tied up. Their hands are tied up. And because of
this saying of them, there is curse on them. Infact His hands are open, He spends as He
Wants” (The Holy Quran)

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 THE HOLY PROPHET (P.B.U.H.)…
THE LAST OF ALL PROPHETS
As Muslims, it is our belief that the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H.) is the last
Prophet and there is no Prophet after him. This is a component of
Islam and is included in Usool-e-deen.
So, the one who does not believe in this is not considered as a
Muslim. There are many arguments given for the finality of Prophet
hood. Some of them are given below:

THE HOLY QURAN:

“Muhammad (SAW) is not the father of any man among you, but he is the Messenger of Allah
and the last (end) of the Prophets. And Allah is Ever All Aware of everything”

(Surah-al-Ahzab: Ayat 40)

The actual of “Khatim” is “Khatum”, which means “one who ends” and the thing through which
some task is ended. For example: the stamp used in the end of the letter is also called “Khatim” In
older times, instead of name stamps, stones were also used. Each stone had a different design or
a name engraved on it. This was used at the end of the letter so as to find out as which person has
written it.

NARRATIONS:
1) Tafseer mujma-al-bahrain has a hadith of the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H.), which is narrated
from Hazrat Jabir bin Abdullah Ansari:

“My example amongst the Prophets is like as if a person has constructed a beautiful
palace, but has left a space of a brick. Due to this, anyone who sees this palace, he is
forced to say that what a beautiful palace, but one brick’s space is left. I am that last
brick and the series of Prophets end on me”

2) Imam Jaffer Sadiq (a.s.) said, “The permissible (Halal) of Muhammad (s.a.) will stay Halal
till the Day of Judgment and the forbidden (Haram) of Muhammad (s.a.) will stay
forbidden till the Day of Judgment. (Usool-e-Kafi)

27
 3) Once the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H.) told Hazrat Ali (a.s.) that, “You have the same relation
to me that Hazrat Haroon (a.s.) had with Hazrat Musa (a.s.); but that after me the
succession of Prophet hood will end.”

QUESTIONS:

Q) Some people say that had there been a Prophet today, it would have been better, to
resolve the latest problems of today?

A) A person who has done Phd, he cannot go to school or college further, because he has
enough knowledge to solve every issue through that information. Then even if a need comes,
he has the ability to resolve it through reading a book. Similar is the example of Muslims of
Ummah of Muhammad (s.a.); who can benefit from the treasure of knowledge of the Holy
Quran and Sunnah to resolve matters. Thus, there is no need of a Prophet till the Day of
Judgement. To resolve issues, Imam (a.s.) and in the absence of Imam (a.s.), Mujtahids are
sufficient.

28
 FIQH
(SHARIAH LAW)
29
30
 THE OBJECTION ON TAQLEED AND ITS REPLY
FIRST OBJECTION:
Some people use the following verse of the Holy Quran as a reason for rejecting Taqleed

‫إَّنا َو َج ْدَّنَ أ ََب َءَّنَ عَلَ ٰىأُ ام ٍة َوإَّنا عَلَ ٰىأ ََث ِر ِِه ُّم ْق َتدُ َون‬
TRANSLATION: "Indeed, we found our fathers upon a religion, and we are,ِ in their footsteps,
ِ
following." (Surah-e-Zakhruf: Ayat 23)

ANSWER OF THE ARGUMENT:

 With reference to context, this verse was revealed specifically in rejection of the false
beliefs of the infidels, so it cannot be applied on the believers.

SECOND OBJECTION:
Some people raise objection on the example of a doctor when given in context of Taqleed. It is
said that there is difference between doctor and Mujtahid. We can change the doctor during
treatment, however the Taqleed of a Mujtahid cannot be changed throughout.
ANSWER OF THE ARGUMENT:
If a world’s great doctor is treating correctly and we consult another doctor, then every
sensible person will criticize us. Thus, until a doctor treats correctly and is not careless, then
leaving the doctor is not a wise choice.
Thus, similarly if there is no Mujtahid more competent than the current one, or until the
justice of Mujtahid or a pre-requisite of a Mujtahid does not end; we cannot change the
Mujtahid. Thus, the example of a doctor is used to explain this angle of a Mujtahid. It is not
necessary for an example to fit from all ends.

31
 RULING ON TAHARAT
The types of water have been discussed earlier. Here some rulings pertaining to some types of
water shall be discussed.

1) MUZAF WATER:
 Muzaf water does not purify any impure (Najis) thing. It is void (Batil) to
do Ghusl and Wudu with this water.
 If the quantity of Muzaf water is equivalent to a Kur also, a drop of dirt
(Najasat) in it will make it Najis.
 However, if this water falls forcefully on dirt (najasat) then the portion that touched the
Najis thing will be Najis and the portion which did not touch the Najis will stay clean
(Pak)

The types of Mutlaq water and its related rulings are given below:
1) KURR WATER:
 Water, which fills a container which is equal to a Kurr. Based on this, the volume of
water will be 42.875 cubic span, though 36 cubic span is enough
 If the smell, colour, or taste of Kurr water changes owing to something else, which is
not najis, it does not become najis.
 If an essential najasat like blood etc. reaches water which is more than a Kurr, and
changes the smell, colour, or taste of a part of it, if the unchanged part is less than a
Kurr, the entire water becomes najis. But if the unchanged part is one Kurr or more,
then only that part which has changed will be najis.

2) UNDER-KURR (QALEEL) WATER:

 Under-Kurr water means water which does not spring forth from the
earth, and its quantity is less than a Kurr.
 If such water is poured with force on a najis object, only that part which
contacts it will be najis, and the water which has not reached the najis
object, will be Pak.
 Under-Kurr water which is poured over a najis object to remove the essential najasat
will be najis, as it flows after the contact.

32
 3) RUNNING WATER:
 Running water is that water which springs forth from the earth and then flows, like the
water of a spring or a canal.
 If najasat reaches the running water, only that part of the water will
be najis whose smell, colour, or taste changes on account of it
 The end which is connected with the spring will be Pak even if it may
be less than a Kurr.

4) RAIN WATER:
 A najis thing becomes Pak if rain water falls on it once, provided that it
does not contain an essential najasat
 In the cases of clothes and body which have become najis because of
urine, for they become Pak after being washed twice, as per precaution. And in objects
like carpets and dress, it is not necessary to squeeze.
 By rain is meant a sufficient downpour, and not scanty shower or droplets.

5) WELL WATER:
 If a najasat falls into well water and changes its smell, colour, or taste, it
will become Pak as soon as the change in its smell etc. vanishes.
 On the basis of obligatory precaution, it is better to wait till it is mixed
with the fresh water springing from the earth.

33
 HALAL FLESH ANIMALS

THE IDENTIFICATION OF HALAL BIRDS:

a) Those who stay more active and flap their wings more when flying
b) The bird whose both sides of the egg are not identical

WHO WALK ON LAND FLYING BIRDS UNDER WATER ANIMALS

Cow Pigeon All fishes with scale
Goat Sparrow Prawns
Camel Francolin (teetar) Ducks
Chicken Quail (Batair)
Sheep Dove (fakhta)
Myna

34
 NON-HALAL FLESH ANIMALS

THE IDENTIFICATION OF NON-HALAL FLESH BIRDS:

a) Those who stay more inactive and flap their wings less when flying
b) The bird whose both sides of the egg are identical

WHO WALK ON LAND FLYING BIRDS UNDER WATER ANIMALS

Rabbit Parrot Fishes without scales
(except a few)
Pig Crow Crab
Cat Eagle Frog
Dog Falcon
Squirrel All insects
Monkey

35
 HARAM AND HALAAL ORGANS OF A
SLAUGHTERED ANIMAL

HALAL ORGANS HARAM ORGANS

Liver Blood
Brain Spleen
Heart Bile
Tongue Testicles
Lungs Eyeballs
Kidney Excretion
Skin Marrow of bones which is in spinal cord
Intestine Glands
Pineal Gland
The veins which are on both sides of the
spinal cord.

PRE-REQUISITES OF SLAUGHTER
CONDITIONS OF SLAUGHTERING:
1) The butcher should be a Muslim, be it a man or a woman. A Muslim child who is
mature i.e. differentiates between good and bad, can also be a slaughterer
2) The animal should be slaughtered with a weapon made of iron.
3) When an animal is slaughtered, it should be facing Qibla. And if it is lying on its right
or left side, then its neck and stomach should be facing Qibla. It is not necessary that
its legs, hands and face be towards Qibla. As a recommended precaution, the person
slaughtering should also face Qibla.
4) When a person wants to slaughter an animal, just as he makes the Niyyat to
slaughter, he should utter the name of Allah, and it suffices if he says 'Bismillah' only,
or if he utters 'Allah'.
5) The animal should show some movement after being slaughtered; at least it should
move its eyes or tail or strike its foot on the ground.
36
 6) It is necessary that the blood should flow in normal quantity from the slaughtered
animal.
7) The animal’s neck should be cut from its front, and the knife should be used from the
back of the neck.

METHOD OF SLAUGHTERING:
 The big veins of the animal’s neck should be cut
completely: a) the wind pipe b) the food track c) two
thick veins d) The veins that are on both the sides of
the wind pipe. They are cut from the knot of the neck
in a way that they separate.
 For a camel, sharp implement made of iron is thrust
into the hollow between its neck and chest. Its
obligatory to Nehar a camel instead of slaughtering

COMMON MISTAKES OF SLAUGHTERING:

 To get an animal slaughtered by a Non-Muslim book follower, or a Non-Muslim non-
book follower. For example, by a Christian butcher
 Using a steel knife
 Cutting some veins out of the 4 veins and ten waiting for the animal to die.
 Not facing the Qibla intentionally.
 Not taking Allah’s SWT name while slaughtering.
 In case of incorrect slaughtering, the animal has the ruling of dead and is forbidden
(Haram). The body of animal is also Najis.

37
 GHUSL-E-IRTIMASI
Ghusl is of two types:
1) Ghusl-e-tarteebe
2) Ghusl-e-Irtimasi (by submerging the entire body in water)

Irtimasi Ghusl can be done in two ways:

a) Instant Ghusl-e-Irtimasi (Dafaye)
b) Gradual Ghusl-e-Irtimasi (Tadreeje)

a) Instant Ghusl-e-Irtimasi (Dafaye)

 If the Ghusl of Irtimasi is to be done at one instance, then water must reach all
parts of the body at one time. However, it is not necessary that the whole body
be submerged in water from the very beginning of Ghusl.
 If a part of the body is outside, and is later submerged with the niyyat of Ghusl,
it will be deemed in order.
b) Gradual Ghusl-e-Irtimasi(Tadreeje)
 If one wishes to perform Irtimasi Ghusl gradually, then it is necessary that the
whole body is out of water before Ghusl commences.
 Then one would submerge one's body gradually in water with the intention of
Ghusl.
NOTE:
 If after performing Ghusl Irtimasi it becomes known that water has not reached some
part of the body one should repeat the Ghusl, whether the part up to which water
has not reached is determined or not.
 If one does not have sufficient time for Tartibi, one should perform Ghusl by way of
Irtimasi.

 A person who has put on Ihram for Hajj and Umrah is not allowed to perform Ghusl
by way of Irtimasi. However, if one performs it forgetfully the Ghusl will be valid.

38
 MASAIL-E-NAMAZ (1)
DECIDING THE DIRECTION OF QIBLA:
The place of Holy Ka’aba in Mecca is our Qibla, so it is necessary to
stand in front of it and offer Namaz. In case of being distant, we
should stand in its direction and pray. To attain the direction of Qibla,
following methods can be used:
 Efforts should be made to determine the direction of Qibla so
one can be sure or have a feeling of being sure. For example:
taking witness of two just people. If this is not possible then it is
necessary that:
 Idea should be taken from the Mehrab of a Muslim mosque or from the direction of
the graves of Momineen. Once this idea is taken then it should be implemented
accordingly.
 The use of scientific laws to derive the Qibla direction is also sufficient; even if this
idea is achieved through the saying of an infidel or Fasiq who knows the direction
through scientific laws.

