June 06, 2015  

    -  Defensor-Santiago v. Guingona, GR 134577, Nov. 18, 1998 

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 1       -  Francisco v. House of Representatives, GR 160261, Nov. 10,
2003
POLITICAL LAW
      Judicial Supremacy vs. Constitutional Supremacy
      Defined
      -  People v. Perfecto, 43 Phil. 887       Political vs. Justiciable Question
      -  Macariola v. Asuncion, 114 SCRA 77             -  Baker v. Carr, 396 US 186
            -  Nixon v. US, 506 US 224
            -  Goldwater v. Carter, 444 US 996, 62 L.Ed.2d 428
            -  Sanidad v. Comelec, 73 SCRA 333
            -  Estrada v. Arroyo, G.R. No. 146738, March 2, 2001
THE PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION
            -  Brillantes v. Concepcion, GR 163193, June 15, 2004
Nature of the Constitution
      Presumption of Constitutionality
      Definition;
            -  Lim v. Pacquing, GR 115044, Jan. 27, 1995
      Classification;
      Qualities and essential parts of a good written Constitution
Requisites of Judicial Review:
Ratification / Political vs. Justiciable Question
1.  Actual Case or Controversy
      -  Javellana v. Executive Secretary, 50 SCRA 33
      -  Board of Optometry v. Colet, GR 122241, July 30, 1996
      -  Mariano v. Comelec, 242 SCRA 211
Constitutional Construction
      -  Fernandez v. Torres, 215 SCRA 489
      -  Perfecto v. Meer, 85 Phil. 552
      -  La Bugal-B’laan Tribal Assn. v. DENR Secretary, GR
      -  Endencia v. David, 93 Phil. 696
127882, Jan. 27, 2004
      -  Nitafan v. Commisioner of Internal Revenue, 152 SCRA 284
   
      Ripeness
Self-executing provisions
            -  City of Los Angeles v. Lyons, 461 US 95, 75 L.Ed.2d
      -  Manila Prince Hotel v. GSIS, GR 122156, Feb. 3, 1997
675
   
Constitutional History
      Mootness
      Pre-1935 Constitution
            -  David v. Macapagal-Arroyo (PP1017), GR 171396, May
      Schurman Commission
3, 2006
      Taft Commission
            -  La Bugal-B’laan Tribal Assn. v. DENR Secretary, GR
      Spooner Amendment
127882, Dec. 1, 2004
      Philippine Bill of 1902
            -  DeFunis v. Odegaard, 416 US 312, 40 L.Ed.2d 164
      Jones Law of 1916
      Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934
2.  Proper Party
      Conventional Standing
      1935 Constitution
            -  Warth v. Seldin, 422 US 490, 45 L.Ed.2d. 343
      Declaration of Martial Law
      Representative Standing
            -  Aquino v. Enrile, 59 SCRA 183
   
      Jus Tertii standing
      1973 Constitution
            -  Craig v. Boren, 429 US 190, 50 L.Ed.2d. 397
            -  Javellana v. Executive Secretary, 50 SCRA 33
      Transcendental importance to the public
      1986 Snap Presidential Election
            -  Tatad v. Garcia, 243 SCRA 436
            -  Philippine Bar Association. v. Comelec, 140 SCRA 455
            -  Kilosbayan v. Guingona, 232 SCRA 110
            -  Kilosbayan v. Morato, 246 SCRA 540
      People Power Revolt
            -  Kilosbayan v. Morato (Recon.), GR 118910, Nov. 16,
            Proclamation No. 1, Feb. 25, 1986
1995
            Proc. No. 3, Mar. 25, 1986
               -  Lawyers League v. Aquino, GR 73748, May 22, 1986
      Standing of members of Congress
               -  In re: Bermudez, 145 SCRA 160
            -  Philconsa v. Enriquez, 235 SCRA 506
            Freedom Constitution
            -  Bagatsing v. Committee on Privatization, GR 112399,
1987 Constitution
July 14, 1995
      -  In re: Letter of Reynato Puno, June 29, 1992, 210 SCRA
      Standing of Integrated Bar of the Philippines
      Effectivity of the 1987 Constitution
            -  IBP v. Zamora, G.R. No. 141284, August 15, 2000
            -  De Leon v. Esguerra, 153 SCRA 602
      Standing of the Government to question its own laws
            -  People v. Vera, 65 Phil. 56
AMENDMENT PROCESS
      Amendment vs. Revision
      Taxpayer’s Suits
      Procedure
            -  Bayan v. Zamora, G.R. No. 138570, October 10, 2000
            1. Proposal
            -  Gonzales v. Narvasa, G.R. No. 140835, August 14, 2000
                  a.  By Congress
                  b.  By a Constitutional Convention
3.  Question must be raised at the earliest possible opportunity
                        Theories on Position of Constitutional Convention
                  c.  By the People thru Initiative
4.  Constitutional question must the very "lis mota" of the case
                        RA 6735
                              -  Defensor-Santiago v. Comelec, GR 127325,
      Doctrine of Purposeful Hesitation
March 19, 1997
            -  Drilon v. Lim, GR 112497, Aug. 4, 1994
            2.  Ratification
      Functions of Judicial Review
                  Doctrine of Proper Submission
                        -  Tolentino v. Comelec, 41 SCRA 702
      Effects of Declaration of Unconstitutionality
   
