VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICALUNIVERSITY

BELAGAVI – 590018

A TECHNICAL SEMINAR REPORT

on
“ELECTRO KINETIC ROAD RAMPS”

Technical seminar Report submitted to Visvesvaraya Technological University during

the year 2020-2021 in the partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING CIVIL
By
SRINIVAS H K 4RA17CV103

Under the Guidance of

Mrs. Madhu K M
Assistant professor

Department of Civil Engineering

RAJEEV INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
HASSAN - 573 201

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 RAJEEV INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Hassan – 573 201

Department of Civil Engineering

CERTIFICATE

Certified that project work entitled “ELECTRO KINETIC ROAD RAMPS” is carried out
SRINIVASA H K 4RA17CV103 bonafide students of Rajeev Institute of Technology, Hassan in
partial fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of Engineering in Civil Engineering of the Visvesvaraya
Technological University, Belagavi during the year 2020-2021. It is certified that all
corrections/suggestions indicated in Internal Assessment have been incorporated in the Report
deposited in the departmental library. The project report has been approved as it satisfies the academic
requirements in respect of project prescribed for the said Degree.

Mrs.Madhu K M PROJECT COORDINATOR

Assistance professor and Dept. of Civil Engineering
Guide of department RIT, Hassan

Mr.SUJAYKUMAR Dr.A.N.RAMKRISHNA
Professor and Head of the Principal of the RIT
Dept. of Civil Engineering

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Apart from my effort, the success of this technical seminar work depends largely on the
encouragement and guidelines of many. I take this opportunity to express my gratitude to
the people who have been instrumental in the successful completion of this technical
seminar.

I express immense gratitude to my guide Mrs. Madhu K M, Assistant Professor,

Department of Civil Engineering, Rajeev Institute of Technology, Hassan for having
extended his priceless technical expertise. I also thank him for his patient thoughtful
guidance and also for his most generous support and encouragement towards the
development of the technical seminar.

I also express immense gratitude to technical seminar Coordinator Dr. Kiran S P,

Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Rajeev Institute of Technology,
Hassan for her encouragement and support for carrying the technical seminar.

I express my sincere thanks to Mr. Sujay S, Assistant Professor and Head, Department of
Civil Engineering, Rajeev Institute of Technology, Hassan for his valuable
encouragement and support in carrying out the technical seminar by providing all the
facilities.

I also convey my sincere thanks and gratitude to Mr. A N Ramakrishna, Principal, Rajeev
Institute of Technology, Hassan for his kind encouragement.

I would like to thank my Parents and Friends for their constant encouragement in
carrying out the technical seminar work.

Srinivasa H K
(4RA17CV103)
 ABSTRACT

In this paper electro-kinetic road ramp is implemented as renewable energy source. For
meeting up the regular demand of energy we need to design a system that will produce
electricity without destroying the nature. In this paper we will come to know how man is
utilizing kinetic energy to produce electricity. Electro-kinetic road ramp is the method of
generating electricity by harnessing the kinetic energy of automobiles that drive over ramp. It
is also used to generate power. Input is almost free. So we can call it generating electricity for
free. We know that fossils fuels are polluting the environment. So our main focus is towards
renewable energy sources which are, non-polluting. So this technique is used to produce
electricity which can be used in traffic lights and powering streets.

Keywords: Alternative energy, kinetic energy, ramp model, electricity.

 CONTENTS

Certificate ii

Acknowledgement iii

Abstract iv

Contents v

List of Figures vi

List of Tables vii

1. INTRODUCTION 1-2

1.1 General 1-2

1.2 Roads in India 2

2. Background study 3-5

2.1 Investigation 3-5

3. Electro kinetic road ramp 6-7

3.1 Kinetic energy 6

3.2 Ramp model 6

3.3 types of ramp model 7

4. Working principle 8-10

5. Case study 11-12

6. Advantages, disadvantages and applications 13

6.1 Advantages 13

6.2 Disadvantages 13

6.3 Applications 13

INFERENCES 14

Reference 15
 LIST OF FIGURES

Fig. No Particulars Page No

3.1 The graph between voltage generated and 4
under speed of vehicle

3.2 The bar chart between voltage generated 5

and under speed of vehicle
3.3 The graph between voltage generated & 5
load of man and vehicles
3.4 The bar chart between voltage 6
generated & load of man and vehicles
4.3.1 SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM 8

5.2.1 Freewheel 9
5.2.2 Bicycle rim 9
5.2.3 Helical spring 9
5.2.4 Micro controller 9
5.2.5 LDR 10
5.2.6 L293D 10
5.4 Energy conversion 11