THE MASAIL OF AZAAN AND IQAMAH:

 It is recommended to say Azaan and Iqamah before obligatory prayers. If there is
more than usual distance between Azaan and Iqamah then it is
necessary to say them again.
 If Azaan and Iqamah have been called for Jamaat Namaz, then
the person offering prayers in the same Jamaat, needs to read
Azaan and Iqamah again
 If someone is listening to an Azaan which is being called for
someone else’s prayers, then it is recommended that the part
he hears, he should repeat it slowly also.
 If a person’s place for Namaz and Jamaat Namaz is not the
same; for example, the Azaan is in the mosque and he is
offering Namaz in the house, then it is recommended that he
should recite Azaan and Iqamah for his Namaz.
 It is recommended that during the period between Azaan and
Iqamah, one should move a step forward, or sit for a while or do Sajdah or read some
Zikr or dua.
39
NIYYAT AND TAKBEER-AT-UL-AHRAM:
1) Making the intention (Niyyat) of Namaz in the heart is also sufficient or should say for

instance, “I pray two Rakat Fajr Namaz, Qurbatan-ill-Allah ‫رقۃبایلاہلل‬

2) If a person makes a Niyyat in Zuhar or Asar Namaz that he is offering four Rakats but
does not decide if it is of Zuhat or Asar, then his Namaz is invalid.
3) It is obligatory to say Allah-o-Akber in the beginning of the Namaz and is counted as a
Rukn. It is necessary to say these two words in correct Arabic language.
4) It is recommended to take the hands up to the ears while reciting the first Takbeer i.e.
Takbeer-at-ul-ahram, and the other Takbeers in the mid of Namaz.
5) It is obligatory to stand for a while before and after reciting Takbeer-at-ul-ahram, so
one is sure that Takbeer-at-ul-ahram was read in a state of Qayam.

40
 MASAIL-E-NAMAZ (2)
THE MASAIL OF AZAAN AND IQAMAH:
1) When a person is reciting an obligatory or recommended zikr during
Namaz, it is necessary that his body should stay motionless. So if one
wants to move a bit, then it is necessary for him to stop the Zikr and stay
silent at that time.
2) Until a person can offer Namaz while standing, it is necessary that he
should not sit and pray.
3) In the state of Qayam it is recommended to keep the body straight,
bend the shoulders down loosely, keep the hands on thighs and keep
the fingers joined.
4) While offering Namaz, it is recommended for the person offering it to keep his eyes
on the place of prostration and to keep the body weight evenly on both the legs. The
feet should be aligned together and should not be one ahead of the other. A man can
keep a distance from three spread out fingers to a span. However, a woman has to
keep her feet joined.
5) If a man intentionally recites a Surah before Alhamd, then his Namaz is invalid.

THERE ARE FOUR TYPES OF QAYAM: 2 RUKUNS AND 2 NON-

RUKUNS
i) QAYAM-E-RUKNI:
These include the Qayam done while reciting Takbeer-at-ul-ahram and the one done
before going in the Ruku.
THE RULING ABOUT QAYAM-E-RUKNI:
If one intentionally or unintentionally/forgetfully leaves Qayam-e-Rukni, the Namaz is
invalid.

ii) QAYAM-E-GHAIR RUKNI:

It includes the Qayam done at the time of recitation of Surah-e-Alhamd, Surah or
Tasbeehat-e-Arba and the one done after the Ruku.

41
 THE RULING ABOUT QAYAM-E-GHAIR RUKNI:
If Qayam-e-Ghair Rukni is left intentionally then Namaz is invalid. However, if it is left
by mistake, then Namaz is valid.

6) If a person forgets to perform Ruku and bends for Sajdah after Surah-e-Alhamd and
Surah, or he sits for the Sajdah and then remembers that he has missed the Ruku;
then it is necessary for him to stand up and should perform Qayam followed by Ruku.
If he does not stand straight for Qayam and does Ruku in a bending state, then its
insufficient as this is not Qayam-ba-mutasil-Ruku (Qayam followed by Ruku)

7) There is no harm in moving fingers while reciting Surah-e-Alhamd and other Surah.
However, on the basis of recommended precaution, they should not be moved too.

8) Until a person can offer Namaz while standing, it is necessary that he should not sit
and pray. For example: if someone’s body moves while standing, or is forced to rest it
against something, or to take some support, or to tilt the body slightly, then it is
important to stand and pray. However, if there is no way that one can stand then it is
important to sit straight and pray. One cannot sit and pray only because of being
tired.

9) A zikr recited with a moving body is not correct. For example: The zikr in Ruku, during
Sajdah, or saying Takbeer while going in Sajdah. It is necessary to repeat the Zikr after
keeping the body motionless. If one unintentionally recites obligatory Zikr of Ruku
while being in motion, then the Namaz is valid. However, it is better to repeat the Zikr
once the body is motionless.

10) It is necessary to recite ِ‫ بِحِوِلِِللاِِوِِقِوِتِہِاِقِوِمِِوِاِقِعِد‬while one is about to stand.

This is the only Zikr which has to be recited when the body is in motion and not static.

THE MASAIL OF QIRAT:

1) It is important that in the daily obligatory Namaz, one should recite Surah-alhamd and
another Surah in the first and the second Rakat. It should be noted that Surah-e-Alam
Nashrah and Surah-al-Duha are counted as one one Surah in Namaz. Similarly Surah-
e-Feal and Surah-e-Quraish are counted as one Surah
2) If there is less time remaining for Namaz and it is about to be Qaza, then it is
important that no Surah should be recited after Surah-e-Alhamd.
42
3) A woman can recite Surah-e-alhamd and Surah loudly or softly in the Fajar, Maghrib
and Isha Namaz. But if a na-mehram is listening to her, then she should recite on a
lower tone.
4) If a person intentionally recites the Namaz loudly where it has to be softly or softly
where it has to be loudly, then his Namaz is invalid. But if he does so unintentionally
or because he is unaware of the Ruling then his Namaz is valid. Similarly while reciting
Surah Alhamd or the Surah, if he realizes his mistake, then it is not necessary for him
to repeat the part that he has read earlier. In case of being unaware of the ruling, all
the previous Namaz would be deemed correct.
5) If a person considers the word that he has learned as correct and recites it so in the
Namaz; if he later finds out that he has recited it incorrectly, then it is not necessary
for him to repeat the Namaz.
6) No zikr of Namaz can be recited in heart. It has to be said verbally. The tongue should
be moved and the voice of zikr should be audible.

43
 RECOMMENDED ACTS OF FRIDAY
Friday is considered as the head of all days. The good done on this day is multiplied twice
and the bad deeds are also swelled to two. The night of Thursday and the day of Friday has
a lot of benefits. We should try to do as many good actions as possible and take as much
reward (sawab) as possible)

AA’MAL OF THURSDAY NIGHT:

 Cutting hair and nails (it is better to cut nails on Friday)
 To visit the graves of Momineen
 Reciting Durood.
 Reciting Duas
 Praying recommended and Qaza Namaz.

AA’MAL OF FRIDAY:
 The day of Friday should be spent less on worldly affairs and more in Ebadat
 Cutting hair and nails
 Giving gifts to family and Momineen.
 Reciting Salwat on Friday is highly rewarding.
 Giving charity
 Doing the Friday Ghusl

FRIDAY GHUSL:
 Imam Jaffer Sadiq (a.s.) said, “The Friday Ghusl is an expiation (Kaffara) of sins from
one Friday to the other and purifies the evident (Zahir) and inner (Batin)”
 The time for Friday Ghusl is from morning Azan to sunset. It is better that Ghusl
should be done around Zuhar. If a person does not perform it till Zuhar then it is
better to do it till the sunset without the niyyat of Qaza or the niyyat of performing it.
 If one cannot do the Ghusl on Friday then it is recommended to do it on Saturday
from morning till sunset. A person who knows that he shall have no water on Friday,
should do it on Thursday or Thursday night with the intention of Rija.
 It is recommended to read the following dua while doing the Friday Ghusl:

ِ‫ن ِمِحِ َِمدِ ِعِبِدِہِ ِوِ ِرِسِوِلِہِاِِلَلھِ َِم‬

َِ ِ‫ل ِللاِ ِوِحِدِہِ ِِلِ ِشِرِیِکِ ِلِہِوِ ِاِشِھِدِ ِا‬ ِ َ ِ‫" ِاِشِھِدِ ِاِنِ ِلِ ِاِلِہِ ِا‬
"ِ‫نِالِتَ َِوابِیِنِِوِِاجِعِلِنِیِِمِنِِالِمِتِطِہِرِیِن‬َِ ِ‫صِلِیِعِلِیِمِحِ َِمدِِ َِوآلِِمِحِ َِمدِوِاجِعِلِنِیِِم‬
44
 KHUMS
َ َ‫يل‬ ِ ِ‫ولَولِ ِذيَالْ ُقرَ َٰبَوالَْيتَ َام ٰىَوالْمساك‬
ِ ِ‫نيَوابْ ِنَال مسب‬ ِ ‫نَشي ٍءَفَأَ منَلِلم ِـهَ ُُخُس َهَولِلمرس‬
ُ
ُ َ َ ِّ ُ‫و ْاعَلمواَأَمَّنَاَ َغنِ ْمت‬
َ ‫مَم‬
َ ََ َ َ ْ َ ْ ُ َ
TRANSLATION: And know that whatever thing you gain, a fifth of it is for Allah and for the
Messenger and for the near of kin and the orphans and the needy and the wayfarer, if you
believe in Allah and in that which We revealed to Our servant, on the day of distinction,
the day on which the two parties met; and Allah has power over all things. (Surah-e-Anfal:
Ayat 41)

DEFINITON OF KHUMS:

“Everything that belongs to a person and has not been used till the determined date, then
taking out the fifth portion i.e. 20% of it, and giving it to the Mujtahid or the representative
(Wakeel) of the Mujtahid is called Khums.

(If the Khums is not paid on the due date, then one has to pay 24%)

KHUMS IS MANDATORY ON SEVEN THINGS:

1) The profit or the surplus of the income.

2) The legitimate wealth which is mixed with some
illegitimate wealth.
3) Mines and minerals.
4) The precious stones obtained from sea by diving.
5) Treasures
6) The land which a dhimmi kafir buys from a Muslim.
7) The spoils of war.
 THE POSSESSIONS ON WHICH KHUMS HAS BEEN PAID ONCE ARE CALLED
“MUKHUMS” AND ONE NEEDS NOT TO PAY KHUMS ON IT AGAIN

THINGS WHICH ARE EXEMPTED FROM KHUMS:

Certain things are exempted from Khums, for example:

1) Gifts: Only for the followers of Ayatullah Khamenei and Khumaini. For the followers of
Ayatullah Seestani and Khui, khums is wajib on unused gifts.

45
 2) Mahr (Dower): Amount fixed as Mahr in marriage and received by wife from her
husband
3) Khula Money: Amount paid by wife to husband when she wants to get a divorce from
husband even when husband is performing all his wajib duties.
4) Expected inheritance
5) The books, medicines, or other things which are essentials but stayed unused by
chance.

PARTS OF KHUMS:
 There are two parts of Khums: a) Sehm-e-Imam b) Sehme-e-Sadaat
 Once the Khums becomes Wajib, it is not allowed to delay Sehm-e-Imam for more
than a day (24 hours)

WHO SHOULD BE GIVEN KHUMS:

 Khums should be given to the Mujtahid that one is following
(Under Taqleed)
 After the permission of the Mujtahid, one who is given Sehm-e-Sadaat should have
the following pre-requisites
1. Should be syed
2. Should be faqeer-e-Shari’i
3. Should be Shia believer of twelve Imams
4. Should not sin openly (for example: should not be bay-namazi, should not be
clean shave, woman should not be without hijab etc)

KHUMS ON DAILY USAGE THINGS:

 It is obligatory (Wajib) to pay Khums on the things of daily use that were not used till
the date of Khums. If they were used before the date of Khums payment, then it is
not obligatory to pay Khums. These things include, daily wear clothes, house stuff e.g.
lentils, rice, Masala packets, utensils, Sajdah-gah, tasbeehat, prayer mats, toys,
watches, electronics etc.
 Khums is also Wajib on gold and silver jewelry if it stays unused till the decided Khums
date.

