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‫آزﻣﻮن آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﻤﻮ‬

Complete Test 1 Reading | Version 2.0

 Audio File: Available

 Answer Key: Available

 Audio Script: Available

Complete TEST 1 Reading | VERSION 2.0 | 2015

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‫آزﻣون آزﻣﺎﯾﺷﯽ ﺗوﻟﯾﻣو‬

Questions 1-12 refer to the following passage. 3. An example of a taxon would be

The reasons for the extinction of a species (A) a phylum
and for the rapid rates of change in our (B) the rate of environmental change
environment are currently the focus of (C) a fossil
Line much scientific research. An individual (D) studies of extinction
(5) species' susceptibility to extinction depends
on at least two things: the taxon (the bio- 4. The author compares mammals and birds to
logical group—kingdom, phylum, class, (A) mollusks and insects
order, family, or genus) to which a species (B) phylum and class
belongs, and the overall rate of environ- (C) dinosaurs and reptiles
(10) mental change. Fossil evidence shows that (D) ecologists and biologists
more mammals and birds become extinct
than do mollusks or insects. Studies of the 5. It can be inferred from the passage that a significant event of
extinction of the dinosaurs and other rep- the Cretaceous Period was
tiles during the Cretaceous Period show that (A) the appearance of many taxa
(15) a changing environment affects different (B) the dramatic effect of the dinosaur on the environment
tаха in different ways. Some may be dra- (C) the extinction of birds
matically affected, others less so. (D) the extinction of dinosaurs
The best way to answer the question of
what causes an extinction is to combine 6. It can be inferred from the passage that dinosaurs
(20) fields of inquiry and a variety of viewpoints. (A) included species that were mammals
Using the fossil record and historical (B) were better represented in the fossil record than other species
documentation, the different rates of the extinc- (C) possessed disadvantageous traits
tion of various taxa and different responses (D) were not susceptible to extinction
to environmental change can be detected.
(25) Then the evolutionary development of the 7. The word dramatically in lines 16—17 means
different species can be compared, and traits (A) strongly (B) inspiringly (C) flimsily (D) visually
that may be disadvantageous can be singled
out. Finally, researchers can use mathemati- 8. The word fields in line 20 is closest in meaning to
cal formulae to determine whether a popu- (A) areas (B) meadows (C) studies (D) careers
(30) lation is likely to adapt itself to the chan-
ging environment or disappear. Hopefully, as 9.From the passage it can be inferred that disadvantageous
more of this information is collected, spe- traits are
cialists in different fields— e.g. physiological (A) occurring at different rates
and behavioral ecology, population ecology, (B) a contributing cause of extinction
35) community ecology, evolutionary biology (C) adaptable
and systematics, biogeography, and paleobi- (D) learned by mathematical formulas
ology — will work together to make predic-
tions about the broader changes that might 10. The expression singled out in lines 27-28 is closest in
occur in the ecosystem. meaning to
(A) isolated (B) blamed (C) seen (D) divided
1. Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?
(A) assessment of the work of specialists concerned with ecology 11. According to the passage, the likelihood of a population becoming
(B) a discussion of possible causes of extinction, and of ways extinct can be
to make predictions about environmental change (A) lessened by the efforts of a few concerned specialists
(C) the changing aspects of our environment (B) unaffected by environmental change
(D) a comparison of the extinction rates of different taxa (C) determined by mathematical formulas
(D) almost impossible to ascertain
2. The word susceptibility in line 5 is closest in meaning to
(A) insensitlvity 12. The word broader in line 38 is closest in meaning to
(B) receptiveness (A) fatter (B) extra (C) wider (D) many
(C) immunity
(D) vulnerability

