Diskusi 4

zin menjawab

Materi Diskusi 4
Setelah mempelajari Topik yang berjudul ‘GDP’ dan juga menonton video dengan topik yang
sama, jawablah pertanyaan-pertanyaan berikut:
1.Please define GDP using your own description!
Answer:
GDP is a measure of the economy of a country . a country can be said to be capable of having a
high amount of GDP can help the country to consider many things such as determining certain
economic policies and strategies that can increase the value of GDP. GDP does not mean that the
entire population of the country also has a high economy. GDP can be assessed from all the
goods and services produced in the region within a certain period (usually per year).
As a measurement indicator of economic growth, gross domestic product (GDP) has several
functions such as the following:
1. Domestic economy (country region boundary)
2. Circulair flow concept
3. The amount of value added up and down in gross domestic product, influenced by:
a. the amount of money in circulation
b. investments invested
c. taxes paid by the public
d. subsidies paid by the government
e. the savings collected by the community are thus very important in a country, in each sector to
support each other in order to achieve high GDP.

2. How can GDP be used as a measure to tell the welfare of a country?

Answer:
GDP is often interpreted as an indicator of a country's well-being. High GDP figures are defined
by high production figures. High production figures are linked to the purchasing power of the
community which is also high. This is why when the GDP figure rises, then a country can be
judged to be more prosperous.

3. Indonesia’s GDP is now the highest in South East Asia. How can the government manage the
growth of our GDP for the improvement of standard of living of our people?
Answer:
by managing GDP growth to improve people's living standards, the government is taking various
measures:
• Direct more government resources to improve access and educational outcomes.
• Increase government spending on infrastructure. Focus on transportation and logistics to
support the industry, as well as natural disaster management and water treatment.
• Avoid protectionist measures that hinder openness to trade and foreign investment that impact
uncertain development outcomes.
• Improve, and further enhance targeting and spending on poverty alleviation and various health
efforts.
• Improve inclusive finance by further developing branchless banking services,
• improving the effectiveness of the tax transfer system to alleviate poverty and channel other
social benefits.
• Continue drafting a single list of vulnerable households to better target social assistance. The
government should be able to reduce poverty levels, unemployment rates, open jobs, and
increase the role of SMEs.
Gross Domestic Product(1).docx

Diskusi 5
permission to reply
1. Why is human Capital important Index important for a country?
Anwer;
In its most basic sense, “human capital” refers to the group of people who work for or are
qualified to work for an organization—the “workforce. Therefore, the various elements needed
to create an adequate supply of available labor form the basis of human capital theory and are
critical to the economic and social health of the world’s nations.
Key Takeaways: Human Capital
• Human capital is the sum of knowledge, skills, experience and social qualities that contribute to
a person’s ability to perform work in a manner that produces economic value
• Both employers and employees make substantial investments in the development of human
capital
• Human capital theory is an effort to quantify the true value of an investment in human capital
and is closely related to the field of human resources
• Education and health are key qualities that improve human capital and also directly contribute
to economic growth
• The concept of human capital can be traced back to the 18th-century writings of Scottish
economist and philosopher Adam Smith

2. In this next 5 years of our government, the emphasis is on human resources. In your opinion,
how can this help us as a nation to compete in the global business environment?
Answer;
National prosperity is created, not inherited. It does not grow out of a country’s natural
endowments, its labor pool, its interest rates, or its currency’s value, as classical economics
insists.

A nation’s competitiveness depends on the capacity of its industry to innovate and upgrade.
Companies gain advantage against the world’s best competitors because of pressure and
challenge. They benefit from having strong domestic rivals, aggressive home-based suppliers,
and demanding local customers.

In a world of increasingly global competition, nations have become more, not less, important. As
the basis of competition has shifted more and more to the creation and assimilation of
knowledge, the role of the nation has grown. Competitive advantage is created and sustained
through a highly localized process. Differences in national values, culture, economic structures,
institutions, and histories all contribute to competitive success. There are striking differences in
the patterns of competitiveness in every country; no nation can or will be competitive in every or
even most industries. Ultimately, nations succeed in particular industries because their home
environment is the most forward-looking, dynamic, and challenging.