            Doctrine of Operative Fact
      Judicial Review of Amendments
                  -  Republic v. CA, GR 79732, Nov. 8, 1993
            -  Javellana v. Executive Secretary, 50 SCRA 30
            -  Sanidad v. Comelec, 73 SCRA 333
CONCEPT OF STATE

1.  People
POWER OF JUDICIAL REVIEW
      -  Marbury v. Madison, 5 US 137, 2 L.Ed. 60
      Citizenship
      Citizenship vs Nationality                         -  Municipality of San Fernando v. Judge Firme,
      Modes of Acquiring citizenship 195 SCRA 692 
      Citizens of the Philippines             Unincorporated
            -  Moy Ya Lim Yao v. Commissioner of Immigration, 41                   If principal function is governmental
SCRA 292                         -  Farolan v. CTA 217 SCRA 298
            -  Djumantan v. Domingo, Jan. 30, 1995                   If proprietary suable
      Election of Philippine citizenship    
            -  In re: Vicente Ching, Bar Matter No. 914, October 1,       Suits against Public Officers
1999             -  City of Angeles v. CA, Aug. 28,1996
      Doctrine of implied election             -  Veterans Manpower v. CA, 214 SCRA 286
            -  Co v. HRET, G.R. No. 92191-92, July 30, 1991             -  Wylie v. Rarang, 209 SCRA 357
      Natural-born citizens
            -  Bengson v. HRET, G.R. No. 142840, May 7, 2001       Consent to be sued
            -  Tecson v. Comelec, G.R. No. 161434, March 3, 2004             Express Consent
      Dual citizenship & dual allegiance                   -  Republic v. Feliciano, 148 SCRA 424
            -  Mercado v. Manzano, GR 135083, May 26, 1999                   General Law
      Res judicata in citizenship cases                         -  CA 327; PD 1445; Art. 2180; Act No. 3038
      Doctrine of Indelible Allegiance                   Special Law
                        -  Meritt v. Gov't. of the Phil. Islands, 34 Phil. 311
      Naturalization             
            -  Republic v. De la Rosa, 232 SCRA 785             Implied Consent
                      When State commences litigation
      Loss of citizenship                         -  Froilan v. Pan Oriental Shipping, Sept. 30, 1954
            -  By naturalization in a foreign country                   When State enters into a business contract
                  -  Frivaldo v. Comelec, 174 SCRA 245                         -  USA v. Ruiz, 136 SCRA 487
                  -  Labo v. Comelec, 176 SCRA 1
            -  By express renunciation or expatriation             Suability not outright liability
                  -  Yu v. Defensor-Santiago, 169 SCRA 364                   -  Meritt v. Gov't. of the Phil. Islands, 34 Phil. 311
                  -  Fontanilla v. Maliaman, 194 SCRA 486
      Reacquisition of citizenship, RA 8171
            Retroactivity of Repatriation             Consent to be sued does not include consent to execution
                  -  Frivaldo v. Comelec, 257 SCRA 727, June 28, 1996                   -  Republic v. Villasor, 54 SCRA 84
                  -  Municipality of San Miguel v. Fernandez, 130 SCRA
      Suffrage 56
            -  Akbayan Youth v. Comelec, G.R. No. 147066, March 26,                   -  Municipality of Makati v. CA, 190 SCRA 206
2001    
            -  Makalintal v. Comelec, GR 157013, July 10, 2003       Immunity cannot be used to perpetrate an injustice on a citizen
            -  Ministerio v. CFI of Cebu, 40 SCRA 464
2.  Territory
      Philippine Archipelago
      Archipelago Doctrine PRINCIPLES AND STATE POLICIES
      UN Convention on the Law of the Sea       Preamble
      Republicanism
3.  Government             Manifestations
      Functions                   1.  Nemo est supra leges
            Constituent vs. Ministrant                         -  Villavicencio v. Lukban, 39 Phil. 778
            Laissez-faire vs. Welfare State                   2.  Rule of majority
      Doctrine of Parens Patriae                   3.  Accountability of Public Officials
            -  Gov't. of Phil. Islands v. Monte de Piedad, 35 Phil. 728                   4.  Bill of Rights
            -  Cabanas v. Pilapil, 58 SCRA 94                   5.  Legislature cannot pass irrepealable laws
      Classification: De Jure vs De Facto                   6.  Separation of Powers
            -  Lawyers League v. Aquino, GR 73748, May 22, 1986                         Principle of Blending of Powers
                        Principle of Checks and Balances
4.  Sovereignty                               -  The Steel Seizure case, 343 US 579, 96 L.Ed.
      Change in sovereignty 1153
            -  People v. Perfecto, 43 Phil. 887                               -  Bowsher v. Synar, 478 US 714
