Transformation of Sentence

STRUCTURE বা গঠন অনুযায়ী SENTENCE তিন প্রকার: 

1. SIMPLE SENTENCE 
2. COMPLEX SENTENCE
3. COMPOUND SENTENCE

 SIMPLE SENTENCE: যে SENTENCE এ শুধু একটি SUBJECT ও একটি FINITE VERB থাকে
তাকে SIMPLE SENTENCE বলে। 

Ex:
1) He came here by bus.

2) Mr. Rajib lives in a tiny apartment. 

3) She came to meet me. 

 COMPLEX SENTENCE: সাধারণত যে SENTENCE এ একটি INDEPENDENT CLAUSE ও

একটি DEPENDENT CLAUSE থাকে তাকে COMPLEX SENTENCE বলে।

Ex:
1) He will shine in life since he works hard. 

2) Though he studied less, he got GPA-5. 

 COMPOUND SENTENCE: সাধারণত যে SENTENCE এ দুইটি INDEPENDENT CLAUSE এর

মাঝে একটি CO-COORDINATING CONJUNCTION (E.G. AND, BUT, Or, YET, ELSE ETC.)
দ্বারা যুক্ত থাকে তাকে COMPOUND SENTENCE বলে।

Ex:
1) He works hard and he will shine in life.

2) He studied less but he got GPA-5.

SIMPLE COMPLEX COMPOUND

 SUB → ১ টা  SUB → ২ টা  SUB → ২ টা
 F.V → ১ টা  F.V →২ টা  F.V →২ টা
 Clause → ১ টা  Clause →২ টা  Clause →২ টা
(independent) (independent + Dependent) (independent + independemt)
Ex: Ex: Ex:

I read a book. If you help me, you will be honored. He is honest and people love him.
Rule: 1
COMPLEX: AS/SINCE/BECAUSE যুক্ত CLAUSE + INDPENDENT CLAUSE.
dependent clause

SIMPLE: BECAUSE OF/FOR + (V1+ING) + EXT, + INDP. CL. {sub একই হলে}

COMPOUND: INDP. CL + AND + INDP. CL.

EX:

1) Complex: As he works hard, he will shine.

2) Simple: Because of/ for working hard, he will shine.
3) Compound: He works hard and he will shine.

COMPLEX SENTENCE এর ২ টি CLAUSE এর SUB আলাদা হলে

SIMPLE: BECAUSE OF/FOR + Possesive Case of Pronoun + (V1+ING) + EXT, + INDP.

CL.

Complex: As he works hard, I respect him।

Simple: Because of/for his working hard, I respect him. 
Compound: He works hard and I respect him. 

Rule-02
COMPLEX: THOUGH, ALTHOUGH যুক্ত CLause. + INDP. CLause. 
Dependent clause
SIMPLE: IN SPITE OF/ DESPITE + (VI+ING) + EXT, +INDP. CLAUSE. {SUB একই হলে}

COMPOUND: INDP. CLAUSE + BUT + INDP. CLAUSE.

COMPLEX SENTENCE এর ২ টি CLAUSE এর SUB আলাদা হলে

SIMPLE: IN SPITE OF/ DESPITE + Possesive Case of pronoun + (VI+ING) + EXT, +INDP. CLAUSE

Examples: 1
Complex: Though he works hard, he will fail. 
Simple: In spite of/ despite working hard, he will fail.
Compound: He works hard but he will fail.
Examples: 2 
Complex: Though he does not work hard, i respect him. 
Simple: In spite of/ despite his not working hard, i respect him. 
Compound: He does not work hard but i respect him.

Rule-03
COMPLEX: SO ... THAT
SIMPLE: TOO ... TO
COMPOUND: VERY ... AND
Examples: 1
Complex: He is so weak that he can't lift the load.
Simple: He is too weak to lift the load.
Compound: He is very weak and he can't lift the load.

Examples: 2
Complex: I am so foolish that I can't understand the matter.
Simple: I am too foolish to understand the matter.
Compound: I am very foolish and so I can't understand the matter.

