SPAJ 135 C

Combined overcurrent
and earth-fault relay
User´s manual and Technical description

B
2I >
I
2
I n = 1A 5A ( I ) f n = 50Hz I L1 I L3 Io IRF
5
I n = 1A 5A ( I o ) 60Hz

SPAJ 135 C
STEP 1.5
80...265V –
~ I>
18...80V – U aux In STEP
0.5 2.5

SPCJ 3C48
0.5
REGISTERS
t > [ s] SG1
0 0 0 0 k
1
0.05 1.0 2
3
1 I /I n 4
5
2 n (I >) 0.35 6
3 n (I >>) SGR I o> 7
8
4 t / t >[ % ] 1 In 0 1
2 0.1 0.8
5 t / t >> [ % ] 3
6 4
I o /I n RESET
5
7 n (I o>) 6 0.5
7
8 t / t o> [ % ] 8
t o > [ s]
0 1 ko
0.05 1.0
Io>
I>
I >>
1314
1305

RS 611 Ser.No. SPCJ 3C48

1MRS 750811-MUM EN
SPAJ 135 C
Issued 1997-08-06
Modified 2002-04-22 Combined overcurrent
Version B (replaces 34 SPAJ 24 EN1)
Checked MK
Approved OL
and earth-fault relay
Data subject to change without notice

Contents Features .......................................................................................................................... 2

Application ..................................................................................................................... 3
Description of function .................................................................................................. 3
Connections ................................................................................................................... 4
Configuration of output relays........................................................................................ 6
Start and operation indicators ......................................................................................... 7
Combined power supply and I/O module ...................................................................... 7
Technical data (modified 2002-04) ................................................................................. 8
Application examples .................................................................................................... 11
Registered data and fault analysis .................................................................................. 15
Secondar injection testing ............................................................................................. 16
Maintenance and repair ................................................................................................ 20
Exchange and spare parts .............................................................................................. 20
Ordering numbers ........................................................................................................ 20
Dimensions and instructions for mounting .................................................................. 21
Information required with order ................................................................................... 21

The complete manual for the combined overcurrent and earth-fault relay SPAJ 135 C
includes the following submanuals:

Combined overcurrent and earth-fault relay SPAJ 135 C 1MRS 750811-MUM EN

Combined overcurrent and earth-fault relay module SPCJ 3C48 1MRS 750812-MUM EN
General characteristics of C-type relay modules 1MRS 750328-MUM EN

Features Two-stage phase overcurrent protection and Numerical display of setting values, measured
single-stage earth-fault protection in one relay values, recorded fault values, indications etc.

Two-phase definite time or inverse time (IDMT) Built-in pulse-width-modulated galvanically iso-
low-set overcurrent stage lating power unit for a wide range of auxiliary
voltages
Two-phase instantaneous or definite time high-
set overcurrent stage Serial interface for bus connection module and
optical-fibre substation bus
Non-directional definite time or inverse time
(IDMT) earth-fault stage Continuous self-supervision of relay hardware
and software for enhanced system reliability and
Fully field-configurable output relay functions availability

Flexible matching of the relay to a variety of Auto-diagnostic fault indication to facilitate

protection applications repair after detection of permanent internal
relay fault.

2
Application The combined phase overcurrent and earth- rent unit includes a low-set stage I> and a high-
fault relay SPAJ 135 C is intended to be used for set stage I>>. The low-set stage I> features field-
time and current graded overcurrent and earth- selectable definite time characteristic or inverse
fault protection in distribution networks. The definite minimum time (IDMT) characteristic
relay is especially suited for use in solidly earthed as per IEC 60255. The high-set stage I>> oper-
and low-resistance earthed networks. ates instantaneously or with definite time char-
acteristic. The earth-fault unit I0> also features
The relay contains a two-phase non-directional field-selectable definite time characteristic or
overcurrent protection and a non-directional inverse definite minimum time (IDMT) char-
earth-fault protection. The two-stage overcur- acteristic as per IEC 60255.

Description of The combined overcurrent and earth-fault relay has expired, the relay operates, delivering a trip
function SPAJ 135 C is a secondary relay that is con- signal TS1.
nected to the current transformers of the object
to be protected. The earth-fault current can be The earth-fault unit functions in the same way.
measured either via a set of three phase current When the start value I0> is exceeded the earth-
transformers in a residual current connection or fault unit starts and when, at definite time mode
a window-type core-balance current transformer. of operation, the set operate time t0> or, at
The relay measures two phase currents and the IDMT mode of operation, the calculated oper-
residual current. When a phase overcurrent ate time, has expired, the earth-fault unit oper-
fault or an earth-fault occurs, the relay operates ates, delivering a trip signal TS2.
according to the functions and configurations it
has been given. The low-set stage of the overcurrent unit and the
earth-fault unit can be given either definite-time
When one of the phase currents or both exceed or inverse-time characteristic. At inverse time
the set start value I> of the low-set stage, the characteristic four inverse time curve sets with
overcurrent unit starts. When, at definite time different inclination as per IEC 60255 are avail-
mode of operation, the set operate time t> or, at able: Normal inverse, Very inverse, Extremely
IDMT mode of operation, the calculated oper- inverse and Long-time inverse.
ate time, has expired, the overcurrent unit oper-
ates delivering a trip signal TS1. In the same way The overcurrent and earth-fault relay is pro-
the high-set stage starts when its start value I>> vided with two output relays for tripping and
is exceeded and when the set operate time t>> four for signalling purposes.

TRIP 1
IL1 TWO-PHASE DEFINITE TIME OR
51
INVERSE TIME (IDMT) LOW-SET TRIP 2
OVERCURRENT STAGE

IL3 SIGNAL 1
TWO-PHASE DEFINITE TIME HIGH- 50
SET OVERCURRENT STAGE
START 1

Io DEFINITE TIME OR INVERSE TIME START 2

51N
(IDMT) EARTH-FAULT STAGE

IRF

SERIAL COMMUNICATION SERIAL I/O

Fig. 1. Protection functions of the combined overcurrent and earth-fault relay SPAJ 135 C.
The encircled numbers refer to the ANSI (=American National Standards Institute) number of the
concerned protection function.
3
Connections
L1
L2
L3
0 -

Ι - Ι

+
Rx Tx

SPA-ZC_
S1 P1
+
S_ P2 + (~ )
Uaux
- (~ )

IRF START2 START1 SIGNAL1 TRIP2 TRIP1

+ SERIAL
PORT
1 23 7 8 9 25 26 27 61 62 70 71 72 74 75 77 78 80 81 68 69 65 66
5A
1A

5A
1A
5A
1A

≅_
E F D C B A

+ - U3
1 1 1 1
U3 IRF
SGR 3 2 4 7 5 8 6
t>,k
2I>

SS1

t >> TS1
2I>>

SS2

t>,ko TS2
Io>

U1 I/O
SPAJ 135 C U2

Fig. 2. Connection diagram for the combined overcurrent and earth-fault relay SPAJ 135 C.

Uaux Auxiliary voltage

A,B,C,D,E,F Output relays
IRF Self-supervision signal
SS Start signal
TS Trip signal
SGR Switchgroup for configuring trip and alarm signals
TRIP_ Trip output
SIGNAL1 Signal on relay operation
START_ Start signal or signal on relay operation
U1 Combined overcurrent and earth-fault relay module SPCJ 3C48
U2 Power supply and I/O module SPTU 240S1 or SPTU 48S1
U3 I/O module SPTE 3E14
SERIAL PORT Serial communication port
SPA-ZC_ Bus connection module
Rx/Tx Optical-fibre receiver (Rx) and transmitter (Tx) of the bus connection module

4
 1 61

Rx 2 62
TTL
Tx 3 65

7 66

8 68

9 69

Made in Finland
25 80

26 81

27 77

70 78

71 74

72 75
B470500

Fig.3. Rear view of the combined overcurrent and earth-fault relay SPAJ 135 C.

Specification of input and output terminals

Contacts Function

1-2 Phase current IL1 (In = 5 A)

1-3 Phase current IL1 (In = 1 A)
7-8 Phase current IL3 (In = 5 A)
7-9 Phase current IL3 (In = 1 A)
25-26 Neutral current I0 (In = 5 A)
25-27 Neutral current I0 (In = 1 A)
61-62 Auxiliary power supply.
When DC voltage is used the positive pole is connected to terminal 61.
65-66 Trip output 1 for stages I>, I>> and I0> (TRIP 1)
68-69 Trip output 2 for stages I>, I>> and I0> (TRIP 2)
80-81 Signal on tripping of stages I>, I>> and I0> (SIGNAL 1)
77-78 Signal on tripping of stage I0>, starting of stages I>, I>> and I0> (START 1)
74-75 Starting of stage I> and I>> (START 2)
70-71-72 Self-supervision (IRF) alarm output. Under normal conditions the contact interval
70-72 is closed. When the auxiliary voltage disappears or an internal fault is detected,
the contact interval 71-72 closes.
Protective earth terminal

NOTE!
In single phase applications the energizing cur- nection module SPA-ZC 17 or SPA-ZC 21.
rent can be connected through both serial con- The bus connection module is fitted to the D-
nected phase current energizing inputs. This type connector (SERIAL PORT) on the rear
connection yields a faster relay operation on panel of the relay. The opto-connectors of the
overcurrent, especially at instantaneous opera- optical fibres are plugged into the counter con-
tion. nectors Rx and Tx of the bus connection mod-
ule. The selector switch for the mode of commu-
The combined overcurrent and earth-fault relay nication of the bus connection module is set in
SPAJ 135 C is connected to the optical fibre position "SPA".
communication bus by means of the bus con-
5
Configuration of The start signals of the I> and I>> stages are the following functions can be selected with the
output relays firmly wired to output relay F and the trip switches of the SGR switchgroup on the front
signals to output relay A. The trip signal of the panel of the relay:
I0> stage is wired to output relay B. In addition,

Switch Function Factory User's

default settings

SGR/2 Routes the start signal of the I0>>stage to output relay D 1

SGR/3 Routes the start signals of the I> and I>> stages to
output relay D 1

SGR/4 Routes the trip signal of the I0> stage to output relay D 1

SGR/5 Routes the trip signal of the I0> stage to output relay C 1

SGR/6 Routes the trip signal of the I0> stage to output relay A 1

SGR/7 Routes the trip signals of the I> and I>> stages to output
relay C 1

SGR/8 Routes the trip signals of the I> and I>> stages to output
relay B 1

The circuit breakers can be controlled directly the same time or separate trip output relays can
both with output relay A or output relay B. This be configured for the overcurrent protection
enables two circuit breakers to be controlled at and the earth-fault protection.

6
Start and B
2. The yellow LED indicators (IL1, IL3 and I0)
operation 2
2I >
I on the upper black part of the front plate
indicators I n = 1A 5A ( I ) f n = 50Hz
5
I L1 I L3 Io IRF indicate, when lit, that the corresponding
I n = 1A 5A ( I o ) 60Hz
current value is currently being displayed.
SPAJ 135 C
80...265V –
~
STEP 1.5 When the display is dark and the relay oper-
I>
18...80V – U aux In
0.5 2.5
STEP
ates, the concerned LED indicator(s) is (are)
SPCJ 3C48
lit showing which unit has operated. The
REGISTERS
t > [ s]
0.5
SG1
LED indicators are reset by pushing the STEP
0 0 0 0 k
0.05 1.0
1
2
3
or RESET push-button.
1 I /I n 4
5
2 n (I >) 0.35 6
3
4
n (I >>)
t / t >[ % ]
SGR
1
I o>
In
7
8 3. The red IRF indicator of the self-supervision
0 1
5
6
t / t >> [ % ]
I o /I n
2
3
4
0.1 0.8
system indicates, when lit, that a permanent
RESET
7 n (I o>)
5
6
7
0.5 internal relay fault has been detected. The
8 t / t o> [ % ]
0 1
8
t o > [ s]
ko
0.05 1.0
fault code appearing on the display once a
I>
Io>
fault has been detected should be recorded
I >>
and notified when service is ordered.