            -  Macariola v. Asuncion, 114 SCRA 77                               -  Senate v. Ermita (E.O.464), G.R. No. 169777
      Belligerent Occupation                   7.  Non-delegation of powers
                              -  Phil. Interisland Shipping Ass'n. v. CA, GR
      Doctrine of Jus Postliminium 100481, Jan. 22, 1997
      Dominium vs. Imperium                         Potestas delegata non delegare potest
      Derogation of Philippine Sovereignty; The Visiting Forces
Agreement                         Permissible Delegation
            -  Bayan v. Zamora, G.R. No. 138570, October 10, 2000                               a.  Tariff Powers to the President
                              b.  Emergency Powers to the President
                                    -  First Emergency Powers cases, 84 Phil.
DOCTRINE OF STATE IMMUNITY 368
      Basis                                     -  Second Emergency Powers cases, 92 Phil.
            -  U.S.A. vs. Reyes, March 1, 1993 603
                                  c.  Delegation to the People
      Immunity of Foreign States & Diplomats                               d.  Delegation to Local Government Units
            Principle of par in parem non habet imperium                               e.  Delegation to the Administrative Bodies
            Process of Suggestion                                     Power of Subordinate Legislation
                  -  The Holy See v. RTC, GR 101949, Dec. 1, 1994                                           -  Miners Association v. Factoran, GR
Determination of Immunity by the Department of Foreign Affairs 98332, Jan. 16, 1995
         -  Liang v. People, G.R. No. 125865, January 28, 2000                                     Principle of Subdelegation of Powers
                                        Doctrine of Qualified Political Agency
      Immunity of International Organizations and Agencies
            -  SEAFDEC v. NLRC, 241 SCRA 580                         Tests for valid delegation
            -  Callado v. IRRI, 244 SCRA 210                               a.  Completeness Test
            -  DFA v. NLRC, Sept. 18, 1996                               b.  Sufficient Standard Test
                                        -  Ynot v. IAC, 148 SCRA 659     
      Immunity of Government Agencies                                     -  De la Llana v. Alba, 112 SCRA 294
            Incorporated                                     Legislative standard need not be expressed
                  Municipal Corporations                                           -  Hirabashi v. United States, 320 US 99
                                          -  Chiongbian v. Orbos, 245 SCRA 253
                  8.  State Immunity (supra)
                  9.  Election through popular will       House of Representatives
            Composition (District Representatives; Party-list
      Act of State Representatives)
      Incorporation Clause
      Conflict between municipal law and international law             Party-list Representatives
            -  Ichong v. Hernandez, 101 Phil. 115                   -  Veterans Federation Party v. Comelec, G.R. No.
      Civilian Supremacy 136781, October 6, 2000
            -  IBP v. Zamora, G.R. No. 141284, August 15, 2000                   -  Ang Bagong Bayani-OFW Labor Party v. Comelec,
      Government to serve and protect the people G.R. No. 147589, June 26, 2001
      People to defend the State
      Separation of Church and State             Apportionment of Legislative Districts
      Independent Foreign Policy                   -  Baker v. Carr, 369 US 186
      Nuclear Free Philippines                   -  Mariano v. Comelec, 242 SCRA 211
      Just and dynamic social order                   -  Montejo v. Comelec, GR 118702, Mar. 19, 1995
                  Gerrymandering
      Social Justice                   Doctrine of Equal Representation
            -  Calalang v. Williams, 70 Phil. 726
      Respect for human dignity and human rights             Qualifications
      Fundamental Equality of men and women                   -  Marcos v. Comelec, 248 SCRA 300
                  -  Aquino v. Comelec, Sept. 18, 1995
      Promotion of health and ecology                   Theory of legal impossibility
            -  Oposa v. Factoran, GR 1010183, July 30, 1993
      Priority to education, science and technology                   Natural-born
      Protection to labor                         -  Bengson v. HRET, G.R. No. 142840, May 7,
      Land Reform 2001
            -  Ass'n. of Small Land Owners v. Sec. of Agrarian Reform,
175 SCRA 343             Term of office