COMPLETE TEST 1 READING | VERSION 2.0 | 2015 1

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‫آزﻣون آزﻣﺎﯾﺷﯽ ﺗوﻟﯾﻣو‬

Questions 13-23 refer to the following passage. 16. Where in the passage does the author give an example
The Quakers, also called the Society of of Quaker involvement in social issues?
Friends, are a Christian group that arose in the (A) lines 6-7 (B) lines 16-17
mid-seventeenth century in England and the (C) lines 27-29 (D) lines 33-35
Line American colonies. Quakerism came into
(5) being in England in or around 1652, when 17. Which of the following would be an example of "the outward
George Fox began to organize converts to trappings associated with Christianity" referred to in lines 12-13?
preach his doctrine of "God in every man." (A) clergy
The Friends were silent at their meetings, wai- (B) silent, leaderless worship
ting for the "inward light." They believed peo- (C) concern for social reform
(10) ple should sense God inside of themselves (D) the doctrine of "God in every man"
(without church buildings, appointed preach-
ers, written liturgy, or many of the outward 18. It can be inferred from the passage that early Quakers
trappings associated with Christianity). experienced official persecution because
The Society of Friends is part of the left wing (A) they were known for "quaking" during religious services
(15) of the seventeenth-century English Puritan (B) they helped found the state of Pennsylvania
movement; in America, Quakers were perse- (C) they came to America from England
cuted by Puritans. Quakers experienced much (D) their religious beliefs were considered subversive
official persecution, including imprisonment
and execution, for their belief that the worship 19. Why does the author mention execution in lines 18-19?
(20) of God should be very personal. The term (A) It is an example of the persecution Quakers faced.
"Quaker" may refer to their penchant for (B) It is an outward trapping of Christianity.
"quaking" during religious services, or it may (C) This serves as an example of William Penn's policies.
be a derogatory reference to supposed Quaker (D) Many religions were concerned with this issue.
cowardliness and belief in pacifism.
(25) Quakerism in the American colonies existed 20.The paragraph after this passage would most likely be about
mainly in the Northeast. The American (A) the decline of the Quaker population since World War I
Quaker population surged after 1682 when (B) the similarities and differences between Quakers and Puritans
Quaker William Penn founded the state of (C) ways in which Quakers today show concern for others
Pennsylvania as a haven for Quakers and as a (D) social reforms enacted by Quakers during
(30) "holy experiment" in religious toleration. the American Revolution
Quakers were prominent and powerful in the
Pennsylvania state government in the period 21.From the passage, it can be inferred that the Puritans were
before the American Revolution. During and (A) Friends (B) persecuted (C) intolerant (D) executed
after the Revolution, Friends concerned them-
(35) selves with the plight of Native Americans. 22. The word penchant in line 21 most nearly means
They also worked with escaped slaves and for (A) appreciation (B) propensity (C) disinclination (D) proposition
the abolition of slavery. They continue to be
known for their efforts in social reform. 23. Why did the American Quaker population surge after
William Penn founded Pennsylvania?
13. In which of the following publications would this passage (A) Pennsylvania tolerated the Quaker religion.
be most likely to appear? (B) Pennsylvania forbade religions other than Quakerism.
(A) an anthology of English literature (C) The Pennsylvania government tried to help escaped slaves.
(B) an introductory American history book (D) Social reform was important to most Americans.
(C) a book about Eastern religions
(D) a basic math textbook

14. The word their in line 8 refers to

(A) trappings (B) preachers (C) religious services (D) the Friends

15. The word persecuted in lines 16-17 is closest in meaning to

(A) scrutinized (B) lauded (C) harassed (D) believed

COMPLETE TEST 1 READING | VERSION 2.0 | 2015 2

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‫آزﻣون آزﻣﺎﯾﺷﯽ ﺗوﻟﯾﻣو‬

Questions 24-31 refer to the following passage. 27. Knots of surface rocks are characteristic of
The appearance and character of a hardened (A) all types of ultimate lava fields
lava field depend on numerous factors. Among (B) the initial stage of some lava field formation
the key variables are the chemical nature of the (C) the end result of some highly viscous flows
Line magma and the degree of viscosity of the liq- (D) only highly liquid, wavelike lava forms
(5) uid rock once it begins to flow.
Since the ultimate nature of lava is influ- 28. If the hardened lava presents a smoother wavelike surface
enced by chemical composition, it is possible it is likely that
to predict certain aspects of the final appear- (A) it was not initially a highly liquid lava
ance of the field from a sample of the molten (B) it results from a highly liquid lava
(10) fluid. The main components of lava are silica (C) its final form will be rough and difficult to traverse
and various oxides, including those of potassi- (D) at issue, it was red-hot
um, iron, calcium, magnesium, sodium, and
aluminum. Magnesium and iron oxides are 29. The primary function of this passage is to
found in high concentrations in the dark-col- (A) explain the primary chemical com-ponents of lava,
(15) ored basic basalt, while silica, soda, and potash including silica and oxides
preponderate in the lighter-colored, acidic fel- (B) predict when volcanic lava will appear
site rocks. (C) warn of the limitations of viscosity and chemical analysis
The viscosity of the liquid rock helps to (D) discuss two crucial determinants of a hardened lava field's
determine the appearance of the hardened character
(20) field's surface. When it issues, the lava is red-
or even white-hot. It soon begins to cool, and 30. The word exhibit in line 32 is closest in meaning to
the surface darkens and crusts over. In (A) give off (B) put on (C) show (D) cause
extremely viscous flows, the underpart may yet
be in motion as the surface solidifies. The crust 31. This passage would most likely appear in which type
(25) breaks up into a mass of jagged blocks of rock of publication?
that are carried as a tumbling, jostling mass on (A) an introductory college textbook on geography
the surface of the slowly moving stream. When (B) the national events section of a local newspaper
the stream eventually stops and hardens, the (C) an introductory college textbook on geology
field is extremely rough and difficult to tra- (D) a tourist brochure for a volcanic region
(30) verse. On the other hand, highly liquid lava
may harden with much smoother surfaces that
exhibit ropy, curved, wrinkled, and wavelike forms.