KHUMS ON THINGS THAT ARE UNDER USE OF A PERSON:

 It is not obligatory (Wajib) to pay Khums on the things which are currently under use,
[for instance, creams, perfumes, body sprays, make up etc] and are still remaining
though they may have a market value too.


46
 MASAIL-E-ROZA
 If the person who is fasting, vomits intentionally, even if he is forced to do so because
of his illness, the fast becomes invalid
 If a person vomits, unintentionally or without choice, then his Fast is valid.
 If one feels that he will vomit, then it is not necessary to stop it and
the fast is also not invalid (Batil) in this case.
 If a person who is fasting burps and something comes in his throat
or mouth, then it is necessary to spit that. If it goes unintentionally
in his stomach, then the Fats is valid.
 If the mouth waters because of a thought, then swallowing this water will not make
the Fast invalid.(Like the famous idiom: “thinking of my favourite dish watered my
mouth)
 According to Ayatollah Sistani, phlegm can be swallowed, even if it has come in the
mouth.
 According to Ayatollah Khamenai, use of inhaler does not invalidate the Fast.
However for injections used for strength, he has used the term Obligatory precaution
in his Fatwa. The Fast can stay valid in case of consultation (Rujo)
 Tasting the flavor of food, doing such work in which generally the food does not reach
the throat and accidentally reaches the throat, then the Fast is valid.
 Using the curse words, gossiping, lying, listening to songs are all major sins (Gunah-e-
Kabeera) and have major spiritual impact on the Fast. However, they don’t invalidate
the Fast.
 It should be clear that “dust” is any form of mud or earth. Similarly smoke be it
emitting from fire or a car is called as “fume”. In Arabic something thick is called

47
 “Ghaleez” and something light is called “Lateef”. Thus, thick smoke is called “Ghubar
Ghaleez” and light smoke is called “Ghubar Lateef”
 The meaning of “dust and fumes reaching the throat” is that one should not
intentionally go near such situations that thick dust or thin fumes should reach his
throat.
 Light dust and light smoke does not invalidate the Fast. For example: passing near by
a sweeping broom, take steam, the light fumes of a body spray, the smoke of passing
cars that get light by the time they reach you.
 One should be careful with the smoke of cigarettes and tobacco, as not to let it reach
the throat.
 It is not necessary to wear a mask or handkerchief for stopping the breath or smoke
as they will be for stopping dust and fumes. So if dust and fumes still reach, the Fast is
valid.
 It is necessary to be precautious with dust and fumes during storm and typhoon. If
one is not careful then the Fast is invalid on the basis of obligatory precaution.

48
 ETHICS
(AKHLAQIYAT)
49
50
 ANGER
It is not permissible to get angry for no reason. A person loses his senses in a state of anger
and is unable to control himself. Thus he ends up doing things that he does not want to do.
Anger has been strictly condemned in the Holy Quran and Ahadith.

THE HOLY QURAN:

The Holy Quran counts controlling anger as a trait of good people.
TRANSLATION: “….and who restrain anger and who pardon the people …”
(Surah-e-Al-e-Imran: Ayat 134)

NARRATIONS:
 “Anger is the root of every disturbance”
(The Holy Prophet P.B.U.H.)
 “Anger starts at insanity and ends at embarrassment”
(Hazrat Ali a.s.)
 “The worst person is the one who gets angry quickly and
settles late” (The Holy Prophet P.B.U.H.)
 “Anger is Satan and Satan is made from fire.”
(The Holy Prophet P.B.U.H.)

STORY:
The Holy Prophet P.B.U.H. has counted Hazrat Salman Farsi (r.a.) specifically in his Ahl-e-
bait. He was a model of humbleness and modesty. He was the Governor of Madayn but
never got angry in that time also. At times people took advantage of his modesty but he still
treated them nicely.
Once while he was the Governor of Madayn, a hypocrite said to him, O Salman, isn’t the tail
of dog better than your white beard?” He replied very calmly, “If I on the Day of Judgment,
pass safely and peacefully on the bridge of Siraat then my beard is better, and if I fall then
the dog’s tail is better”

51
TREATMENT AND CURE:
First and foremost one should not get angry, and if one does then he should get rid of it. If
one gets angry, he should follow the suggestions given below:

 Should read ‫ٰ نارلمیج‬

‫اوعذابہللنماشیط‬

 Should repeatedly say ‫الوحلوالوقۃاالابہلل‬

 Should sit if standing and should lay down if sitting.
 Should perform ablution (Wudhu) or drink water.
 Should start any Zikr
 Should move from the place where such angry talk is taking place
 Should make a habit of forgiving. Should think that how many mistakes and sins he
does in a day, what if Allah SWT gets upset and reprimands me on it, what shall be my
fate?

DEMONSTRATE
PRACTICALLY THE WAYS
TO CONTROL ANGER

52
 DISADVANTAGES OF MUSIC
 Listening to the music is forbidden. It is one of the major sins (Gunah-e-kabeera)
 The music listener will get melted iron in his ears on the Day of Judgment.
 The house in which music is heard, the angels of blessings don’t come there and duas
are not accepted of such a household.
 There are sudden deaths in the house where music is heard.
 The music listener will come out of his grave as blind, deaf and dumb.
 Music makes one careless from the remembrance of Allah SWT
 Allah SWT will not look with mercy on the singer and the music listener on the Day of
Judgment
 Music creates disputes and makes one lose shame.
 Prosperity vanishes because of music.
 The singer and music listener will get up with a black face on the Day of Judgment
 Such people will not get the pleasure/approval of Allah SWT, Prophets (P.B.U.H.) and
Aimah (a.s.).
 Such people will face the wrath of grave.
 Such people will have reduced life spans.
 Music creates discord in the heart. The power of decisions weakens.
 It wastes time and attracts to sins.

BENEFITS OF KEEPING AWAY FROM MUSIC:

 Prevention from heart attacks.
 Safety from paralysis and accidental death
 Improvement in memory
 More interest in studies
 Will automatically stay away from sins.
 Will power will strengthen and religious prudency shall increase
 Will get the right to listen to the melody of Heaven

53
STORY:
A man came to Imam Jaffer Sadiq (a.s.) and said that when I go for rest to my home, there is
sound of music that comes from my neighbor, that I sometimes stop and listen, though I
don’t go in that gathering. Imam (a.s.) said, “Stop listening to songs. Haven’t you read in the
Holy Quran that indeed on the Day of Judgement, the ear, eye and heart will be
questioned what was heard, seen and accepted” (Surah-e-Bani Israel: Ayat 36)
That person said that Imam (a.s.) I am embarrassed on my act, I repent and seek forgiveness
from Allah SWT. Imam (a.s.) replied, “Get up and repent. Offer as much Namaz as possible
because you have been constantly doing Gunah-e-Kabeera. Had you died in this state, then
how bad would have been your condition. Be thankful to Allah SWT that you were made
beware. Pray to Allah SWT to give you the capacity to repent over something that Allah SWT
doesn’t like”

54
 THE SIN OF MISSING NAMAZ
Namaz is a very important obligatory act. It is the first act of Furo-e-deen. On the Day of
Judgment, the first question will be asked about Namaz. The denier of Namaz is non-
believer and this is a major sin (Gunah-e-kabeera)
As Namaz is obligatory from the clear and important orders of Islam; so anyone who does
not accept Namaz, is a non-believer. Such a person is out of the religion. As only that person
can leave Namaz who considers it as small.

THE HOLY QURAN:

“..establish prayer and don’t be a polytheist” (Surah-e-Rome: Ayat 31)

NARRATIONS:
 “One who considers Namaz as worthless/small is not one of us”
 “One who considers Namaz as worthless, us Ahl-e-bait will not do his intercession.”
 “One who laughs with someone who leaves Namaz, his example is like as if he has
demolished Ka’aba 70 times”
 “One who gives a sip of water to someone who leaves Namaz, then he has fought
with Me and all Messengers”
 “One who leaves Namaz, his life and sustenance don’t prosper”
 Allah SWT will remove the signs of good people from the face of such people. Their
good deeds and Duas will not be accepted.
 Their grave shall be dark and narrow. There will be an angel imposed on him in the
grave, who will punish him continuously there.
 He will die from humiliation, hunger and thirst. He will be deprived of Allah’s SWT
mercy on the Day of Judgment. His accountability will be strict.
 On the Day of Judgment an angel will drag him by his face down.

WRATH:
The Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H.) said, there is a valley in hell, whose inhabitants complain of its
severity of punishment, seventy thousand times daily. There is a house of fire in it that has a
well of fire. This well has a chest box that has a snake. There are a thousand heads of this
snake, where every head has a thousand mouths and every moth has a thousand teeth. The
length of each tooth is 1000 yards. Janab-e-Anas (r.a.) asked, “O the Prophet (P.B.U.H.), for
whom is this punishment (azaab)?” The Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H.) replied, “For alcoholic and
one who discontinues Namaz”

55
 CONDEMNING SINS
Allah SWT has created humans for his worship and obedience. Allah SWT has created many
blessings for humans. So a person who obeys Allah SWT has reward. But one who disobeys
Allah SWT for him there is wrath and punishment.

THE HOLY QURAN:

Allah SWT says in Surah-e-Yonus: Ayat 27:
“But they who have earned [blame for] evil doings- the
recompense of an evil deed is its equivalent, and humiliation will
cover them. They will have from Allah SWT no protector”

NARRATIONS:
1) DISCONTINUING NAMAZ: The act that turns a Muslim into a non-believer is the
intentional leaving of obligatory (wajib) Namaz.
2) FASTING: One who leaves the Fasts of the Holy month of Ramadan without any
reason, the spirit of belief leaves him.
3) HAJ: One who does not perform Haj despite having the capacity to do it, turns poor.
4) CONSUMING ILLIGITIMATE FOOD: When a bite from Haram goes in the stomach of a
person and becomes a part of his body, then all the angles of the heavens and earth
curse him (do La’anat)
5) JEALOUSY: Indeed jealousy eats up faith like fire eats up wood.
6) TELLTALE: The Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H.) said, “Allah SWT will impose fire in the grave of
the one who tell tales. This fire will burn him. When he will come out of his grave
then a big snake will be imposed on him who shall keep on eating his flesh, until he
enters hell.
7) USING CURSE WORDS: The punishment of verbal abuser, user of curse words is hell.
8) TROUBLING NEIGHBOURS: The one who troubles neighbors will come with
amputated hands and legs on the Day of Judgment.
9) CONSUMER OF HARAAM: The consumer of Haram food will come in the shape of pig.
10) REGARDING ONE’S DEEDS AS BIG: Such people will come in the form of being deaf
and dumb.
11) LYING: 70,000 angels curse the liar.

56
12) STEALING: When someone steals, then his fingers should be cut and the stolen things
should be returned to the owner.
13) BREAKING PROMISES: Allah SWT will not show mercy to those who don’t keep
promises.
14) SEVERING TIES (Qata Rehmi): The person who severs ties (Qata Rehmi) will not be
able to pass form the bridge of Siraat.
15) DISOBEYING PARENTS: Such people will not be able to smell the fragrance of Heaven.

57
 HOW TO SAVE ONESELF FROM SINS
Every person who is the follower, admirer of Muhammad and Al-e-Muhammad (a.s.) it is
essential for him to follow their actions to increase his good deeds. This will actually make
him a Momin. Besides he will be a Shia of Imam Ali (a.s.) and will await Imam Mehdi (a.s.).
1) CLEAN AND PURE ENVIRONMENT:Make the environment and surroundings pure and
clean because a child learns ethical traits from his mother, father and siblings. One
should try his best that no Haram work should be done. Non-sense TV shows, vulgar
shows be it even cartoons, should be avoided.