1314
1305

RS 611 Ser.No. SPCJ 3C48

4. The green Uaux LED on the front panel is lit

1. The relay module is provided with two opera- when the power supply module operates prop-
tion indicator located in the right bottom erly.
corner of the front plate of the relay module.
One indicates operation of the overcurrent 5. The LED indicator below a particular setting
unit and the other operation of the earth- knob indicates, when lit, that the setting
fault unit. Yellow light indicates that the value of the knob is currently being dis-
concerned unit has started and red light that played.
the unit has operated (tripped).
6. The LED of the SG1 switchgroup indicates,
With the SG2 software switchgroup the start when lit, that the checksum of the switch-
and trip indicators can be given a latching group is being displayed.
function, which means that the LEDs remain
lit, although the signal that caused operation The start and operation indicators, the function
returns to normal. The indicators are reset of the SG2 software switchgroup and the func-
with the RESET push-button. An unreset tions of the LED indicators during setting are
indicator does not affect the operation of the described more detailed in the user's manual
relay. "Combined overcurrent and earth-fault relay
module SPCJ 3C48".

Combined The combined power supply and I/O module The power supply and I/O module is available
power supply (U2) is located behind the system front panel of in two versions which have different input volt-
and I/O module the protection relay and can be withdrawn after age ranges:
removal of the system front panel. The power
supply and I/O module incorporates a power - type SPTU 240S1 Uaux = 80...265 V ac/dc
unit, five output relays and the control circuits - type SPTU 48S1 Uaux = 18...80 V dc
of the output relays.
The voltage range of the power supply and I/O
The power unit is transformer connected, that module inserted in the relay is marked on the
is, the primary side and the secondary circuits system front panel of the relay.
are galvanically isolated. The primary side is
protected by a slow 1 A fuse F1, placed on the
PC board of the module. When the power
source operates properly, the green Uaux LED
on the front panel is lit.

7
Technical data Energizing inputs 1A 5A
(modified 2002-04) Terminals 1-3, 7-9, 25-27 1-2, 7-8, 25-26
Rated current In 1A 5A
Thermal withstand capability
Carry continuously 4A 20 A
Make and carry for 10 s 25 A 100 A
Make and carry for 1 s 100 A 500 A
Dynamic current withstand capability,
half-wave value 250 A 1250 A
Input impedance <100 mΩ <20mΩ
Rated frequency fn acc. to order 50 Hz or 60 Hz

Output contact ratings

Trip contacts
Terminals 65-66, 68-69
Rated voltage 250 V ac/dc
Carry continuously 5A
Make and carry for 0.5 s 30 A
Make and carry for 3 s 15 A
Breaking capacity for dc, when the manoeuvre
circuit time constant L/R ≤ 40 ms, at the control voltages
- 220 V dc 1A
- 110 V dc 3A
- 48 V dc 5A

Signalling contacts
Terminals 70-71-72, 74-75,
77-78, 80-81
Rated voltage 250 V ac/dc
Carry continuously 5A
Make and carry for 0.5 s 10 A
Make and carry for 3 s 8A
Breaking capacity for dc, when the signalling
circuit time constant L/R < 40 ms, at the control voltages
- 220 V dc 0.15 A
- 110 V dc 0.25 A
- 48 V dc 1A

Auxiliary supply voltage

Power supply and I/O modules and voltage ranges:
- type SPTU 240 S1 80...265 V ac/dc
- type SPTU 48 S1 18...80 V dc
Power consumption under quiescent/operating conditions ~4 W/~6 W

8
Combined overcurrent and earth-fault relay module SPCJ 3C48
Low-set overcurrent stage I>
Start current I> 0.5...2.5 x In
Selectable modes of operation
- definite time characteristic
- operate time t> 0.05...100 s
- inverse definite minimum time (IDMT) characteristic
- curve sets acc. to IEC 60255-3 Normal inverse
Very inverse
Extremely inverse
Long-time inverse
- time multiplier k 0.05...1.00

High-set stage I>>

Start current I>> 0.5...17.5 x In or ∞, infinite
Operate time t>> 50 ms, 150 ms, 300 ms,
500 ms or ∞,
infinite = out of operation

Earth-fault stage I0>

Start current I0> 0.1...0.8 x In
Selectable modes of operation
- definite time characteristic
- operate time t0> 0.05...100 s
- inverse definite minimum time (IDMT) characteristic
- curve sets acc. to IEC 60255-3 Normal inverse
Very inverse
Extremely inverse
Long-time inverse
- time multiplier k0 0.05...1.00

Data communication
Transmission mode Fibre optic serial bus
Data code ASCII
Selectable data transfer rates 300, 1200, 2400,
4800 or 9600 Bd
Fibre optic bus connection module,
powered from the host relay
- for plastic fibre cables SPA-ZC 21 BB
- for glass fibre cables SPA-ZC 21 MM
Fibre optic bus connection module with
a built-in power supply unit
- for plastic fibre cables SPA-ZC 17 BB
- for glass fibre cables SPA-ZC 17 MM

9
 Insulation Tests *)
Dielectric test IEC 60255-5 2 kV, 50 Hz, 1 min
Impulse voltage test IEC 60255-5 5 kV, 1.2/50 µs, 0.5 J
Insulation resistance measurement IEC 60255-5 >100 MΩ, 500 Vdc

Electromagnetic Compatibility Tests *)

High-frequency (1 MHz) burst disturbance test
IEC 60255-22-1
- common mode 2.5 kV
- differential mode 1.0 kV
Electrostatic discharge test IEC 60255-22-2 and
IEC 61000-4-2
- contact discharge 6 kV
- air discharge 8 kV
Fast transient disturbance test IEC 60255-22-4
and IEC 61000-4-4
- power supply 4 kV
- I/O ports 2 kV

Environmental conditions
Specified ambient service temperature range -10...+55°C
Long term damp heat withstand acc. to IEC 60068-2-3 <95%, +40°C, 56 d/a
Relative humidity acc. to IEC 60068-2-30 93...95%, +55°C, 6 cycles
Transport and storage temperature range -40...+70°C
Degree of protection by enclosure for
panel mounted relay IP 54
Weight of relay including flush mounting case 3.0 kg

*) The tests do not apply to the serial port, which is used exclusively for the bus connection module.

10
Application
L1
examples L2
L3
0 -
Example 1.
Feeder overcurrent
and earth-fault
Ι - Ι
protection, residual
current measure- +
ment with phase Rx Tx

current transformers 0

SPA-ZC_
+

+ (~ )
Uaux
- (~ )

IRF START2 START1 SIGNAL1 TRIP2 TRIP1

+ SERIAL
PORT
1 23 7 8 9 25 26 27
5A
1A 61 62 70 71 72 74 75 77 78 80 81 68 69 65 66

5A
1A
5A
1A

≅_
E F D C B A

+ - U3
1 1 1 1
U3 IRF 8
SGR 3 2 4 7 5 6
t>,k
2I>

SS1

t >> TS1
2I>>

SS2

to >,ko TS2
Io>

U1 I/O
SPAJ 135 C U2

Fig. 4. Overcurrent and earth-fault relay SPAJ 135 C used for the protection of distribution feeders.
The residual current is measured with three phase current transformers in residual current
connection. The selector switch settings are shown overleaf.

The relay SPAJ 135 C is used for overcurrent teristic short overload situations, connection
and earth-fault protection of distribution feed- inrush currents, intermittent earth-faults etc
ers. The high-set stage is set in such a way that cause no false relay operation.
it reaches the following protection stage. The
high-set stage operates on close-up faults. The The desired inverse time curve is selected sepa-
earth-fault stage acts as a single-stage feeder rately for the overcurrent and the earth-fault
earth-fault protection. stage with switchgroup SG2.

When the current settings are calculated no When coordination is required between fuses
possible unsymmetry of the current needs to be and relays the extremely inverse curve is pre-
considered. The relay uses a so called top-to-top ferred. The extremely inverse curve is also used
measuring principle, which makes the relay in applications where the fault current under
insensitive to any unsymmetry of the current. any network connection situation is many times
grater than the rated current. When the ex-
The low-set stage of the overcurrent unit and the tremely inverse curve is used the relay permits
earth-fault unit can be given definite time or temporary overloads e.g. during the run-up of a
inverse time characteristic. In the above exam- large motor.
ple inverse time characteristic has been selected
for both stages. In network, where the magnitude of the short-
circuit current strongly varies with the network
At inverse time characteristic the operate time is configuration the normal inverse characteristic
shorter the higher the energizing current is. is recommended. This allows relatively short
Thus the operate time of the relay is short for operate times for the overcurrent stage, although
close-up overcurrent faults and low-resistance the short-circuit current only slightly exceeds
earth-faults. Thanks to the inverse time charac- the rated current.

11
 The very inverse curve is an intermediate form current transformer. When current transform-
between the normal inverse and extremely in- ers are chosen special attention must be paid to
verse curves. At a short-circuit the operate time the overcurrent factor, because especially the
is rather short, although the short-circuit cur- operation of the high-set stage requires a good
rent should vary in accordance with the network current reproduction capability at heavy fault
configuration. On the other hand the very in- currents.
verse characteristic allows the feeder to be tem-
porarily overloaded. The Holmgren connection suits applications
characterized by heavy earth-fault currents,
Within the operate time t>> the selectivity bet- moderate sensitivity requirements or low CT
ween consecutive protection steps can be ob- turns ratios. In directly earthed networks or
tained. The operate time t>> is selected with networks earthed through a low-impedance re-
switchgroup SG1 from a set of four selectable actor or resistor the magnitude of the earth-fault
values. current is so high, that the accuracy of the
residual current connection is high enough for
In the above example the earth-fault current is the fault current to be measured.
measured with three phase current transformers
in residual current connection, i.e the secondary
sides of the current transformers are connected The selector switches of the overcurrent and
in parallel. The accuracy of the Holmgren earth-fault relay SPAJ 135 C can be set as
connection depends on the equalness of the follows:

Switch SG1/SPCJ 3C48 SG2/SPCJ 3C48

1 1 1
2 0 } I>> = 5.0 x In
0 } t>: very inverse
3 0 1 I>: inverse time characteristic
4 0 TS1 and TS2 latching 0 I>/I>>-LED: self-reset
5 0 I>> no doubling 0 I0>-LED: self-reset
6
7
0
0
I>> = 2.5…17.5 x In 1
0 } t0>: very inverse
8 0 } t>> = 50 ms
1 I0>: inverse time characteristic

Σ 1 165

Switch SGR/SPCJ 3C48

1 0 Not in use
2 1 Start signal of stage I 0> to output relay D
3 0 No start signal of stages I>/I>> to output relay D
4 0 No operate signal of stage I0> to output relay D
5 0 No operate signal of stage I0> to output relay C
6 1 Operate signal of stage I0> to output relay A
7 1 Operate signal of stages I>/I>> to output relay C
8 0 No operate signal of stages I>/I>> to output relay B

When the selector switches are set as in the tables

above the output relays of SPAJ 135 C have the
following functions:

Output relay Function

A (65-66) CB trip signal, stages I>, I>>, I0>

B (68-69) Signal on operation, stage I0>
C (80-81) Signal on operation, stages I>, I>>
D (77-78) Start signal, stage I0>
E (70-71-72) Self-supervision signal (IRF)
F (74-75) Start signal, stages I>/I>>

12
Example 2.
Feeder overcurrent
L1
and earth-fault L2
protection, residual L3
current measure- 0 -
ment with a core-
balance current
transformer Ι
Ι -

+
Rx Tx

SPA-ZC_
S1 P1
+
S_ P2 + (~ )
Uaux
- (~ )
1) 2)
IRF START2 START1 SIGNAL1 TRIP2 TRIP1
+ SERIAL
PORT
1 23 7 8 9 25 26 27 61 62 70 71 72 74 75 77 78 80 81 68 69 65 66
5A
1A

5A
1A
5A
1A

≅_
E F D C B A

+ - U3
1 1 1 1
U3 IRF 8
SGR 3 2 4 7 5 6
t>,k
2I>

SS1

t >> TS1
2I>>

SS2

to >,ko TS2
Io>

U1 I/O
SPAJ 135 C U2

1) Blocking signal to the overcurrent relay of the incoming feeder

2) Blocking signal to the residual current relay of the incoming feeder

Fig. 5. Overcurrent and earth-fault relay SPAJ 135 C used for the protection of a distribution feeder.
The residual current is measured with a core-balance current transformer. The selector switch
settings are shown overleaf.