      Regalian Doctrine             Privileges

            -  Republic v. CA, CCP  Intervenor, GR 103882, Nov. 25,                   Freedom from Arrest
1998                   Parliamentary Immunity
            -  Cruz v. DENR Secretary, G.R. No. 135385, December 6,                         -  Eastland v. US Servicemen's Fund, 421 US 491
2000                         -  Hutchinson v. Proxmire, 443 US 111
            -  La Bugal-B’laan Tribal Assn. v. DENR Secretary, GR                         -  Jimenez v. Cabangbang, 17 SCRA 714
127882, Jan. 27, 2004
            Disqualifications and Inhibitions
      Inalienable Lands of the Public Domain                   Effect of Imprisonment
            -  Chavez v. PEA & AMARI, GR 133250, Nov. 11, 2003                         -  People v. Jalosjos, G.R. Nos. 132875-76,
February 3, 2000     
      Independent People's organizations
            Sessions; Adjournment; Officers
      Family and Youth                   -  Santiago v. Guingona, G.R. No. 147589, June 26,
            -  Meyer v. Nebraska, 263 US 393 2001
            -  Pierce v. Society of Sisters, 268 US 510
            -  Wisconsin v. Yoder, 40 LW 4476             Quorum
            -  Cabanas v. Pilapil, 58 SCRA 94                   -  Avelino v. Cuenco, 83 Phil. 17

      Self-reliant and independent national economy             Rules of Proceedings

            -  Tañada v. Angara (GATT case), GR 118295, May 2,                   -  Arroyo v. De Venecia (Sin-taxes case), GR 127255,
1997 Aug. 14, 1997

      Communication and information in nation-building             Discipline of members