2) STAYING AWAY FROM THE PLACES OF SIN: Avoiding

places where there are chances of sin. For example:
where there is a chance of gossiping or mix gathering, or
where this open music etc.

3) STAYING IN WUDU MOST OF THE TIMES: One should try

to be in Wudu as much as possible, as this reduces the
attraction to sins. The Satan stays away. Because of
Wudu, sins fall off from the body.

4) RECITING SURAH-E-TAWHEED AND SURAH-E-QADAR: One who recites Surah-e-

tawheed three times and Surah-e-qadar once after Fajr Namaz; that day the Satan
will not be able to make a person sin, no matter how much he forces.

5) ZIKR-E-ALLAH SWT: Staying busy in free time and during work too. Keep on reciting
Zikr-e-Allah so the heart stays attached to Allah SWT. For example: Reciting Ya Allah,
Ya Fatah, La-illaha-illah , Tasbeehat-e-Arba, YA hayo Ya Qayyum, Durood, Astaghfar,
Tasbeeh-e-Zehra etc

6) RECITATION OF THE HOLY QURAN: One should recite the Holy Quran daily as much as
possible. As the recitation of the Holy Quran gives health (Shifa) to the heart.

7) TAWASSUL: Make it a habit to do tawasul of Masomeen. One should remember Imam

(a.s.) in all happiness and sadness. We should pray for the reappearance of Imam
Mehdi (a.s.). We should pray to Imam (a.s.) for doing good deeds to achieve success.

58
 RIYA-SHOWING OFF IN WORSHIP
Being Pharisaic means being deceptive, showing off. This leads to the annulment of one’s
deeds. No reward is given for such acts, be this “riya” (showing off of worship) in Wajib or
Mustahib or Mubah acts. These days everything reflects Riya like living, eating, even
worshipping Allah SWT, Majlis, and Sacrifice etc. Such people have been strongly
condemned in the Holy Quran and Hadith.

THE HOLY QURAN:

“So woe to those who pray. [But] who are heedless of their
prayer. Those who make show [of their deeds]
(Surah-Al-Ma’on: Ayat 4, 5 and 6)

NARRATIONS:
 The person who does good but not for God but to seek appreciation from people and
desires that people should listen to him; thus such a person has adopted shirk in his
worshipping.
 Allah SWT says, “ If a person does something good and has included others in it
except Me, then despite of all his deed is good but I don’t accept it”
 On the Day of Judgment, a show offer of worship (Riyakar) shall be called with four
names: “O Non-believer(Kafir), O Impious (Fajir), O loser (Khasir), O Ghadir, _ _ _
your deeds are corrupted, your reward is void. Today you don’t have any right on
Me. Go and ask for your wage from the one for whom you performed the deed
 Riya is a worst trait and is a small Shirk

STORY:
A Boaster person used to go to the mosque to show off people. Once he went to the
mosque and wanted to leave in the end once everyone leaves. As all the people left and he
was about to go home too, he heard some voice and felt that there someone has entered
the mosque. So he thought that lets offer some more prayers and will go after Fajar Namaz.
He started praying again. When it was the morning prayers time, people started coming to
the mosque. A person kept his hand on his shoulder and said, “Worshipping man, were you
sleeping all night that you did not see the dog behind you? At least you could have sent him
out” the man was very embarrassed, that he worshipped all night to show to the dog.

59
 NOT BEING FEARFUL OF ALLAH (SWT)
In the major sins (Gunah-e-kabeera), this is the fourth rank sin. Sometimes people don’t
worry about their actions and don’t fear the wrath of sins in their hearts. We should stay
away from sins.

THE HOLY QURAN:

‫ون۔‬ ُ ِ ‫فَ ََل يَأْ َم ُن َم ْك َر إللاـ ِه إ اَّل إلْ َق ْو ُم إلْخ‬
َ ‫َاِس‬
ِ
TRANSLATION: “..But no one feels secure from the plan of
Allah SWT except the losing people”
(Surah-al-Araaf: Ayat 99)

َ‫َأ َ َْي َس ُب ْإَّل َنس ُان َأن يُ ْ َْتك‬

‫ُسدً ى۔‬
ِ
TRANSLATION: “Does man think he will be left neglected?”
(Surah-e-Qiyamah: Ayat 36)

NARRATIONS:
 “A Believer’s heart has two lights: light of fear and light of hope; and none of them is
more than the other” (Imam Mohammad Baqir a.s.)
 “Keep me alive till my life spends in your worship and obedience. And when my life
becomes the grazing ground for Satan, then before this that you send your anger on
me, lift me from this world” (Imam Sajjad a.s.)
 “Be afraid of Allah SWT as if you are seeing Him. If you are not seeing Him, He is
seeing you. If you believe that He is not seeing you then you are a non-believer. If you
sin despite that, then you have considered Him as of low sight” (Imam Jaffer Sadiq
a.s.)
 Once the wife of the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H.) did not find him on bed. She tried finding
him everywhere. As she looked carefully, she saw the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) crying in
Sajdah and praying to God, “O God, the evil from which you have kept me away, don’t
take me towards them. O God, don’t leave me (my nafs) even for a second”
 If one becomes too fearless of Allah SWT, the Allah SWT loosens him. Not only that
Allah SWT loosens him but also decreases his blessings; and then catches him
suddenly. This is called “Istadraj”. Its best example is of Firon. He was very arrogant of

60
his kingdom. He proclaimed himself as God. Hazrat Musa (a.s.) counselled him many
times but he did not agree. One day he asked everyone, tell me where is God, let me
go and finish Him (Naoz-o-billah). People pointed towards the sky. He threw an
arrow, with all his power, towards the sky. Allah SWT asked the angels to put some
blood on the arrow and throw it back to the ground. The angels did so. When the
blood stained arrow came down, Firon was delighted. He went farther in being
fearless from Allah SWT. Eventually in the river of Niles, his arrogance and
fearlessness drowned with him forever.

PROJECT:
 WHEN DO YOU THINK A PERSON BECOMES FEARLESS?
 NARRATE SOME OTHER STORY BESIDES FIRON WHO
WAS FEARLESS OF ALLAH SWT AND DISCUSS HIS FATE.

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 BACK BITING
Back biting means to talk about someone in his absence to the other person in a malicious
way that would lead to distance and fight amongst them. This is a Major sin (Gunah-e-
kabeera)

THE HOLY QURAN:

“..who cut asunder what Allah SWT has bidden to be joined
and spread chaos on earth, theirs is separation from Allah’s
mercy and they shall have a wretched abode in the Hereafter
(Surah-e-Ra’ad: Ayat 25)

NARRATIONS:
 The Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H.) said, “When I went for Mairaj I saw a woman whose head
was of pig and body was of donkey. There were many types of pains inflicting on her.
When I asked Jibrael (a.s.) as what was her work. He replied, Backbiting and lying”
 Allah SWT will impose fire in the grave of the back biter that will burn him. And when
he will come out of his grave, a big black snake will be imposed on him that will keep
on eating his flesh, until he enters hell”
 Imam Mohammad Baqir said, “Heaven is forbidden on these liars who backbite”
 “Worst of the people are those who backbite, create rifts between friends and find
defects of pure (Pak) people”

STORY:
Once there was a famine in Bani Israel. Hazrat Musa (a.s.) prayed to Allah SWT for rain.
Wahi was sent by Allah SWT that I will not accept your dua and of the ones with you,
because one of them is a backbiter who does not stop backbiting. Hazrat Musa (a.s.)
asked, Lord who is he? So we can separate him from us. Allah SWT replied, I stop you
from backbiting then how shall I reveal his secret?

MESSAGE:
Dear children do you know who was Scorpio (Aqrab)?
He was a back biter, who used to talk instigating things amongst people and created
hostility and fights amongst them. Allah SWT deteriorated him and made him a Scorpio.

62
 REPENTENCE
To repent means to consult, return; i.e. after repenting, a sinner comes back to
his earlier state of goodness.

THE HOLY QURAN:

1) “Allah SWT likes the one who repents”
(Surah-e-Baqarah: Ayat 222)
2) “We are the best of those who repents and kind”
(Surah-e-Baqarah: Ayat 160)

NARRATIONS:
1) “One who repents from sins is like he has no sins”
(Meezan-ul-hikmat)
2) “There is no one more beloved to Allah SWT than the man or woman who repents”
(Meezan-ul-hikmat)

STORIES:
 Fazil bin ayaz was a famous dacoit of his time. Everyone was scared of him. One night
as he jumped in someone’s house to steal, he heard someone reciting the Holy Quran
who was reciting this Ayat:
“Has not the time come that the hearts of the believers become tender with the
remembrance of Allah SWT.” (Surah-e-Nehl: Ayat 57)
Fazel’s heart became so soft with this verse that he repented from stealing and
returned all stolen things to their owners. He went to give it to the last person who
was a Jew, and returned his things. The Jew didn’t agree as he had sworn that he will
not agree till all his stolen belongings are returned. But the Jew was very impressed
with his repentance and told him that there is only one way that he will agree i.e. if
Fazel brings the gold coins from the other room, which are under the carpet. Fazel
went to the other room and brought him the gold coins. On seeing this, the Jew
embraced faith and turned into a Muslim. Then he asked Fezal, do you know why I
turned into a Muslim? He replied, no. So the Jew said that I had read that from the
Ummah of HAzrat Muhammad (a.s.) who so ever shall repent truthfully, Allah SWT
will turn dust into gold for him. I knew that there is dust under my carpet but I
wanted to know the truth of your repentance and reality of Torah, and when I found
these, I embraced faith.
63
When should we repent? In old age? No! Whenever one feels for a sin, he should
repent immediately.
Once in a man’s garden a tree grew that had spikes. People asked him to cut it. But he
said, what is the hurry? I will cut it later. Thus whenever someone asked him to cut it,
his reply was the same, that I shall do it later. Then eventually this plant turned into a
big, strong, deep rooted tree and the man became old. Now neither he had the
energy in his body to cut the tree, nor was the tree so weak that it could be chopped
easily. He tried his best but he could not even move the tree, let alone cut the tree.

PROJECT
 Narrate a Hadith about
repentance
 Narrate a story about repentance

64
 HELPING HUMANITY
Just as Allah SWT emphasizes the rights of Allah SWT, He also
emphasizes on the rights of people (Huqooq-ul-ibad). The sins
pertaining to God may be forgiven, but the sins regarding people shall
not be forgiven, until the offended person does not forgive himself

THE HOLY QURAN:

“And you are on the highest rank of ethics” (Surah-e-Qalam: Ayat 4)

NARRATIONS:
 “When a Muslim serves his Muslim brothers, then Allah SWT will provide him equal
number of servants in Heaven”. (Meezan-ul-Hikmat)
 “Believers are each other’s servers” (Meezan-ul-Hikmat)

STORIES:
1) Once a man came to Imam Jaffer Sadiq (a.s.) and discussed his financial problems.
Imam (a.s.) said to a companion sitting in front of him that resolve this believer’s
problem as soon as possible. Safwan went with him and came back after a while and
said, “His issue is resolved”. Imam (a.s.) said to Safwan, “This small work of yours that
you did to resolve your brother’s problem, that took some of your time; is more
dearer and superior to Allah SWT than taking the rounds of Ka’aba”
2) Ali bin Yaqteen joined the government of Haroon Rasheed, in Taqaya, with Imam
Musa Kazim’s (a.s.)’s permission. He did so to serve the believers. Imam (a.s.) said
about him that, I take guarantee for Ali bin Yaqteen that the fire shall never touch
him.
Once Ali bin Yaqteen went to meet Imam (a.s.) after Haj. Imam (a.s.) did not meet
him, so he kept on waiting outside. When Imam (a.s.) came out, he asked Imam (a.s.)
the reason for it. Imam (a.s.) replied, you didn’t meet your brother Ibrahim, due to
which Allah SWT did not like your meeting in Haj. Until Ibrahim forgives you, me and
Allah SWT both are upset with you.” Ibrahim was in Kufah at that time. So Ali bin
Yaqteen reached Kufah immediately and apologized to Ibrahim. Though Ibrahim
forgave him but Yaqteen lied down on the ground with his cheek against the ground.
He asked Ibrahim to place his foot on his cheek and leave a mark so I can show it to
Imam (a.s.) as the evidence. Ibrahim did so. Then Ali bin Yaqteen went back to Imam
(a.s.) and apologized to him.
65
 CONTENTMENT
Being content and grateful of Allah’s SWT blessings means to use them decently with
gratitude and not getting greedy.

