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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Pneumonia is caused by infectious organisms entering the lungs through inhalation. This leads to an inflammatory response and multiplication of the organisms in the alveolar spaces. Fluids collect in and around the alveoli as local capillaries leak, causing edema and exudates. If not treated, the infection can spread and cause complications like hypoxemia, respiratory failure, or sepsis. Treatment involves antimicrobial therapy, bronchodilators, coughing and deep breathing exercises, and increasing fluid intake.

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413 views2 pages

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Pneumonia is caused by infectious organisms entering the lungs through inhalation. This leads to an inflammatory response and multiplication of the organisms in the alveolar spaces. Fluids collect in and around the alveoli as local capillaries leak, causing edema and exudates. If not treated, the infection can spread and cause complications like hypoxemia, respiratory failure, or sepsis. Treatment involves antimicrobial therapy, bronchodilators, coughing and deep breathing exercises, and increasing fluid intake.

Uploaded by

madelaine_espiritu
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Pneumonia:
Bronchopneumonia

Predisposing Factors Precipitating Factors


Age Airborne Pathogenic
History of weak lungs
Without history of pneumococcal
vaccination

Inhalation of infectious organism

Infectious organism penetrate airway mucosa


Inflammatory response of the lungs

Multiplication of infectious organism in the alveolar spaces


WBC migrate to the area of infection

Local capillary leak, edema and exudates

Fluids collect in and around alveoli

Diagnostic Exams: Clinical Manifestation COMPLICATIONS:


• Chest X-ray • Fever Alveolar walls thicken
and chills
• Blood/Serologic • Hypoxemia
• Exam
Plueric Chest Pain Manifests ↓ gas exchange
• Ventilatory Failure
Treatment: • Shortness of breath
• Antimicrobial RBC
therapy • Atelectasis
and fibrinand
• Crackles alsowheezes
move into alveoli
• Bronchodilators• Cough • Pleural Effusion
• Deep Breathing• and • Pleurisy
Sputum production • Continued infection despite of
Coughing Exercise
Capillary leak • Rapid,
spread of shallowinto
infection respirations
the other areas
use ofof the lungs ↓ ability
antimicrobial
Manifests therapy
of lungs to
• Increase Fluid Intake Manifests ↓
IF TREATED
•Resolution
Absolute bedrest Necrosis
Overwhelming
POOR
Abscess
of Deathoxygenate
PROGNOSIS
pulmonary
formation tissues vital
sepsis the blood moving
GOOD PROGNOSIS
Action Fibrin
provides
andexcellent
Exudates
edema Alveolar
of
culture
digested
inflammation
collapsed
media
by enzymes
tostiffen
↑ spread
the lungs
of organismcapacity
through it
IF NOT TREATED

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