                  Suspension vs. Preventive Suspension
      Autonomy of Local Governments                   -  Santiago v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 128055.  April
            Decentralization of Administration vs. decentralization of 18, 2001
Power
                  -  Limbonas v. Mangelin, 170 SCRA 786             Enrolled Bill Theory
                  -  Basco v. PAGCOR, 197 SCRA 52                   -  Mabanag v. Lopez Vito, 78 Phil. 1
                  -  Casco Chemical v. Gimenez, 7 SCRA 347
            Autonomous Region                   Legislative Journal vs. Enrolled Bill
                  -  Disomangcop v. DPWH Secretary, GR 149848,
November 25, 2004             Electoral Tribunals
                  Composition
       Indigenous Cultural Communities                         -  Bondoc v. Pineda, 201 SCRA 792
            -  Cruz v. DENR Secretary, G.R. No. 135385, December 6,                         -  Abbas v. Senate Electoral Tribunal, 166 SCRA
2000 651
                  Powers
      Honest public service and full public disclosure                         -  Aquino v. Comelec, Sept. 18, 1995
                        -  Sampayan v. Daza, 213 SCRA 807
                  Jurisdiction over Proclamation Controversy
LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT                         -  Caruncho v. Comelec, G.R. No. 135996,
      Legislative power September 30, 1999
            Initiative, referendum and Recall
                  -  Defensor-Santiago v. Comelec, GR 127325, March             Commission on Appointments
19, 1997                   Composition
                  Indirect Initiative                         -  Guingona v. Gonzales, 214 SCRA 789
                        -  SBMA v. Comelec, Sept. 26, 1996                   Powers
            Recall                         -  Sarmiento v. Mison, 156 SCRA 549
                  -  Garcia v. Comelec, Oct. 5, 1993
                  Loss of confidence, a political question       Powers of Congress
                        -  Evardone v. Comelec, 204 SCRA 464, 472             General Legislative Power
                  Limitations
      Bicameralism vs. Unicameralism                         Substantive Limitations
                        Procedural Limitations
      Senate                               One Bill, one subject
                                    -  Guzman v. Comelec, G.R. No. 129118,             Rules on Succession
July 19, 2000                   Vacancy at beginning of term
                              Sufficiency of Title                   Vacancy during the term
                                    -  Phil. Judges Association v. Prado, GR                   Temporary Disability
105371, Nov. 11, 1993
                                    -  Chongbian v. Orbos, 245 SCRA 253             Removal of the President
                              Bills that must originate exclusively from the                   - Estrada v. Arroyo, G.R. No. 146738, March 2, 2001
House                   - Decision on Motion for Reconsideration, April 3,
                                    -  Tolentino v. Secretary of Finance, GR 2001
115455, Aug. 25, 1994    
                                    -  Decision on Motion for Reconsideration,             Powers
Oct. 30, 1995                   Executive Power
                              Three readings on separate days                         -  Planas v. Gil, 67 Phil. 62
                              Bicameral Conference Committee                         -  Myers, Administratrix v. United States, 272 US
52
                  Legislative Process
                        Approval of Bills                   Legislative Powers
                              Presidential veto                         -  Municipality of San Juan v. CA, Sept. 29, 1997
                              Pocket veto                         -  Ople v. Torres, GR 127685, July 23, 1998
                              Item veto
                                    -  Bengzon v. Drilon, 208 SCRA 133
                  Residual Powers
                              Legislative veto; One-House Veto                         -  Marcos v. Manglapus, 177 SCRA 668
                                    -  Immigration Service v. Chadha, 462 US
919, 77 L.Ed.2d 317                   Power to Determine National Policy
                                    -  Phil. Constitution Association v. Enriquez,                         -  The Steel Seizure case, 343 US 579, 96 L.Ed.
235 SCRA 506 1153