The above solution suits resistively earthed net- Definite time characteristic and core balance
works in the first place, where the current repro- current transformers are used in applications
duction capacity of the core balance current requiring great accuracy. When core balance
transformers is high enough. Thanks to the core current transformers are used the disadvantages
balance transformers the stability and the accu- of the Holmgren connection can be avoided.
racy of the protection is high enough.
The operation of the protection relay of the
The relay SPAJ 135 C is used for overcurrent incomming feeder can be speeded up with block-
and earth-fault protection of distribution feed- ing signals from the protection relays of the
ers. The high-set stage is set in such a way that outgoing feeders. If the fault is located on the
it reaches the following protection stage. The outgoing feeder the relay of the concerned feeder,
high-set stage operates on close-up faults. The when it starts, puts forward a blocking signal to
earth-fault stage acts as a single-stage feeder the relay of the incoming feeder. If, on the other
earth-fault protection. hand, the fault is located on the busbars or on
the incoming feeder, no blocking signal is for-
The low-set stage of the overcurrent unit and the warded and the relay of the incoming feeder
earth-fault stage can be given definite time or operates.
inverse time characteristic. In the above exam-
ple definite time characteristic has been selected
for both stages.

13
 The selector switches of the overcurrent and
earth-fault relay SPAJ 135 C can be set as
follows:

Switch SG1/SPCJ 3C48 SG2/SPCJ 3C48

1 1 0
2 1
} I>> = 2.0 x In 0 } t> = 0.05…1.00 s
3 0 0 I>: definite time characteristic
4 0 TS1 , TS2: no latching 0 I>/I>> LED: self-reset
5 0 I>> no doubling 0 I0> LED: self-reset
6
7
1
0
I>> =0,5…3,5 x In 0
0 } t0 = 0.05…1.00 s
8 0 } t>> = 50 ms
0 I0>: definite time characteristic

Σ 35 0

Switch SGR/SPCJ 3C48

1 0 Not in use
2 1 Start signal of stage I0> to output relay D
3 0 No start signal of stages I>/I>> to output relay D
4 0 No operate signal of stage I0> to output relay D
5 0 No operate signal of stage I0> to output relay C
6 1 Operate signal of stage I0> to output relay A
7 1 Operate signal of stages I>/I>> to output relay C
8 0 No operate signal of stages I>/I>> to output relay B

When the selector switches are set as in the tables

above the output relays of SPAJ 135 C have the
following functions:

Output relay Function

A (65-66) CB trip signal, stages I>, I>>, I0>

B (68-69) Signal on operation, stage I0>
C (80-81) Signal on operation, stages I>, I>>
D (77-78) Start signal, stage I0>, blocking signal to the residual current relay
of the incoming feeder
E (70-71-72) Self-supervision signal (IRF)
F (74-75) Start signal, stages I>/I>>, blocking signal to the overcurrent relay
of the incoming feeder

14
Registered data The data registered by the relay can be used to The values recorded in register 4 and 5 provide
and fault analysis analyze network faults and the behaviour of the information about the duration of, for example,
network under normal operation conditions. a switching inruch current or the safety margin
between the protection relays of a selective pro-
Register 1 contains the maximum value of the tection.
phase currents IL1 and IL3 as multiple of the
rated current of the used energizing input. The Register 6 contains the maximum value of the
register is updated, if residual current I0 as multiple of the rated
current of the used energizing input. The regis-
- the value of the measured current exceeds the ter is updated, if
value already in the register
- the relay operates. At relay operation the value - the value of the measured current exceeds the
of the current at operation is recorded. value already in the register
- the relay operates. At relay operation the value
The value in register 1 shows how close the set of the current at operation is recorded.
relay start current value is to the fault current
value. Correspondingly, the set start current By means of the recorded earth-fault current
values can be compared with the phase current value the degree of development of the earth-
values measured by the relay under normal fault can be estimated. The value in register 6
operation conditions. also shows how close the set relay start current
value is to the fault current value. Correspond-
When a fault arises on the feeder the fault ingly, the set start current values can be com-
current values at relay operation are recorded in pared with the residual current values measured
register 1. By means of the fault current value by the relay under normal operation conditions.
the location of the fault can be estimated. Fur-
ther, the indicators on the front panel show in The number of starts of stage I0>, register 7,
which phases the fault current has exceeded the provides information about the occurrance and
set start current. distribution of earth-faults as far as the fault
resistance is conserned. If the relay of a particu-
The registered values directly show the magni- lar feeder starts too frequently, it may indicate
tude of the fault current. For example, if the an earth-fault under development (faulty insu-
registered value after a fault is 05.0 the maxi- lator) or any other disturbance, which easily
mum phase current at relay operation has been may cause an earth-fault (a tree branch touching
five times the rated current of the CT primary the line).
side.
Register 8 shows the duration of the latest start
The number of starts of stage I> and I>>, regis- situation of stage I0>, expressed in per cent of
ters 2 and 3, provides information about the the set operate time or, at inverse time operation
occurrance of overcurrents.If the relay of a par- the calculated operate time. Any new start resets
ticular feeder starts too frequently, the reason the counter, which restarts from zero. If the
may be too low a relay setting, switching inruch stage operates, the register value will be 100.
currents or hidden faults, for instance faulty
insulators. The value of register 8 shows the duration of the
earth-fault or the safety margin of the time-
Registers 4 and 5 show the duration of the latest grading of the selective protection.
start situation of stages I> and I>, expressed in
per cent of the set operate time or, at inverse
time operation the calculated operate time. Any
new start resets the counter, which restarts from
zero. If the stage operates, the register value will
be 100.

15
Secondary Testing, both primary and secondary, should When auxiliary voltage is connected to the
injection testing always be performed in accordance with na- protection relay, the relay performs a self-testing
tional regulations and instructions. program, which does not include the matching
transformers and the contacts of the output
The protection relay incorporates an IRF func- relays. The operational condition of the relay is
tion that continuously monitors the internal tested by means of ordinary relay test equipment
state of the relay and produces an alarm signal on and such a test also includes the matching trans-
the detection of a fault. According to the manu- formers, the output relays and the accuracy of
facturer’s recommendations the relay should be the operate values.
submitted to secondary testing at five years’
intervals. The testing should include the entire Equipment required for testing:
protection chain from the instrument trans-
formers to the circuit breakers. - adjustable voltage transformer 0...260 V, 1 A
- current transformer
The secondary testing described in this manual - ammeter, accuracy ±0.5%
is based on the relay’s setting values during - stop watch or counter for time measurement
normal operation. If necessary, the secondary - dc voltage source for the auxiliary supply
testing can be extended by testing the protection - switches and indicator lamps
stages throughout their setting ranges. - supply and pilot wires
- calibrated multimeter
As switch positions and setting values have to be
altered during the test procedure the correct The secondary current of the current trans-
positions of switches and the setting values of former is to be selected on the basis of the rated
the relay during normal operation conditions current, 1 A or 5 A, of the relay energizing input
have to be recorded, for instance, on the refer- to be tested. The energizing inputs are specified
ence card accompanying the relay. under the heading "Technical data, Energizing
inputs".
To enable secondary injection testing the relay
has to be disconnected, either through
disconnectable terminal blocks or a test plug
fitted on the relay.

DANGER!
Do not open the secondary circuit of a current
transformer under any phases of the testing, if
the primary circuit is live. The high voltage
generated by an open CT secondary circuit
could be lethal and may damage instruments
and insulation.

16
 U2
+ (~)

- (~)

6
A

1
TRIP1

65 66
TIMER STOP

8
TRIP2

68 69

5
C
SIGNAL1

7
80 81
L4

4
D

2
1
START1

77 78

3
SGR
L3

F
START2

SS1

SS2
74 75

TS2
TS1
L2

I/O
E

IRF

t>,ko
t >>
t>,k
70 71 72
IRF
L1

U3

2I>>
2I>

Io>
61 62

≅_
Uaux

U1
+ -
7 8 9 25 26 27
1A
5A
5A

1A
5A
START
TIMER

SPAJ 135 C
1A
1 23

5A

U3
A
S1
L1 N

Fig. 6. Secondary injection test circuitry for the overcurrent and earth-fault relay SPAJ 135 C

When the test circuit has been completed and operation of the test circuit can be verified with
the selector switches properly set, the auxiliary the aid of a multimeter.
voltage may be connected to the relay. The

17
Testing of the The input transformers of the relay are tested measurements can be made, for instance, at the
internal matching aeparately for each enegizing input. Apply a rated current of the relay. Note that the relay
transformers pure sinusoidal voltage to the relay and compare shows the measured current as a multiple of the
the current value indicated on the display of the rated current In of the energizing input used.
relay with that shown by the ammeter. The

Testing of the low- Set the switches of SGR switchgroup as follows Starting
set overcurrent before the test is started:
stage I> The test is carried out as a single-phase test
Switch Position according to Fig. 6. Close switch S1. Slowly
increase the test current until the relay starts and
1 1 the indicator L2 is lit. Then read the start
2 0 current value from the ammeter.
3 0
4 0 Operate time
5 0
6 0 Definite-time characteristic
7 1
8 0 Set the test current at 2 x the set start current of
stage I>. The clock is started by closing switch
S1 and stopped by contact 65-66, when output
When the switches are set as above, the output relay A picks up.
relays have the following functions:
Operation of output relay C is verified with
Output relay Function indicator L4.
(terminals)
When the relay starts, the I>/I>> indicator in the
A (65-66) Trip signal of stage I> and I>> right bottom corner of the front panel is lit with
B (68-69) (Trip signal of stage I0>) yellow light. When the relay operates, the indi-
C (80-81) Signal on tripping of stage cator turns red.
I> and I>>, indicator L4
D (77-78) Not in use Inverse time characteristic
E (71-72) Self-supervision signal,
indicator L1 At inverse time characteristic, the operate time
F (74-75) Starting of stage I> and I>>, is measured at two different test current values
indicator L2 (2 x I0> and 10 x I0>). The operate times thus
obtained are compared with the operate times
obtained from the current/time curves of the
If the start current settings of the high-set stage concerned inverse time curve.
and the low-set stage are close to each other,
switches SG1/1, SG1/2 and SG1/3 are prefer-
ably set at 1, which sets the high-set stage out of
operation.

Testing of the The operate time t> of the low-set stage is set at Operate time
high-set overcurrent 100 s to avoid interference with the high-set
stage I>> stage. The operate time of stage t>> of the high- Set the test current at 2 x the set start value of
set stage is set at 50 ms, switches SG1/7=0 and stage I>>. The clock is started by closing switch
SG1/8=0. If the high-set stage was set out of S1 and stopped by contact 65-66, when output
operation during testing of the low-set stage, it relay A picks up.
must be taken in use again.
Note!
Starting The current carrying capacity of the wiring,
terminals and matching transformers of the
Increase the test current until the relay starts and relay is limited, see chapter "Technical data".
indicator L4 is lit. Then read the start current The test wires should have an cross-section of
value from the ammeter. Note! When indicator 4 mm2. Then 100 A is allowed to be connected
L2 lits only the I> stage has started. for max. 1 s to a 1 A energizing input and for
max. 10 s to a 5 A energizing input.
18
 Set the switches of SGR switchgroup as follows Starting
before the test is started:
Close switch S1. Slowly increase the test curent
Switch Position until the relay starts and the indicator L3 is lit.
Then read the start current value from the
1 1 ammeter.
2 1
3 0 Operate time
4 0
5 1 Definite-time characteristic
6 0
7 0 Set the test current at 2 x the set start current of
8 0 stage I0>. The clock is started by closing switch
S1 and stopped by contact 68-69, when output
relay B picks up.
When the switches are set as above, the output
relays have the following functions: When the relay starts, the I0 indicator in the
right bottom corner of the front panel is lit with
Output relay Function yellow light. When the relay operates, the indi-
(terminals) cator turns red.

A (65-66) (Trip signal of stage I> Inverse time characteristic

and I>>)
B (68-69) Trip signal of stage I0> At inverse time characteristic, the operate time
C (80-81) Signal on tripping of stage I0>, is measured at two different test current values
indicator L4 (2 x I0> and 10 x I0>). The operate times thus
D (77-78) Start signal of stage I0>, obtained are compared with the operate times
indicator L3 obtained from the current/time curves of the
E (71-72) Self-supervision signal, concerned inverse time curve.
indicator L1
F (74-75) (Starting of stage I> and I>>,
indicator L2)

Testing of the self- The self-supervision system and the function of document "General characteristics of C type
supervision system the IRF LED and the output relay E can be relay modules". The operation of output relay E
(IRF) tested in the Trip test mode described in the is indicated by L1.