6.1 Electro kinetic road ramp in UK 12

7 Electro kinetic road ramp 14

LIST OF TABLES
Table NO Particulars Page No
3.1 Summary of Voltage 4
generated versus speed of
vehicles
3.2 Summary of voltage 5
generated & load of mans
and vehicles for the RPG
``````````````` Electro kinetic road ramp

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1Genera
l
Man in his lifetime, uses energy in one form or the other. In fact whatever happens in nature,
results out of the conversion of energy in one form or the other? The blowing of the wind, the
formation of the clouds and the flow of water are a few examples that stand testimony to this
fact. The extensive usage of energy has resulted in an energy crisis, and there is a need to
develop methods of optimal utilization, which will not only ease the crisis but also preserve
the environment. Energy conservation is the cheapest new source of energy. This project
attempts to show how energy can be tapped and used at a commonly used system, the road
power generation. Road Power Generation (RPG) is one of the most recent power generation
concepts. This device converts the kinetic energy of the vehicles into electric energy by
installing moving plate on the road, it takes the stroke motion of the vehicles and converts it
to the rotary motion by crank mechanism and it generates the electricity. This paper also
explains clearly, the working principle of the designed system, its practical implementation,
and its advantages. Design of each component has been carried out using standard
procedures, and the components have been fabricated and assembled. A similar model of the
system has been modelled using Pro-E. Practical testing of the system has been done with
different loads at different speeds. Taking the various criteria that determine the power
generation, graphs have been plotted. The utilization of energy is an indication of the growth
of a nation. One might conclude that to be materially rich and prosperous, a human being
needs to consume more and more energy. And this paper is best source of energy that we get
in day to day life.

Amongst the all form of energy the electricity is most widely used form of energy. There is
great lack of electricity in today's world, which we have to overcome. As we know the
vehicles on road are increasing very fastly in the world. As these vehicle are moving on the
road they possess some kinetic energy, which can be used for generating rotational motion of
generator and then we can produce considerable amount of electricity. As we know that the
resources to generate the electricity are lasting very rapidly and there is great increase in
population which uses the electricity for their day to day requirements. These have generated
the problem of energy crisis in the world. So we need to bring such ideas which can generate
the electricity from the things which we can uses in day to day life. So from the vehicles we
Dept. Of civil Engineering, RIT, Hassan Page 1
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can generate the electricity by using their kinetic energy as these vehicles passes over the
ramp. These generated energy can be utilized for many purpose like street lights, lighting of
signals, toll plazas villages where the lack of electricity is more.

The automotive industry in India is one of the largest in the world and one of the fastest
growing globally. India’s passenger car and commercial vehicle manufacturing industry is the
seventh largest in the world, with an annual production of more than 3.7 million units in
2010.We every day mesh up with these vehicles give us headache. But this mesh up could be
answer of new type power generation. Road Power Generation (RGP) is one of the most
recent power generation concepts. This device is engineered as a practical and useful
alternative energy technology for generating clean electricity from the millions of vehicles
on our roadways [2]. Once fully optimized and installed, engineers anticipate that devices
may be used to augment or replace conventional electrical supplies for powering roadway
signs, street and building lights, storage systems for back-up and emergency power, and other
electronics appliances, and even devices used in homes and businesses.

This device converts the kinetic energy of the vehicles into electric energy. This is done by
moving plate installed on the road, this plate take the stroke motion of the vehicles and
convert it to the rotary motion by crank mechanism and it generates the electricity

1.2ROADS IN INDIA
The India has second largest road network in the world, which contributes of over 5472144
km as on 31st march 2015. Amongst which 1455 km of expressway are operational now a
day in India. An additional 18637 km of expressway is aim to be constructed by government
of India by the year 2022. National Highway Authority of India(NHAI) which is responsible
for development and management of the network of over 50000 km of a national highway out
of 115000 km in India. The 148000 km of a state highway are operational in India and the
Maharashtra state has 33705 km of state highway which is largest of state highway as
compare to other states. So using these road network and vehicles we can generate electricity
using “Electro-Kinetic Road Ramp” installed on road.
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CHAPTER 2

BACKROUND STUDY
2.1 Investigation
The investigation is performed by placing the speed breaker arrangement in a pit. Vehicles
move over the speed breaker arrangement and the voltage generated is measured by a
multimeter and the various readings are plotted in a graph. The graphs are drawn for various
parameters as shown below
1. Voltage generated (Vs) speed of vehicle
2. Voltage generated (Vs) Load
Total load = 360 Kg (Vehicle load + man weight)
Table 2.1: Summary of Voltage generated versus speed of vehicles
Sr. No. Speed of vehicles (Km/hr) Voltage generated (volts)

1 10 8.93
2 20 7.32
3 30 6.05
4 40 5.65

Fig.2.1: The graph between voltage generated & under different speed of vehicles
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Fig.2.2: The bar chart between voltage generated & under different speed of vehicles
Table 2.2: Summary of voltage generated & load of mans and vehicles for the RPG

Sl. No Load of man & vehicle (kgs) Voltage generated (V)

1 360 8.33
2 430 9.57
3 470 10.44
4 500 11.34
5 570 11.81

Fig.2.4: The graph between voltages generated & load of man and vehicles
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Fig.2.5: The bar chart between voltages generated & load of man and vehicles
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CHAPTER 3
ELECTROKINETIC ROAD RAMP
The electro-kinetic road ramp is a method of generating electricity by harnessing the
kinetic energy of automobiles that drive over the ramp.

3.1KINETIC ENERGY: Kinetic energy is the movement energy of an object. The

kinetic energy of a moving bicycle or car can be converted into other forms of energy. For
example, the cyclist could encounter a hill just high enough to coast up, so that the bicycle
comes to a complete halt at the top. The kinetic energy has now largely been converted to
gravitational potential energy that can be released by freewheeling down the other side of the
hill. Since the bicycle lost some of its energy to friction, it never regains all of its speed
without additional pedaling. The energy is not destroyed; it has only been converted to
another form by friction. Alternatively the cyclist could connect a dynamo to one of the
wheels and generate some electrical energy on the descent. I

3.2RAMP MODEL

The ramp is not like usual speed-breaker. It is not harmful for the vehicles or cannot become
the cause of waste petrol when a car passes over it. The speed ramp is not dangerous for
vehicles at all. It does not only generate free energy, but the energy that has been generated is
environment friendly with almost no pollution. On the whole the energy ramp system consist
of two parts hardware and software model

3.3TYPES OF RAMP MODEL

3.3.1HARDWARE MODEL

The Ramp consists of gear box, flywheel, drive system and alternator. It consists of a slab
that is press down by the vehicle which produces translation motion. In addition to this a
battery is attached to alternator. Inverter is placed with the battery and a load is attached.
Relays are attached for the purpose of controlling. First one is attached between Alternator &
Battery and second is between Battery and Inverter that break the connection. The third relay
is placed between the inverter and the load which indicates the completion of process i.e.
when inverter passes 220V it energies the relay and a connection is produced between the
Inverter and the Load Bank.
```````````````