                  Prosecution of Crimes
            Power of the Purse                         -  Webb v. De Leon, 247 SCRA 652
                  Implied limitations on appropriation measure
                        -  Guingona v. Carague, 196 SCRA 221                   Creation of Preparatory Committee on Constitutional
                  Constitutional limitations and rules Reforms
                        Riders                         -  Gonzales v. Narvasa, G.R. No. 140835, August
                        Sub rosa appropriation 14, 2000
                        Prohibition against transfer of appropriation
                              -  Phil. Constitution Association v. Enriquez,                   Appointing Power
235 SCRA 506                         Discretionary power
                              -  Flores v. Drilon, GR 104732, June 22, 1993
            Power of Taxation                               -  Gordon v. Judge Santos, CA-GR Sp No.
                  -  McCulloch v. Maryland, 17 US (4 Wheat, 316) 48339, Aug. 21, 1998
                              -  Gordon v. CA, GR 134900, Sept. 1, 1998 
            Power of Legislative Investigation                               -  Luego v. Civil Service Commission, 143
                  -  Senate v. Ermita (E.O.464), G.R. No. 169777 SCRA 327
                  -  Bengzon v. Senate Blue Ribbon Committee, 203                         Classes of Appointment
SCRA 767                               -  Gaminde v. COA, G.R. No. 140335,
December 13, 2000
            Power to Punish contempt                         Appointments subject to confirmation of
                  -  Arnault v. Nazareno, 87 Phil. 29 Commission on Appointments
                  -  Arnault v. Balagtas, 97 Phil. 358                               -  Sarmiento v. Mison, 156 SCRA 549
                              -  Manalo v. Sistoza, GR 107369, Aug. 11, 1999
            Power to declare existence of state of war                         Limitations on the Appointment Power
                  -  The Prize cases, 67 US 635, 17 L.Ed. 459                         Power of Removal
                  -  Mora v. McNamara, 389 US 934, 19 L.Ed.2d 287    
                  Power of Control
                        Control vs. Supervision
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT                               -  Drilon v. Lim, GR 112497, Aug. 4, 1994
      President and Vice-President                         Alter-ego Principle or Doctrine of Qualified
            Qualifications Political Agency
      Natural-born Citizen                               -  Carpio v. Executive Secretary, Feb. 14, 1992
            -  Tecson v. Comelec, G.R. No. 161434, March 3, 2004                         The Executive Secretary
                              -  Lacson-Magallanes v. Pano, 21 SCRA 895
            Election
                  Congress as canvassing board                   Military Powers
                  Supreme Court as Electoral Tribunal                         Commander-in-chief clause
                        -  Defensor-Santiago v. Ramos, PET Case no. 001,                               -  Ex Parte Milligan, 71 US 2
Feb. 13, 1996                               -  David v. Macapagal-Arroyo (PP1017), GR
            Term of office 171396, May 3, 2006
                              -  Aquino v. Military Commission No. 2, 63
            Privileges SCRA 546
                  Official residence                               -  Olaguer v. Military Commission No. 34, 150
                  Salary SCRA 144
                              -  Carpio v. Executive Secretary, supra
                  Presidential Immunity             
                        -  In re: Bermudez, 145 SCRA 160                         Calling Out the Armed Forces
                        -  Beltran v. Makasiar, 167 SCRA 393                               -  IBP v. Zamora, G.R. No. 141284, August 15,
                        -  US v. Nixon, 418 US 683, 41 L.Ed.2d 1039 2000
                        -  Nixon v. Fitzgerald, 457 US 731             
                        -  Clinton v. Jones, 520 US 681, May 27, 1997                         Declaration of State of Rebellion
                        -  Estrada v. Arroyo, G.R. No. 146738, March 2,                               -  Lacson v. Perez, G.R. No. 147780, May 10,
2001 2001
                        -  Decision on Motion for Reconsideration, April 3,
2001                         Declaration of martial law
                              -  Aquino v. Enrile, 59 SCRA 183
            Prohibitions and inhibitions             
                        Suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas       SC Revised Admin. Cir. 1-95
corpus
                              -  Barcelon v. Baker, 5 Phil. 87 1.  Civil Service Commission
                              -  Montenegro v. Castañeda, 91 Phil. 882       Scope of the Civil Service
                              -  Lansang v. Garcia, 42 SCRA 448             -  DOH v. NLRC, 251 SCRA 700
                              -  Garcia-Padilla v. Enrile, 121 SCRA 472       Approval of appointments
            -  Luego v. Civil Service Commission, 143 SCRA 327
                  Pardoning Power             -  Ramonte v. CSC, 244 SCRA 498
                        -  People v. Salle, 250 SCRA 581, Dec. 4, 1995
                        -  Monsanto v. Factoran, 170 SCRA 190 2.  Commission on Elections
                        -  Garcia v. Chairman, COA, 226 SCRA 356       En Banc and Division cases
                        Pardon vs. Amnesty             -  Sarmiento v. Comelec, 212 SCRA 307
      Powers and Functions
                  Diplomatic Power             -  Relampagos v. Cumba, 243 SCRA 690
                        -  Dames & Moore v. Regan, 453 US 654             -  Loong v. Comelec, GR 133676, Apr. 14, 1999
                        Treaties vs. Executive Agreements       Exclusive Original Jurisdiction and Appellate Jurisdiction
            -  Guieb v. Fontanilla, 247 SCRA 348, Aug. 14, 1995
                  Power to Impound       Special Registration of New Voters
                        -  Philconsa v. Enriquez, Aug. 19, 1994             -  Akbayan Youth v. Comelec, G.R. No. 147066, March 26,
2001

JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT 3.  Commission on Audit

      Judicial Power             -  Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. COA, GR 101976,
            Expanded jurisdiction Jan. 29, 1993
                  Effect on the political question doctrine

            Jurisdiction ACCOUNTABILITY OF PUBLIC OFFICERS

                  -  Diaz v. CA, Dec. 5, 1994
                  -  First Lepanto Ceramics v. CA, Oct. 7, 1994       Impeachment
            Impeachable Officers
      Constitutional Safeguards to insure independence of the             Grounds for Impeachment
Judiciary             Procedure
            Justices/judges may not be designated to any agency                   -  Romulo v. Yniguez, 141 SCRA 263
performing non-judicial functions             Impeachment and Criminal Prosecution
            Fiscal Autonomy                   -  Estrada v. Arroyo, G.R. No. 146738, March 2, 2001
                  -  Decision on Motion for Reconsideration, April 3,
      Power of Judicial Review 2001

