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NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION

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1
PROJECT
GEMINI
101roduclion

A major goal of the U.S. manned space flight program is to put men on the
moon during this decade, and bring them safely back to earth. In the process
of achieving that goal, Project Gemini is Step Two. Step One was Project
Mercury, in which U.S. astronauts first ventured into space and completed six
flights ranging in length from fifteen minutes to thirty-four hours. Step Three
is reserved fo g - Project Apollo; its climax will be the lunar landing Project
Gemini's vital intermediate mission is concerned with further development of
spacecraft and launch vehicles, extension of the ground procedures for track-
ing, communication and control, and preparation of astronauts for operations
of ever-increasing complexity and difficulty. - Since it is flown by a crew of
two astronauts, the project was named Gemini, for the stellar twins which
have been in the sky since the beginning of time. Gernini is the third constel-
lation in the zodiac, and is shown on pictorial sky maps as the twins Castor and
Pollux, sitting together.
4=0
He G SURCecrall

In the step by step process of the

manned space flight program, the
Gemini spacecraft was designed
as a larger and more sophisticated
version of the pioneering Project
Mercury spacecraft. One obvious
resemblance is the bell shape of
Mercury, which appears again in
Gemini. There are many others.
But the differences are more
numerous and more important.

(Y 3j

Gemini was .' ;signed for two

astronauts instead of one. it is
11 feet higi and 7 112 feet in
diameter at its base, compared
with the 9 foot height and 6 foot
diameter of Mercury. Its mission
calls for maneuverability at the
will of the crew; it can turn.
change speed, move from one
orbit to another. It has means to
spot another spacecraft thousands
of miles away and proceed to the
position of that other spacecraft.
(The term for this is rendezvous.)
It can make contact with the other
craft and make fast to it. (Dock-
ing.) It can furnish life support
for its crew during a long duration
flight such as two weeks or more,
as compared with a day or so in
space for Mercury. It is possible
for one of the astronauts to step
out of Gemini and maneuver
alongside. (Extravehicular activi-
ty.) Provision has been made for
an extensive series of scientific
experiments riot specifically re-
lated to the operation of the
spacecraft.
Structurally, the Gemini space-
craft consists of two major com-
ponents: a reentry module -ind an
adapter module.
The reentry module is the
cone - plus - column - shaped unit
which encloses the astronauts'
compartment and provides life
support. In it are control systems
which enable the crew to approach
and link up with another vehicle
in space. As its name implies, it
is the reentry module which re-
turns to earth at the conclusion Whit'; s'.
of the flight; it has gas jets
(thrusters) to orient the spacecraft
for descent to earth, and para-
chutes that open after the fiery
entry into the atmosphere to sta-
bilize and slow the descent.
In the adapter module, consist-
ing of a retro section and an
equipment section. is Gemini's
orbit attitude and maneuvering
system (OHMS), which provides
Two engineers approach the Gemini spacecraft prior to its test in a spree
the capability for such extensive simulation chamber. The chamber simulates temperature and vacuum c,.
ditions encountered in space.
maneuvering as changing of orbit.
This module houses fuel cells, in Heat absorbing material is poured into the Fiberglass honeycomb to form the
spacecraft heat shield The heat shield absorbs and dissipates heat generated
which hydrogen and oxygen react on the craft's blunt surface during its entry into the atmosphere when the
craft is returning to earth
and produce electricity to power
the spacecraft systems. It houses
the retrograde rocket system
which is fired to reduce speed so
that the spacecraft will fall back
to earth. It also contains propel-
lant tanks and supporting elec-
tronic equipment. The adapter
module is shed in orbit as Gemini
prepares for return to e-irth. First.
the equipment section is left be-
hind, exposing the tetro section.
Then, after the firing of the retro
rockets, the retro section. too, is
discarded, just before the entry 1
into the atmosphere.
r

3
Cutaway view of Gemini's environmentalcontrol and reactant • ,upply systems The environmental contra l r_./%t,.n- .ud,pin •, i n Arid x-111.
tarns pressure and temperature to enable asVonautc to live .n space The reactant 5 ,• 8tem supplies hydrogen and oxygen t Ih• fr;rl rr•I.%
which produce electricity to run spacecraft equipment.

