Diatomite outcrop oil seepages,
McKittrick, California
Geology &
Geophysics
of Petroleum
Pengantar Ilmu dan Industri Migas
Firman Sauqi Nur Sabila, S.T., M.T.
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o Introduction to Petroleum System
Outline o Petroleum Geology
o Petroleum Exploration
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Introduction to
Petroleum System
“Oil has a complex system”
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What is
petroleum
?
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pe·tro·le·um
A thick, flammable, yellow-to-black
mixture of gaseous, liquid, and solid
hydrocarbons that occurs naturally
beneath the earth's surface, can be
What is separated into fractions including
natural gas, gasoline, naphtha,
petroleum kerosene, fuel and lubricating oils,
paraffin wax, and asphalt and is used
? as raw material for a wide variety of
derivative products.
(American Heritage Dictionary)
The word petroleum comes from the
Latin petra, meaning “rock,”
and oleum, meaning “oil.”
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The First Oil Well
Pennsylvania, US
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ID`s First Oil Well
Telaga Said, North Sumatra
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Origin of Petroleum
Million of years ago, the earth was
populated with plants and
animals. Much of that life was located
in or adjacent to ancient rivers, lakes,
and sea. As plants and animals died,
their remains settled to the bottom of
these bodies of water. Ancient rivers
carried mud and sand that buried the
organic material. As layers of organic
material continued to build up, the
oxygen supply to the lower layers
eventually was cut off and
decomposition slowed down. The
thickness of such layers grew to 100s of
feet over the time.
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Origin of Petroleum
Organic Theory Anorganic Theory
“It is the most widely accepted. The oil and gas “States that hydrogen and carbon came
are formed from remains of prehistoric plants together under great temperature and
and animals. Remains of plants have been pressure, far below the earth’s surface and
transformed to coal and animals to oil and gas. formed oil and gas where chemical reactions
have occurred.”
These remains were settled into seas and
accumulated at the ocean floor and • Metal Carbide Theory
buried under several kilometers of sediments.
Over a few million years, the layers of the • Volcanic Theory
organic material were compressed under the
weight of the sediments above them. After • Earthquake Theory
further burial and heating, the kerogen
transformed via cracking into petroleum and • Serpentinization Theory
natural gas.”
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Origin of Petroleum
By organic theory, scientist discover the
type of organism that able to construct
the hydrocarbon.
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Petroleum System
• Generative Sub-System
• Migration Sub-System
• Entrapment Sub-System
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Petroleum System
• Source
• Migration
• Reservoir
• Trap
• Seal
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Petroleum System
• Locating the Source Rock
• Trace the Migration
• Identify the Petroleum
Accumulation
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aapg
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Petroleum Geology
“The core of petroleum industry”
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Petroleum Geology
• Basin Analysis
• Petroleum System
• Petroleum Exploration
• Field Development
• Reservoir Characterization
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Basin Analysis
• Sedimentary Basin
• Petroleum Basin
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Basin Formation
nps.gov
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Analyzing
Petroleum System
GENERATIVE SUB-SYSTEM:
• Source Rocks
• Maturity
• Expultion
• Kitchen Area
MIGRATION SUB-SYSTEM
ENTRAPMENT SUB-SYSTEM
PETROLEUM SYSTEM CHART
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Petroleum
Exploration
PETROLEUM SYSTEM ANALYSIS:
• Generative Sub System
• Migration Sub System
• Entrapment Sub System
PROSPECT GENERATION:
• Play Concept Analysis
• Mapping
• Prospect Evaluation
• Prospect Ranking
EXPLORATION DRILLING
(WILDCAT)
• Drilling Prognosis
• Drilling Execution
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Field Development
G&G ANALYSIS
• Correlation
• Petrophysical Analysis
• Mapping
• Hydrocarbon Contact Evaluation
• Reserve Estimation
RESERVOIR SIMULATION
• Field Develompent Scenario
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Reservoir
Characterization
SEDIMENTOLOGY:
1. SILISICLASTIC
DEPOSITION
2. CARBONATE DEPOSITION
SILICICLASTIC RESERVOIR:
1. FLUVIAL System
2. DELTAIC System
3. SHALLOW MARINE
System
4. DEEP WATER System
CARBONATE RESERVOIR
FRACTURE RESERVOIR
VOLCANIC RESERVOIR
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Petroleum Potential
“Oil is firstly found in our mind”
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(Doust and Noble, 2008)
Petroleum
Geology of
Indonesia
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(Doust and Noble, 2008)
Petroleum
Geology of
Indonesia
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The Opportunity
(Doust and Noble, 2008)
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The Opportunity
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Conventional v
Unconventional
What the differences?
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“Geology is a language
for petroleum engineers
to communicate with
subsurface of the earth”
See U on Field !
sauqi@geologist.com
sauqi@unej.ac.id
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