Chapter 3
Methodology
In this chapter, there's a sequence of well clarified, elaborated research methods
that's imperative to researchers - allowing them to scrutinize certain information
circumventing the phenomenon happening throughout the research; allowing the
readers to critically evaluate the overall validity and reliability. This will go as
researchers will explain what's going through the research and how researchers do it
and what statistical methods researchers used while processing the study, in written
form. The methodology section is consisting of research design, sample, data process,
and methods, participants of the study, and the statistical method that's going to use;
this will open the obfuscate overall aims of the study.
Research Design
This research provides insights that are accurate and unbiased; a quantitative
approach is used in this study. It employs the non-experimental design utilizing a
comparative strategy. This design tends to be more fixed and austere, with variables
and certain methods determined in advance of data collection. Quantitative research
design refers to cases where statistical conclusions are necessary for the collection of
actionable insights. Numbers have a clearer viewpoint for making important decisions.
In a comparative approach, researchers involve the analysis and synthesis of the
differences, similarities among two common cases in the educational landscape.
Quantitative data analysis is widely used by researchers in analyzing numerical data,
hence using a statistical method. A recent synthesis by Esser and Hanitzsch (2012)
concluded that comparative research design involves comparisons between a minimum
of two macro‐level cases (systems, cultures, markets, or their sub‐elements). Bukhari,
Syed Aftab Hassan (2011) stated that comparative research design is used to describe
and compares two or more objects or ideas. It shows how two subjects are similar or
show how two subjects are different. In gathering the primary data, questionnaires
surveys are distributed to appropriate respondents; who researchers assured that can
perceive their situation and can provide comments and remarks especially with regards
to their current track. Researchers used statistical methods to properly analyze
averages, frequencies, patterns, and correlations between variables. In creating a
research design, Researchers clearly define the variable and formulate hypotheses
about the relationships between them before proceeding in choosing the statistical
method to test the hypotheses; also, for the objective in creating a benchmark in
measuring the preferred method and providing certain recommendation- improving the
new learning method promulgated. Research questions are based on the perception of
the respondents regards to the learning environment they usually experiencing the
current now. The new normal learning system is considered as the host environment
and the old system will be the basis for juxtaposing to analyze data. A variable like
health is controlled throughout the research since it can influence the outcome of the
study thus researchers preventing it constantly. Researchers utilized the following
methods to test the hypotheses that this system will be substantial to respondents
regards to their education. Comparative research questions aim to examine between
two or more groups or one and more dependent variables. Researchers expunge the
relationship based-research since the study is more aimed to be in a descriptive-
comparative study due to an ambiguous conclusion in providing formal procedure that
one is better than the another. This approach had been considered to be more
appropriate- determining the suitable environment while the other one is in the nascent
state will give a much clearer view on what strategies and pedagogies are somewhat to
improve or is the procrastinating behavior in general learning. This research is carefully
designed under observative conditions that can be replicated by other researchers. The
research design enabled the researchers to gather data, although not myriad in sample
size it's commensurate in finding the reliability and validity of the analysis of quantitative
data.
Research Locale
The study was conducted at Bigaa Integrated National Highschool, this place selected
due to students knowing was advantageous since the majority of students of their in
Senior High are taking modular learning instead of online learning. It is located in Purok
4 Brgy, Bigaa, Cabuyao, Laguna. The research study was implemented while resetting
the research agenda of staying home for academic productivity.
Respondents of the Study
In quantitative research, statistical formulas typically dictate the minimum number of
participants needed. Quantitative approach is more systematic and requires statistical,
mathematical methods in order of disseminating the information from questionnaire
surveys. In this study, the subject of matter are Grade 11 and the Grade 12 students of
Bigaa Integrated National Highschool in Senior Year 2020-2021. It's stated that the
respondents will be gathered from two (2) different year sections taking up the same
track which is TVL/CSS or Computer System Servicing. Due to unequal interruptions in
students learning induced by the pandemic, Researchers will ensure that the two
preferred CSS students will qualify the following conditions: 1. that the two different year
sections are currently taking up Computer System Servicing with the having an erudition
about their technical and modular competencies. 2. that these two will be under the
same supervision of the same educator throughout the Prelims of First Semester with
the corresponding track. 3. that these two are well experienced in practical
assessments; if the other section is just in novelty condition due to unprecedented times
that occur to us, he/she can take the survey as long as they have a piece of proper
knowledge about their competencies. This last condition will measure the overall
understanding of the resolute respondents how they circumvent the current system of
learning.