Fig.3.3.1: SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM

3.3.2SOFTWARE MODEL

A Limit switch is placed below the slab for the counting of the cars. When a car passes over the slab,
the limit switch is pressed then the limit switch signals sends to the digital input (1746-IB16) module.
Allen Bradley SLC 5/03 PLC is used for monitoring & controlling of the system and a PC-Based HMI
is connected with it for displaying the process. Whole system is fully automated with programmable
logic controller PLC. When a car passes over the slab, the limit switch is pressed then the limit switch
signals sends to the digital input (1746-IB16) module of PLC. Finally number of cars displayed on the
PC-Based HMI. The Software’s that are used for Automation are listed below:

 R SLinx Classic: Diver installer

 RSLogix 500 : Ladder Programmer
 The Modules that are used in SLC 5/03 are listed below:
 1747-L532 (SLC 5/03 Processor)
 1746-IB16 (Digital dc Input Modules)
 1746-OB16 (Digital dc Output Modules
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CHAPTER 4

WORKIND PRINCIPLE
4.1Approach
In this section, it was tried to understand the working principle of the RPG designed
system its practical implementation, and its advantages.
4.2Materials
In this section, there are several basic materials required to generate electricity by the road
speed breakers. The main equipments were used as i.e., Freewheel, Bicycle Rim, Helical
spring, Pulley, Wooden frame, LDR, Micro-controller, L293D.

Fig.4.2.1: Freewheel Fig.4.2.2: Bicycle rim

Fig.4.2.3: Helical spring Fig.4.2.4: Micro controller

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Fig.4.2.5: LDR Fig.4.2.6: L293D

4.3Working Principle
Road power generation (RPG) is a system design to capture waste and kinetic energy from all
vehicles. This device converts the kinetic energy of the vehicles into electric energy. This is
done by moving plate installed on the road, this plate captured very small movement
from the road surfaces and it transferred to a keyway flywheel system. From hundreds of
wheel lies a single flywheel having used to driving machinery. The RPG included the method
of driving one flywheel to another, once it reached predetermining velocity. The RPG
flywheel system has been developed to achieve large amount of moment of inertia in
relatively small space. The captured energy is converted into electricity which is fed into
power grid. With the following block diagram we can easily understand the overall working
of the automatic street light.
The sensor LDR has the property to change its resistance according to the intensity of the
light. As the intensity of light falling at the LDR increases, its resistance gets decreased and
so on. Hence the total amount of light remains constant.