These conclusions, the product of a four-year study of the patterns of competitive success in ten
leading trading nations, contradict the conventional wisdom that guides the thinking of many
companies and national governments—and that is pervasive today in the United States. (For
more about the study, see the insert “Patterns of National Competitive Success.”) According to
prevailing thinking, labor costs, interest rates, exchange rates, and economies of scale are the
most potent determinants of competitiveness. In companies, the words of the day are merger,
alliance, strategic partnerships, collaboration, and supranational globalization. Managers are
pressing for more government support for particular industries. Among governments, there is a
growing tendency to experiment with various policies intended to promote national
competitiveness—from efforts to manage exchange rates to new measures to manage trade to
policies to relax antitrust—which usually end up only under mining it. (See the insert “What Is
National Competitiveness?”)

These approaches, now much in favor in both companies and governments, are flawed. They
fundamentally misperceive the true sources of competitive advantage. Pursuing them, with all
their short-term appeal, will virtually guarantee that the United States—or any other advanced
nation—never achieves real and sustainable competitive advantage.

We need a new perspective and new tools—an approach to competitiveness that grows directly
out of an analysis of internationally successful industries, without regard for traditional ideology
or current intellectual fashion. We need to know, very simply, what works and why. Then we
need to apply it.
Human Capital.doc
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DISKUSI 6
permission to answer

1. What does “Laissez-Faire” mean?

Answer :
Laissez-faire is an economic theory from the 18th century that opposed any government intervention in
business affairs. The driving principle behind laissez-faire, a French term that translates as "leave alone"
(literally, "let you do"), is that the less the government is involved in the economy, the better off
business will be—and by extension, society as a whole.
2. How is “Laissez-Faire” still relevant today? What are the weaknesses of “Laissez-Faire”?
Answer :
In my opinion, until now it seems that there has never been any country in the world that has let go of
its economy 100% and let the invisible hand work (there is no pure government intervention in the
economy). The United States, which is considered a super free country, still uses the Fed rate to control
inflation, reportedly at the last meeting of July 2016 it was set at 0.25% -0.5%.
In addition, the late Adam also wanted the state to minimize taxes, because taxes were considered only
successful in increasing the cost of living. Well, just imagine if this is used by our country. The tax
contribution is still the largest in the APBN.
In the years ahead, laissez-faire understanding or the like may never be achieved. Like it or not, the state
is responsible for the impact of the national and international economy. Just look at the Great
Depression of 1929 that devastated the world economy, then the case of one country Subprime
Mortgage in 2008, namely the US undermined the economy to Indonesia. Laissez-Faire has never been
relevant.
Because the laissez-faire theory suggests no government intervention in the economy.
Market mechanisms work to determine the most efficient allocation of resources. Price becomes a
signal for supply and demand in the market. Changes in supply and demand will eventually lead to
equilibrium, the point at which social benefits are maximum. Such equilibrium will not be achieved if the
government intervenes. The disadvantages of Laissez-faire
Critics have argued that laissez-faire has a number of weaknesses. Laissez-faire attitudes have long been
considered brutal and uncaring.
The concept is based more on the unrealistic assumption that humans are naturally good and do not
need government oversight to control bad behavior.
Laissez-faire raises two main problems in the economy, namely:
1. Increasing income inequality
The presence of absolute autonomy creates a situation of chaos for both producers and consumers.
Such a situation ultimately leads to income and wealth inequality.
Those who own capital control the economy. On the contrary, those who are poor continue to be poor
and pass it on to the next generation. Often, corrupt behavior leads owners of capital to perpetuate
wealth. They prevent the poor from obtaining capital and improving their lives. As a result, inequality
can contribute to a vicious cycle of poverty.
In the business sector, competition ultimately produces one winner. Seeking to maximize profits, the
dominant firm may find ways to eliminate competitors and become a monopolist.
Competition reduces company profits. The tighter the competition, the lower the profit potential.
Therefore, if there is no intervention, the company naturally wants to eliminate competition and
become a monopolist.
The monopolist has absolute power over the market. As the sole supplier, they determine the quantity,
quality and price of products in the market.
2. Ignoring the public interest
The laissez-faire economy fails to represent the interests of all sections of society. This system only
serves capital owners.
It is impossible for public goods to be distributed evenly among the people. Positive externalities, such
as education and health care, do not spread through society.
Conversely, people tend to be exposed to negative externalities. The absence of interventions such as
competition regulations provides an opportunity for collusive behavior among businesses. They are free
to form cartels and act like monopolists.
In addition, the profit motive encourages companies to minimize costs. It encourages environmentally
unfriendly behavior such as disposing of waste and overexploiting natural resources.