      Appointment to the Judiciary       Sandiganbayan

            Procedure for Appointment             Jurisdiction
            Judicial and Bar Council                   -  Lacson v. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 128096,
    January 20, 1999
      Supreme Court
            Composition       Ombudsman
            En Banc & Division cases             Supervision and control
                  Fortich v. Corona, G.R. No. 131457, August 19, 1999                   -  Acop v. Office of the Ombudsman, 248 SCRA 566
            Prosecutorial Powers
            Powers                   -  Camanag v. Guerrero, GR 121017, Feb. 17, 1997
                  Supervision over the Judiciary             Power to issue subpoena;  Form of complaint
                        -  Dolalas v. Office of the Ombudsman, Dec. 24,                   -  Almonte v. Vasquez, 244 SCRA 266
1996             Power to Investigate Administrative Charges
                  Rule-making powers                   Concurrent with the Office of the President
                        -  Maniago v. CA, 253 SCRA 674                         -  Hagad v. Dadole, 241 SCRA 242
                  Mandatory Review of Death Penalty Cases                   Concurrent with the DOJ
                        -  People v. Esparas, GR 120034, Aug. 20, 1996                         -  Honasan v. DOJ Panel of Investigating
            Writ of Amparo Prosecutors, GR 159747, Apr. 13, 2004
            Equipoise Doctrine             Power to investigate cases of ill-gotten wealth after Feb.
            Decisions of the Court 25, 1996
                  -  Nicos Industrial Corp. v. CA, 206 SCRA 127                   -  Republic v. Sandiganbayan, Sept. 24, 1994
                  -  Prudential Bank v. Castro, 158 SCRA 646              Ombudsman for the Military
                  -  Agbay v. Deputy Ombudsman for the Military, G.R.
            Power to control execution of decision No. 134503, July 2, 1999
                  -  Echegaray v. Secretary of Justice, GR 132601, Jan.          
19, 1999       Special Prosecutor
                         -  Zaldivar v. Gonzales, 160 SCRA 843
            Tenure of Justices/Judges
                  -  De la Llana v. Alba, 112 SCRA 294       Commission on Human Rights
            Removal and Discipline             Powers and Functions of the Commission
                  -  Maceda v. Ombudsman, GR 102781, Apr. 22, 1993                   -  Cariño v. CHR, GR 96681, Dec. 2, 1991
                  -  People v. Gacott, 246 SCRA 52             Civil Rights vs. Political Rights
            Salaries                   -  Simon v. CHR, 229 SCRA 117, Jan. 5, 1994
                  -  Perfecto v. Meer, 85 Phil. 552            Fiscal Autonomy
                  -  Endencia v. David, 93 Phil. 696                   -  CHR Employees Assn. v. CHR, GR No. 155336,
                  -  Nitafan v. Commisioner of Internal Revenue, 152 Nov. 25, 2004
SCRA 284
      Presidential Commission on Good Government
            -  Chavez v. PCGG, GR 130716, Dec. 9, 1998
INDEPENDENT CONSTITUTIONAL COMMISSION             -  Cojuangco v. Roxas, 195 SCRA 797
      Safeguards to insure the independence of the Commissions             -  Republic v. Sandiganbayan, 258 SCRA 685
            Prohibition on appointment in an acting capacity             -  Romualdez v. Sandiganbayan, 244 S 152
                  -  Brillantes v. Yorac, 192 SCRA 358       
      Disqualifications and Inhibitions             Sequestration
      Decisions -  Certiorari to the Supreme Court                   -  Republic v. Sandiganbayan, GR 106244, Jan. 22,
            -  Galido v. Comelec, Jan. 18, 1991 1997     
            -  Reyes v. RTC, 244 SCRA 41       
            -  Garces v. CA, July 17, 1996             Order signed by only one commissioner
                  -  Republic v. Sandiganbayan, GR 113420, Mar. 7,
1997

            Imprescriptibility of Right of State to Recover Ill-gotten

Wealth
                  - Presidential Committee on Behest Loans v. Desierto,
G.R. No. 130140, October 25, 1999