19
Maintenance
and repair When used under the conditions specified in If the relay fails in operation or if the operation
the section "Technical data", the relay requires values considerably differ from those stated in
practically no maintenance. The relay includes the relay specifications, the relay should be given
no parts or components that are sensitive to a proper overhaul. Minor measures, such as
abnormal physical or electrical wear under nor- exchange of a faulty module, can be taken by
mal operating conditions. personnel from the customer’s instrument work-
shop, but major measures involving the elec-
If the environmental conditions on site differ tronics are to be taken by the manufacturer.
from those specified, as to temperature and Please contact the manufacturer or his nearest
humidity, or if the atmosphere around the relay representative for further information about
contains chemically active gases or dust, the checking, overhaul and calibration of the relay.
relay should be visually inspected during the
relay secondary testing. The visual inspection Note!
should focus on: The protection relays contain electronic circuits
which are liable to serious damage due to elec-
- Signs of mechanical damage on relay case and trostatic discharge. Before removing a module,
terminals ensure that you are at the same electrostatic
- Dust accumulated inside the relay cover or potential as the equipment by touching the case.
case; remove carefully with compressed air or
a soft brush Note!
- Signs of corrosion on terminals, case or com- Static protection relays are measuring instru-
ponents inside the relay ments and should be handled with care and
protected against damp and mechanical stress,
especially during transport and storage.

Exchange and Overcurrent and earth-fault relay module SPCJ 3C48

spare parts Combined power supply and I/O module
- Uaux = 80...265 V ac/dc SPTU 240S1
- Uaux = 18...80 V dc SPTU 48S1
Case (including I/O module) SPTK 3E14
I/O module SPTE 3E14
Bus connection module SPA-ZC 17_ or SPA-ZC 21_

Ordering Combined overcurrent and earth-fault relay

numbers SPAJ 135 C RS 611 030 -AA, CA, DA, FA

Combined overcurrent and earth-fault relay with test adapter RTXP 18

SPAJ 135 C RS 611 230 -AA, CA, DA, FA

The two last letters of the ordering number designate the rated frequency fn and
the Uaux voltage range of the relay as follows:

AA: fn = 50 Hz and Uaux = 80...265 V ac/dc

CA: fn = 50 Hz and Uaux = 18...80 V dc
DA: fn = 60 Hz and Uaux = 80...265 V ac/dc
FA: fn = 60 Hz and Uaux = 18...80 V dc

20
Dimensions and The relay case is basically designed for flush- by 80 mm and type SPA-ZX 113 reduces the
instructions for mounting. The mounting depth can be reduced depth by 120 mm. The relay can also be mounted
mounting by the use of a raising frame: type SPA-ZX 111 in a case for surface mounting, type designation
reduces the depth behind the mounting panel SPA-ZX 115.
by 40 mm, type SPA-ZX 112 reduces the depth

250
142
216 34
30 186

136
162

129 ±1 a b
139 ±1

Panel cut-out

Raising frame a b
SPA-ZX 111 176 74
SPA-ZX 112 136 114
SPA-ZX 113 96 154

Fig. 7. Dimensions of the combined overcurrent and earth-fault relay SPAJ 135 C

The relay case is made of profile aluminium and along the edge of the cover provides an IP54
finished in beige. degree of protection between the case and the
cover.
A rubber gasket fitted on the mounting collar
provides an IP54 degree of protection between All input and output wires are connected to the
relay case and mounting panel, when the relay is screw terminal blocks on the rear panel. Each
flush mounted. terminal is dimensioned for one max. 6 mm2
wire or two max. 2.5 mm2 wires. The D-type
The hinged cover of the relay case is made of a connector connects to the serial communica-
clear, UV stabilized polycarbonate, and pro- tion bus.
vided with a sealable fastening screw. A gasket

Information 1. Quantity and type designation 15 pces relay SPAJ 135 C

required with 2. Order number RS 611 030-AA
order 3. Rated frequency fn = 50 Hz
4. Auxiliary voltage Uaux = 110 V dc
5. Accessories 15 bus connection modules SPA-ZC 21 MM
2 fibre optic cables SPA-ZF MM 100
14 fibre optic cables SPA-ZF MM 5
6. Special requirements -
21
SPCJ 3C48
Combined overcurrent
and earth-fault relay module
User´s manual and Technical description

B
2I >
I

I L1 I L3 Io IRF

STEP 1.5
I>
In STEP
0.5 2.5

0.5
t > [ s] SG1
k
1
0.05 1.0 2
3
4
5
0.35 6
7
I o> 8
In 0 1
0.1 0.8

RESET
0.5

t o > [ s]
ko
0.05 1.0
Io>
I>
I >>
1314

SPCJ 3C48
1MRS 750812-MUM EN
SPCJ 3C48
Issued 1997-08-06
Modified 2002-05-15 Combined overcurrent
Version C (replaces 34 SPCJ 17 EN1)
Checked MK
Approved OL
and earth-fault
relay module
Data subject to change without notice

Contents Features .......................................................................................................................... 2

Function ......................................................................................................................... 3
Block diagram ................................................................................................................. 5
Front panel ..................................................................................................................... 6
Start and operation indicators ......................................................................................... 6
Settings ........................................................................................................................... 7
Selector switches ............................................................................................................. 8
Measured data .............................................................................................................. 10
Recorded information ................................................................................................... 11
Menu chart ................................................................................................................... 12
Inverse time characteristic curves (modified 2002-05) ................................................... 13
Technical data .............................................................................................................. 18
Event codes ................................................................................................................... 19
Remote transfer data ..................................................................................................... 20
Fault codes.................................................................................................................... 23

Features Two-phase, two-stage overcurrent unit and sin- Local man-machine and remote serial commu-
gle-stage earth-fault unit combined in one relay nication capability
module
Flexible configuration of the relay module to
Low-set overcurrent stage with definite time or obtain the desired protection functions
inverse time (IDMT) characteristic for phase
overcurrent protection Enhanced reliability and availability of the relay
module through extensive continuous self-su-
High-set overcurrent stage with instantaneous pervision of hardware and software
operation or definite time characteristic for phase
short-circuit protection Advanced software support for setting and moni-
toring of relay modules with portable computer
Local display of measured currents, set start
values, recorded fault data and other parameters

2
Function The combined overcurrent and earth-fault relay inverse time operation characteristic (IDMT)
module SPCJ 3C48 can be used in single-phase four different time/current curve sets are avail-
Overcurrent unit and two-phase overcurrent protection applica- able. The required characteristic is selected with
tions. It features two protection stages: a low-set switches SG2/1 and SG2/2.
overcurrent stage I> and a high-set overcurrent
stage I>>. The start and trip signals of the high-set overcur-
rent stage have been linked to the same outputs
The low-set or high-set overcurrent stage starts, SS1 and TS1 as the corresponding signals of the
if the current on one of the protected phases low-set overcurrent stage.
exceeds the set start current of the concerned
stage. When a protection stage starts, it gene- The start current I>> of the high-set overcurrent
rates a start signal SS1 and simultaneously the stage is selected from a set of fifteen preset
common LED indicator of the two overcurrent current values using switches SG1/1…SG1/3
stages is lit with yellow colour. If the overcurrent and SG1/6. The operate time t>> of the high-set
situation persists long enough to exceed the set overcurrent stage is selected from a set of four
operate time at definite time characteristic or preset time values using switches SG1/7 and
the calculated operate time at inverse time char- SG1/8. For further information, see section
acteristic, the stage that started generates a trip "Selector switches".
signal TS1. At the same time the LED indicator
of the concerned stage turns red. The red opera- The set start current I>> of the high-set over-
tion indication persists although the protection current stage can be automatically doubled when
stage resets. The operation indication is reset the protected object is energized, i.e. during a
with the RESET push-button on the front panel current inrush situation. Thus the set start cur-
of the relay module or with the command V101 rent of the high-set overcurrent stage can be
or V102 via the SPA serial bus. See also table lower than the connection inrush current of the
(switchgroup SG3) on page 10 in chapter "Se- protected object. The automatic doubling fea-
lector switches". ture is selected with switch SG1/5. A start situ-
ation is defined as a situation where the phase
The operation of the low-set overcurrent stage currents increase from a value below 0.12 x I> to
I> can be based on definite time or inverse a value exceeding 3.0 x I> within less than 60 ms.
definite minimum time (IDMT) characteristic. The start situation ends when the phase currents
The required operation characteristic is selected fall below 2.0 x I>.
with switch SG2/3. At definite time character-
istic three operate time t> setting ranges are The high-set overcurrent stage can be set out of
available. The operate time setting range is operation by selecting the start current value ∞,
selected with switches SG2/1 and SG2/2. At infinite.

3
Earth-fault unit The combined overcurrent and earth-fault relay characteristic is selected with switches SG2/6
module SPCJ 3C48 includes a non-directional and SG2/7.
earth-fault protection stage I0>.
If the protection relay incorporates an auto-
The earth-fault protection stage I0> starts if the reclose module, the SGB switches can be used
neutral current exceeds the set start current I0> for routing start initiation signals from the pro-
of the stage. On starting, the earth-fault stage tection relay module to the auto-reclose
generates a start signal SS2 and simultaneously module.The functions of the SGB switches are
the LED indicator of the earth-fault stage is lit described in the general descriptions of the
with yellow colour. If the earth-fault situation different protection relays, see section "Signal
persists long enough to exceed the set operate diagram".
time at definite time characteristic or the calcu-
lated operate time at inverse time characteristic, Normally the protection stages of the relay
the earth-fault stage generates a trip signal TS2. module are self-reset, which means that the trip
At the same time the LED indicator of the earth- outputs TS1 and TS2 are automatically reset,
fault stage is lit with red colour. The red opera- when the protection stage resets. However, the
tion indicator remains lit although the protec- trip outputs TS1 and TS2 can be given a so
tion stage resets. The operation indication is called latching function, which means that the
reset with the RESET push-button on the front trip outputs are kept activated after an opera-
panel of the relay module or with the command tion, although the fault has disappeared and the
V101 or V102 via the SPA bus. protection stage has reset. The latched outputs
are manually reset by pressing the push-buttons
The operation of the earth-fault stage I0> can be STEP and RESET simultaneously or by remote
based on definite time or inverse definite mini- control with the commands V101 and V102.
mum time (IDMT) characteristic. The required See also table (switchgroup SG3) on page 10 in
operation characteristic is selected with switch chapter "Selector switches".
SG2/8. At definite time characteristic three op-
erate time t0> setting ranges are available. The The start and operation indicators on the front
operate time setting range is selected with panel of the relay module, the latched output
switches SG2/6 and SG2/7. At inverse time signals TS1 and TS2 and the registers 1…8 can
operation characteristic (IDMT) four time/cur- be reset locally or by remote control as presented
rent curve sets are available. The required in the following table:

Resetting of start and Resetting of latched Erasing of re-

operation indicators output relay corded values

RESET x
STEP & RESET x x x
Parameter V101 x x
Parameter V102 x x x

4
Block diagram

70 ms 1 SS1
IL1
I> t>, k STEP+
SG1 / 4 RESET

SG2 / 1
SG2 / 2 1 TS1
IL3 SG2 / 3

40 ms SG2 / 4

I >> t >> RESET Y R

SG1 / 1..3
SGB/1
SG1 / 6 AR2
SG1 / 5 SGB/2
0.12xI> 2xI >> SGB/3
AR1
60 ms
70 ms SS2
STEP+
& SG1 / 4 RESET
3.0 x I>
to>, ko TS2
2.0 x I>
1
SG2 / 6
Io> SG2 / 5
SG2 / 7
Io Y R
SG2 / 8 RESET

SPCJ 3C48

Fig.1. Block diagram of the combined overcurrent and earth-fault relay module SPCJ 3C48

IL1, IL3 Measured phase currents

I0 Measured neutral current
SG1 Function selector switchgroup, hardware switchgroup
SG2 Function selector switchgroup, software switchgroup
SGB AR start signal selector switchgroup, hardware switchgroup
SS1 Start signal of the I> and I>> stages
TS1 Operate (trip) signal of the I> and I>> stages
SS2 Start signal of the I0> stage
TS2 Operate (trip) signal of the I0> stage
AR1, AR2 Auto-reclose start initiation signals
Y Yellow LED indication, starting
R Red LED indication, operation