EQUIPMENT RETROPRADE I
SECTION SECTION REEN',ni MODULE AGENA DOCKING
STRUCTURE

CID z
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 GEMINI INSTRUMENT PANEL

CENTER

OVERHEAD
SWITCH/CIRCUIT BREAKER PANEL

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COMM PPO OTS

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0 - CIRCUIT BREAKER
TOGGLE SWITCH
all
LEVER-LOCK SWITCH

0 INDICATOR LIGHT

PUSHBUTTON SWITCH
PEDESTAL
xxxxx TELELIGHT

CREW DISPLAYS, CONTROLS, AND INSTRUMENTS j±

i
 PANEL

GAT STATUS DISPLAY PANEL WATER MANAGEMENT PANEL

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MAIN
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CENTER CONSOLE
 MENU FOR GEMINI
The Gemini menu ranges from
cereals, orange juice and toast
to meats. eggs, fish, and fruit
salad. For each day, it provides
about 2500 calories per person,
plus other essentials of nutrition.
Food must be prepared so
that it can be consumed by
astronauts who are weightless, in
an environment where everything
is weightless, including the food
itself. Solid foods are dehydrated
and packed in bite-sized portions,
in tubes, or as concentrates en.
closed in plastic bags in which
water may be added with - water
4 gun. Three meals for each astro
naut weigh no n.ore than a
pound, on earth.
The astronauts are careful to
prevent food particles or water
droplets from escaping. In a
condit+on of weightlessness, such
particles would drift in the cabin,
and could result in prcblems
s ra with sensitive equipment. E

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♦

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Typical dehydrated or freeze dried food products prepared for astro

nauts' meals during space flight Shnwn t l to r top to bottom) are
strawherrie%. sandwiches bread substitute. cocoa beverage, pea soup,
Potato salad, chicken with gravy and grape juice

10
 -CABIN LIGHT
Miami IrrT c,crTinti (Zret

WASTE

)RINKING
CONTROL
PANEL

VASTE STOWAGE

ECS CONTROL
SECONDAR Y 0:

ECS Cl [COVERY LIGHT

)WER SUPPLY
SECOND

SSURE VESSEL

Astronaut stations in Gemini spacecraft.

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Gemini spacecraft environmental control system test

Artist's corn,^rti — of Gemini spacecraft. The arrows indicate space Artist depicts Gemini during reentry. Arrows show how craft's orien
craft movements made possible by its thrusters. tation can be controlled during reentry. Adapter module has been
jettisoned in orbit during preparations for reentry.
 I

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Workman sprays a heat-resistant compound on the Gemini spacecraft heat
shield at McDonnell Aircraft. St. Louis.

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Allot. 13
Technician works on Gemini's inertial reference
unit. The unit provides information during flight
on Gemini's position relative to the earth's surface.
the Gemini Space Suits

A new pressure suit was developed

for the Gemini program, to pro-
vide more freedom of movement.
The suit is connected with the
cabin environmental control sys-
tem which provides a 100 percent
oxygen supply, pressurization and
humidity control, and facilities for
removing unpleasant odors. The
suits have individual regulators so
that each astronaut can select the
flow of oxygen he desires.
Oxygen enters the suit just be-
low the chest and is routed di-
rectly to the face area, the arm
areas, the leg areas, then out an
exhaust line to he purified for
reuse.
For "walking in space," in
which an astronaut leaves the
cabin to maneuver alongside, a
special EVA (for Extravehicular
Activity) Suit was designed.
The EVA suits have extra layers
of tough plastic and other equip-
ment. They provide pressure to
protect the astronauts in the
space vacuum. They resist radia-
tion and meteoroid punctures.
They furnish oxygen for breathing
and keep the astronauts from be-
coming too hot or too cold. They
provide protection against the in-
tense glare of the sun. They allow
freedom to bend bodies, arms,
legs, and fingers.
For use during EVA, the astro-
nauts carry such accessories as
extra oxygen tanks, self-contained
 _ ^
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15