In Grade 11- Temperance, there are 13 students, 12 of them are males who in a
percentage of 92.3% and only one female in a percentage of 7.6%- limited sample size
due to low interest or higher demand of other programs. In Grade 12- Modesty, the
subject of the study there are 21 students, males are 17 or equivalent to a percentage
of 81%. Females are consisting of 4 students and a percentage of 19%; reduced all the
researchers, the remaining respondents will be 71.43% or 15 respondents. All of the
given data of the respondents are considered as a resource on ensuring that all CSS
Strand learners are getting the opportunity and equity to voice out their feedbacks and
remarks on what are they perceived in this current educational experience. The
pandemic has brought us unprecedented events and things, Researcher are confidently
assured and ensured that are respondents are in the proper health- changing the old
survey approach with the help of technology and internet will hopefully lessen any
contact and undue their stress by providing efficient way of data gathering. Ensuring
cybersecurity also are well planned throughout the study, pledging to the respondents
that their information will remain confidential. Researchers are ensured that these
respondents will ultimately give us a proper understanding of their ideology about the
similarities and differences of the old and new learning environment and researchers
believed in their ability to give a hint of drawing out the conclusion.
Research Instrumentation
In conducting a survey, the instrument used was a researcher-made questionnaire/
psychometric scale, otherwise known as the “Likert Scale”; as the study are
circumjacent with scaling responses needed throughout the study. The content of the
questionnaire is based on the related literature of the study as well to test the working
hypotheses if the system is impartial to students who suffered due to the factors that out
of their factors. For the safety and to mitigate this whole data process, Researchers
decided to use questionnaires that will be conducted using Survey Administration
Software. The use of survey software is essential in terms of time management,
considering the solutions to make the entire data process, more accurate and easier to
accomplish. Researchers used “Total Population Sampling” since the total population
size of the respondents who had the same characteristics are relatively small. The
research instrument consists of four main parts that will ensure that researchers will not
feel enervated and these questions are well structured on getting the maximum
information of the respondents. Part I, they'll be asked information as stated in the
respondents of the study that researchers are guaranteed that respondents will be
students who are taking up Computer System Servicing. The first item will be to ask
them undemanding questions regards to their current strand, as well their name, age
and sex. Part II of the research instrument will ask them concise questions that up to
12- items with corresponding choices given to them that are not contentious. Part III will
be 25-research questions regarding their perception of the old system and the current
system of education. The total questions are 40-items and will require 12 minutes of
answering.
Preferences for the use of questionnaires to be well- structured is based and
enhanced by some research assumptions such as a.) avoidance of personal bias. b.)
less pressure for the respondents in immediate response. c.) giving respondents a fair
and greater feeling of anonymity. Lastly, it encouraged open responses to sensitive
issues at hand. Furthermore, the questionnaires are well-validated by the consultant
and other educators before set to study and be given to the respondents. The
researchers use a secured and efficient survey software that is proven by certain
developers and software peer reviewers.
Data Gathering Procedure
As the pandemic arises, situations in gathering data have been dilatory considering
the harrowing events that Covid-19 has brought to us. To get the proper estimate,
Researchers had allotted a vigorous amount of time, effort, and cooperation in
developing and analyzing the questionnaire so as to serve its intended respondents.
Questionnaires are created using suitable questions modified from related research and
individual questions formed by researchers. It's also divided into three main parts which
were related to the participant's perception about the learning environment that
institutions developed for us and the former ones. In the questionnaires, rating scales is
used to give the respondents an inscrutable approach and to lessen their pressure while
answering the research questions. After educators of the respondents approved the
questionnaires. Researchers proceed to distribute the link for the survey to 13
respondents of Grade-11 Temperance and 21 respondents of Grade 12- Modesty. The
researchers planned a specific time which is allotted for the respondents to break during
modular learning; the time to distribute the questionnaires are between 5:00 to 6:00 pm
as these are the time where respondents are done answering their modules.
participants were given time to respond and then the researchers will collect the
answered questionnaire in the next working days.
The collecting process will operate with the use of survey software as the answered
questionnaire are automatically sent to Excel to process according to respondent's
responses regard to the comparison of the two groups. Along with the primary data
researchers as well used secondary data from research resources in the form of
published articles and literature to support the survey results. The result will hopefully
be the basis to draw out a conclusion and provide criteria and recommendations if ever
the system has to improve.