NB!
All input and output signals of the relay module particular protection relay are shown in section
are not necessarily wired to the terminals of any "Signal diagram" in the general manual of the
protection relay incorporating the above relay concerned protection relay.
module. The signals wired to the terminals of a

5
Front panel
B
2I > Simplified relay symbol
I

LED indicators for the meas- I I Io IRF

L1 L3
LED indicator of the self-
ured currents IL1, IL3 and I0 supervision system

Numerical display
STEP 1.5
LED indicator and start value I>
In STEP
setting knob for the overcurrent 0.5 2.5
stage I> Display step push-button
0.5
LED indicator and operate t > [ s] SG1
k
time t> or multiplier k setting 0.05 1.0
1
2
knob for the overcurrent stage I> 3
4 Selector switchgroup SG1
5
0.35 6
7
LED indicator and start value I o> 8
In LED indicator of the
setting knob for the earth-fault 0.1 0.8
0 1

stage I0> selector switchgroup

RESET
0.5
LED indicator and operate Reset push-button
t o > [ s]
time t0> or multiplier k0 ko
0.05 1.0
setting knob for the earth-fault Io>
stage I0> I>
Start and operate indicators
I >>
1314

SPCJ 3C48 Module type designation

Fig. 2. Front panel of the combined overcurrent and earth-fault relay module SPCJ 3C48

Start and The overcurrent stages I> and I>> have a com- When one of the protection stages has operated
operation mon yellow/red LED-indicator and the earth- the LED indicators on the upper part of the
indicators fault stage I0> a separate yellow/red LED indi- front panel indicates which current has ex-
cator. Yellow light indicates starting of the con- ceeded its set start current value.
cerned protection stage and red light indicates
that the protection stage has operated. The self-supervision alarm indicator IRF indi-
cates that the self-supervision system has de-
The red operation indications always remain lit tected a permanent internal relay module fault.
after the fault has disappeared and the pro- The IRF indicator is lit with red light shortly
tection stage has reset. The yellow indications after the fault has been detected. At the same
can be given a self-reset or a manual reset mode time the relay module delivers a control signal to
of operation with switches SG2/4 and SG2/5. the self-supervision system output relay of the
The manual reset mode means that the indica- protection relay unit.
tor remains lit after being switched on, although
the protection stage resets. The indicators, which Additionally, in most fault cases, a fault code
have been given the manual reset mode, are showing the fault type appears on the display of
reset locally by pushing the RESET push-but- the relay module. The fault code consists of a red
ton on the front panel or by remote control over figure one (1) and a green three-digit code
the SPA bus using the command V101 or V102. number. When a fault message appears on the
display, the code number should be noted to
An unreset operation indicator does not affect facilitate trouble-shooting and repair.
the protection functions of the relay module.
The relay module is always operative, whether
the indicators have been reset or not.

6
Settings The setting values are shown by the three LED indicator below a setting knob shows that
rightmost digits of the display. When lit, the the concerned setting value is being displayed.

I>/In Start current of the overcurrent stage I> as a multiple of the rated current In of the
occupied relay energizing input. Setting range 0.5...2.5 x In

t> Operate time t> of stage I>, expressed in seconds,when the definite time characteristic
(SG2/3 = 0) is used. Three setting ranges, that is 0.05…1.00 s, 0.5…10.0 s and 5…100 s,
are available (SG2/1 and SG2/2). See section "Selector switchgroups".

k Time multiplier k, when inverse definite minimum time (IDMT) has been selected
(SG2/3 = 1). Setting range 0.05…1.00. See section "Selector switchgroups".

I0>/In Start current of the earth-fault stage I0> as a multiple of the rated current In of the
occupied relay energizing input. Setting range 0.1...0.8 x In

t 0> Operate time t0> of stage I0>, expressed in seconds,when the definite time characteristic
(SG2/8 = 0) is used. Three setting ranges, that is 0.05…1.00 s, 0.5…10.0 s and 5…100 s,
are available (SG2/6 and SG2/7). See section "Selector switchgroups".

k0 Time multiplier k0, when inverse definite minimum time (IDMT) has been selected.
(SG2/8 = 1). Setting range 0.05…1.00. See section "Selector switchgroups".

I>>/In Start current of the overcurrent stage I>>. Setting range 2.5…17.5 x In and ∞, infinite
(switch SG1/6 = 0) and 0.5…3.5 x In and ∞, infinite (SG1/6 = 1). Eight setting values
selectable within the setting range (SG1/1, SG1/2 and SG1/3). The high-set over-
current stage I>> is out of function, when switches SG1/1…3 all are in position 1.

t>> Operate time t>> of stage I>>. Four preset values, 50 ms, 150 ms, 300 ms and 500 ms,
are available (SG1/7 and SG1/8). See section "Selector switchgroups".

Further, the checksum of the selector switch- vidual switches work properly. An example of
group SG1 is indicated on the display when the how the checksum is calculated is given in
LED indicator under the switchgroup is lit. In manual "General characteristics of C-type relay
this way a check can be carried out to prove that modules".
the switchgroup has been set and that the indi-

7
Selector switches Application-related functions and settings are group which is located in the second submenu
selected by means of the selector switches of of the checksum register of the switchgroup
switchgroups SG1 and SG2. Switchgroup SG1 SG1. The settings of switchgroup SG2 are de-
is located on the front panel of the relay module. fined by means of a checksum corresponding to
Switchgroup SG2 is a so called software switch- the settings of the switches.

Switch Function to be selected

SG1/1 Start current of the overcurrent stage I>> (See also switch SG1/6).
SG1/2 Values within brackets are valid, when switch SG1/6 = 1.
SG1/3
SG1/1 SG1/2 SG1/3 Start current x In

0 0 0 2,5 (0,5)
1 0 0 5,0 (1,0)
0 1 0 7,5 (1,5)
1 1 0 10,0 (2,0)
0 0 1 12,5 (2,5)
1 0 1 15,0 (3,0)
0 1 1 17,5 (3,5)
1 1 1 ∞, infinite

SG1/4 Latching of the operate (trip) signals TS1 and TS2.

When SG1/4 = 0, the operate signals return to normal (= the output relay resets,
when the energizing current causing the operation falls below the start level.
When SG1/4 = 1, the operate signals remain on (= output relay energized), although
the energizing current falls below the starting level. The latched operate signals are
reset by pressing the push-buttons STEP and RESET simultaneously or with the
command V101. When the STEP and RESET push-buttons are pushed the recorded
values are erased. *)

SG1/5 Automatic doubling of the set start current of the overcurrent stage I>> when the
protected object is connected to the network.
When SG1/5 = 0, no doubling of the set start current of stage I>> is obtained.
When SG1/5 = 1, the set start current of stage I>> doubles automatically. The
doubling feature makes it possible to give the overcurrent stage I>> a start current,
which is below the connection inrush current of the protected object.

SG1/6 Start current setting range of the high-set overcurrent stage I>>.
When switch SG1/6=0, the setting range is 2.5...17.5 x In and ∞, infinite.
When switch SG1/6=1, the setting range is 0.5…3.5 x In and ∞, infinite.
When the setting range 0.5…3.5 x In has been selected the relay module contains two
almost identical overcurrent stages, which, for instance, can be used for load shedding
purposes. The high-set stage I>> can be set out of operation by selecting the setting
∞, infinite, indicated in the display by three short dashes, - - -.

SG1/7 Operate time t>> of the high-set overcurrent stage I>>

SG1/8
SG1/7 SG1/8 Operate time t>>
0 0 50 ms
1 0 150 ms
0 1 300 ms
1 1 500 ms

*) From the program version 087 B and later an additional switchgroup (SG3) has been
incorporated into the relay module. When the latching function is used the latched output can
be reset by pushing the RESET button alone, if SG3/3=1, or by pushing the STEP button alone,
if SG3/2=1, in which case the stored information of the module is not erased.
8
Switch Function

SG2/1 Selection of definite time / inverse definite minimum time characteristic for the
SG2/2 overcurrent stage I> (SG2/3). At definite time characteristic the setting range of the
SG2/3 operate time t> is selected with switches SG2/1 and SG2/2. At inverse time
characteristic the time/current curves are chosen with switches SG2/1 and SG2/2.

SG2/1 SG2/2 SG2/3 Characteristic Operate time t> or

time/current curves

0 0 0 Definite time 0,05...1,00 s

1 0 0 Definite time 0,5...10,0 s
0 1 0 Definite time 0,5...10,0 s
1 1 0 Definite time 5...100 s
0 0 1 Inverse time Extremely inverse
1 0 1 Inverse time Very inverse
0 1 1 Inverse time Normal inverse
1 1 1 Inverse time Long time inverse

SG2/4 Selection of manual reset or self-reset mode of operation for the yellow start
SG2/5 indicators.

When switch SG2/4 = 0, the combined start indicator of the I> and I>> stages is self-
reset after the energizing current has fallen below the set start current level.
When switch SG2/4 = 1, the combined start indicator of the I> and I>> stages has to
be manually reset, after the energizing current has fallen below the set start current
level.
When switch SG2/5 = 0, the start indicator of the I0> stage is self-reset after the
energizing current has fallen below the set start current level.
When switch SG2/5 = 1, the start indicator of the I0> stage has to be manually reset,
after the energizing current has fallen below the set start current level.

The start and operation indicators are reset with the RESET push-button or via the
SPA bus using the commands V101 tai V102.

SG2/6 Selection of definite time / inverse definite minimum time characteristic for the
SG2/7 earth-fault stage I0> (SG2/8). At definite time characteristic the setting range of the
SG2/8 operate time t0> is selected with switches SG2/6 ja SG2/7. At inverse time charac-
teristic the time/current curves are chosen with switches SG2/6 and SG2/7.

SG2/6 SG2/7 SG2/8 Characteristic Operate time t0> or

time/current curves

0 0 0 Definite time 0.05...1.00 s

1 0 0 Definite time 0.5...10.0 s
0 1 0 Definite time 0.5...10. 0 s
1 1 0 Definite time 5...100 s
0 0 1 Inverse time Extremely inverse
1 0 1 Inverse time Very inverse
0 1 1 Inverse time Normal inverse
1 1 1 Inverse time Long-time inverse

9
 Switchgroup SG3 is a so called software switch- buttons STEP and RESET can be programmed
group, which is located in the fourth submenu with switches SG3/1…3. Switches SG3/4…8
of switchgroup SG1. The front panel push- are not in use. The default value for SG3 is 0.

SG3/1 SG3/2 SG3/3 Push-button Clear Reset Erase

start/trip latched memorized
LED's relays values

STEP
0 0 0 RESET x
STEP & RESET x x x
STEP x
1 0 0 RESET x
STEP & RESET x x x
STEP x x
0 1 0 RESET x
STEP & RESET x x x
STEP
0 0 1 RESET x x
STEP & RESET x x x
STEP x
1 0 1 RESET x x
STEP & RESET x x x

Further, a switchgroup SGB is located on the ule to a possible cooperating auto-reclose mod-
printed circuit board of the overcurrent and ule. For further information on the use of the
earth-fault module. The switches SGB1…3 are SGB switchgroup for a particular protection
used to route auto-reclose start initiation signals relay, see section "Signal diagram" in the user's
from the overcurrent and earth-fault relay mod- manual of the protection relay.

Measured data The measured values are displayed by the evant data measured are indicated by a lit yellow
rightmost three digits on the display. The rel- LED indicator on the front panel.

Indicator Measured value

IL1 Line current on phase L1 as a multiple of the rated current In of the occupied
energizing input.

IL3 Line current on phase L3 as a multiple of the rated current In of the occupied
energizing input.

I0 Neutral current (residual current) in the earth path as a multiple of the rated
current In of the occupied energizing input.

10
Recorded The leftmost digit of the display shows the digits show the recorded information. The ad-
information address of the register and the three rightmost dress digit is recognized by its red colour.