Astronaut demonstrates Gemini space suit.

 rocket or jet power units for pro-
pelling themselves, special tools
for tasks they are to perform in
space, and, as a precaution,
tethers connecting them with their A NASA technician examines
the helmet of a Gemini extra-
spacecraft. The tether is part of vehicular activity space suit
like that used by Astronaut Ed-
an umbilical line for communica- ward H. White during his
"walk in space." The helmet
tion, and for oxygen supply from has two additional external
the spacecraft's reservoir. visors over the inner one.

The relatively lightweight suits

for use inside of the spacecraft
provide maximum protection, com-
A technician checks the 25-foot
fort. ease of movement, and facil- umbilical cable that carried
oxygen from the Gemini space-
ity in putting on and taking off. craft to Astronaut White. The
For additional comfort, Gemini cable also contains electric
wires for radio communica-
astronauts can remove their suits tions and a 23 1/ foot tether
that could withstand a thou
during part of their mission and sand pounds of pull.

depend on the spacecraft's earth- 17

like system.

lo,

is
ry

tb
 1. Fzce visor

2. Feeding port

I'
3. Rotatable neck ring

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4. Helmet tie down assembly
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5. Biomedical and communications
connector
t ^

6. Biomedical and communicatlons

cable

1. Suit pressure gauge

i 8. Oxygen outlet port (connected to

hose)

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9. Oxygen inlet port (connected to

oxygen line)

10. Parachute harness

r 11. Rotatable wrist rings

12. Battery for fingertip lights

13. Gloves

14. Fingertip lights

15. Dorsal zipper

Astronaut in space suit. 16 leg pockets

19
COMPONENTS OF THE ;EMINi EXTRAVEHICULAR SPACE SUIT


I UNDERWEAR

s ^— COMFORT LAYER

PRESSURE BLADDER

RESTRAINT LAYER
(LINK NET)

* \ \ BUMPER LAYERS HE t

1 ALUMINIZED THERMAL
' LAYER

FEET LAYER HT 1

OUTER LAYER HT 1

CUTAWAY VIEW OF THE GEMINI EXTRAVEHICULAR SPACE SUIT

71

A.

1A.l^ `4 `•t.
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22
Lightweight Gemini space suit (unpressurized I —pressurized r ) l4e those worn by
Gemini Astronauts Borman and Lovell during their Gemini 7 }light
 r ^.

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Be ASIPORRUIS Astronauts for Gemini flights are
assigned from the group which
began with seven jet pilots
selected for Project Mercury in
:959, and which was augmented
by the appointment of add;cional
r. pilots in September 1962 and in
October 1963. Also in the astro-
naut group are five scientist-astro-
nauts chosen in June 1965, to
train as highly specialized crew-
4S men for Project Apollo, and addi-
tional pilots appointed in April
1966.
Most of the astronauts are offi-
cers of military air services; some
are civilians.
In the first three groups, all
4 ^`
were highly skilled jet pilots be-
fore they cntared the program,
and their individual skills include
exceptional qualifications in such
specialties as test `lying and en-

F^ I Ii i
gineering.
They are based at NASA's
Manned Spacecraft Center, Hous-
ton, Texas, but their training mis-
sions take them anywhere in the
world to use special facilities or to
take advantage of special situa-
tions which will contribute to the
advancement of their knowlddge
and skills.
Aircraft are available to them to
maintain their proficiency as jet
pilots, and they frequently fly
these aircraft when they have
training missions at the Kennedy
Space Center or -trier NASA in-
stallation, or at a contractor's
bas:; of operations.
The astronauts are put through
a rigorous course of class, labora-
tory, and field training. They learn
the complexities not only of their
spacecraft but also of launch ve-
hicles and ground facilities. They
learn such classroom subjects as
upper atmosphere physics, geolo-
gy, astronomy, navigation, com

