PROJECT PROPOSAL
Smart Grid
Department: Bs-Electrical Engineering
Semester: 6th Semester
Session: (2018 -2022)
Group Members:
Talha Akram ELEN18111027 (Cgpa = 3.69)
M. Imran ELEN18111023 (Cgpa = 2.90)
Talha Iftikhar ELEN18111024 (Cgpa = 2.80)
Khawaja Fareed University
of
Engineering and Information Technology
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................3
II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE....................................................................................3
I1.1.1 What is Smart Grid ..................................................................................3
II.1.2 Scope of a Smart Grid ..............................................................................4
II.2 Applications of Smart Grid
II.2.1 Advanced Metering Infrastructure ..........................................................5
II.2.2 Optimal Asset Utilization and Operating Efficiency ...............................5
II.2.3 Energy Storage .........................................................................................5
II.3 Smart Grid Challenges
II.3.1 Technical Challenges ..............................................................................6
II.3.3 Regulation Challenges..............................................................................7
III. SUMMARY AND CONCLUDING REMARKS..................................................7
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................7
I-Introduction:
It is an undeniable fact that electric power is one of the major and most
important technologies that led to the rapid industrialization and globalization in the twentieth
century. The electric power grid is over a century-old and is considered to be the largest and
most complex interconnected physical system on earth. Due to its vastness, complexity and being
inextricably linked to human development and involvement, it is termed to be an ecosystem in
itself. Basically, Life on earth is totally dependent on energy in some form or other. With the
outstanding development in worldwide economy and unending populace development, there has
been an expanding tension on energy assets and the climate. Petroleum derivative assets are
getting exhausted and combined with an extensive rundown of international issues, costs are rise
upwards. Worldwide power utilization is on the ascent and there is an expanding interest for
higher dependability and better nature of the electric force conveyed by utilities. The current
network functions estimably in what it is proposed to do to be specific keeping the expenses as
low as could really be expected. Likewise, a significant part of the force transportation
framework is that it is to be burned-through the following it is created. Due to population growth
and increasing reliance on electricity, it is expected that global electricity supply will need to be
increased by a significant amount.
II-Review of Literature
II.1.1-What is Smart Grid?
Figure II.1 Smart Grid concept
The basic concept of a Smart Grid is to add monitoring, analysis, control, and
communication capabilities to the national electrical delivery set-up to maximize the
quantity of the system. while reducing the energy consumption. The smart grid will allow
utilities to move electricity around the system as efficiently and economically as possible.
The smart grid can be defined as a system that employs digital information and control
technologies to facilitate the deployment and integration of distributed and renewable
resources, smart consumer devices, automated systems, electricity storage. A smart grid
is an electricity network that can intelligently integrate the actions of all users connected
to it – generators, consumers and those who do both – in order to efficiently deliver
sustainable, economic and secure electricity supplies. Set of advanced technologies,
concepts, topologies and approaches that allow generation, transmission and distribution
to be replaced by organically intelligent, fully integrated services with efficient exchange
of data, services and transactions.
II.1.2 Scope of a Smart Grid
Though a clear and concise definition of the Smart Grid is still evolving, there are several
characteristics that remain common to many smart grid architectures. These
characteristics clearly define the Smart Grid’s potential benefits to the overall electric
power system. They are:
Anticipates and responds to system disturbances in a self-healing manner
Incorporates information and communication technologies into every aspect of
electrical generation, delivery and consumption in order to
• Minimize environmental impacts
• Enhance markets
• Improve reliability and service
• Reduce costs and improve efficiency
The smart grid further employs digital information, distribution automation and
various control strategies to facilitate deployment and integration of
• Distributed Energy Resources
• Renewable energy generation
• Automated systems
• Energy Storage systems
Accommodates all types of generation techniques and energy storage options
Provides higher power quality required for the 21st century digital economy.
Operates effectively and optimizes the utilization of existing and new assets.
Operates resiliently and effectively against attacks and natural disasters.
II.2.1-Advance Metering Infrastructure:
Smart meters and other remote digital electronic devices that can be reached through a two-way
communication network can generate massive amounts of data which need to be organized in a
synthetic fashion to make them accessible to various users within the utility organization. With
an enhanced two-way communication technology, dynamic pricing models and load
shedding techniques, load distribution management and reduction in peak demand can
be achieved effectively and efficiently.