Register/ Recorded information

STEP

1 Maximum phase current IL1 or IL3 displayed as a multiple of the rated current In of
the occupied energizing input. The registered value is updated, if one of the
following conditions are fulfilled.
1) The measured current exceeds the value already in the register
2) The I> or I>> stage operates. At relay operation the current value at tripping
is recorded
2 Number of starts of the low-set overcurrent stage I>, n (I>) = 0...255.
3 Number of starts of the high-set overcurrent stage I>>, n (I>>) = 0...255.
4 Duration of the latest start situation of stage I> as a percentage of the set operate time
t> or at IDMT operation characteristic the calculated operate time. A new start
resets the counter which thus always contains the value from the latest start. After
the stage has operated, the counter reading is 100.
5 Duration of the latest start situation of stage I>> as a percentage of the set operate
time t>>. A new start resets the counter which thus always contains the value from
the latest start. After the stage has operated, the counter reading is 100.
6 Maximum neutral current I0> displayed as a multiple of the rated current In of the
occupied energizing input. The registered value is updated, if one of the following
conditions are fulfilled.
1) The measured current exceeds the value already in the register
2) The I0> stage operates. At relay operation the current value at tripping is
recorded
7 Number of starts of the earth-fault stage I0>, n (I0>) = 0...255.
8 Duration of the latest start situation of stage I0> as a percentage of the set operate
time t0> or at IDMT operation characteristic the calculated operate time. A new
start resets the counter which thus always contains the value from the latest start.
After the stage has operated, the counter reading is 100.
0 From this register it is possible to move to the TRIP TEST mode, where the start
and operate functions of the overcurrent and earth-fault module can be tested one
by one. For further information see manual "General characteristics of C-type relay
modules".
A Address code of the protection relay module, required by the serial communication
system. If the address code is set at zero the serial communication is out of function.
1) Selection of data transfer rate for the serial communication.
Selectable values: 300, 1200, 2400, 4800 or 9600 Bd. Default value 9600 Bd.
2) Bus communication counter. If the module is connected to a data communi-
cation device and the communication system is working, the communication
counter is 0. If the communication is interrupted, the numbers 0…255 are
rolling in the display.
3) Password required for remote setting of relay parameters

When the display is dark you can proceed to the if the auxiliary power supply to the module is
beginning of the display menu by pressing the interrupted. The address code of the relay mod-
STEP push-button once. ule, the value of the data transfer rate of the serial
communication and the password are not erased
The content of the registers 1...8 are erased by by an auxiliary voltage interruption. Instruc-
pressing push-buttons STEP and RESET si- tions for setting the address and the data transfer
multaneously or with the remote control com- rate are given in the user's manual "General
mand V102. The register values are also erased, characteristics of C-type relay modules".
11
Register The diagram below shows the main menu and ples for using the menues are described in detail
menu chart the submenus of the overcurrent and earth-fault in the user's manual "General characteristics of
relay module SPCJ 3C48. The general princi- C type relay modules".

MAIN MENU SUBMENUS

STEP 0,5 s RESET 1 s

Normal state, display dark

Phase current IL1 [x In]

B
= PARAMETER THAT CAN BE SET
A
C Phase current IL3 [x In]
K
W
A BACKWARDS 0,5 s FORWARDS 1 s
R Neutral current Io [x In] SUBMENUS
D
S
Remotely set
S Start current, stage I> [x In] 1 2 Remotely set start
percentage p1 current I> x p1 [x In]
T
E
P Operate time t> [s] or 1 Remotely set 2 Remotely set value
multiplier k, stage I> percentage p2 t> x p2 [s] or k x p2
.5
s
Remotely set
Start current, stage Io> [x In] 1
percentage p3 2 Remotely set start
current Io> x p3 [x In]
M
A
I Operate time to> [s] or Remotely set Remotely set trip
1 2
N multiplier k, stage Io> percentage p4 time to> x p4 [s]

M
Checksum, Remotely set Checksum Remote check- Checksum
E 1 2 3 4
switchgroup SG1 checksum of SG1 SG2 sum SG2 SG3
N
U
F 1 Recorded maximum phase current value [x In]
O
R
W
2 Number of starts of the low-set stage I>
A
R
D
S 3 Number of starts of the high-set stage I>>
S
T
E 4 Duration of the last start event of stage I> [s]
P

1 5 Duration of the last start event of stage I>> [s]

s

6 Recorded maximum neutral current value [x In]

7 Number of starts of the earth-fault stage Io>

8 Duration of the last start event of stage Io> [s]

SS1 TS1 SS2 TS2

0 Register not in use (000) 0 000 IRF

Relay module Data transfer Bus communication Communication

A 1 2 3
address code rate [Bd] monitor 0…255 password

12
Inverse time The operation of the low-set overcurrent stage The characteristics are defined by the values of
characteristic I> and the earth-fault stage I0> is based on the constants α and β as follows:
curves definite time characteristic or inverse time char-
(modified 2002-05) acteristic, as selected by the user. The operation Characteristic α β
characteristic of the overcurrent stage is selected curve set
with switches SG2/1…3 and that of the earth-
fault stage with switches SG2/6…8, see also Normal inverse 0,02 0,14
section "Selection switches". Very inverse 1,0 13,5
Extremely inverse 2,0 80,0
When the inverse time characteristic is chosen Long-time inverse 1,0 120,0
the operate time is a function of the magnitude
of the current: the higher the current the shorter According to the standard BS 142 of 1966 the
the operate time.The relationship between cur- normal current range is defined as 2...20 times
rent and time complies with the standards IEC the setting. Additionally the relay must start at
60255-3 and is generally expressed as: the latest when the measured current exceeds
1.3 times the set start current, when the time/
k x β current characteristic is normal inverse, very
t= [s]
I α inverse or extremely inverse. At long-time in-
( )
I(0)> - 1 verse characteristic, the normal range according
to the standard is 2...7 times the set start current
t = operate time in seconds and the relay is to start when the current exceeds
k = time multiplier 1.1 times the set start current.
I = measured current
I(0)> = set current
The following requirements with regard to op-
The overcurrent stage and the earth-fault stage erate time tolerances are specified in the stand-
both have four selectable operation charac- ard, where E denotes accuracy in per cent, - = not
teristics; normal inverse, very inverse, extremely specified:
inverse and long-time inverse.

I/I> Normal inverse Very inverse Extremely inverse Long-time inverse

I0/I0>

2 2.22 E 2.34 E 2.44 E 2.34 E

5 1.13 E 1.26 E 1.48 E 1.26 E
7 - - - 1.00 E
10 1.01 E 1.01 E 1.02 E -
20 1.00 E 1.00 E 1.00 E -

In the normal current range defined above the Note.

overcurrent and earth-fault relay module SPCJ The actual operate time of the relay, presented
3C48 complies with the tolerances of class 5 for in the graphs in Fig. 3…6, includes an addi-
all four characteristics. The characteristic curves tional filter and detection time plus the operate
specified in the standards are illustrated in Figs. time of the trip output relay. When the operate
3, 4, 5 and 6. time of the relay is calculated using the math-
ematical expression above, these additional times
of about 30 ms in total have to be added to the
time received.

13
Time-current
curves of the t/s
combined over- 70

current and earth- 60

fault relay module 50

SPCJ 3C48 40

30

20

10
9
8
7
6
5

1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3
k

0.2 1.0

0.8

0.6

0.1 0.4
0.09
0.08 0.3
0.07
0.2
0.06
0.05
0.1
0.04
0.05
0.03

0.02
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 I/I>

Fig. 3. Extremely inverse characteristic

I = measured current
I(0)>= set start current
t = operate time
k = time multiplier

14
 t/s
70
60
50

40

30

20

10
9
8
7
6
5

1
0.9
0.8 k
0.7 1.0
0.9
0.6
0.8
0.5 0.7
0.6
0.4
0.5
0.3 0.4

0.3
0.2

0.2

0.1
0.09 0.1
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.05

0.04

0.03

0.02
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 I/I>

Fig. 4. Very inverse characteristic

I = measured current
I(0)>= set start current
t = operate time
k = time multiplier

15
 t/s
70
60
50

40

30

20

10
9
8
7
6
5

3 k

1.0
2 0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
1
0.9 0.4
0.8
0.7 0.3
0.6
0.5
0.2
0.4

0.3

0.1
0.2

0.05

0.1
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05

0.04

0.03

0.02
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 I/I>

Fig. 5. Normal inverse characteristic

I = measured current
I(0)>= set start current
t = operate time
k = time multiplier

16
 t/s
700
600
500

400

300

200

100
90
80
70
60
50

40

30

20

10
9
8
k
7
1.0
6 0.9
5 0.8
0.7
4
0.6
0.5
3
0.4

2
0.3

0.2

1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.1
0.6
0.5

0.4
0.05
0.3

0.2
I/I>
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20

Fig. 6. Long-time inverse characteristic

I = measured current
I(0)>= set start current
t = operate time
k = time multiplier

17
Technical data Low-set overcurrent stage I>
Start current range 0.5…2.5 x In
Start time, typically 55 ms
Operate time at definite time
characteristic 0.05…1.00 s,
0.5…10.0 s or
5…100 s
Time-current curves at inverse time
characteristic Extremely inverse
Very inverse
Normal inverse
Long-time inverse
Time multiplier k 0.05…1.00
Reset time, typically 65 ms
Retardation time <30 ms
Drop-off/pick-up ratio, typically 0.97
Operate time accuracy at definite time
characteristic ±2% of set value or ±25 ms
Operate time accuracy class E at
inverse time characteristic 5
Operation accuracy ±3% of set value

High-set overcurrent stage I>>

Start current range 2.5…17.5 x In and ∞, infinite or
0.5…3.5 x In and ∞, infinite
Start time, typically 40 ms
Operate time 50, 150, 300 or 500 ms
Reset time, typically 50 ms
Retardation time <30 ms
Drop-off/pick-up ratio, typically 0.97
Operate time accuracy ±2% of set value or ±25 ms
Operation accuracy ±3% of set value

Earth-fault stage I0>

Start current range 0.1…0.8 x In
Start time, typically 45 ms
Operate time at definite time
characteristic 0.05…1.00 s,
0.5…10.0 s or
5…100 s
Time-current curves at inverse time
characteristic Extremely inverse
Very inverse
Normal inverse
Long-time inverse
Time multiplier k 0.05…1.00
Reset time, typically 55 ms
Retardation time <30 ms
Drop-off/pick-up ratio, typically 0,98
Operate time accuracy at definite time
characteristic ±2% of set value or ±25 ms
Operate time accuracy class E at
inverse time characteristic 5
Operation accuracy ±5% of set value

18
Event codes The events of the overcurrent and earth-fault and by adding the products. If, for example, the
relay module SPCJ 3C48, that is, start and events E1, E3, E5, E7, E9, E11, that is all start
operation information, can be read via the SPA and operation events but no reset events of the
bus by a substation level data communication protection stages are to be included in the re-
device, for instance, type SRIO 1000M. On porting, the event mask would be 1 x 1 + 1 x 4
request the relay module transmits its event + 1 x 16 + 1 x 64 + 1 x 256 + 1 x 1024 = 1365.
information in the form: time (ss.sss) and event
code. The event codes in conjunction with the The event mask takes a value within the range
overcurrent and earth-fault module SPCJ 3C48 0…4095. The default value of the event mask
are E1…E12, E50 and E51. Additional event for the overcurrent and earth-fault relay module
codes, i.e. E52…E54, are generated by the data SPCJ 3C48 is 1365. The events represented by
communication device. These event codes the event codes E50…E54 cannot be excluded
mainly relate to the performance of the data from the event reporting.
communication system.
The buffer storage can hold eight events at a
The events representing the event codes time. If new events are generated before earlier
E1…E12 can be included in or excluded from events have been transmitted to the communi-
the event reporting by writing, via the SPA bus, cation device, the capacity of the buffer storage
an event mask number to parameter V155 of the may be exceeded and an overflow event E51 will
relay module. Each event E1…E12 is repre- be generated. The event E51 is reset via the SPA
sented by a weighting factor from the series 1, 2, bus by writing a value 0 to the relay module
4, 8, …, 2048. The event mask is formed by status parameter C.
multiplying the above weighting factors by ei-
ther 0 = event excluded from the event reporting The event codes of the combined overcurrent
or by 1 = event included in the event reporting, and earth-fault relay module SPCJ 3C48 are:

Code Event Weighting Default

factor selection

E1 Starting of stage I> 1 1

E2 Resetting of starting of stage I> 2 0
E3 Operation of stage I> 4 1
E4 Resetting of operation of stage I> 8 0
E5 Starting of stage I>> 16 1
E6 Resetting of starting of stage I>> 32 0
E7 Operation of stage I>> 64 1
E8 Resetting of operation of stage I>> 128 0
E9 Starting of stage I0> 256 1
E10 Resetting of starting of stage I 0> 512 0
E11 Operation of stage I0> 1024 1
E12 Resetting of operation of stage I0> 2048 0

Checksum Σ 1365

E50 Restarting of microprocessor * -

E51 Overflow of event register * -
E52 Temporary data communication disturbance * -
E53 No response from the relay module over the SPA bus * -
E54 Relay module responds again over the SPA bus * -

0 not included in the event reporting Note!