THE HOLY QURAN:

“.. then eat from them and feed such as those who live in
contentment and the beggar with humility”

NARRATIONS:
1) “The people who practice Parsimony (spend carefully) are the best people of my
Ummah” (Meezan-ul-Hikmat)
2) One who is pleased with the sustenance given by Allah SWT, he is the richest ” (Imam
Ali a.s. (Meezan-ul-Hikmat)
3) The fruit of contentment is respect. (Meezan-ul-Hikmat)

STORIES:
 Once a guest came at Hazrat Salman Farsi’s (r.a.) house. He kept a bread in front of
him. The guest said, how good it would have been, had we some salt too. Hazrat
Salman (r.a.) took a utensil from his home and gave it to the shopkeeper and loaned
from salt in return. He came home and kept that salt with the bread for the guest.
The guest kept on eating and saying, “Thank God Allah SWT made us so content”
Hazrat Salman Farsi (r.a.) smiled and said, “Great, had you been content, then why
would my utensil be debt with someone?”
 Once a boy was mimicking a dog and was barking behind another boy. An elderly
person saw him and asked, you are a man, why are you acting like this? The boy
replied, I have dry bread and he has fresh bread and gravy. When I asked for some
gravy from him, he asked me to roam after him like a dog so I was doing so. The old
man replied, has you been content on the dry bread, you wouldn’t have to change
into a dog from a human.
We also please people in the greed for small things and at times lose our respect. This
makes other people laugh on us. Indeed Imam Ali (a.s.) has said it rightly, “The fruit of
contentment is respect”
 Once Sikandar-e-azam told his servant to call his poor friend Diyo Jans. The friend told
the servant that go and tell Sikandar that, “Your “arrogance” is stopping you from
coming to me and my “contentment” is stopping me from coming to you.”
66
 BEING WELL MANNERED
Having good mannerism is such a trait that covers all defects of a person. There are a lot of
narrations about good manners in the Holy Quran and Ahadith.

THE HOLY QURAN:

“You are on the highest rank of ethics” (Surah-e-Qalam: Ayat 4)

NARRATIONS:
1) The Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H.) said, “Islam is the name of
pleasing mannerism” (Meezan-ul-Hikmat)
2) Imam Hassan (a.s.) said, “The best goodness is being
good mannered” (Meezan-ul-Hikmat)
3) Imam Jaffer Sadiq (a.s.) said, “Pleasing manners increases sustenance”
(Meezan-ul-Hikmat)

STORIES:
 A persons used curse words with Qambar, who was
the slave of Imam Ali (a.s.). Qambar replied the
same. Imam Ali (a.s.) called Qambar and said,
“Qambar stay quiet. Let your silence be his
punishment and let him be humiliated. Your silence
will please Allah SWT and your enemy will be
gripped by Satan.
 Anas bin Malik, a slave of the Holy Prophet
(P.B.U.H.) narrates that, one night of the holy
month of Ramadan, I waited for long but the
Prophet (P.B.U.H.) did not come. I thought that he may have been a guest at some
companion’s house. So I ate his food. After a while the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) came. I
assumed that he may have eaten food so I didn’t ask him for it. The Prophet
(P.B.U.H.) silently went to his room and slept. I found out later that he had come
home without eating food. But he never spoke about it, in his life.

67
68
TAREEKH
69
70
 HAZRAT ZULKAFL (a.s.)

INTRODUCTION:
Allah SWT says in Surah-e-Anbia: Ayat 85,
“And remember Ismail (a.s.), Idrees (a.s.) and Zulkafl (a.s.) as they were all amongst the
patient ones”
The verse of the Holy Quran says that Hazrat Zulkafl (a.s.) was an old Prophet. It is said that
he was one of the Messengers of Bani Israel. “Kafl” means part. Some say that he did
extended worships and deeds, on which Allah SWT gave him a big part of His mercy and
reward. Thus, he was called as “Zulkafl” (which means one with a big part).
Some regard the meaning of “Kafl” as Mukalif. As the Prophet before him said that who will
worship at night, Fast during the day and will not get angry so he can be my Successor. And
Prophet. Hazrat Zulkafl (a.s.) accepted the responsibility and became “Mukalif” of this and
was called as “Zulkafl”. According to a narration, his actual name was “Awediya”

PIETY:
He was very pious. He performed ebadat at night,observed Fast during the day and never
got angry. Once Satan called his associates and said, who will make Hazrat Zulkafl (a.s.)
angry? One satan whose name was “abeez” got up and said, “I will do this job”. Satan
assigned him the duty. Abeez came to Hazrat Zulkafl (a.s.) when he had just got done
settling people’s affairs and had gone to lie down. Abeez came and started crying in the face
of a man and said, a man oppresses me. Hazrat Zulkafl (a.s.) said, “Go and call him” Abeez
replied, he will not come on my call. Hazrat Zulkafl (a.s.) gave Abeez his ring and said, “Give
it to that person and tell him that Zulkafl (a.s.) has called you” Hazrat Zulkafl (a.s.) could not
sleep that day because of his stress. Next day as he got done with his public affairs, Abeez
came again and started crying loudly. A servant stopped Abeez that Hazrat Zulkafl (a.s.)
could not rest yesterday as you came and will not do it today also because of you. But
Abeez did not agree and started crying loudly. So Hazrat Zulkafl (a.s.) wrote a letter and
gave it to him for that man, but he still was not able to rest that day. The third day, Abeez
came again and started crying and screaming loudly that the person does not accept your
letter also. Though Hazrat Zulkafl (a.s.) had not rested for two days and nights, he still didn’t
get angry. He held Abeez’s hand and got up to resolve his issue. It was extremely hot that
day. When Abeez saw his level of patience and anger control, he instantly ran away.
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PRAYERS FOR UMMAH:
The Ummah of Hazrat Zulkafl (a.s.) asked him to pray for them that they should not die,
unless they ask for it themselves. He prayed for them. His prayers were accepted and
people stopped dying. Their children and grandchildren had more children. The relatives
increased but nobody was dying. A time came where they found difficulty in having so many
children and in looking after them. They asked Hazrat Zulkafl (a.s.) to pray for the earlier
state. Thus their lives started reducing again.

72
 HAZRAT ZAKARIYA (a.s.)
THE HOLY QURAN:
“…so give me from Your self an heir. Who will inherit me and
inherit from the family of Jacob (Hazrat Yaqub as). And make
him, my Lord, pleasing [to You]." (Surah-e-Maryam: Ayat 5-6)

INTRODUCTION:

Hazrat Zakariya (a.s.) was a great Messenger of Allah SWT and the leader of Bani Israel. His
wife was the sister of Bibi Maryam’s (a.s.) mother (Bibi Hannah). He had a long life and
didn’t have any children till old age; when Allah SWT heard his prayers in the old age.

SERVING BIBI MARYAM (a.s.)

He used to look after Bibi Maryam (a.s.), as she always stayed busy worshipping Allah SWT.
The worship place where Bibi Maryam (a.s.) stayed was on a height and had no place for
going up further. Nobody used to come there, except Hazrat Zakariya (a.s.); and when he
used to go out, he used to lock it from outside. The door had an open space for light from
where the voice could be heard. He used to get amazed on seeing fruits with Bibi Maryam
(a.s.) that were out of season. He used to ask her as who send you these fruits. Bibi Maryam
(a.s.) used to say that, they have come from Allah SWT and Allah SWT gives uncountable
sustenance to whom He wants. Hazrat Zakariya (a.s.) believed her.

DUA OF HAZRAT ZAKARIYA (a.s.)

Hazrat Zakriya (a.s.) was amazed when he saw the birth of Hazrat Essa (a.s.). he became
hopeful that if Bibi Maryam (a.s.) can have a child without a father, then God can give him a
child too in old age. His age was 120 years at that time and his wife was 98 years old. He
prayed to Allah SWT, “O Nurturer, give me a pure, clean generation and Pak lineage. Indeed
you are the listener of duas and you accept them”

Allah SWT accepted his dua. Hazrat Zakriya (a.s.) was very happy and prayed to Allah SWT to
determine some sign for him. Allah SWT told him that he will not be able to talk for three
days when the birth of the child will be near. Then the same happened. After five years,
Allah SWT bestowed him with Hazrat Yahya (a.s.) and Hazrat Zakriya (a.s.) was unable to talk

73
to anyone, about three days before his birth. He could only talk in signs. When the child was
born, he named him Yahya, as per the orders of Allah SWT.

THE CRYING OF HAZRAT ZAKARIYA (a.s.)

Once Hazrat Zakriya (a.s.) prayed to Allah SWT to teach him the names of Al-e-aba (a.s.)
(Sahib-e-kisa). Hazrat Jibrael (a.s.) taught him the names. When Hazrat Zakriya (a.s.) used to
take the names of Muhammad (a.s.), Ali (a.s.), Fatima (a.s.) and Hassan (a.s.) then his pain
used to fade. But when he took the name of Imam Hussain (a.s.), his throat choked and he
cried so much that he could not breath.

Hazrat Zakriya (a.s.) said, “O Lord, give me a son, so that son’s difficulty shall give me the
same pain as Hazrat Muhammad (a.s.) had in the difficulty of Hussain (a.s.)”

MARTYDOM:

The Satan constantly designed conspiracies against Hazrat Zakriya (a.s.). Satan propagated
false relations between Hazrat Zakriya (a.s.) and Bibi Maryam (a.s.) so people could agree to
killing Hazrat Zakriya (a.s.). Eventually people did become the enemies of Hazrat Zakriya’s
(a.s.) life.

One day, some people ran after him to take away his life. Satan also followed them. As
Hazrat Zakriya (a.s.) was running from there, he reached near a tree. With the orders of
Allah SWT, the tree sliced into two and Hazrat Zakriya (a.s.) entered inside. Satan put his
hand inside the tree and tried locating the place of his heart. He ordered people to cut the
tree from the same place. People abided by the Satan and Hazrat Zakriya (a.s.) was sliced in
two with the tree and was thus martyred. The angels performed shrouding and burial and
offered his funeral prayers for three days.

74
THE CHILDREN OF THE HOLY PROPHET (P.B.U.H.)
1) QASIM:
He is the one because of whom the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H.) is called ‘Abu-al-Qasim’.
His mother was Bibi Kadija (a.s.) and he was born after Ba’sat. He died at a very young
age.
2) ABDULLAH
His title was Tayyab-o-Tahir. He was also from the children of Bibi Khadija (a.s.). He
was also born after Ba’sat and died at a very young age. After his death people
started taunting you as “Abtar”, in reply to whish Surah-e-Kausar was revealed.
3) IBRAHIM
He was from Maria bin qabtiya. The Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H.) made Ibrahim as a
sacrifice for Imam Hussain (a.s.). When Hazrat Jibrael (a.s.) gave him the message of
Allah SWT, that you either keep Ibrahim (a.s.) or Hussain (a.s.). The Prophet (P.B.U.H.)
said, the pain of Ibrahim (a.s.) will be limited to me, but the grief of Hussain (a.s.) will
be with Fatima (a.s.) and Ali (a.s.) too. So I am ready to sacrifice Ibrahim (a.s.) on
Hussain (a.s.). Then the world saw the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H.) sacrificed his son for
the son of Ali (a.s.) and Zehra (a.s.) and they sacrificed their entire family on the
religion of Messenger (P.B.U.H.). Ibrahim (a.s.) dies at the age of one year and eight
months. His grave is in Jannat-ul-Baqi.
4) FATIMA (a.s.)
She was the only daughter of the Prophet (P.B.U.H.). Bibi Fatima (a.s.) was married to
Imam Ali (a.s.) and the lineage of Imamate is existent through
them till today. Allah SWT sent Surah-e-Kausar in her praise. In
this Surah, Allah SWT gave him the good news that his
generation will go on with Bibi Fatima (a.s.). Thus the Syeds in
the world today are from this lineage.