24. The degree of viscosity in newly issued lava is a

critical determinant of
(A) the chemical nature of the magma
(B) whether the lava will be red or white-hot
(C) the ultimate nature of the hardened lava field
(D) the viscosity of the liquid rock

25. The chemical composition of a hardened field

(A) has nothing to do with the viscosity of the liquid rock
(B) will cause the crusting phenomena common in hardened lava
(C) is important in shaping the ultimate appearance of the field
(D) depends upon the degree of viscosity of the original
liquid rock

26. In line 20, the word issues most nearly means

(A) is dormant (B) heats up (C) traverses (D) comes out

Questions 32-42 refer to the following passage.

COMPLETE TEST 1 READING | VERSION 2.0 | 2015 3

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‫آزﻣون آزﻣﺎﯾﺷﯽ ﺗوﻟﯾﻣو‬

The period of the American Revolution (A) home-made wool (B) imported British goods
was a time of contrasts in American fashion. (C) cloth stolen from the British (D) gauze
In urban centers, women enjoyed a wide
Line range of expression in the fashions available 37. "Fashion babies" were
(5) to them, even though shortages might force (A) dolls for children
a young lady to wear an outfit made from (B) 12-inch figures used to display clothes
the bright red uniform of her British beau. (C) life-sized models dressed in current styles
The patriots, however, tended to scorn fash- (D) illustrations from fashion magazines
ion as frivolous in time of war. In remote
(10) areas, patriotic groups led boycotts of 38. The word tyranny in line 20 is closest in meaning to
British goods and loomed their own woolen (A) domination (B) bossiness (C) importance (D) evilness
cloth.
In selecting clothes, stylish American 39. Which of the following can best be said about the Paris
ladies depended on "fashion babies"—foot- fashion industry?
(15) high dolls illustrating the latest Paris styles. (A) It has come to the forefront only recently, compared to
This infatuation with the fashion trends of New York.
the "continent" remained intact well into (B)It has long exerted a powerful influ-ence on American fashion.
the twentieth century. Indeed, even today, (C) It retains its taste for gaudy, "macaroni" type excess.
New York's fashion industry has not fully (D) It is unable to break free from New York's influence.
(20) escaped the tyranny of French design.
Mourning garments were almost impossi- 40. Black armbands were worn to show
blе to obtain since black cloth had to be (A) the tyranny of Paris fashions
imported from England; black arm bands (B) imported cloth from England
were introduced as a substitute. Gauze, (C) fanciful detailing
(25) indispensable for petticoats, aprons, and (D) mourning
ladies' headgear, was also in short supply.
Thеге was also a taste for outlandish acces- 41. The word elaborate in line 29 is closest in meaning to
sories and fanciful detailing: feathers in hats, (A) gay (B) vulgar (C) intricate (D) square
elaborate buttons, and gaudily patterned
(30) fabrics. These excesses were called "macaroni" and are 42. It can be inferred from the passage that "macaroni"
immortalized in the song Yankee Doodle. (A) was so named because of its resemblance to the
continent of Europe
32. Which of the following is the most appropriate title for (B) was a very short-lived and ill-conceived fashion trend
this passage? (C) had a more mundane application to petticoats and aprons
(A) A Revolution in Fashion (D) was not the fashion style of avowed patriots
(B) Clothing Shortages of the Revolution
(C) Clothing Styles in Revolutionary America
(D) Conflict in the Fashion Industry

33. The word beau in line 7 is closest in meaning to

(A) male friend (B) husband (C) father (D) son

34. Which of the following can be inferred from the

passage about people's attitudes toward fashion?
(A) They varied according to political beliefs.
(B) They were determined mainly by geography
(C) They corresponded to a persons social standing.
(D) They were a matter of personal taste.

