Past simple: to be.

affirmative negative question Short answers

i/he/she/it I was born in She wasn’t at Was he at the Yes, he was
1988. the party. mall? No, he wasn’t

you/we/they You were in We weren’t at Were they in Yes, they were.

Italy. home. Hawaii? No, they
weren’t.

Question forms with question word(s)

Where was the party?
When were you born?
Remember, to make questions with to be, we invert the subject and the verb:

Where were you?

I was at my aunt’s house.

Past simple: regular verbs.

We use the past simple to talk about finished actions and states:

It opened in June 2004.

My parents lived in New York ten years ago.

Affirmative Negative
I/he/she/it worked last year. I/he/she/it didn’t work last year.
You/we/they lived in Buffalo. You/we/they/ didn’t live at home.

question Short answers

Did i/you/he/she/it/ open on time? Yes, i/you/he/she/it/ did
We/they We/they
No, i/you/he/she/it/ didn’t
We/they
Question forms with question word(s)
Where did you live 15 years ago?
When did you start studying English?
What music did you like in high school?

Spelling: past simple

Add –d or ed to most verbs Work—worked

Live—lived
With verbs that end in a consonants Study—studied
-y, take away the –y and add –ied.

Time expressions: in, on, at, last, ago.

With the past simple, we often say when an action happened.

We use in with months, seasons and years:

We were on vacation in July.

I started work in 1987.

We use at with times and occasions:

Where were you at five o’clock?

Where were you at Christmas?

We use on with days and dates:

He started work on Monday.

I graduated on June 12, 1998.

We use last with a specific period:

Where did you go on vacation last year?

Where was he last week?

Ago means before now. We use it to show how far in the past something happened:

I started college three years ago.

Vocabulary:

SPECIAL OCCASIONS: VERBS TO DESCRIBE LIFETIME EVENTS.

Baptism To graduate

Birthday to live

Christmas to move

Easter to open

Engagement to start

Farewell party to study

Graduation to work

New Year

Wedding

Wedding anniversary
Articles: indefinite
(a/an) and definite (the).

We use a or an before a noun to talk about something generally.

We use a before a consonant and an before a vowel:

Can I have a ticket to Stanton?

You have an aisle seat.

We use the to talk about something specific and about some countries:

What time does the train leave?

Did you go to the United Kingdom?

I live in the United States.

Past simple: irregular verbs.

Many common verbs have an irregular past simple form:

Go—went

Have—had

affirmative i/you/he/she/It/ Went To Greece.

we/they

negative i/you/he/she/it/ Didn’t go To Greece.

we/they (did not)

question Did i/you/he/she/it/ See A movie last

we/they night?

short answers Yes, i/you/he/she/it/ Did

we/they
No, i/you/he/she/it/ Didn’t.
we/they
verb Past simple verb Past simple
To buy Bought To have Had
To come Came To ride Rode
To eat Ate To see Saw
To fly Flew To take Took
To get Got To wear Wore
To give Gave To win Won
To go went

Useful expressions:

BUYING A TICKET AND ASKING RESPONDING TO NEWS:

FOR TRAVEL INFORMATION: That’s great!

Can I have a ticket to Houston? It sounds fantastic!

Which gate is it? That was lucky!

Is there a taxi stand near here? Oh no, what a shame!

What time does train leave? No way!

When does it arrive? That’s too bad!

Does this bus go to Atlanta?

VOCABULARY:

TRANSPORTATION: VACATION AND TRAVEL ITEMS:

Airplane bikini

Bike camera

Bus credit card

Car purse

Ferry snorkel and flippers

Motorbike suitcase

Subway swimsuit
Taxi towel

Train traveler’s check

Tram umbrella
Past simple: regular vs. irregular.
Regular
Affirmative i/you/he/she/it/we/they Watched TV last night.
Negative i/you/he/she/it/we/they Didn’t Watch TV last night
(did)
Yes/no Did i/you/he/she/it/we/they watch A movie.
Question

Short answers Yes i/you/he/she/it/we/they Did

no i/you/he/she/it/we/they Didn’t
Irregular
Affirmative i/you/he/she/it/we/they Saw A horror movie.
Negative i/you/he/she/it/we/they Didn’t See A horror movie
(did not)
Yes/no did i/you/he/she/it/we/they see The show?
question
We only use the past simple form of the verb in affirmative sentences:

I want to the movies last night.

In questions and negative sentences, we use did or didn’t to indicate the past simple:

I didn’t go to the movies. I didn’t went to the movies.

Where did you go? Where did you went?

COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES:

One syllable adjectives Example

Add –er to most adjectives Small—smaller, cheap—cheaper
Add –r to adjectives Nice—nicer, late—later
Double the final consonant on adjectives Big—bigger, fat—fatter
ending consonant-vowel-consonant.
Adjectives with more than one syllable Example
Add –ier to two syllable adjectives ending in – Friendly—friendlier, easy—easier
y.
Add more to most adjectives Expensive—more expensive,
Modern—more modern
Irregular adjectives Example
Some adjectives are irregular Good—better, bad—worse
We use than to compare two things:

A skyscraper is taller than a castle.

We do not double final w:

New—newer

We use –er with some two syllable adjectives:

Quiet—quieter, clever—cleverer

USEFUL EXPRSSIONS:

Giving yourself thinking time:

Let me think…

That’s s good question…

Well…

VOCABULARY:

Adjectives nouns related to the 1970s

Bad bell-bottoms

Big cheese fondue

Cheap chopper bike

Expensive disco music

Fast miniskirt

Good test tube baby

Modern VCR

Old-fashioned
Pretty
Slow
Small
Ugly
be- going to
We use to be- going to to talk about future plans or intentions.

Affirmative Negative
I’m going to stay in Paris I’m not going to visit the MOMA.
You’re going to fly You aren’t going to drive.
She’s going to study math She isn’t going o leave home.
He’s going to meet Jan. He isn’t going to eat fish.
It’s going to rain It isn’t going to snow.
We’re going to have fun We aren’t going to be at the party.
They’re going to visit the zoo They aren’t going to stay outdoors.

Question Short answers

Am I going to fly? Yes, you are. / No, you aren’t.
Are you going to drive? Yes, I am. /no, I’m not.
Is she going to meet us? Yes, she is. /no, she isn’t.
Is he going to hang out with us? Yes, he is. /no, he isn’t.
Is it going to rain? Yes, it is. /no, it isn’t.
Are we going to visit tom? Yes, we are. /no, we aren’t.
Are they going to have a party? Yes, they are. /no, they aren’t.

HOPE TO, WANT TO.

We use hope to and want to- verb to talk about future intentions and dreams:

We want to spend time together as a family.

We hope to have two or three children.

USEFUL EXPRESSIONS:

Expressing doubt.

I don’t really know.

Well, maybe.

I’m not really sure.

Perhaps.

VOCABULARY:

Tourist attractions. Collocations to describe

Art gallery lifestyle changes.

Bridge to build a house

Cathedral to change your life

Museum to grow vegetables

Palace to have a baby

Pyramids to move to/ from the city/ the country

Square to quit smoking

Statue

Tower

Zoo
ADJECTIVES.
We use feel- adjective to describe symptoms:

I feel dizzy. I feel sick.

We use have noun to describe health problems:

I have a headache. I have a sore ankle.

We only use have –ache with certain parts of the body:

Stomachache, earache, toothache… leg ache, knee ache.

We use the structure I have a sore- noun with all parts of the body:

I have a sore leg, I have a sore back, I have a sore head.

SHOULD:

We use should-verb to say that something is a good idea or right thing to do:

You should wear a hat.

We use shouldn’t – verb to say that something is not a good idea or not the right thing go to:

You shouldn’t take a camera.

affirmative Negative
I should go to hospital. I shouldn’t cancel my trip.
You should wear a hat. You shouldn’t take a camera.
He should stay indoors. He shouldn’t go out.
She should go to work. She shouldn’t stay in school.
We should have a party. We shouldn’t invite Matthew.
They should eat fruit. They shouldn’t eat spicy food.

question Short answers

Should I go? Yes, you should. / no, you shouldn’t
Should you wear boots? Yes, I should. /no, I shouldn’t.
Should ha play? Yes , he should. /no, he shouldn’t.
Should she watch? Yes, she should. /no, she shouldn’t.
Should we have a party? Yes, we should. /no, we shouldn’t.
Should they stay indoors? Yes, they should. /no, they shouldn’t.

USEFUL EXPRESSIONS:

Asking and describing how you feel.

How do you feel? Not too good.

What’s the matter? I feel dizzy/hot.

What’s wrong? I have a cold and a stomachache.

VOCABULARY:

Body parts. Health problems.

Ankle cold

Arm dizzy

Back fever

Foot flu

Hand food poisoning

Head hay fever

Knee headache

Leg hot

Neck to hurt

Shoulders sore throat/knee

Stomach stomachache

Throat sunburn
Irregular verbs.
Infinitive past simple infinitive past simple

To be (am, is, are) was/were to put put

To become became to quit quit

To begin began to read read

To build built to ride rode

To buy bought to run ran

Can could to say said

To come came to see saw

To do did to sell sold

To drink drank to sit sat

To eat ate to speak spoke

To feel felt to spend spent

To find found to stand stood

To fly flew to swim swam

To get got to take took

To get up got up to tell told

To give gave to think thought

To go went to understand understood

To grow grew to wake up woke up

To hang out hung out to wear wore

To have had to win won

To know knew

To leave left

To lose lost

To make made

To meet met