Rule-04
SIMPLE: SUB + VERB + DETERMINER + ADJ + NOUN. 

COMPLEX: S + VERB + DETERMINER + N + WHO/WHICH + BE VERB+ ADJ

COMPOUND: INDP. CLAUSE + AND + INDP. CLAUSE

Examples: 1
Simple: I phoned the little boy
complex: I phoned the boy who was little.
Compound: I phoned the boy and he was little.

Examples: 2
Simple: He has huge reputation.
complex: He has reputation which is huge.
Compound: He has reputation and it is huge.

Rue-05
SIMPLE: DETERMINER + ADJ+ NOUN + VERB + EXT. 
Subject 

COMPLEX: DET + N + WHO/WHICH + BE VERB + ADJ + VERB + EXT 

COMPOUND: INDP. CLAUSE + AND + INDP. CLAUSE 

Examples: 1
Simple: The little boy phoned me.
complex: The boy who was little phoned me.
Compound: The boy phoned me and he was little.

Examples: 2
Simple: This historical story gives me thrill.
complex: This story which is historical gives me thrill.
Compound: This is a historical story and it gives me thrill.

Rule-06
Simple: ADJ বিহিন SUBJECT + VERB + ADJ বিহিন OBJECT

Complex: IT IS + SUBJECT + WHO / WHICH + VERB + OBJECT 

Compound: INDP. CLAUSE + AND + INDP. CLAUSE 

Examples: 1
Simple: The boy phoned me.
Complex: It is the boy who phoned me. 
Compound: It is the boy and he phoned me. 
 
Examples: 2
Simple: I love Bangladesh. 
Complex: It is I who love Bangladesh. 
Compound: It is I and Hove Bangladesh. 
Rule-07
Simple Complex Compound
INDP. CLAUSE+AT WHEN…..AGE INDP. CLAUSE+ AND +
THE AGE OF + AGE INDP. CLAUSE

INDP. CLAUSE+ IN + WHEN…….YEAR/MONTH/SE INDP. CLAUSE+ AND +

YEAR/MONTH/SEAS ASON INDP. CLAUSE
ON
INDP. CLAUSE+AT WHEN + SUBORDINTE INDP. CLAUSE+ AND +
THE TIME OF + CLAUSE,+PRINCIPLE CLAUSE INDP. CLAUSE
(V1+ING)+ EXT.

Examples: 1
Simple: He met me first at (the age of) 16
Complex: When he was 16, he met me first.
Compound: He met me first and he was 16.

Examples: 2
Simple: He met me first in 1996/ spring.
Complex: When it was 1996/ spring, he met me first.
Compound: He met me first and it was 1996/ spring.

Examples: 3 (I){sub একই হলে}

Simple: He makes notes at the time of reading book.
Complex: When he reads book, he makes notes.
Compound: He reads books and makes notes.

Examples: 3(II) {sub একই না হলে}

Simple: I play cricket at the time of his reading book.
Complex: When he reads book, I play cricket.
Compound: He reads book and I play cricket.

Rule-08
SIMPLE COMPLEX COMPOUND
No sooner had.... than/
before
(V1+ING) + Hardly had ... when IND. CALUSE+AND+
IND. CALUSE
EXT,+ IND. Scarcely had ... when
 CALUSE As soon as

Examples: 1
Simple: Seeing the news, he fainted.
Complex: No sooner had he seen the news than/ before he fainted.
Compound: He saw the news and fainted.

Examples: 2
Simple: Seeing the news, he fainted.
Complex: Hardly had he seen the news WHEN he fainted.
Compound: He saw the news and fainted.

Examples: 3
Simple: Seeing the news, he fainted.
Complex: Scarcely had he seen the news when he fainted.
Compound: He saw the news and fainted.

Examples: 4
Simple: Seeing the news, he fainted.
Complex: As soon as he saw the news, he fainted.
Compound: He saw the news and fainted.