35. The word loomed'in line 11 is closest in meaning to

(A) grew bigger (B) wove (C) picked (D) quilted

36. What were clothes made from in rural areas?

COMPLETE TEST 1 READING | VERSION 2.0 | 2015 4

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‫آزﻣون آزﻣﺎﯾﺷﯽ ﺗوﻟﯾﻣو‬

Questions 43-50 refer to the following passage. 46. What is NOT true of Mandy Ringer?
Sapphira and the Slave Girl was the last (A) She is a slave. (B) She is intelligent.
novel of Willa Cather's illustrious literary (C) She is uneducated. (D) She is poor.
career. Although the story takes place in
Line 1856, well before her own birth, she drew 47. In the second paragraph, the author mentions Mandy
(5) heavily on both vivid childhood memories Ringer in order to emphasize which point?
and tales handed down by older relatives to (A) The novel displays Cather's mixed feelings about slavery.
describe life in rural northern Virginia in (B) The characters are based on Gather's childhood friends.
the middle of the nineteenth century. (C) One of the novel s purposes was to paint a portrait of
Of Cather's novels, Sapphira and the Slave life in nineteenth-century rural Virginia.
(10) Girl is the one most concerned with provid- (D) The novel's characters are shown in a positive light
ing an overall picture of day-to-day life in a because Gather was a supporter of the Old South.
specific era. A number of the novel's charac-
ters, it would seem, are included in the story 48. According to the author, why is cather's attitude
only because they are representative of the toward slavery somewhat ambiguous?
(15) types of people found in 19th century rural (A) She was knowledgeable about the legal and political
Virginia; indeed, a few of them play no part aspects of slavery.
whatsoever in the unfolding of the plot. For (B) She did not denounce slavery directly, only in indirect
instance, we are introduced to a poor white ways.
woman, Mandy Ringer, who is portrayed as (C) She identified equally with slaves and slaveholders.
(20) intelligent and content, despite the fact that (D) She was unable to fashion a firm opinion on the issue.
she has no formal education and must toil
constantly in the fields. 49. One can infer that the author would probably
The title, however, accurately reflects that (A) like Gather if the author met her
the novel is mainly about slavery. Cather's (B) consider the character of Mandy Ringer irrelevant to the plot
(25) attitude toward this institution may best be (C) oppose the academic study Cather's other novels
summed up as somewhat ambiguous. On (D) have no appreciation of the novel's merits
the one hand, she displays almost total
indifference to the legal and political aspects 50. Which of the following would be the best title for the
of slavery when she misidentifies certain passage?
(30) crucial dates in its growth and development. (A) Sapphira and. the Slave Girl: Fact Versus Fiction
She never really offers a direct condemna- (B) Willa Cather: Racist or Abolitionist?
tion of slavery. Yet the evil that was slavery (C) Some Comments on the Final Novel of Willa Cather
gets through to us in her typically subtle (D) Willa Cather's Depiction of Nineteenth-Century Virginians
ways. Characters like Mrs. Blake who
(35) oppose the institution are portrayed in a sympathetic
light. Furthermore, the suffering of the slaves
themselves and the petty, nasty and often cruel
behavior of the slave owners are painted in stark terms.

43. What is the main topic of this passage?

(A) Cather's anti-slavery stance
(B) The backdrop of Cather's last novel
(C) Cather's strangely titled novel
(D) Life in the Virginia country

44. The author refers to Sapphira and the Slave Girl as

(A) a heroic tale of the Civil War
(B) a sweeping epic of the Old South
(C) using Cather's personal recollections
(D) a political treatise on slavery

45. The word vivid in line 5 is closest in meaning to

(A) disturbing (B) buried (C) forgotten (D) clear

COMPLETE TEST 1 READING | VERSION 2.0 | 2015 5

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Answer Key
1. B 6. С 11. С 16. D 21. С 26. D 31. С 36. А 41. С 46. А

2.D 7. А 12. С 17. А 22. В 27. С 32. С 37. В 42. D 47. С

З.А 8. С 13. В 18. D 23. А 28. В 33. А 38. А 43. В 48. В

4.А 9. В 14. D 19. А 24. С 29. D 34. А 39. В 44. С 49. В

5.D 10. А 15. С 20. С 25. С 30. С 35. В 40. D 45. D 50. С

COMPLETE TEST 1 READING | VERSION 2.0 | 2015 6

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