NOTES IN GE 5 – PURPOSIVE NOTE – TAKING
COMMUNICATION
- Gathering specific information
Project Proposal - use IMRAD
Types of Notes
- Introduction
1. Direct Quotations
- Method
2. Paraphrase
- Result
3. Summary
- Discussion
Why important?
Introduction
Background of the study (preview of - Because academic lit
the issue) - In order to substantiate the points, you
Statement of the problem want to include the paper
Related Literature and Studies WHAT IS PLAGIARISM?
Gap “fill every informational gap”
Significance of the study (importance) To plagiarize means
Method - To steal and pass off (the ideas or
Clear ways on answering words of another) as one’s own
Instrument - To use (another’s production) without
How to analyze the result of the crediting the source
paper - To commit literary theft
Ideal question: 3 - To present as new and original idea or
product derived from existing source
Preliminary Bibliography (Merriam-Webster Dictionary)
Preliminary: tentative
- Mortal sin
Bibliography: sources of information
According to plagiarism. Com, the following
- Can be primary & secondary constitute the act:
Secondary: (edited, filtered information) - Turning in someone else’s work as your
own
1. Books – should be up-to-date sources
- Copying words or ideas from someone
2. Periodicals – newspapers, magazines,
else without giving credit
journals
- Failing to put a quotation in quotation
3. Online – should consider reliability of the
marks
source (verifiable author, citation)
- Giving incorrect information about the
APA – citation source of a quotation
- Changing words but copying the
- Use “hanging indention”
sentence structure of a source without
giving credit
Book:
- Copying so many words or ideas from a
Author’s last name, I. (date). Title of the book. source that it makes up the majority of
your work, whether you gave credit or
(Edition). Place of Publication: not
Publisher.
Why do students plagiarize?
Note: Title of the book (T is capitalized and title
is italicized) Poor writing and research skills
Academic pressure
Periodical
Lack of ethics
Author’s last name, I. (year, month). Title of the Accessibility of knowledge
Poor time management and
article. Name of Publication, 2 (30). 33-
organizational skills
45.
How to avoid plagiarism?
Online
Author’s Name, I. (n.d.) Title of the article. Careful planning of essay
Acknowledging sources
Retrieved from: URL Careful and accurate note-taking
TYPES OF NOTES Single quotation – when there is a
quotation within a quotation
1. Quoting approach
- copy word for word
Long quotation – more than 3 lines, more
than 39 words
- Use always colon
Quoting properly: - Quotation is indented
Limiting the number of quotes
Quotable Quotes
- Quotes an authority
- Quotes which you can inadequately
paraphrase
Issue on accuracy
Issue on conciseness
Issue on style
Parts of Quotation:
- Maximum: at least 10% of the paper
1. Opening Statement (phrase/clause) When the acknowledgment is a phrase
2. Direct quotation
Ex: Jacques Dellile wrote, “Fate chooses our
relatives, we choose our friends.”
When the acknowledgement is made part of
acknowledgement
PUNCTUATING DQ
Linking verb (have, is, are, seems) – no
need of an punctuation mark
When the acknowledgement comes after
the quote
Examples:
“When you have nothing good to say, say
nothing,” wrote Charles Caleb Colton.
Comma – attribution and direct
quotation is one “Who can refuse a sneer?” asked William
Colon : attribution can stand alone Paley.
Periods, commas, always inside
When the acknowledgement is split Note: THIS IS NOT GOOD. (Should not
change the meaning of the quotation)
Example:
Examples:
“Politics” said Bismark, “is not an exact
science.”
When the acknowledgement is made part of
acknowledgement
Example:
Robert E. Roger’s advice to the Class of 1929
at MIT was “to marry the boss’s daughter.”
Henry Ford said that “history is more or less
bunk.”
Like Mary Hungerford, many psychologists
believe that “beauty is in the eye of the
beholder.”
When the quotation has a colon or semi-
colon
Examples:
“Blood, toil, tears and sweat”: these were the
sacrifice Churchill promised to his country.
On his deathbed, O. Henry said, “Turn up the
lights- I don’t want to go home in the dark”; With interpolation
then, he expired.
- Any word that we even include in the
Quotes with ? or ! quotation which is not shown in the
Examples: original
- To make structure/idea clear to the
Macbeth asked, “What is the night?” audience
Who said, “Cowards die many times before - Bracket [square]
their deaths”?
GENERAL RULE IN QUOTING
Copy verbatim
Question: Can you alter your
quotations?
Answer: Yes, as long as you use the
right signs and symbols.
OMMISSIONS Signifying that an error, not yours, is found
Rules: in the quote
1. Unchanged meaning after the omission - [sic] – Latin word, italicized, come
2. Grammatical structure even with the immediately after the error
omission
Exercise:
Original: The movie is great for mentally-
incapacitated people. (Mike, David, 2013).
Quotation: Writing about the movie, David
(2013) opinioned, “The movie is great …”
Passive: The text must be summarized
properly. [by the students].
Noun verb
Verb noun, others
Example:
The manager does a good job.
The store was managed well.
SUMMARY
Emphasizing something
- 1/3 or ¼ of the original passage
- Highlighting
Paragraph
- sentences
Topic sentence
Supporting Sentences
o Primary
o Secondary (examples of primary)
Clinching sentence (optional)
o Always at the end, recapitulates
the main idea
Essay
Introduction
Using the virguie o Attracts reader’s attention, “hook”
- Split page nation o Thesis statement (main idea)
o Plan of development
Body
o Has its own topic sentence
Concluding Paragraph
Both Paragraph and Essay
- Gives main idea
- Support the main
- Has ending
Difference:
Paragraph –
deals with topic sentence
Primary supporting system
(phrases)
PARAPHRASE AND SUMMARY Essay
Paraphrase Deals with paragraph
- Longer Thesis statements
- More or less the same w/ original Topic statements
Summary
- Shortened version
- Condensation of an original text DOCUMENTING SOURCES
(compact, brief, concise) APA Format
PRE-PARAPHRASING Author/date documentation
1. Changing synonyms Parenthetic citation
2. Changing structural forms (from active In-text citation
to passive) Direct Quotation: (Author’s family name, year,
Example: page number)
Active: Students must summarize the text Summary and Paraphrase;
properly. (author’s family name, year)
Note:
Title in magazine, articles -in quotation
Title in books – italicized, then page
number
Examples:
Difference of Bibliography and Reference
Bibliography
- Listing all the sources
- These sources may not be useful
Reference
- You have actually used in the book or
your paper
- One-on-one correspondence
METHODS
- Alignment
Parts of the section
Participants
Instruments
Framework of analysis
Theory
Adapt- there’s a slight change in the
framework
Adopt – completely embrace
Create
Research Process