1 included in the event reporting In the SPACOM system the events E52…E54
* no weighting factor are generated by the substation level communi-
- cannot be programmed cation device, for instance, type SRIO 1000M.

19
Remote transfer Apart from the event codes (E events) the sub- to be written in the communication instruc-
data station level communication device is capable of tions.
reading, via the SPA bus, all input data (=I data),
set values (=S data), recorded values (=V data) R = data can be read from the relay module
and some other data from the relay module. W = data can be written to the relay module
Some of the data can also be altered by com- (P) = password and alerted main settings
mands given via the SPA bus. Any information (V150 = 0) required for writing.
is available on the 0 channel which does not have

Data Code Data Value or status

direct.

Current on phase L1 as a multiple I1 R 0…63 [x In]

of the rated current
Current on phase L3 as a multiple I2 R 0…63 [x In]
of the rated current
Neutral current I0 as a multiple of I3 R 0…21 [x In]
the rated current
Starting of overcurrent stage I> O1 R 0 = Stage I> has not started
1 = Stage I> has started
Operation of stage I> O2 R 0 = Stage I> has not operated
1 = Stage I> has operated
Starting of overcurrent stage I>> O3 R 0 = Stage I>> has not started
1 = Stage I>> has started
Operation of stage I>> O4 R 0 = Stage I>> has not operated
1 = Stage I>> has operated
Starting of earth-fault stage I0> O5 R 0 = Stage I0> has not started
1 = Stage I0> has started
Operation of stage I0> O6 R 0 = Stage I0> has not operated
1 = Stage I0> has operated
Operation signal TS1 O7 R 0 = signal not active
1 = signal active
Operation signal TS2 O8 R 0 = signal not active
1 = signal active
Alerted settings

Alerted start current I> of the S1 R 0.5…2.5 [x In]

low-set overcurrent stage I>
Alerted operate time t> or time multi- S2 R 0.05…100 [s] or
plier k of the overcurrent stage I> 0.05…1.00
Alerted start current I0> of the S3 R 0.1…0.8 [x In]
earth-fault stage
Alerted operate time t0> or time multi- S4 R 0.05…100 [s] or
plier k0 of the earth-fault stage I0> 0.05…1.00
Alerted checksum of switchgroup SG1 S5 R 0…255
Alerted checksum of switchgroup SG2 S6 R 0…255

Main settings

Start current I> of stage I>, S11 R 0.5…2.5 [x In]

set with the setting knob
Operate time t> or time multiplier k of S12 R 0.05…100 [s] or
stage I>, set with the setting knob 0.05…1.00
Start current I0> of stage I0>, S13 R 0.1…0.8 [x In]
set with the setting knob
Operate time t0> or time multiplier k0 S14 R 0.05…100 [s] or
stage I0>, set with the setting knob 0.05…1.00
Checksum of switchgroup SG1, S15 R 0…255
set with the selector switches
Checksum of switchgroup SG2 S16 R,W(P) 0…255
20
Data Code Data Value or status
direct.

Remote settings

Remote setting percentage p1 of the S21 R,W(P) 0…999 [%]

start current of stage I>
Remote setting percentage p2 of the S22 R,W(P) 0…999 [%]
operate time t> or time multiplier k
of stage I>
Remote setting percentage p3 of the S23 R,W(P) 0…999 [%]
start current of stage I0>
Remote setting percentage p4 of the S24 R,W(P) 0…999 [%]
operate time t0> or time multiplier k0
of stage I0>
Remote setting of checksum of S25 R,W(P) 0…255
switchgroup SG1
Remote setting of checksum of S26 R,W(P) 0…255
switchgroup SG2

Remote setting of start current I> S31 R 0.5…2.5 [x In]

of overcurrent stage I>
Remote setting of operate time t> or S32 R 0.05…100 [s] or
time multiplier k of overcurrent stage I> 0.05…1.00
Remote setting of start current I0> S33 R 0.1…0.8 [x In]
of earth-fault stage I0> 999 = ∞, infinite
Remote setting of operate time t0> or S34 R 0.05…100 [s] or
time multiplier k0 of earth-fault stage I0> 0.05…1.00
Remote setting of checksum of S35 R 0…255
switchgroup SG1
Remote setting of checksum of S36 R 0…255
switchgroup SG2

Recorded values

Max. measured phase current value or V1 R 0…63 [x In]

phase current value at relay operation
Number of starts of stage I> V2 R 0…255
Number of starts of stage I>> V3 R 0…255
Duration of latest start of stage I> V4 R 0…100 [%]
Duration of latest start of stage I>> V5 R 0…100 [%]
Max. measured neutral current value or V6 R 0…21 [x In]
phase current value at relay operation
Number of starts of stage I0> V7 R 0…255
Duration of latest start of stage I0> V8 R 0…100 [%]
Data from previous relay operation V9 R see table on page 22
in coded form

21
 Data Code Data Value or status
direct.

Control parameters

Remote resetting of latched output V101 W 1 = output relays and operation

relays and operation indicators indicators are reset
Remote resetting of latched output V102 W 1 = output relays and operation
relays and operation indicators, indicators are reset, recor-
erasing of recorded data ded data erased
(codes V1...V9)
Remote control of settings V150 R,W 0 = main settings S11…S16
alerted
1 = remote settings S31…S36
alerted
Event mask V155 R,W 0…255, see section "Event
codes"
Programming push-buttons V157 R, W 0…7

Opening password for remote V160 W 1…999

setting of relay module parameters
Renaming or closing password for V161 W(P) 0…999
remote setting of module parameters
Activation of self-supervision output V165 W 1 = self-supervision output is
activated and IRF indicator
switched on in about 5 s,
whereafter the self-super-
vision system and the IRF
indicator reset
Internal relay fault code V169 R 0...255
Address code of relay module V200 W 1...254
Program version code V205 R E.g. 087 A

Relay module type designation F R SPCJ 3C48

Reading of event register L R Time, channel number and
event code
Re-reading of event register B R Time, channel number and
event code
Reading of relay module status data C R 0 = normal status
1 = module has been subject
to automatic reset
2 = overflow of event register
3 = events 1 and 2 together
Resetting of module status data C W 0 = resetting
Clock time reading and setting T R,W 00.000...59.999 [s]

The data transfer codes L, B, C and T have been currently used by the relay module. These values
reserved for the event data transfer between the may originally have been set by means of the
relay module and the substation level communi- setting knobs and selector switches or by remote
cation device. control. The main settings S11...S16 are given
with the setting knobs and the selector switches
The event register can be read only once by the of the relay module. The values S21...S24 are
L command. Should a fault occur, for instance, percentage factors to be multiplied by the set
in the data transfer, it is possible, by using the B values given with the setting knobs. The settings
command, to re-read the contents of the event S21...S26 can be both read and written. A
register once read by means of the L command. condition for writing is that the password, V160,
When required the B command can be re- for remote setting has been opened and the
peated. Normally the event register is empty. potentiometer settings are alerted, V150=0. The
variables S31...S36 contain the actual remotely
Parameters S1...S6 contain the alerted set values set values.
22
 The remote setting percentage of variables For instance when V9 = 3 (1 + 2), the low-set
S21...S24 can be given a percentage value within current stage I> has operated (tripped) on over-
the range 0...999. This means that certain pa- current on phases L1 and L3. If V9 = 1 the relay
rameters can be given set values outside the has operated on overcurrent on phase L3.
limits of the specified setting range. However,
proper operation of the relay is guaranteed only The content of register V9 is composed of three
for set values within the limits of the setting separate parts, one for each protection stage. If,
range specified in section "Technical data". for instance, the low-set overcurrent stage I>
operates only the first part of the register is
After operation the phase or relay stage involved updated, that is fault codes 1 and 2. Corre-
is indicated by a value stored in variable V9. The spondingly, if the earth-fault stage I0> operates
same information is shown by the LED indica- the second part of the register is updated and if
tors of the relay module, see section "Start and the high-set overcurrent stage I>> operates the
operation indicators". third part of the register is updated.

The coding of the fault data of the combined Register V9 can be set to zero either by pressing
overcurrent and earth-fault relay module is ex- push-buttons STEP and RESET simultaneously
plained in the following table: or by writing number 1 to variable V102 via the
SPA bus.
Fault Fault code
Activation of the self-supervision system(V165)
Overcurrent stage I>, over- prevents the relay from operating as long as the
current on phase L3 1 self-supervision system is activated and the IRF
Overcurrent stage I>, over- indicator is lit.
current on phase L1 2
Earth-fault stage I0>, over-
current on earth path 4
Overcurrent stage I>>, over-
current on phase L3 8
Overcurrent stage I>>, over-
current on phase L1 16

Fault codes Shortly after the self-supervision system has and a green, one-, two- or three-digit code
detected a permanent internal fault the red fault number. It is recommended that the fault code
indicator IRF on the relay module front panel is number is noted down and passed forward to
lit. At the same time the self-supervision system the service shop when overhaul and repair of a
generates a control signal to the output relay of faulty relay module is ordered.
the self-supervision system. Further, in most
fault situations a self-diagnostic fault code is The combined overcurrent and earth-fault re-
shown on the display of the relay module. The lay module SPCJ 3C48 displays the following
fault code is composed of a red figure one (1) fault codes:

Fault code Fault specification

4 Trip signal path broken or output relay module missing

30 Faulty program memory (ROM)
50 Faulty random access memory (RAM)
195 Too low a value on the reference channel with multiplier 1
131 Too low a value on the reference channel with multiplier 5
67 Too low a value on the reference channel with multiplier 25
203 Too high a value on the reference channel with multiplier 1
139 Too high a value on the reference channel with multiplier 5
75 Too high a value on the reference channel with multiplier 25
253 No interruptions from the D/A converter

23
General characteristics of
C-type relay modules
User´s manual and Technical description

B
I >
I >>

I L1 I L2 I L3 IRF
Self-supervision alarm indicator
Indicators for measured values (Internal Relay Fault)

Display, 1 + 3 digits
STEP 1.5
I>
Setting knob 1 In STEP
with indicator 0.5 2.5
Step push-button (STEP)
Stage 1 0.5
t > [ s] SG1
Setting knob 2 k
1
with indicator 0.05 1.0 2
3
4
5
Programming switches SG1
13 6
7
I >>
Setting knob 3 20 8
In
with indicator 2.5
0 1
Switchgroup indicator
RESET
Stage 2
0.5
Reset push-button (RESET)
Setting knob 4 t >> [ s ]
with indicator 0.04 1.0
I> I >>

Start/operation indicators
1309

SPCJ 3C3
1MRS 750328-MUM EN
General characteristics of
Issued 96-02-19
Version A (replaces 34 SPC 2 EN1)
Checked L-W U
C-type relay modules
Approved TK

Data subject to change without notice

Contents Push-buttons .................................................................................................................. 2

Programming switches SG1 ............................................................................................ 2
Setting knobs .................................................................................................................. 3
Display ........................................................................................................................... 3
Display main menu ................................................................................................... 3
Display submenu ....................................................................................................... 4
Setting mode ............................................................................................................. 4
Example: Operation in setting mode ......................................................................... 5
Stored information .................................................................................................... 6
Trip-test mode........................................................................................................... 7
Example: Trip-test function ...................................................................................... 8
Operation indicators ....................................................................................................... 9
Fault codes...................................................................................................................... 9

Push-buttons The front panel of the relay module contains settings, e.g. for setting the address of the relay
two push-buttons. The STEP button is used for module and the data transfer rate for the serial
stepping forward in the display and the RESET communication when the modules are used in
button for resetting the red indicators. Addi- relay packages provided with this quality. (See
tionally, the push-buttons are used for certain section Display).

