TENSES STRUCTURE AND FORM
PRESENT SIMPLE
Affirmative Negative Yes/No Question Wh Question
Verb to I am a happy person My cousin isn't good at maths Are you twelve years old? Where is the nearest bank?
be + am/is/are + C + am/is/are + NOT + C Am/Is/Are + + C? WhQuestion + am/is/are + + C?
Diff Lucy sings beautifully They don't play chess Does she like coffee? Why does she call you?
Verbs + verb in present + C + do/does + NOT + verb in present + C Do/Does + + verb in present + C ? WhQuestion + do/does + + verb in present + C ?
PAST SIMPLE
Affirmative Negative Yes/No Question Wh Question
Verb to I was a happy person My cousin wasn't good at maths Were you here yesterday? Where was this document?
be + was / were + C + was / were + NOT + C Was / Were + + C? WhQuestion + was / were + + C?
Diff Lucy sang beautifully They didn't play chess Did you go to school? How did you do it?
Verbs + verb in past + C + did + NOT + verb in present + C Did + + verb in present + C ? WhQuestion + did + + verb in present + C ?
FUTURE SIMPLE
Affirmative Negative Yes/No Question Wh Question
WILL I will go to the cinema My cousin won't go to the cinema Will you go to the cinema? Who will go to the cinema?
+ will + verb base form + C + will + NOT + verb base form + C Will + + verb base form + C? WhQuestion + will + + verb base form + C?
GOING Lucy is going to sing this season They aren't going to sing this season Are they going to sing this season? Where is Lucy going to sing this season?
TO + am/is/are + going to + verb + C + am/is/are + NOT + going to + verb + C Are/Am/Is + + going to + verb + C? WhQuestion + are/am/is + + going to + verb + C?
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Affirmative Negative Yes/No Question Wh Question
I am writing a letter My cousin isn't studying maths Are you working in your project? What are you doing with that paint?
+am/is/are + verb + ING + C + am/is/are + NOT+ verb + ING + C Am/Is/Are + + verb + ING + C ? WhQuestion + am/is/are + + verb + ING + C ?
PAST CONTINUOUS
Affirmative Negative Yes/No Question Wh Question
I was writing a letter My cousin wasn't studying maths Were you working in your project? What were you doing with that paint?
+ was/were + verb + ING + C + was/were + NOT+ verb + ING + C Was/Were + + verb + ING + C ? WhQuestion + was/were + + verb + ING + C ?
FUTURE CONTINUOUS
Affirmative Negative Yes/No Question Wh Question
They will be playing football on Sunday They won't be playing football on Sunday Will they be playing football on Sunday
Why will they be playing football on Sunday afternoon?
afternoon afternoon afternoon
+ will + NOT + be + verb + ing + C
+ will + be + verb + ing + C Will + + be + verb + ing + C? WhQuestion + will + + be + verb + ing + C?
will not=won't
PRESENT PERFECT
Affirmative Negative Yes/No Question Wh Question
She has done her homework She hasn't done her homework Have you done your homework? What have they done?
+have/has+verb in past participle+C +have/has+NOT+verb in past participle+C Have/Has+ +verb in past participle+ C ? WhQuestion + have/has + + verb in past participle+C ?
PAST PERFECT
Affirmative Negative Yes/No Question Wh Question
She had done her homework She hadn't done her homework Had you done your homework? What had they done?
+had+verb in past participle+C +had+NOT+verb in past participle+C Had+ +verb in past participle+ C ? WhQuestion + had + + verb in past participle+C ?
FUTURE PERFECT
Affirmative Negative Yes/No Question Wh Question
She will have written the letter by
She won't have written the letter by tomorrow. Will she have written the letter by tomorrow? When will she have written the letter?
tomorrow.
+ will + NOT + have + verb past partic + C
+ will + have + past participle + C Will + + have + past participle + C? WhQuestion + will + + have + past participle + C?
will not=won't
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Affirmative Negative Yes/No Question Wh Question
Lucy has been singing beautifully Lucy hasn't been singing beautifully Has Lucy been singing beautifully? What has Lucy been singing?
+ have/has + been + verb + ing + C + have/has + not + been + verb + ing + C Have/Has + + been + verb + ing + C WhQuestion + have/has + + been + verb + ing + C
Miss Maricarmen Bermúdez Class 21/01/2021
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Affirmative Negative Yes/No Question Wh Question
Lucy had been singing beautifully Lucy hadn't been singing beautifully Had Lucy been singing beautifully? What had Lucy been singing?
+ had + been + verb + ing + C + had + not + been + verb + ing + C Had + + been + verb + ing + C WhQuestion + had + + been + verb + ing + C
FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Affirmative Negative Yes/No Question Wh Question
You will have been waiting for more than You will not have been waiting for more than two Will you have been waiting for more than two
Where will you have been waiting for more than two hours?
two hours when her plane finally arrives. hours when her plane finally arrives. hours when her plane finally arrives?
+ will + NOT + have + been + ing + C
+ will + have + been + ing + C Will + + have + been + ing + C? WhQuestion + will + + have + been + ing + C?
will not=won't
WISH + PAST SIMPLE Talking about the present - Regrets At the present moment
She wishes she was taller. I wish he didn't eat more candies They wish they had a big car. He wishes It wasn't Monday today.
+ wish / wishes + past simple
IF ONLY + PAST SIMPLE Talking about the present - Regrets at the present moment
If only I didn’t have so much homework If only you didn't live so far away If only you gave me some money If only our school had a bigger yard
If only + + past simple
WISH + PAST SIMPLE Talking about the past - Regrets about something in the past
She wishes she had been taller. I wish he hadn't eaten more candies They wish they had had a big car. He wishes It hadn't finished their vacations.
+ wish / wishes + past perfect
IF ONLY + PAST SIMPLE Talking about the past - Regrets something in the past
If only you had lived near I would have If only I hadn't had so much homework I would
If only I had known you were arriving. If only I had studied harder when I was at school.
arrived on time for the party have slept earlier
If only + + past past perfect
CONDITIONAL ZERO
Affirmative Negative Yes/No Question Wh Question
If you heat ice, it melts. Plants die if they don't get enough water. Do plants die if they don't get enough water? Where can I wait if I arrive early?
IF + Present Simple, Present Simple ----- Present Simple iIF present simple
FIRST CONDITIONAL Things which might happen in the future HIGH PROBABILITY
Affirmative Negative Yes/No Question Wh Question
If I study today, I'll go to the party tonight If it rains, I won't go to the park. Are you going to the cinema if you finish? Where are we meeting if I get permission?
IF + Present Simple, Future Simple ----- Future Simple IF present simple
SECOND CONDITIONAL Things in the future that are probably not going to be true. LOW PROBABILITY
Affirmative Negative Yes/No Question Wh Question
If I won the lottery, I'd buy a big house. She wouldn't travel if she were poor. Would you travel more if you were younger? Which hotel would you have stayed in if you returned to Spain?
IF + Past Simple, Would + Verb base form ----- Would + Verb base form IF past simple
THIRD CONDITIONAL situation IN PAST that didn't happen- PAST UNREAL - IMAGINARY
Affirmative Negative Yes/No Question Wh Question
If she hadn't gone bed late, she'd have Would you have come if you had been in the
If I hadn't eaten beans, I wouldn't have felt sick Who would you have invited if you had been the party planner?
woken on time city?
IF + Past perfect, Would + have + Verb past participle ----- Would + have + Verb past participle IF + Past perfect
Miss Maricarmen Bermúdez Class 21/01/2021