21
 puter technology, space medicine, ered arc up, over and down). erations and maneuvers which
meteorology, communications, and They learn how to conduct com- might be necessitated by emer-
the guidance, propulsion, and plex scientific and engineering ex- gencies.
aerodynamics of spacecraft. periments during space missions. The validity of this training was
In giant centrifuges, they ex- They are trained in desert, jungle, demonstrated in the space mis-
perience forces as high as 16 g and water survival routines. sion of Gemini 8, when a thruster
(gravity) which has the effect of They use simulators to "fly" fired out of control. With the aid
making a 180 pound man appear the Gemini spacecraft, accomp- of ground control, the astronauts
to weigh nearly 1 112 tons. They lishing every maneuver that will diagnosed their problem to an ex-
experience weightlessness: this is later be flown in space, including tent sufficient to permit recovery,
accomplished in an airplane flown the complete operation of rendez- and then cut their mission short
in a ''parabolic arc'' (first a dive vous and docking. The simulator and landed in one of the con-
to increase speed, then an unpow- sessions include both routine op- tingency areas.

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Scenes from the astronauts' physical examinations that precede every Gemini flight

Astronaut studies a rock sample during geol Astronauts McDivitt and White use a celestial globe to study the loca'icn of
ogy instruction. constellations they will see during their Gemini 4 flight.
26

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ICI on Th , • bends ir,trr^ ^^nt5

An i l rCraft flown thr, ijgh a parahr— c

arc—up, over and (!• :. -pr,)v rtu.. . <.t
n3ut5 with a g rief pe r iod of w(irhll.— ri,-.s when p,
< aVity 5 t, r -rnly nr i tr,rl,; rd

,49
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Astronaut James Lovell hits the water with i splash during a Astronaut John W. Young leaves Gemini spacecraft during
simulated landing. He is riding the "Dillbert Dunker." a water egress training. Astronaut Virgil 1. Grissom is already
Naval training device at Pensacola, Flnrida in the water.

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4

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 111116^ %ft

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A native guide shows four astronauts attending the Tropical Survival School in the Panama Canal Znm•
how to turn a bamboo stalk into a container for catching and storing rain water.

33 - ^ !0" ^. I . ^ t
Astronauts undergo an
test along a snow-covered moun
endurance
IMil
tain trail.
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36
Astronautuses a mirror to signal
by reflecting sun's rays.
J

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Astronauts loin one man life rafts together to
form larger unit, as part of lunp,le survival
training.
tl T

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the NOW Gemini launch Vehicles

II ^.
The two launch vehicles for Proj-
ect Gemini are Gemini-Titan and
Atlas-Agena.
The Titan part of Gemini-Titan
consists of a modified vers i on of
the military Titan II. !t is the
rocket-powered vehicle which
launches the Gemini spacecraft
into orbit.
Atlas-Agena places its Agena
upper stage into orbit as target
for Gemini rendezvous and dock-
ing experiments.
Gemini-Titan is 90 feet long
without the Gemini spacecraft. Its
two first-stage engines produce
430,000 pounds of thrust. Its
second-stage engine, which is ig-
nited in space provides 100,000
pounds of thrust. It can orbit a
satt_.lite weighing more than 8000
pounds.
The main and two auxiliary en-
gines of the 66-foot long Atlas
provide a total thrust of about
388,000 pounds. The single en-
gine of the 26-foot long Agena can
generate about 16,000 pounds of
thrust. The Agena engine can be
stopped and restarted many times.
When the Gemini astronauts link
up with Agena, th y,, can operate
its powerful rocket engine from
ti eir control panel to maneuver
Gemini/Agena as a single space-
The Gemini-Titanat moment of
blastoff. The Gemini Launch Ve craft.
hicle (GLV). a modified Titan II,
is a two stage, I quid fueled launch Atlas is an uprated version of
vehicle. 7he overall assembly,
GLV and Gemini, is 109 feet tall the vehicle that placed the Mer.
and has a maximum d ameter of
10 feet.
cury spacecraft into orbit.