EXPLANATION:
Some people ignorantly believe that the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H.) had three daughters.
We believe that these three girls were the daughters of Bibi Khadija’s (a.s.) sister,
Hala. Their names were Umme-Kulsoom, Ruqaiya and Zainab. Janab-e-Zainab was
first married to Abul-Aas and after the martyrdom of Bibi Fatima (a.s.), she was
married to Imam Ali (a.s.). Umme-Kulsoom and Ruqaiya were married to the third
Caliph, one after the other.
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 IMAM ALI (a.s.)

NAME: Ali, Haider, Asad, Zaid

BIRTHDATE: 13th Rajab (in the Holy Ka’aba)
FATHER: Hazrat Abu Talib (a.s.)
MOTHER: Janab Fatima binte Asad
KUNIYAT: Abul Hassan
TITLES: Haider, Abu Turab, Karam-ullah-e-Wajh
DATE OF MARTYDOM: 21st MAh-e-Ramadan (in
the mosque of Kufah)

The life of Imam Ali (a.s.) can be distributed in three phases:

a) Life in Mecca
b) Life in Madinah
c) Time of apparent Caliphate

a) THE LIFE IN MECCA:

 He was born on 35 Amul-feel in the Holy Ka’aba. He opened his eyes after three
days of his birth, when the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H.) carried him. The Holy
Prophet (P.B.U.H.) said, “You have chosen me for your eyes and I have chosen
you for my knowledge.” He spent the initial ten years of his life under the
guardianship of the Prophet (P.B.U.H.). On the asking of the Prophet (P.B.U.H.),
Hazrat Ali (a.s.) arranged the first Islamic invitation, “Dawat-e-Zul-Asheera”, in
which nobody accepted Islam except for Hazrat Ali (a.s.). On this, the Holy
Prophet (P.B.U.H.) said, “You are my aide (Wazir), successor (Wasi) and
inheritor (Janasheen)”. Throughout the life of Mecca he stayed with the
Prophet (P.B.U.H.). if anyone would trouble the Prophet (P.B.U.H.), he used to
hit them with date seeds.
 The Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H.) and Bani Hashim were forced to live in the valley of
Abu Talib (She’eb Abu Talib) for three years. They were forced to leave Mecca
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 and stay there and all Arabs boycotted them. At this time, Hazrat Abu Talib
(a.s.) often used to put Hazrat Ali (a.s.) to sleep at the place of Prophet
(P.B.U.H.).
 At the time of migration to Madinah, the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) made Hazrat Ali
(a.s.) to sleep on his bed and asked him to return the entrusted belongings of
people before meeting him in Madinah. After reaching Madinah, the Prophet
(P.B.U.H.) stood outside Madinah for three days, till Hazrat Ali (a.s.) reached
there.

b) THE LIFE IN MADINAH:

 After reaching Madinah, the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H.) made all Immigrants
(Muhajireen) the brothers of the Ansar. When Hazrat Ali (a.s.) was the only one
left, he asked the Prophet (P.B.U.H.), who shall be my brother? The Prophet

(P.B.U.H.) replied ‫“ انتِِاخیِفیِالدِنیاِوِِالاِخِرِۃِ۔‬You will be my brother in

the world and in the hereafter too”
 Hazrat Ali (a.s.) was always ahead in all the battles that took place in the life in
Madinah. It was difficult to imagine a war without him. His bravery used to
scare people. In the Battle of Badr, 70 kuffar were killed out of which 35 non-
believers were killed by Hazrat Ali (a.s.) .In the battle of Uhad, when everyone
left the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) alone, Imam Ali (a.s.) was the only one in the battle
field to defend him. A divine voice was heard that “Sword is only Zulfiqar and
man is only Ali (a.s.)” In the battle of Khandaq, he killed Umer ibn-e-abdaywad
at a time, when people were deeply under his sway and power. In the Battle of
Khyber, it was him who killed the famous brave Jew, Marhab.
 In Madinah, he got married to Bibi Fatima (a.s.), the daughter of the Prophet
(P.B.U.H.). At that time the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) said, “Had there not been Ali
(a.s.), there would have been no match for Fatima (a.s.) till the Judgment day.”
After this Imam Hassan (a.s.) and Imam Hussain (a.s.) were born and the family
of Panjitan was completed.
 In the 9th Hijri, Mubahila took place with the Christians, in which the Prophet
(P.B.U.H.) took Hazrat Ali (a.s.) as his “Nafs”, Imam Hassan (a.s.) and Imam
Hussain (a.s.) for sons and Bibi Fatima (a.s.) for the women.
 While returning from the last Haj pilgrimage, the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) declared
the succession and Wilayat of Hazrat Ali (a.s.) at the place called Ghadeer-e-

77
 Khum. People congratulated him, but except a few, none accepted this
announcement from their heart.
 After the demise of the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H.), for 25 years others forcefully
occupied Caliphate. Hazrat Ali (a.s.) was forced to give allegiance to these
wrongful people, but he never did so. In these 25 years, Hazrat Ali (a.s.) was not
given any position or designation from the government. In fact all Bani Hashim
were kept completely away from government positions. The Muslims were
living a prosperous life and Hazrat Ali (a.s.) had to work in a Jew’s garden to
earn his livelihood. Despite this injustice, Hazrat Ali (a.s.) never rebelled against
the government, as Islam was in the stage of infancy at that time and raising
voice for truth may have led to war and vanished Islam before expansion.

c) TIME OF APPARENT CALIPHATE:

 After the death of the third Caliph, people were fearful and they all denied
government positions. On the other hand, they were also realizing their
mistake. So they all approached Hazrat Ali (a.s.) and forced him to accept
Caliphate.
 Hazrat Ali (a.s.) after taking the office of Caliphate said, “thank God that the
truth (haq) came on its place”. He suspended everyone after becoming the
Caliph and started keeping the good and pious people on government
positions. Those who had hopes from Hazrat Ali (a.s.) for favors, started getting
disappointed. Thus they started opposing him, as a result of which Hazrat Ali
(a.s.) had to fight battles against his own people. The four and a half years
tenure of Hazrat Ali (a.s.) was consumed by battles. These wars include, the
battle of Siffen, the Battle of Jamal and the Battle of Neherwan.
 Eventually with the conspiracies of enemies and Muwawiya, Imam Ali (a.s.)
embraced martyrdom, in Sajdah, with the poisoned sword of Ibn-e-Muljim.

When the sword stuck him, he said "‫“ "زف تر بہبع‬By the Lord of Ka’aba, I am
successful”

‫۔۔۔اانہللوااناہیلراوعجن۔‬

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 COMPANIONS OF IMAM ALI (a.s.)
The sincere companions of the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H.) and Ai’mah have been always loyal
to them and have sacrificed everything for the sake of Islam. Some of them are:

1) OWAIS QURNI (r.a.):

He went to meet the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H.). He returned
without meeting the Prophet (P.B.U.H.), as he was not home
and he had promised his mother to come back in time. The
Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H.) said on his return that, Owais went but
left his radiance behind.
Owais Qurni (r.a.) use to spend his entire night in Ruku and Sajdah. He was with Imam
Ali (a.s.) in the battle of Siffeen and was martyred while fighting in this battle. His
Tomb is under construction in Iran these days.

2) HUJAR BIN ADEE (r.a.):

He was counted amongst the Abdal of Hazrat Ali (a.s.). He used to
offer a thousand Rakat of Namaz every day. He was the flag
bearer of the tribe of Kandaa in Siffeen. He was the flag bearer of
the entire army of Hazrat Ali (a.s.) in the battle of Neherwan.
On the insistence of the ruler of Syria, Muwayia, the ruler of the
city asked him to say wrong about Hazrat Ali (a.s.) in a mosque. Hujjar (r.a.) stood up
and cursed the city’s ruler and Muawiya. As a result, Muwayia ordered to kill him.
Before his martyrdom, Hujjar offered two rakat Namaz and said, “Don’t remove the
blood from my hands and clothes, I will meet the ruler of Syria in this state only on
the Judgement Day.

3) QAMBAR (r.a.):
He was the famous slave of Hazrat Ali (a.s.) and always stayed with him. Just the way
Bibi Fiza (r.a.) reached heights being a maid of Bibi Fatima (a.s.), Qambar (r.a.) also
gained peaks while being under Imam Ali (a.s.)
When he was arrested in the times of Hujjaj, he was asked about his job with Hazrat
Ali (a.s.). He said, “To bring the water for ablution (wudu). Hazrat Ali (a.s.) used to
recite this verse after doing Wudu, “The sequence of oppressors will eventually end”
Hujjaj said, May be he meant me with this. Qambar replied, “Indeed” Hujjaj said,
“What will happen if I kill you?” Qambar said, “I will be of good fate and you will be of
harsh fate” Hujjaj got angry and killed him brutally.

79
4) MOHAMMAD BIN ABI BAKAR(r.a.):
He was the son of the first Caliph. His mother Asma binte Umais
later married Imam Ali (a.s.), due to which Muhammad’s (r.a.)
brought up was done by Imam Ali (a.s.). Imam (a.s.) used to say that
“Muhammad (r.a.) is from the Salb of the first Caliph, but he is my
son. In the battle of Jamal, the people of Muwaiya burned
Muhammad (r.a.) in the skin of a donkey. Muwaiya celebrated his
death while Imam Ali (a.s.) mourned his martydom.

5) KUMAIN BIN ZIYAD (r.a.):

He is counted amongst the special companions of Hazrat Ali (a.s.).
Dua-e-Kumail is sufficient evidence for his respect and honor.
When Hujjaj-e-Saqafi ordered his arrest, he went in hiding. On his
hiding, Hujjaj stopped the monetary benefits (Wazeefa) of his
entire tribe. SO Kumail (r.a.) presented himself before Hajjaj
saying that I cannot become the reason for ceasing people’s
sustenance. Then he told Hajjaj that punish me as only few days
of my life are remaining, then you and I will meet near Allah SWT.
HE was 90 years old at the time of his martyrdom. His Tomb is
between Najaf and Kufah.

6) MALIK E ASHTAR (r.a.)

He was amongst the selected companions of Hazrat Ali (a.s.). He
was known to be the bravest person of his time. Ibnul-hadeed says
about his bravery that, if someone says that after Hazrat Ali (a.s.)
the most brave person in Arab was Malik-e-Ashtar (r.a.), then it will
not be incorrect.
Despite being so brave, he was a model of humbleness and
humility. Once a man threw garbage on him in the market. Malik
stayed quiet and walked away. Once he left, people told this person
that this was Malik-e-Ashtar. The man immediately rushed to find him. He saw Malik
praying in the mosque. He went and apologized to Malik (r.a.). He said, I was
repenting for you only in the mosque. Hazrat Ali (a.s.) said, “Malik-e-Ashtar is as
important to me as I was to the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H.)”

80
7) MEESAM-E-TAMMAR (r.a.)
He was a date seller in the market of Kufah. Ibn-e-Zyad
ordered to hang him on a date tree, because of his love
for Imam Ali (a.s.). He was informed about his fate by
Imam Ali (a.s.) beforehand. Since the time he was told
about this, Mesam used to water this date tree every
day. Eventually Imam’s (a.s.) prediction proved correct
and he embraced martyrdom under that tree. His shrine
is in Kufah.

THE TOMBS SHOWN IN THE PICTURES

ARE OF THE COMPANIONS OF HAZRAT
ALI (a.s.). CAN YOU TELL WHERE THEY
ARE LOCATED?

