EUROPEAN COMMISSION
DG Competition
Case M.8107 - CVC / AR PACKAGING
Only the English text is available and authentic.
REGULATION (EC) No 139/2004
MERGER PROCEDURE
Article 6(1)(b) NON-OPPOSITION
Date: 25/08/2016
In electronic form on the EUR-Lex website under
document number 32016M8107
EUROPEAN COMMISSION
Brussels, 25.8.2016
C(2016) 5550
In the published version of this decision, some
information has been omitted pursuant to Article PUBLIC VERSION
17(2) of Council Regulation (EC) No 139/2004
concerning non-disclosure of business secrets and
other confidential information. The omissions are
shown thus […]. Where possible the information
omitted has been replaced by ranges of figures or a
MERGER PROCEDURE
general description.
To the notifying party:
Dear Sir/Madam,
Subject: Case M.8107-CVC / ÅR Packaging
Commission decision pursuant to Article 6(1)(b) of Council Regulation
No 139/20041 and Article 57 of the Agreement on the European Economic
Area2
(1) On 1 August 2016, the European Commission received notification of a proposed
concentration pursuant to Article 4 of the Merger Regulation by which CVC
Capital Partners SICAV-FIS S.A. ("CVC", Luxembourg) acquires within the
meaning of Article 3(1)(b) of the Merger Regulation sole control of the whole of
ÅR Packaging Group AB (Sweden) by way of purchase of shares3. CVC and ÅR
Packaging are collectively referred to as "Parties".
1. THE PARTIES AND THE OPERATION
(2) CVC is a private equity fund providing investment advice to and managing
investments on behalf of investment funds ("CVC Funds"). CVC Funds holds
1 OJ L 24, 29.1.2004, p. 1 (the 'Merger Regulation'). With effect from 1 December 2009, the Treaty on
the Functioning of the European Union ('TFEU') has introduced certain changes, such as the
replacement of 'Community' by 'Union' and 'common market' by 'internal market'. The terminology of
the TFEU will be used throughout this decision.
2 OJ L 1, 3.1.1994, p. 3 (the 'EEA Agreement').
3 Publication in the Official Journal of the European Union No C 290, 10.08.2017, p. 10.
Commission européenne, DG COMP MERGER REGISTRY, 1049 Bruxelles, BELGIQUE
Europese Commissie, DG COMP MERGER REGISTRY, 1049 Brussel, BELGIË
Tel: +32 229-91111. Fax: +32 229-64301. E-mail: COMP-MERGER-REGISTRY@ec.europa.eu.
interests in companies in various industries, including chemicals, utilities,
manufacturing, retailing and distribution.
(3) ÅR Packaging is a producer of paperboard and flexible packaging products,
including flexible packaging for food, healthcare and pharmaceutical products. ÅR
Packaging is jointly owned by A16 Packaging Limited and ACPack B.V. (together
"the Sellers").
(4) On 27 May 2016, Bidco, a special purpose vehicle indirectly owned by CVC Fund
VI, and the Sellers entered into a sale and purchase agreement under which Bidco
agreed to acquire 100% of the issued share capital of ÅR Packaging (the "Target").
Post-transaction CVC will acquire indirect sole control over the Target.
(5) The transaction therefore constitutes a concentration within the meaning of Article
3(1)b of the Merger Regulation.
2. EU DIMENSION
(6) The undertakings concerned have a combined aggregate world-wide turnover of
more than EUR 5 000 million4 [CVC Group: EUR […] million, Target: EUR 514
million]. Each of them has an EU-wide turnover in excess of EUR 250 million
[CVC Group: EUR […] million, Target: EUR […] million], but they do not
achieve more than two-thirds of their aggregate EU-wide turnover within one and
the same Member State. The notified operation therefore has an EU dimension.
3. COMPETITIVE ASSESSMENT
(7) Continental Foods, one of CVC Funds portfolio companies, specialises in food
products such as packet soups, sauces and bouillon. It is primarily active in
Belgium, France, Germany, Finland and Sweden. Alvogen, another CVC portfolio
company is a niche pharmaceutical manufacturer operating in the US and Europe.
(8) The transaction therefore gives rise to vertical relationships between the Target's
upstream activities in flexible packaging and CVC's downstream activities in the
market for (i) dry mix products and (ii) pharmaceutical products.
(9) There are no horizontal overlaps between the Parties' activities.
3.1. Market definitions
3.1.1. Upstream market: flexible packaging
(10) Flexible packaging involves the conversion and printing of plastic and cellulose
films, aluminium foils and papers, which are used separately or in combination, to
produce primary and secondary packaging products for a wide variety of end-users.
4 Turnover calculated in accordance with Article 5 of the Merger Regulation and the Commission
Consolidated Jurisdictional Notice (OJ C 95, 16.4.2008, p. 1).
2
(11) Previously, the Commission has found that the market for flexible packaging could
be segmented on the basis of end-use applications as follows: (i) food, (ii) medical,
(iii) pharmaceuticals, (iv) household products and (v) other non-food.5
(12) Within food flexible packaging, a narrower segmentation has been considered by
distinguishing flexible packaging in respect of various categories of food: (a) dairy;
(b) beverages; (c) confectionary; (d) fresh; (e) dried; (f) frozen; and (g) pet food6,
but it was ultimately left open. Within pharmaceutical flexible packaging, a
narrower segmentation has been considered into (a) laminated sachets, (b) cold-
form blister bases, (c) plastic-based blister bases and (d) blister lidding, but it was
ultimately left open.7
(13) The Parties submit that there is a high degree of supply-side substitutability since
manufacturers of flexible packaging displaying one set of characteristics can
readily produce flexible packaging displaying a different set of characteristics.