77
 First stage of the launch vehicle is set up in the vertical
test cell at the Baltimore Division of the h",rtin Company

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KldOMMOMM
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Stagetwn of the GLV i • . fitti d ito a • .w^v. flrfum prior to nesting
\/ with the first stage in the vertical test cell
IR

1 ^
'ne Gem-m Launch Vehicle stand~
in t h e ve r !.,-al test cell ^,efnre
work platforms are lowered

1W T i1
Second stage GLV fuel tank, in dust free plastic igloo, is vacuum cleaned
prior to its final -issembly with other components of the launch vehicle.
 t
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a2
Technician assembles a component of the Malfunc
t,nn Detect o^ System WDS) of the GLV.

Workmen clad in protective suiting spray special materials on the top dome of the first stage section of the
launch vehicle . This coating protects the dome against fire from the second stage engines when they ignite
The second st:•ge ignites in flight and propels itself and the Gemini spacecraft to orbital velocity (about
17,500 m.p.h.).
 as
Workmen cover the two stages of a GLV with canvas, preparing for airlift to Cape Kennedy Florida

tti

The "Pregnant Guppy." a modified Boeing Stratocruiser which separates into two sections for loading. It can airlift one GLV stage at a time.

R ^

A first stage is loaded aboard the "Pregnant Guppy" for air shipment to Cape Kennedy

1 34
 "r,c•[in es

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41
After loading, the two parts of the "Pregnant Guppy" are gradually brought together

mom

49
An Air Force C-133B cargo plane can carry both stages of the Gemini Launch Vehicle.

49
The first stage is positioned horizontally on the erector at Pad 19, Cape Kennedy
 a% 114
JTR

p ^' ;4
The Gemini spacecraft is raised by
crane to the top of the launch vehicle
at Pad 19, Cape Kennedy. The assem-
bly is swung through the open door
of the white room (at top). then
lowered and tolted to the top of the
second stage.

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50 w..
The GLV first stage being erected on Pad 19 at Cape Kennedy After the first stage has
been positioned on the erector gantry, the erector slowly rises to a vertical position. When
the first stage is mated with the second stage and the Gemini spacecraft. the total weight =/_.u' 11-
.7MA
is 150 tons. This launch vehicle erector is the only one of its type at Cape Kennedy.
Ir ^ i ^^ r r' 1

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Gemini spacecraft being mated with the launch vehicle

under the supervision of McDonnell engineers. After align-
52

ment is achieved. 20 5/16 inch bolts are inserted and tight

ened.

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{ f 1,
r

r^ The white mom. This is an environmentally controlled, super

51 clean a r ea at the top of the launch vehicle erector used to
service the spacecraft It is through this area that astro
nauts enter the spacecraft prior to flight
^'►^ X111