81
 IMAM HASSAN (a.s.)

NAME: Hassan, Shabbar

BIRTHDATE: 15th of Ramadan
FATHER: Hazrat Ali (a.s.)
MOTHER: Janab Fatima (a.s.)
KUNIYAT: Abu Muhammad
TITLES: Zaki
DATE OF MARTYDOM: 28th Safar

CHILDHOOD:
The first food after birth was through the tongue of the Prophet (P.B.U.H.). Aqeeqa was also
done by the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) and so the Sunnah of Aqeeqa started in Islam. The Prophet
(P.B.U.H.) loved him a lot. Narrations say that Imam Hassan (a.s.) used to climb on the
Prophet’s (P.B.U.H.) back during Sajdah sometimes, due to which he used to prolong his
Sajdahs. Sometimes in childhood when he would fall in the mosque, the Prophet (P.B.U.H.)
used to leave his sermon and carry him in his lap.
Once when Imam Hassan (a.s.) was sitting on the shoulders of the Prophet (P.B.U.H.), a
companion (Sahabi) congratulated, saying that what a good ride. The Prophet (P.B.U.H.) said
to him, say what a good rider.
MANNERISM:
Imam (a.s.) resembled his grandfather in his mannerism and was an ideal for the Muslims of
his time.
1) Once Imam’s (a.s.) bondmaid spilled the hot gravy by mistake and the hot liquid fell
on his clothes. Instead of punishing her, Imam (a.s.) set her free.
2) A Syrian met Imam (a.s.) in Madinah and started cursing him. Instead of getting upset,
Imam (a.s.) gave him a lot of funds and provisions. The Syrian was greatly
82
 embarrassed and said, “When I had entered Madinah there was no person worse
than you for me and now when I am leaving Madinah, there is no person better than
you”
3) His food mat was famous to the extent that sometimes when beggars used to come
to Imam Ali (a.s.), he used to say “Dry bread is available here and food better than
this is on the food mat of Hassan (a.s.). I am the Ameer-e-Kainat right now. After me
when the burden of this responsibility will fall on Hassan (a.s.), then his act will be the
same”

BRAVERY:
Imam (a.s.) was brave and courageous from the beginning. At the time of the killing of
the third Caliph, Imam Hassan (a.s.) performed the duty of providing water in his house.
He was in the forefront in assisting Imam Ali (a.s.) in the battle of Siffeen and the battle
of Jamal. He went with Ammar-e-Yasir (r.a.) in different parts of Kufah and with his
lectures gathered an army of around 9500 soldiers.

WORSHIP:
His face color used to change at the time of ablution. He performed 25 Haj pilgrimage on
foot, despite having carriers. When Imam Ali (a.s.) was struck with the sword in Kufah,
then Imam Hassan (a.s.) led the prayers. In these critical circumstances also, he prayed
with piety and sincerity.
THE PEACE TREATY OF IMAM HASSAN (a.s.)
The peace treaty of Imam Hassan (a.s.) is very famous in history. Some people criticize it
as why he did not wage a war like Imam Hussain (a.s.)?
The answer to this is that peace treaty like this was also done by the Holy Prophet
(P.B.U.H.) called as “The peace treaty of Hudaibiya” and people had raised objections on
him too. But everyone saw that Islam was saved from a very big war due to this treaty,
which could have led to irreparable losses.

MARTYDOM:
On the instruction of the ruler of Syria, Muwaiya, Imam Hassan’s (a.s.) wife, Juda-binte-
Ashash poisoned him. Muwaiya promised her that after killing Imam (a.s.), he will get her
married to Yazid, but this never happened and she was killed too. She neither got the
world nor the hereafter.
Even after martyrdom, Imam’s (a.s.) body was hit with arrows and he was denied burial
next to the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H.). His grave is situated in Jannat-ul-Baqi.
83
 THE JOURNEY OF KARBALA
IMAM HUSSAIN (a.s.) IN THE PALACE OF WALEED:
Before the event of Karbala, Yazeed sent the governor of Madina,
Waleed to take allegiance from Imam Hussain (a.s.). Imam (a.s.)
replied him straight forwardly that, “Ruler see we are the family of
the Prophet and Ma’adan-e-Risalat. Angels come to our house.
Matters begin and end with us. Yazeed is an alcoholic and a person
who is the killer of Nafs. His violation of Islam laws (Fasq-o-fujoor)
is evident. A person like me cannot extend allegiance to a person
like him”

IMAM HUSSAIN (a.s.) ON THE GRAVE OF THE PROPHET (P.B.U.H.):

Then he went to the grave of the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) and said to him, “Be witness that this
Ummah left me and did not protect me. My complain is with you till I come to be with you
myself”

IMAM HUSSAIN (a.s.) AND MUHAMMAD-E-HANAFIA (a.s.)

When Muhammad Hanafia (a.s.) tried stopping him, Imam (a.s.) said, “I have decided to go
to Mecca and me, my brother and my relatives are firmly determined. Their idea is one and
will is one. It is your choice, if you want to stay in Madinah and keep me updated about the
enemies’ movement and actions”

IMAM HUSSAIN (a.s.) AND UMME-SALMA (r.a.):

When Imam (a.s.) met the wife of the Prophet (P.B.U.H.), Umme-Salma (r.a.), he said, “I
know the day and time also when I will be killed and the place where I will be buried. As if I
am looking at that place and I can show you too if you want” he said this and got up and
gave a handful of earth to Umm-e-Salma (r.a.) saying, “When this earth turns blood, then
believe that your Hussain (a.s.) has been martyred”

THE WILL OF IMAM HUSSAIN (a.s.)

Imam (a.s.) while writing his will for Muhammad Hanafia said, “I never revolted in vain, as a
rebel or as a tyrant, but I rose seeking reformation for the nation of my grandfather
Muhammad. I tend to enjoin good and forbid evil, to act according to the traditions of my
grandfather and my father”
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IMAM HUSSAIN’S (a.s.) LETTER TO THE PEOPLE OF BASRA:
He further clarified his intention by writing a letter to the people of Basra, “We are his
(Prophet’s s.a.w.) Household, friends, vicegerents and his successors. The nation has tried to
precede us and we helplessly withdrew to avoid dissentions. We cherish peace though we
consider ourselves more worthy and deserving of it (Caliphate) than them. I have sent
towards you my Messenger and I invite you to the book of Allah and the traditions (Sunnah)
of the Prophet (P.B.U.H.)

REPLY TO THE LETTER OF THE PEOPLE OF KUFAH:

He wrote the last warning to the people of Kufah saying, “The will of Allah SWT is the will of
us, Ahl-e-bait (a.s.). We are patient for this test Allah SWT is the provider of the best reward
that cools the eyes and fulfills God’s promise. Whoever wants to come with me should
know that I will leave in the morning. If for the pleasure of God, the soul is ready then come
with me otherwise don’t.”

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 THE SERMON OF GHADEER-E-KHUM
The sermon of Ghadeer-e-Khum is a historical event, a sermon and an important
announcement. This was given by the Holy prophet (P.B.U.H.) for the succession of Hazrat
Ali (a.s.), but due to the dishonesty of some historians, this event could not reach all the
Muslims. To date, a great majority of Muslims is unaware of this sermon. Shia Ulema have
written many books on it.

REFERENCES:
A famous Shia A’lim, Allama Ameeni (r.a.) has written a comprehensive book on this sermon
called as “Al-Ghadeer”, which comprises of ten volumes. The first four volumes consist of
only those references of books where this Sermon has been written. According to him, this
Hadith of Ghadeer has been mentioned by 110 companions, of the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H.),
84 Tabieen (abiders) and 360 Ulema in their books.

REVELATION OF THE VERSE OF GUIDANCE (TABLEEGH):

The Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H.) was heading to Madinah from the last Haj pilgrimage, when he
stopped at Ghadeer-e-Khum, a place between Mecca and Madinah. At this place Hazrat
Jibrael (a.s.) brought the 67th verse of Surah-e-Mayda, that had a very important hidden
message of Allah SWT. It said,
“O Muhammad, deliver what has been sent down to you from your Lord; and if you do
not do it; then (it will be as if) you have not delivered His message (at all). And surely
Allah SWT will protect you from (the mischief) of men..”

THE REACTION OF THE PROPHET (P.B.U.H.)

The Prophet (P.B.U.H.) immediately asked people to stop. T hen he sent for all people who
have been ahead in the way, to come back and waited until all pilgrims who fell behind, arrived
and gathered. He ordered Salman [r] to use rocks and camel toolings to make a pulpit (minbar)
so he could make his announcement. It was around noon time and due to the extreme heat in
that valley, people were wrapping their robes around their feet and legs, and were sitting
around the pulpit, on the hot rocks.

THE BEGINNING OF THE SERMON:

After praising Allah SWT, the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) asked people about his Prophet Hood. People
verified. Then he recited the Hadith of Saqalain, “I am leaving behind two precious things
amongst you; the book of God and my Kindred (Itrah), my Household, for indeed the two will
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never separate until they come back to Me by the Pond (of Al-Kauthar on the day of Judgment).
Going ahead of them or leaving them behind will destroy you”

THE ANNOUNCEMENT OF WILAYAT:

Then the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H.) started finding someone. As he saw Hazrat Ali (a.s.), he called
him and held his hand, raised it so high that everyone could recognize him. Then the Prophet
(P.B.U.H.) asked everyone, “Do I not have more right over the believers than what they have
over themselves?" People cried and answered: "Yes, O' Messenger of God." Then he said,
‫ت‬
‘‫" ’نمکومالہفھذایلعومالہ‬For whoever I am his Leader (mawla), 'Ali is his Leader (mawla)." The
Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H.) said this thrice.

DUA OF THE HOLY PROPHET (P.B.U.H.)

The Prophet [s] continued: "O' God, love those who love him (Ali a.s.), and be hostile to
those who are hostile to him. Keep resentment for those who keep resentment for him.
Help those who help him and those who stay away from helping him, keep them deprived
of your help. Direct truth where he turns” Then everyone congratulated Hazrat Ali (a.s.) one
by one. This continued for three days.

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 FIQH-E-JAFRI
The name of Imam Jaffer Sadiq (a.s.) is Jaffer which means “broad river”. His personality in
divine eyes is like a river of knowledge, through which the thirst of knowledge from the
Ummah of Muhammad (a.s.) quench their thirst. It is a strange coincidence that his title is
the same as the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H.) which is “Sadiq”, as if God wanted to say that what
he will say shall be right. If one should want to implement of the Islam of the Prophet
(P.B.U.H.), then will have to follow the Fiqh of Imam Jaffer Sadiq (a.s.). Then the birth date
of both of them is same too. This too is an indication from Allah SWT to benefit from these
two. Let us see the gift of Imam Jaffer Sadiq (a.s.) for the Ummah.

BEGINNING:
The foundation of Fiqh-e-Jafria was laid when the people of Banu Ummayyah and Banu
Abbas were fighting amongst each other. At that time the people of Banu Abbas wanted to
take the support of Imam (a.s.) to increase their people. But Imam (a.s.) clearly denied as he
knew their intentions. He took advantage of the situation when the eyes of government
were not on him. He founded religious schools (Madarsah) and started imparting the
teachings of Ahl-e-bait (a.s.) there.