Programming Part of the settings and the selections of the checksum of the switchgroup is shown on the
switches SG1 operating characteristics for the relay modules display. The checksum can be used for checking
in various applications are made with the pro- that the switches are properly set. Fig. 2 gives an
gramming switches SG1 on the front panel. The example of calculating the checksum.
indicator of the switchgroup glows when the

Fig. 2. Example of calculating the checksum of programming switchgroup SG1.

When the checksum calculated according to the The function of the programming switches of
example is equal to the checksum indicated on the individual measuring relay modules is speci-
the display of the relay module, the switches are fied in the description of the module concerned.
properly set.

2
Setting knobs Most of the operating values and operating In addition to the settings made with the setting
times are set by means of the setting knobs on knobs, most modules allow so called remote
the front panel of the relay module. Each setting setting. This means that the settings made by
knob has its own (LED) indicator which glows means of the setting knobs of the module and
when the concerned setting value is shown on the checksum of the programming switchgroup
the display. may be altered through an instruction over the
serial communication bus. Remote setting is
If a setting knob is turned while the display is possible if the password in the register A is
showing another measured or set value, the known, and the remote settings are not acti-
value being set automatically appears on the vated, i.e. parameter V150=0. The circumstance
display. Simultaneously, the indicator for the that the remote settings are activated is shown
concerned setting starts glowing. with a flashing light of the indicator of the
setting knob, the value of which currently is
being displayed.

Display The measured and set values as well as the data When the auxiliary voltage is connected to a
recorded are shown on the display of the meas- measuring relay module, the module initially
uring relay module. The display consists of four tests the display by stepping through the digits
digits. The three digits (green) to the right 1...9 for about 15 seconds. When the test is
indicate the measured, set or stored value and finished the display turns dark. The testing can
the digit at the extreme left (red) the number of be interrupted by pressing the STEP button.
the register. The measured or set value displayed The protective functions of the module are
is indicated by a yellow LED indicator. The operative throughout the testing.
number of the register glows only when a stored
value is displayed.

Display main menu All the data required during normal operating From a dark display only forward movement is
conditions are accessible from the main menu possible. When keeping the STEP button de-
which presents the measured values in real-time, pressed, the display is continuously moving in
the normal setting knob settings as well as the forward direction stopping for a while at the
most important memorized data. dark point.

The data to be shown in the main menu are Unless the display is switched off by stepping to
selected to the display in a certain sequence by the dark point, it remains activated for about 5
means of the STEP button. When pressing the minutes from the last pressing of the STEP
STEP button for about one second, the display button and then goes out.
moves forward in the display sequence. When
pressing it for about 0.5 seconds, the display
moves backwards in the display sequence.

3
Display submenu Less important values and values not very often display moves forward when pressing the STEP
set are displayed in the submenus. The number button for one second and backward when
of submenus varies with different relay module pressing it for 0.5 seconds. The return to the
types. The submenus are presented in the de- main menu has taken place when the red STEP
scription of the concerned module. display turns dark.

A submenu is entered from the main menu by When entering a submenu from a measured or
pressing the RESET button for about one sec- set value indicated by a LED indicator, the
ond. When the button thereafter is released, the indicator remains glowing and the address win-
red digit (STEP) of the display starts flashing, dow (STEP) of the display starts flashing. A
indicating that one is in a submenu. Going from flashing address window when no LED indica-
one submenu to another or back to the main tor is lit indicates that the submenu of a register
menu follows the same principle as when mov- has been entered.
ing from the main menu display to another; the

Fig. 3. Example of the main and submenus for the settings of the overcurrent relay module SPCJ
3C3. The settings made with the setting knobs are in the main menu and they are displayed by
pressing the STEP button. In addition to the setting knob settings the main menu contains the
measured current values as well as the registers 1…5, as well as 0 and A. The remote setting
percentage and remote setting value are located in the submenus for the settings and are activated
on the display by pressing the RESET button.

Setting mode The registers of the main menu and the submenus pressed slightly in excess of the STEP button.
also contain parameters to be set. The settings Return from the setting mode to the main menu
are made in the so called setting mode, which is or submenu is possible by pressing (for about 10
accessible from the main menu or a submenu by s) the RESET button until the green digits on
pressing the RESET button, until the digit at the display stop flashing. If the module is left in
the extreme right starts flashing (about 10 s). the setting mode, it will return automatically to
The flashing digit is set by means of the STEP the start condition after about 5 minutes.
button. The flashing is moved on from digit to
digit by pressing the RESET button. The values to be set in the setting mode are for
instance the address code of the relay module
A set value is stored in the memory by pressing and the data transfer rate for the serial commu-
the push-buttons STEP and RESET simultane- nication. Further the percentage values for the
ously. In practice the RESET button must be remote settings can be changed.

4
Example 1: Function in the setting mode. Manual setting of g)
the address code of a relay module and the data Set the digit by means of the STEP button.
transfer rate for the serial communication. The
initial value for the address code is 146.

a)
Press push-button STEP until register address A
appears on the display. h)
Store the set address number in the memory of
the relay module by pressing the RESET and
STEP button simultaneously. At the moment
the information enters the memory, the three
green dashes flash in the display, i.e. A—.

b)
Press the RESET button for about 10 s until the
right most digit starts flashing.

i)
Leave the setting mode by pressing the RESET
button for about 10 s, until the display stops
flashing.
c)
Press the STEP button repeatedly to set the digit
to the value desired.

j)
Then enter submenu 1 of register A by pressing
the RESET button for approx. one second. The
d) register address A is then replaced by a flashing
Press the RESET button to make the middle of 1. This submenu is used for setting the data
the green digits flash. transfer rate of the serial communication.

e) k)
Set the middle address digit by means of the The data transfer rate for the serial communica-
STEP button. tion is set and stored in the same way as the
address, see sections b...i, except that the con-
tinuously glowing register address has been re-
placed by a flashing 1.

l)
After storing the data transfer rate for the serial
f) communication you may return to the main
Press the RESET button to make the left most menu of register A by pressing the STEP button
green digit flash. for about 0.5 second.

5
Stored information The parameter values measured at the moment Register A contains the address code of the relay
when a fault occurs are recorded in the registers, module as required by the serial communication
in some modules also the setting values. The system. Example 1 on page 4 shows how the
recorded data, except for some setting param- address code is altered. Submenu 1 of register A
eters, are set to zero by pressing the push- contains the data transfer rate value expressed in
buttons STEP and RESET simul-taneously. kilobaud for the serial communication.
The data in normal registers are erased if the
auxiliary voltage supply to the relay is disrupted, Submenu 2 of register A contains a bus traffic
only the set values and the number of monitor for the SPACOM system. If the protec-
autoreclosings are maintained in the registers at tive relay, which contains the relay module, is
a voltage failure. linked to a system including the control data
communicator and the data communication
The number of the registers varies with different system is operating, the counter reading of the
module types. The function of the registers are monitor will be zero. Otherwise the digits 1...255
illustrated in the descriptions of the separate are continuously rolling in the monitor.
relay modules. Additionally, the system panel
contains a simplified list of the data recorded by Submenu 3 contains the password required for
the various relay modules of the relay assembly. changing the remote settings. The address code,
the data transfer rate for the serial communica-
All C-type relay modules are provided with two tion and the password can be set manually or via
general registers: register 0 and register A. the serial communication bus. For manual set-
ting see example 1.
Register 0 contains, in coded form, the informa-
tion about e.g. external blocking signals and The start value for the address code and the
status information for the circuit breaker. The password is 001 and that for the data transfer
codes are explained in the descriptions of the rate 9.6 kilobaud.
relay modules.

6
Trip-test mode Register 0 also allows access to the so called The selected starting or tripping is activated by
Trip-test function, which allows the output simultaneous pressing of the push-buttons STEP
signals of the relay module to be activated one by and RESET. The signal remains activated as
one. If the auxiliary relay module of the protec- long as the two push-buttons are being pressed.
tion assembly is in place, the auxiliary relays will
be included in the testing. The self-supervision output is activated by press-
ing the STEP button once when no setting knob
When pressing the RESET button for about 10 indicator is flashing. The IRF output is acti-
seconds, the three green digits to the right start vated in about 5 seconds after pressing of the
flashing to indicate that the relay module is in STEP button, and resets after that. Simultane-
test position. The indicators of the setting knobs ously, the display returns to the main menu and
indicate by flashing which output signal can be performs the initial testing indicated by rolling
activated. The required output function is se- digits 0...9 in the display several times.
lected by pressing the RESET button for about
1 second, until the following LED indicator The signals are selected in the order illustrated in
starts flashing. fig. 4.

The indicators of the setting knobs refer to the

following output signals:
Setting knob 1 SS1 Starting of stage 1
Setting knob 2 TS1 Tripping of stage 1
Setting knob 3 SS2 Starting of stage 2
Setting knob 4 TS2 Tripping of stage 2
No indication IRF Self-supervision

IRF SS1 TS1 SS2 TS2

REGISTER 0
RESET RESET RESET RESET RESET RESET
10 s 1s 1s 1s 1s 1s

STEP STEP+ STEP+ STEP+ STEP+

RESET RESET RESET RESET

Fig. 4. Sequence order for selecting the output signals in the Trip-test mode.

If e.g. the indicator of the setting knob 2 (second Trip-test sequence scheme, by pressing the
from the top) is flashing, and the push-buttons RESET button for about 10 seconds. If the
STEP and RESET are being pressed, the signal module is left in the Trip-test mode, it will
TS1 (tripping of stage 1) is activated. Return to return automatically after approx. 5 minutes.
the main menu is possible at any stage of the

7
Example 2: Trip-test function. Forced activation of the out- d)
puts is made as follows: Press the RESET button for about 1 second
until the indicator of the second setting knob
starts flashing.
a)
Step forward on the display to register 0.

e)
Press the push-buttons RESET and STEP si-
multaneously to activate tripping of stage 1 (e.g.
b) the I>-stage of the overcurrent module SPCJ
Press the RESET button for about 10 seconds 3C3). The indicator of the concerned stage
until the three green digits to the right and the starts glowing red.
LED indicator of the uppermost setting knob
start flashing.

f)
Starting and tripping of the second stage is
c) activated in the same way as stage 1. The indica-
Press the push-buttons RESET and STEP si- tor of the third or fourth setting starts flashing to
multaneously. Then the starting of stage 1 (e.g. indicate that the concerned stage has been acti-
the I>-stage of the overcurrent module SPCJ vated.
3C3) is activated and, simultaneously, the indi-
cator of the stage starts glowing yellow. g)
To activate the self-supervision output step to-
wards the test position, where no indicator is
flashing. Press the STEP button once. In about
5 seconds the red IRF indicator starts glowing
and the IRF output is activated. Shortly thereaf-
ter the indicator goes out and the output auto-
matically resets. At the same time the module
leaves the test position.

h)
It is possible to leave the trip test mode at any
step of the sequence scheme by pressing the
RESET button for about 10 seconds until the
three digits to the right stop flashing.

8
Operation A measuring relay module is provided with two The operation indicator starts glowing yellow
indicators separate operating stages, each of which with its when the operating stage starts and red when a
own yellow/red operation indicator on the lower delayed tripping operates. The functions of the
part of the front plate of the relay module. start and operation indicators are described in
detail in the different protection relay module
manuals.

Fault codes In addition to the protective functions the relay In most fault situations a fault code, indicating
module is provided with a self-supervision sys- the nature of the fault, appears on the display of
tem which continuously supervises the function the module. The fault code, which consists of a
of the microprocessor, its program execution red digit (1) and a three digit green code number,
and the electronics. cannot be removed from the display by reset-
ting. When a fault occurs, the fault code should
When the self-supervision system has detected a be recorded and stated when service is ordered.
permanent fault in the relay module, the red
IRF indicator on the panel starts glowing soon
after the fault was discovered. At the same time
the module puts forward a signal to the self-
supervision contact of the relay assembly.

9
 1MRS 750811-MUM EN

ABB Oy
Substation Automation
P.O.Box 699
FIN-65101 VAASA
Finland
Tel. +358 (0)10 22 11
Fax.+358 (0)10 22 41094
www.abb.com/substationautomation