37
 Air view of Complex (Pad) 19 at Cape Kennedy.

54

38
He Oemirli Missions

Gemini missions into space have

demonstrated that man can:
n Maneuver his craft in space.
n Leave his craft and du useful
work in space.
f n Rendezvous and dock with
another vehicle in space.
Function effectively during
prolonged space flight of at
I ^ W_
MW
A +' i•; least two weeks and retLA, n to
earth in good physical con-
l^:
dition.
n Control his spacecraft dur
ing its d(.scent from orbit
and land it within a selected
area.
These are long steps across the
frontiers of the unknown. But
Gemini has done even more. Ex-
MIA periments conducted as part of
Gemini flight missions have pro-
vided scientific, medical, and en-
gineering data that add up to a
tremendous increase in overall
knowledge.
For example, oceanographers,
meteorologists, and geographers
are uncovering a wealth of infor
mation in photographs of the
earth and its cloud cover that were
taken from orbiting Gemini craft.
Medical science is being advanced
by study of data on the Gemini
astronauts taken by instruments
before, during, and after their
flights.
 RENDEZVOUS AND DOCKING
The technology for rendezvous and docking is vital not only for
tiic manned lunar exploration program but also for other future
space operations, includ i ng- Assembly and operation of manned
orbiting space stations, satellite inspection and repair, refueling
in space, assembly in orbit of the massive vehicles envisioned for
manned interplanetary exploration, and, if ever required, the
rescue of astronauts from disabled spacecraft,

READ, BLDG

PERSONNEL DECONTAMINATION BLDG

ASTRONAUT RECOVFRV AREA

BLOCKHOUSE
J

I
y r SECOND STAGE ERECTOR ILOWERFD! CAILEWA7

( AIR CONDITIONING SHED/

\ LAUNCH VEHICIE ERECTOR /

WHITE ROOM

OXIDIZER IIAR•'1

RAMP UMBILICAL TOWER

\ ^^ SPACECRAFT CRANE
Y ^ t
Sat
-"^^ \ , • ' -PROPELLANT DISTRIBUTION SHELTER

OXIDIZER TRANSIfP LINES

\ PLUME \

l OXIDIZER DISPO^u
-

FU[t TRAN5f ER LINES

SKIMMING BASIN
FUEL FARM

EUEI VAPOR DISPOSAL UNIT

V^

Diagram of Launch Complex (Pad) 19 at Cape Kennedy.

55 L

40
 11'

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At bottom left. a Gemini-Titan stands ready for the countdown on Pad 19. Cape Kennedy. The middle photo shows the moment of lift uIf
At right. the vehicle is in flight.

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5C 57 58
 AGENA G
RENDEZVOUS TARGET
Dv.v uped t,v Lockheed GEMINI SPACECRAFT
Missiles 6 Space Deve r , l fo, n.1 ,A
Compa iy. originally for M cDonnell A,, • Ot
the Air Force Used in Corporat.on N , ar r v

w many NASA and Air

Force programs
Approximately 5 feet in
two antronowt% and
Suppnrt-nR e, lu'1 .... ent
Weigns al—,,I tv%„n -15
diameter Engine r an be much d% Met, ury ,v about
started while Agena is 20 per - -t la,ge • witft 5"
in orhit per cent ni—,- volume
ATLAS TITAN II
Developed by General Develnt„•,1 by the Morton
Dynamics Astronautics COrrp•tnv nngm.11ly for
originally for the Av the Air Fnr i r Thrust of
Force Used as a booster first staRt • 430 00U
00
in a numuer of NASA pounds ., , on,l stn(te.
and Air Force programs. 100.000 pm.i—f%
Approximately 10 feet in npproxrr»at,•I V Ill fet • t to
d i ameter acriss tank diamt h • r (an pl.ti a t, 00
°.t • ction Thrust. 367.000 pound-. info , v I ,rlh
pounds orb'f

I _- Combined height of Atlas Agena

is about 103 feet
Combined height of Titan II Gemini
craft is about 1 1 feet

59 160
Agena wady for check out by
Lockheed technicians.

GEMINI AGENA TARGET VEHICLE

GEMINI-AGENA TARGET VEHICLE

COMMAND & COMMUNICATIONS
ORBITAL POWER SUPPLY

SMULTI START

PRIMAPi PROPULSION

^^•

\ SECONDARY PROPULSION

\ BASIC AGENA I"

DOCKING ADAI'fER

SHROUD

III
62

64

Zia

64 64 B
Frorrl. Side. and var view of the Gemini 7 spacecraft Gemini 8 accomplishes docking by joining with the
taken from Gemini 6 (foreground) during their orbital Agena target vehicle Above. Agena fro-1 the window
rendezvous on De^errt bcr 15. 1965. of Gemini 8. Below. Gemini 8 moves in for final stage
of docking.
0.