THE FOUNDATION OF FIQH-E-JAFRIA:

As time passed, people started drifting away from the Holy Quran and Sunnah and started
forgetting the actual teachings of Islam. Some took the Holy Quran and forgot Hadith and
some remembered Hadith and forgot about the Holy Quran. . Some people didn’t give
importance to any of them and used their intellect and assumptions to resolve issues.
Khuwarij were the top most people who only adhered to the Holy Quran. The ones who
stayed only with Hadith gathered around Imam Malik and the followers of assumptions
went after Abu Hanifa.
At this time, Imam Jaffer Sadiq (a.s.) laid the foundation of Fiqh-e-Jafria the root of which
was the Holy Quran and Ahl-e-bait (a.s.). The evidence of this can be traced back to the
sermon of the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H.) at Ghadeer-e-Khum, in which he had said, “I am
leaving behind two precious things amongst you; the book of God and my Kindred (Itrah), my
Household, for indeed the two will never separate until they come back to Me by the Pond (of
Al-Kauthar on the day of Judgment). Going ahead of them or leaving them behind will destroy
you”

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THE SUPERIORITY OF FIQH-E-JAFRIA:
In comparison to Fiqh-e-Jafria, the other groups did not have complete congruence with
Islam. Even if they resemble Fiqh-e-Jafria, this school was still far superior to the others.
For example, the only abiders of the Holy Quran were called “Khuwarij” and were excluded
from the religion. The leader of Hadith abiders, Imam Malik and the head of followers of
assumptions, Abu Hanifa, were both students of Imam Jaffer Sadiq (a.s.). Both of them
separated from Imam (a.s.) and developed their own Fiqh. Imam Abu Hanifa said, “Had I not
got the two years of tutoring of Imam Jaffer Sadiq (a.s.), I would have destroyed” (Seerat
nauman az Molana Shibli Nomani)

THE IMPORTANT BOOKS OF FIQH-E-JAFRIA:

There are four important foundation books (Madarik) of Fiqh-e-Jafria. These four books are
treasures of Islamic Shiite knowledge:
1) KAFI….. Muhammad Yaqoob Kulaini (16190 Ahadith)
2) MUN-LA-YAHZAR-AL-FAQEEH …. Muhammad Bin Ali (Shaikh Sudooq)
3) TEHZEEB….Shaikh Muhammad Toosi…..(13590 Ahadith)
4) ISTABSAAR…… Shaikh Muhammad Toosi…..(5511 Ahadith)

FIQH-E-JAFRIA AND US:

Being the Shias of Imam Ali (a.s.) we should learn and act on Fiqh-e-Jafria which is the result
of extensive efforts of Imam Jaffer Sadiq (a.s.) and his companions. Imam Jaffer Sadiq (a.s.)
said, “If a person lashes out my companions to learn religion, I will not feel hurt. I don’t
need followers who don’t practice and are unaware. I don’t need people who say Mola and
Aaqa, I want sincere fellows who are practical and are people who are understanding
(Sahib-e-Marifat)
Allama Tibrsi (r.a.) says, “After the reappearance of Imam Mehdi (a.s.) if he finds a 20 years
old young man, unaware of religious knowledge and Rulings of Shariah, he will immediately
put him under the sword. So we should awaken now and consider the time of Ghaybat as
the extension of time for us to learn religion.

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 SYED MURTAZA ILM-UL-HUDA
He was a very big A’alim of the Shiite world. His name was Ali and he was from the family of
Imam Musa Kazim (a.s.). His kuniyat was Abul-Qasim. Famous titles are Murtaza, Ilm-ul-
Huda, Abu Samaneen. His mother’s name was Fatima and Father’s name was Hussain.

INITIAL CIRCUMSTANCES:
The famous Alim, Shaikh Mufeed dreamt that Bibi Fatima (a.s.) has
come to his Madarsah holding the hands of her children Imam Hassan
(a.s.) and Imam Hussain (a.s.). She was saying that “O Shaikh, give the
knowledge of Fiqh to these children.” The next morning the mother of
Syed Murtaza came to Shaikh Mufeed with her two children, Syed
Murtaza and Syed Razi (compiled Nahjul Balagha) and she said the
same to Shaikh Mufeed as Bibi Fatima (a.s.) had said in the dream.
Shaikh Mufeed got up from his place as a sign of respect when he saw
her and understood that it is the interpretation of his dream.

SERVICES IN KNOWLEDGE:
He was the best student of his teacher Shaikh Mufeed. He has written many books. There
used to be huge crowds of people in his lecture. Despite being so learned, he respected his
teacher Shaikh Mufeed a lot. One day as he was lecturing, suddenly his teacher came. He
immediately stopped the lecture and made his teacher sit on his place and he went to sit
with people in the audience. But his teacher said that “I order you to continue the lecture
because I like your conversation a lot”
Once a Jew came in his gathering and asked him to lecture about the knowledge of
horoscopes (Ilm-e-Najoom). He started lecturing about it and fixed a provision (Wazeefa) for
the Jew too. After a few days the Jew embraced faith and became a Muslim, as he was very
impressed with his ethics and mannerism.

WONDERS:
In his times, the king’s minister Muhammad bin Hussain fell sick and nobody could treat
him. One night Imam Ali (a.s.) came in the dream of the minister and said to him that ask
Ilm-ul Huda (Syed Murtaza) to pray for you. The minister wrote letter to Syed Murtaza and
wrote the title of Ilm-ul-Huda for him for the first time. Syed Murtaza said, I don’t deserve
this title. The minister replied that this title has been given by your ancestor Imam Ali (a.s.).

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So Syed prayed for him and he recovered. After this event he got famous with the name of
Syed Murtaza Ilm-ul Huda.

DEATH:
He died at the age of 81 years. At the time of death he left 80,000 books that included
books written by him. The things that he left behind were also 80. One of his book’s name
was “Al-samaneen”, that is why one of his titles is “Abul-samaneen”. It should be noted that
Samaneen is number 8 in Arabic.

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 SYED MEHDI BEHR-UL-ULOOM
INITIAL CIRCUMSTANCES:
Allah SWT gave the indication of his birth to his father. One night his father dreamt that
Imam Raza (a.s.) has given a candle to someone, who lightened this candle on top of his
father’s house. A strange light was emitting from it. The very night Syed Mehdi Behr-ul-
uloom was born. He took his early education from his father and went to Najaf-e-Ashraf for
higher studies.

SERVICES IN KNOWLEDGE:
He was a great scholar of his time. He gave solutions according to Fiqh to not only Shias, but
to Sunnis also. He stayed in Mecca for a very long time and serviced there too. He taught
people in candle light at night and gave lectures for seven hours in the day time. He kept his
faith hidden at that time. While he was in Najaf, he stopped giving lectures for some time.
When people asked the reason, he said that I cannot hear the weeping of student in the
night prayer (Namaz-e-Shab). So there is no utility of giving religious knowledge to those
who don’t pray Namaz-e-Shab regularly. The students were greatly affected with this and
they started doing Namaz-e-Shab and regular ebadat at night. Consequently, he also
resumed his lectures.
His knowledge and piety was so much that people started doubting him as Imam Mehdi
(a.s.) he was so knowledgeable that he was known as “Behr-ul-uloom” (sea of knowledge) in
his time.

PLEASING MANNERISM:
Besides knowledge, he used to help people in their financial problems too. Every night he
used to take some food in the lanes of Najaf and distribute it amongst the poor beggars of
Najaf.
Once when he stood up for Namaz, a man came running and brought him a hot hookah.
Though he had recied Iqamah and only Takbeer-at-ul-ahram was remaining, he stopped his
Namaz and started having the hookah. When people asked the reason for this, he said that
had I not done so, the heart of that believer would have been broken.

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TAQAIYA:
During his stay in Mecca, he stayed in Taqiya i.e. he kept hiding his faith. Once a person said
“Asalam-u-alikum” to him. He also said “Asalam-u-alikum”, though he should have said
“Walikum-asalam” as per Sunni thought. Looking at his mistake he instantly said “Tasa-
lamna”, i.e. we both did Salaam to each other.
Once someone came so he stood up in respect and said “Ya Ali “, while standing up. As he
got attentive to his mistake, he instantly said, “Ya Ali-o-Ya-Azeem” (means I am talking of
the traits of Allah SWT)
While being there, he met a Sunni Imam-e-Juma. One day he went to his house. He had a
very big library. He asked the Sunni Imam as which books he had. The man replied, all types
of books. Syed Mehdi asked if he had the book “Rijaal” of Abu Hanifa. The man said, no. So
Syed told him that in this book, Abu Hanifa has written that he was a student of Imam Jaffer
Sadiq (a.s.) and used to learn 70 Masail from him. Then Syed said to this Imam, “What
would be the level of knowledge of Imam Jaffer Sadiq (a.s.) that a big scholar like Abu Hanifa
was also his student. The Sunni Imam went silent on this. When this Imam was about to die,
Syed went to see him. At that time this Imam-e-jumma told him that he became a Shia that
very day when you told me the level of Imam Jaffer Sadiq (a.s.). Now as per my will, do my
shrouding and burial like Shias do and you will fulfill this responsibility.

WONDERS:
Once he gave a wrong Fatwa by mistake. As he found out about it, he was embarrassed and
sat in the house saying that from now on I will not give any Fatwas. After a while someone
knocked the door and gave him a letter. This letter was from Imam-e-Zamana (a.s.), who
had written that don’t stop giving Fatwas. It is your job to give Fatwas and our work is to
correct it.
Often when people used to come to his house, they saw that work was being done, for
example cooking, laundry, cleaning etc but the workers of these tasks were not seen. When
he was asked, he said that a Jin King has become my friend and he has sent his servants to
do my house chores since a very long time. It is said that one who does Allah’s SWT work,
then Allah SWT gets his work done.

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 MOMIN-E-AL-E-FIRON
Allah SWT says in the Holy Quran, Surah-e-Ghafir: Ayat 28-29:
“And a believing man of Pharaoh family who concealed his faith said: “Would you slay a
man because he says: ‘My Lord is Allah and he has come to you with clear signs from your
Lord? And if he is a liar, upon him will be [the sin of] his lie; but if he is telling the truth, then
some of that [misfortune] wherewith he threatens you will befall on you.’” Indeed Allah
guides not one who is a transgressor [of limits] a liar!
“O my people! Yours is the sovereignty today, you are dominant in the land. But who will
save us from the torment of Allah, should it befall us?” Pharaoh said: “I show you only that
which I see and I guide you only to the path of guidance! (Nothing can happen except the
murder of Musa”

INTRODUCTION:
According to narrations, by Momin-e-Al-e-Firoun, it is meant that good person who was the
paternal cousin of Firoun and his name was “hizbeel”. Hizbeel hid his faith for about 600
years. As per some narrations, he was the treasurer of Firoun. It is said that it was him who
made the box for the mother of Musa (a.s.) so Hazrat Musa (a.s.) could stay safe in the river.
His wife was also in Taqiya with him, but she got identified when she said Bismillah and was
eventually killed.
Firoun initially made him his Caliph and heir but he showed disregard for Firoun’s religion.
This made Firoun his enemy.

TAQAIYA:
This means to hide one’s faith from people who can cause harm and to stay apparently as a
non-believer or not like a Momin. This means apparent Kufar and hidden believer. Hizbeel
always hid his belief in front of Firoun and his associates so they never believed that he has
already embraced faith of Musa (a.s.)
It is said that some associates of Firoun filled him that Hizbeel is actually a believer and does
not show in front of people as he is observing Taqaya. Firoun called Hizbeel and mentioned
people’s accusation to him. Hizbeel asked the people, who has created you? They said,
Firoun. Then he asked, who gives you sustenance? They again said Firoun. Then he asked,
who brings you out from troubles? They replied Firoun. Hizbeel said, “Thus who provides
sustenance to you is my provider also, one who created you is my Creator too, the one who

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resolves your problems is my Lord.” When Firoun heard this, he hung all the accusers and
let Hizbeel go. In this way Hizbeel saved himself from the transgression of Firoun with his
intellect and Taqaya.

FAZAIL:
It is the Hadith of the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H.) that three people, Momin-e-Al-e- Firoun, Ali
Ibn-e-abi Talib (a.s.) and Asiya the wife of Firoun, were not infidel even for the blink of an
eye.
It is the Hadith of the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H.), “There are three verifiers of the
Messengers… the most superior of them all is Ali Ibn-e-abi Talib (a.s.)”

MARTYDOM:
It is said that Hizbeel uncovered his faith when Musa (a.s.) defeated the magicians of Firoun.
On this Firoun killed him.

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