3. Do you think government’s supervision in economic activities should be significant?

Answer :
Yes, because of the role of the Government to regulate price balance and control prices that occur in the
market as well as demand and supply. The existence of government intervention is aimed at protecting
the interests of consumers and producers so that neither party is harmed. forms of government
interference in the price, demand and supply mechanisms that occur in the post-market, among others,
are manifested in the following ways:
1. Establish a Business Competition Supervisory Commission (KPPU) that oversees forms of unfair
business competition (monopoly).
2. Adjustments in tariff or price adjustments for strategic goods such as telephones, electricity, fuel,
drinking water, gas and the like.
3. Determination of export and import policies for goods or services.
4 Providing subsidies (government assistance) to producers.
5. Application of market operations for goods of basic necessity and which concern the livelihoods of
many people, such as sugar, rice, eggs and the like.
6. Determination of monetary policy, such as regulating and supervising the circulation of money and
goods that can affect price formation.
7. Determination of the minimum and maximum tariff or base price for goods which are essential and
that concern the livelihoods of the people.

Laissez-faire(1).doc

Diskusi 7
Setelah mempelajari Topik Sesi pertama yang berjudul ‘Marshall Plan’ dan juga
menonton video dengan topik yang sama, jawablah pertanyaan-pertanyaan berikut:

1. What initiated Marshall Plan?   

Answer :

Marshall Plan

1. Europe After World War II

2. What Was the Marshall Plan?
 3. Impact of the Marshall Plan
4. Political Legacy of the Marshall Plan
5. Sources

The Marshall Plan, also known as the European Recovery Program, was a U.S. program
providing aid to Western Europe following the devastation of World War II. It was enacted in
1948 and provided more than $15 billion to help finance rebuilding efforts on the continent.
The brainchild of U.S. Secretary of State George C. Marshall, for whom it was named, it was
crafted as a four-year plan to reconstruct cities, industries and infrastructure heavily damaged
during the war and to remove trade barriers between European neighbors – as well as foster
commerce between those countries and the United States.

In addition to economic redevelopment, one of the stated goals of the Marshall Plan was to halt
the spread communism on the European continent.

Implementation of the Marshall Plan has been cited as the beginning of the Cold War between
the United States and its European allies and the Soviet Union, which had effectively taken
control of much of central and eastern Europe and established its satellite republics as
communist nations.

The Marshall Plan is also considered a key catalyst for the formation of the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization (NATO), a military alliance between North American and European
countries established in 1949.

Rencana Marshall
Editor History.com
Isi
1. Eropa Setelah Perang Dunia II
2. Apa Rencana Marshall?
3. Dampak Rencana Marshall
4. Warisan Politik dari Marshall Plan
5. Sumber
Marshall Plan, juga dikenal sebagai Program Pemulihan Eropa, adalah program AS
yang memberikan bantuan ke Eropa Barat setelah kehancuran Perang Dunia II. Itu
diberlakukan pada tahun 1948 dan memberikan lebih dari $ 15 miliar untuk
membantu mendanai upaya pembangunan kembali di benua itu. Gagasan Menteri Luar
Negeri AS George C. Marshall, untuk siapa namanya, dibuat sebagai rencana
empat tahun untuk merekonstruksi kota, industri, dan infrastruktur yang rusak
parah selama perang dan untuk menghilangkan hambatan perdagangan antara
tetangga Eropa - juga sebagai perdagangan asuh antara negara-negara tersebut
dan Amerika Serikat.
Selain pembangunan kembali ekonomi, salah satu tujuan Marshall Plan adalah
menghentikan penyebaran komunisme di benua Eropa.
Pelaksanaan Rencana Marshall telah dikutip sebagai awal dari Perang Dingin
antara Amerika Serikat dan sekutu Eropa dan Uni Soviet, yang telah secara
efektif menguasai sebagian besar Eropa tengah dan timur dan menetapkan
republik satelitnya sebagai negara komunis.
Rencana Marshall juga dianggap sebagai katalisator kunci untuk pembentukan
Organisasi Perjanjian Atlantik Utara (NATO), aliansi militer antara negara-
negara Amerika Utara dan Eropa yang didirikan pada tahun 1949.
2. Is Marshall Plan related to Block Politic (the influence of Communism)?