II.2.2 Optimal Asset utilization and Operating Efficiency:
One of the most important features of the smart grid is to increase the operating efficiency of the
overall grid and reduce operations and maintenance costs of the electric power grid. The smart
grid employs technologies that essentially make use of information including grid operating
parameters and real-time data of reflecting the state of health of equipment etc, monitors
equipment condition to detect the degradation in performance level, assesses its reliability to
optimize its operation, even develop condition-based maintenance strategy according to fault
type, and analyze its failure and maintenance characteristics to predict its life-span during its life
cycle.
II.2.3 Energy Storage:
With increasing cases of blackouts, low power quality and increase in renewable energy
generation, energy storage has become a major concern, leading to aggressive investments in
energy storage technologies. Economic energy storage is highly desirable for peak shaving
and power quality improvements. Energy storage devices enable the power system network
to:
• integrate renewable sources with the power system by converting them into a
smoother and dispatchable format;
• provide ride through capability when the distributed generation fails to supply
required energy; and
• manage the amount of power required to supply during peak power demand by
storing it during off peak hours
Storage systems such as batteries (BESS), flywheels (FES), compressed air
(CAES), pumped hydro (PHS), Ultra capacitors (UC), super conducting magnetic energy
storage (SMES), hydrogen storage etc. store energy in different forms such as
electrochemical, kinetic, pressure, potential, electrostatic, electromagnetic, chemical, and
thermal.
II.3 Smart Grid challenges
II.3.1 Technical challenges
The smart grid is at a nascent stage of development. As such there are
numerous technical challenges to be overcome
• Merging planning and real-time analysis
• Very large system models
• Handling a large amount of AMI data
• AMI-based decision making
• Time series simulation
• DG integration and protection
• Cheap energy storage technology
Apart from the above, for effective interoperability of smart grid devices, robust standards
need to be developed. Furthermore, with increased investments in the smart grid sector, a
number of smart grid technologies are already being implemented in the electric power grid.
In the absence of universal standards, these technologies face the danger of becoming
prematurely obsolete or face its security being compromised.
Increased dependence on distributed generation, demand side resources and distribution
system applications significantly increase the systems’ exposure to cyber weakness. The
entire security architecture can be built on existing communication and technology
infrastructures, further merging it with the electric grid to enable the Smart Grid
implementation at various levels in the electric power system. Furthermore, a robust
framework for conformity testing and certification of smart grid devices and systems needs
to be established to ensure interoperability and cyber security
II.3.2 Regulation challenges
With investments for smart grid deployment in the form of advanced metering infrastructure estimated
to be around $27 Billion, and the Brattle Group’s estimation of around $1.5 Trillion to update the grid by
2030. It is obvious that the cost factor and the regulation to permit the recovery of such investments are
the biggest challenges the smart grid movement faces. Though the Smart grid is seen as a collection of
technologies that enable an entirely new way of operating power systems, the utilities and regulators
often view it as a collection of new kinds of transmission and distribution investments, each yielding
unfamiliar new products and service streams. The utilities, regulators, and other stakeholders will have
to evaluate these investments by measuring their value to customers, their impact on utility rates, and
how customers and generators who use the new capabilities are charged for their use.
III-SUMMARY AND CONCLUDING REMARKS:
The transition towards a smart grid from the current electric grid will be one of the
most important decisions to meet its electric reliability, economy, efficiency and
sustainability goals. The proposed smart microgrid system with distributed generation and
distribution automation employing advanced voltage and current sensors will help in saving
money. It clearly shows that the most effective action to providing reliable and higher quality
power to the university campus is by re-routing of its feeds during times of power outages or
severe voltage fluctuations. Also, for taking full advantage of the proposed system for
increasing the reliability and efficiency of the current distribution grid, it is important that all
manual switches and fuses be replaced by automatic protection and automatic switching
devices which can respond to digital signals generated by a computer with a capability to re-
route power at signs of trouble without any interruptions. With a well-designed microgrid
system involving distributed generation and advanced voltage and current sensors embedded
in distribution automation, it would not only help the university in providing stable voltage
and improved reliability but also help in shaving its demand during peak periods.
References:
U.S. Department of Energy, “An introduction to Smart Grid”, 2009.
Rohit Nair, R.Ramakumar, “Prospects for a Smart Grid at Oklahoma State
University”,
43rd Annual Frontiers of Power Conference, Oct’10, Oklahoma State University,
Stillwater, Oklahoma
Asko Vuorinen, “World Electricity in the year 2050”, 2008
“World Energy Supply”, The Global Energy Project 2007
Global Environment fund, “Electric Power Grid”, 2005