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65

Astronaut White's '.walk in

space" during third revolution
o f the Gemini 4 flight.

66
 t_ . -- --

w . 1

- - - - 1-7-M
*#% :- -
The Mission Operation Contrnl Room in the Manned Spacecraft Center at Houston. Te-as. The flight controllers are
shown at their consoles during a Gemini space flight. O',servers are looking through the windows of he viewing rocm.

Stations of the Gemini manned space flight support network.

4 to

^ 1

68
 Photographs of the earth's sur-
face were taken fijm Gemini
spacecraft. Four of them are
reproduced on this page.

69
The Hadhramaut Plateau of southern Arabia

70
Mouth of Colorado River znd northern part of Gulf of California

a +
s.

a^

f 44

71
The Nile Valley in southern Egypt.

;.
k3 Nv
USTRALI

CANO

f
S trgnpr• ?ichat structures fc ncentric ridges) in northwest Africa

1(
f
 A,+
A— , ^/-.

to -'

73
Buoyed by its huge 85-foot diameter main
parachute, the Gem;ni spacecraft drifts toward
watery landing field in the Atlan t ic Ocean.

.1-
 'N V-

Ile

Aft oo

s V1

'rill

-4
Poo

A 1,
YS"
t I

fa
Hart—Apollo and 1he Moan

Project Apol l o is America's pro-

gram for manned exploration of
the moon. The Gemini missions
have proved out much of the tech-
nology needed for Apollo and have
brought conquest of the moon
within reach.
When the Apollo astronauts
head toward the moon, they will
use operational and control tech-

ni7ues pioneered in Gemini. When

they land on the moon, they will
exit from their craft wearing suits
and ba,,kpacks developed in Gem-
- ini. When they rocket their lunar
^ 1 ferry vehicle from the moon to
rendezvous and dock w;th the
Apollo parent craft that remained
in lunar orbit, they will employ
techniques proved in Gemini. And
when thev return to earth through
I^
-r the fiery heat and buffeting that
accompany reentry into the at-
mosphere, they will utilize experi-
ence acquired in Gemini.
In the long range view. the new
technology developed, tested, re-
fined, and improved in Gemini
paves the way not only for the
lunar mission but also for other
space m ssions to expand the
frontiers of man's knowledge.
ell,
 PHOTO CREDITS
PAGE 4—McDonnell

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PAGE 8-9—(5) McDonnell

PAGE 10 -(6) NASA 63-Spacefood-I1; (7) NASA 63-Spacefood-3;

(8) NASA 5-63-11006

PAGE 12—(11) (12) McDonnell

PAGE 13--(13) Honeywell; (14) NASA S-63-16250

PAGE 15--(15) NASA 64-Gemini-27; (16) NASA 64-Gemini-29

PAGE 16—(17) NAS- 65-H-862; (18) NASA 65-H-863

PAGE 17—(19) NASA 64-Gemini-27

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PAGE 20—(23) NASA 64-Gemini-28

PAGE 23- (24) NASA 65-H-424; (25) NASA 65-H-425

(26) NASA 65-H-2014; (27) NASA 65-H-866

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(35) NASA 65-H-2020; (36) NASA 65-H--2017

PAGE 30—(38) Martin

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PAGE 35—(47) (48) (49) Martin

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PAGES 38- 39—(54) Martin

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PA ,E 41—(56) (57) (58) Martin

PAGE 43—(59) (60) Lockheed; (61) NASA 65-H-2024

PAGE 44—(62) NASA 65--H-2345; (63) NASA 65-H-9342;

(64 NASA (5- H- 2343; (64A) NASA 66-H-223: (64B) NASA 56-H-225

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