Rule-09

Simple Complex Compound

SUB + WANT TO/WANTS
INDP. CLAUSE+ TO + V1+ SO THAT TO/WANTED TO
OBJ + V1+OBJ + AND + INDP. CLAUSE
Examples: 1
Simple: He learns English to go abroad.
Complex: He learns English so that he can go abroad.
Compound: He wants to go abroad and so he learns English.

Examples: 2
Simple: He phoned me to inform me the news.
Complex: He phoned me so that he could inform me the news.
Compound: He wanted to inform me the news, and so he phoned me.

Rule-10
 Simple Complex Compound

BY + (V + ING) + OBJ + IF INDEPEND CLAUSE+AND+INDEPEND

IND. CALUSE CLAUSE
(AFFIR.
SENTENC
E)

WITHOUT + (V1+ING)+ IF... NOT/ INDEPEND CLAUSE+ OR +INDEPEND

OBJ + IND. CLAUSE UNLESS CLAUSE

(NEGATI
VE.
SENTENC
E)

Examples: 1
Simple: By studying hard, you will get A+.
Complex: If you study hard, you will get A*.
Compound: You Study hard and you will get A+.

Examples: 2
Simple: Without studying hard, you will fail.
Complex: If you don't study hard, you will fail.
Compound: you study hard or you will fail.

Examples: 3
Simple: Without your studying hard, I will punish you.
Complex: If you don't study hard, I will punish you.
Compound: You Study hard or I will punish you.

Examples: 4
Simple: Without doing it, you will die.
Complex: If you don't do, you will die.
Compound: Do or die.

NOTE:
RELATIVE PRONOUN (RP): THAT/ WH-WORD যখন কোন NOUN/ PRONOUN এর ঠিক
পরে বোসে উক্ত NOUN/ PRONOUN টিকেই বুঝায় বা নির্দে শ করে তখন উক্ত THAT/ WH-WORD
কে RELATIVE PRONOUN বলে। আর RELATIVE PRONOUN যে NOUN/ PRONOUN টিকে
নির্দে শ করে তাকে ANTECEDENT বা পূর্বপদ বলে।
NOUN/ PROUNOUN THAT/ WH-WORD
Antecedent

Examples
 We saw the girl who was singing loudly.
 I bought a book which was written in 1992.
 He lives in Dhaka which is a mega city of BD.
 He who speaks the truth is loved by all.

Rule-11:

RELATIVE PRONOUN যুক্ত COMPLEX SENTENCE কে SIMPLE SENTENCE এ পরিনত

করার নিয়মঃ
1) ANTECEDENT এর পরবর্তী RELATIVE PRONOUN টি উঠে যাবে।
2) AUXILIARY VERB থাকলে উঠে যাবে।
3) ACTIVE VOICE এ মূল VERB এর সাথে(ING যাগ করতে হবে)।
4) PASSIVE VOICE এ মূল VERB টি V3 হবে ।

Examples:

The man met a lady who works at an IT office. (COMPLEX SENTENCE & ACTIVE
VOICE)
SIMPLE: The man met a lady working at an IT office.

Rabeya bought a book which was written by Salam. (COMPLEX SENTENCE &
PASSIVE VOICE) SIMPLE: Rabeya bought a book written by Salam.

I saw a farmer who was reaping harvest. (COMPLEX SENTENCE & ACTIVE VOICE)
SIMPLE: I saw a farmer reaping harvest.

Rule-11:

NOT ONLY …. BUT ALSO যুক্ত COMPOUND SENTENCE কে SIMPLE করার নিয়মঃ

STRUCTURE: BESIDES + NOT ONLY যুক্ত ব্যকের মূল VERB এর সাথে ING + NOT ONLY
উঠে যাবে + BUT ALSO এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত + (,) + মূল SUBJECT + but also অংশে verb না থাকলে প্রথম
অংশের verb + but এর পরের অংশ।
COMPOUND: Our teachers not only teach us but also guide us.
SIMPLE: Besides teaching us, our teacher guide us.