In my oppinion is Marshall Plan related to Block Politic (the influence of Communism) because
the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), the US secret service agent, received 5 percent of the
funds allocated under the Marshall Plan. The CIA uses these funds to establish “front”
businesses in several European countries that were designed to advance US interests in the
region. The agency also, allegedly, financed an anti-communist insurgency in Ukraine, which at
the time was a Soviet satellite state.

3. Do you think we should have similar plan in order to speed up our economic
development in the remote/underdeveloped areas such as Papua, Ambon, Sulawesi
and Kalimantan?   

Jawablah dengan kata kata anda sendiri untuk mendapatkan nilai lebih baik. Sumber
jawaban online hendaknya anda jadikan pegangan untuk membantu menuangkan
pikiran anda. Dengan kata lain hindarilah copy paste.

Terjemahan,
1. Apa yang memulai Marshall Plan?
Rencana Marshall
1. Eropa Setelah Perang Dunia II
2. Apa Rencana Marshall?
3. Dampak Rencana Marshall
4. Warisan Politik dari Marshall Plan
5. Sumber
Marshall Plan, juga dikenal sebagai Program Pemulihan Eropa, adalah program AS
yang memberikan bantuan ke Eropa Barat setelah kehancuran Perang Dunia II. Itu
diberlakukan pada tahun 1948 dan memberikan lebih dari $ 15 miliar untuk
membantu mendanai upaya pembangunan kembali di benua itu. Gagasan Menteri Luar
Negeri AS George C. Marshall, untuk siapa namanya, dibuat sebagai rencana
empat tahun untuk merekonstruksi kota, industri, dan infrastruktur yang rusak
parah selama perang dan untuk menghilangkan hambatan perdagangan antara
tetangga Eropa - juga sebagai perdagangan asuh antara negara-negara tersebut
dan Amerika Serikat.
Selain pembangunan kembali ekonomi, salah satu tujuan Marshall Plan adalah
menghentikan penyebaran komunisme di benua Eropa.
Pelaksanaan Rencana Marshall telah dikutip sebagai awal dari Perang Dingin
antara Amerika Serikat dan sekutu Eropa dan Uni Soviet, yang telah secara
efektif menguasai sebagian besar Eropa tengah dan timur dan menetapkan
republik satelitnya sebagai negara komunis.
Rencana Marshall juga dianggap sebagai katalisator kunci untuk pembentukan
Organisasi Perjanjian Atlantik Utara (NATO), aliansi militer antara negara-
negara Amerika Utara dan Eropa yang didirikan pada tahun 1949.
2. Apakah Marshall Plan terkait dengan Block Politic (pengaruh Komunisme)?
Menurut pendapat saya, Marshall Plan terkait Block Politic (pengaruh
Komunisme) karena Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), agen dinas rahasia AS,
menerima 5 persen dari dana yang dialokasikan berdasarkan Marshall Plan. CIA
menggunakan dana ini untuk membangun bisnis "depan" di beberapa negara Eropa
yang dirancang untuk memajukan kepentingan AS di wilayah tersebut. Badan
tersebut juga, diduga, mendanai pemberontakan anti-komunis di Ukraina, yang
pada saat itu merupakan negara satelit Soviet.

3. Menurut Anda, apakah kita harus memiliki rencana serupa untuk mempercepat
pembangunan ekonomi kita di daerah terpencil / tertinggal seperti Papua,
Ambon, Sulawesi dan Kalimantan?

Jawablah dengan kata kata anda sendiri untuk mendapatkan nilai lebih baik.
Sumber jawaban online yang berada dalam situasi Anda jadikan pegangan untuk
membantu orang-orang dalam pikiran Anda. Dengan kata lain hindarilah copy
paste.