4.4WORKING PROCEDURE: When ramp gets loaded it operates the primary shaft
and subsequently rotation of the secondary shaft starts. The rotation of the secondary shaft
causes rotation of the shaft of D.C. generator (connected through gear mechanism). The D.C.
generator is connected with the LEDs. The voltage produced and current supplied to the
LEDs can be measured with the digital clamp meter. Known mild steel mass has been applied
over the ramp using cam follower system with constant frequency. Application and removal
of load from the ramp will cause the rotation of the D.C. generator which triggers the
```````````````

electricity into the leds. Application and removal of load over ramp is done continuously for
one minute. The rpm of the generator shaft is measured. Similarly, the voltage and current
drawn from leds are measured through clamp meter. Experiments have been conducted for
different weights and frequencies. The frequency of application of loads is subsequently
converted into the corresponding velocity of the vehicle which will press the ramp with same
frequency.
 Power applied to the ramp has been calculated by using relationship
 (Power)input = Force x Velocity
 Power generation by the D.C generator has been calculated by using following
relationship
 (Power)output = Voltage x Current
Subsequently the efficiency of the system has been evaluated using following
relationship Efficiency = (Power)output/(Power)input

4.5Flow chart

Fig.4.4: Energy conversion

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CHAPTER 5

CASE STUDY
The electro-kinetic road ramp is a method of generating electricity by harnessing the
kinetic energy of automobiles that drive over the ramp. In June 2009, one of the devices was
installed in the car park at a Sainsbury's supermarket in Gloucester, United Kingdom, where
it provides enough electricity to run all of the store's cash registers. The ramp was invented
by Peter Hughes, an electrical and mechanical engineer who is employed by Highway Energy
Systems Ltd. The company says that under normal traffic conditions, the apparatus will
produce 30 kW of electricity. Other proposed applications for the road ramps include
powering street and traffic lights, heating roads in the winter to prevent ice from forming, and
ventilating tunnels to reduce pollution.

Fig.5.1: Elector kinetic road ram in United Kingdom

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Fig.5.2: mechanism of ramp

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CHAPTER 6
ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES AND
APPLICATIONS

6.1Advantages
1. The principle is simple.
2. Construction is easy.
3. It is free energy source.
4. The method of electricity generation is done without polluting the environment.
5. No fuel charge.
6. If fault occurs in the power generating unit then it will not affect the traffic movement.

6.2Disadvantages
1. The initial cost of power ramp may be high.
2. It can cause discomfort for the riders of the vehicle.
3. It will reduce the traffic speed.
4. It cannot produce constant power supply.

6.3Applications:
Power generation using speed breaker system can be used in most of the places such as:
1. This technique can be used in all highways, roadways, toll plaza, etc
2. The power is generated when the vehicles pass through it. Which in can be stored in the
battery.
3. This power can be used in many Places after using the inverter, which enhances in the
voltage from 12 volts to 230 volts.
This power can be used in the following:
 Street Lights.
 At the road traffic signals.
 Sign boards on the roads.
 Lighting Of the bus stops.
 At the check posts on the highways etc.
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INFERENCE
Road Power Generation is new type of unconventional source of energy. This is a type of
vibration harvesting. This used waste energy of vehicles and converts kinetic energy to
electric energy.RPG possible answer for battery charging station and it may be possible the
electric vehicle can be recharge with green power and power coming from electric vehicles
earned wasted kinetic energy. The higher frequency of passing vehicles provides higher
capacity of electricity generated by road power generation.

Fig.7.1 : Electro kinetic road ramp

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REFERENCES
[1] Mukherjee, D., Chakrabarti, S., Fundamentals of renewable energy systems, New Age
international limited publishers, New Delhi, 2005.

[2] Sharma, P.C., Non-conventional power plants, Public printing service, New Delhi, 2003.
[3] Mukherje, D., Chakrabarti, S., Non-conventional power plants, New Delhi, 2005.
[4] Nota, R., Barelds, R., Engineering method for road traffic and railway noise after
validation and fine-tuning, Harmonoise WP 21-35, 2005

[5] Hamet, J.P., Besnard, F., Doisy, S., Lelong, J., New vehicle noise emission for
French traffic noise prediction, 71:861–9, 2010.

[6] Gagen, M.J., Novel acoustic sources from squeezed cavities in car tires, J Acoust Soc
Am, 794–801, 1999.
Makarewicz, R., Gałuszka, M., Road traffic noise prediction based on speed-flow diagram. Appl
Acoust; 72:190–5, 2011.
[7] Makarewicz, R., Zołtowski, M., Variations of road traffic noise in residential areas, J
Acoust Soc Am; 124:3568–75, 2008

[8] Arora, C.P., Fundamentals of renewable energy systems, New Age international limited
publishers, New Delhi,2005.
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