Furthermore, according to the Parties, demand-side substitutability is inextricably
linked to supply-side substitutability since each customer of flexible packaging has
its own specific requirements.
(14) The Commission has previously considered that the geographic market for flexible
packaging is EEA-wide or wider, but ultimately left the market definition open.8
The Parties concur with the Commission's previous analysis on the geographic
scope for flexible packaging.
3.1.2. Downstream markets: dry food products and pharmaceutical products
(15) The Commission has previously found that Continental Foods was active in the
market for the provision of instant dry soups and regular dry soups.9 The
Commission also found a distinction between cold sauces and hot sauces with a
further division of hot sauces into wet sauces and dry sauces.10 The Commission
found the market for the production of food to be national in scope.11
(16) The Commission has previously considered that pharmaceuticals may be
subdivided into therapeutic classes by reference to the Anatomical Therapeutic
Classification (ATC) system which is a hierarchical and coded four-level system
that classifies medicinal products according to their indication, therapeutic use,
composition and mode of action.12 The Commission has previously considered
markets for pharmaceutical products to be national in scope, despite the trend for
standardisation at a European level.13
5 M.5599-Amcor / Alcan (2004); M. 3225-Alcan/Pechiney (II) (2003); M.3049-Alcan/Flexpack (2003);
M.2840-Danapack/Teich/JV (2002).
6 M.6681-Strategic Value Partners/Kloeckner Holdings; M.2441 Amcor/Danisco / Ahlstrom, (2001).
7 M.5599-Amcor / Alcan (2004).
8 M.5599-Amcor / Alcan (2004).
9 M.7028-CVC / Certain European Subsidiaries of Campbell Soup.
10 M.6753-Orkla / Rieber & Son ; M.1990-Unilever / BestFoods.
11 M.6753-Orkla / Rieber & Son; M.5975-Lion Capital / Picard Group; M.3658-Orkla/Chips, M.1990-
Unilever / BestFoods.
12 M.7480-Activis / Allergan.
13 M.5502-Merck / Schering-Plough; M.5865-Teva / Rathiopharm; M.4367-APW / APSA / Nordic
Capital / Capio and M.3354 – Sanofi-Synthelabo / Aventis.
3
(17) The Parties submit that the relevant downstream market for the purpose of
assessing the proposed transaction would be the purchasing market for flexible
packaging in the EEA rather than the downstream markets in which CVC's
portfolio companies compete. According to the Parties, given the structure of
supply and demand in the upstream market, Continental Foods' and Alvogen's
market position at national level has no impact on competition either at
downstream or upstream level.
3.1.3. Conclusion on market definitions
(18) In light of the above, the Commission considers that the exact delineation of the
relevant product and geographic markets can be left open in the present case, as no
serious doubts arise under any plausible product and geographic market definitions.
3.2. Competitive assessment
3.2.1. Downstream markets
(19) Continental Food purchases flexible food packaging for its dry mix products such
as instant and regular dry soups and dry hot sauces. Its national market shares in
the sale of soups and sauces range from [30-40]% to [90-100]%, but its share in the
purchase of flexible food packaging is less than [0-5]% in the EEA.
(20) Continental Foods spent only EUR […] million in the EEA for flexible food
packaging in 2015 which is very small in comparison to the Target's sales of
flexible packaging of EUR […] million and the size of the market which according
to the Parties' submission is EUR 9 896 million. Continental Foods does not
therefore constitute a sufficiently significant customer to raise customer foreclosure
concerns with respect to the upstream market for flexible food packaging.
(21) Alvogen is active in Bulgaria, Croatia, Ireland, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Portugal
and Slovakia and its market shares at national level for each ATC category is less
than 30%. The Parties submit that Alvogen's total demand for flexible packaging
for pharmaceuticals at EEA level is very small, given the number of other larger
pharmaceutical companies active in the EEA. Alvogen does not therefore constitute
a sufficiently significant customer to raise customer foreclosure concerns with
respect to the upstream market for flexible pharmaceutical packaging.
3.2.2. Upstream markets
(22) The total market size for flexible food packaging in the EEA was EUR 9 896
million in 2015 according to the Parties' submission. The Target's sales in the same
year were EUR[…] million, corresponding to less than [0-5]% market share at EEA
level. Even considering hypothetical national markets, the Target's market shares
would be less than [0-5]% in each of Benelux, France, Germany and Finland.
Although in Sweden the Target achieved a market share of [10-20]% in 2015, the
Parties submit that this may overstate its competitive position since many
customers appear to currently purchase flexible packaging from low cost countries
such as India, Turkey and Poland. The Parties submit that these imports reinforce
the argument that the market for flexible packaging is at least EEA-wide, if not
global.
4
(23) The Target's key competitors of flexible food packaging at EEA level are Amcor
Flexibles ([20-30]%), Constantia Flexible ([5-10]%), Mondi Packaging ([5-10]%),
Wipak ([0-5]%) and others, such as Huhtamaki, Sealed Air, Coveris, Clondalkin
and Sudpack.
(24) The total market size for flexible pharmaceutical packaging in the EEA was EUR
440 million in 2015. The Target achieved sales of only EUR […] million in 2015
corresponding to [0-5]% market share at EEA level.
(25) The Commission considers that it is unlikely that input foreclosure will arise from
the transaction. The Target is not an important supplier of flexible food and
pharmaceutical products and it faces sufficient strong competition in the upstream
markets, so that customers in the downstream markets will have sufficient
alternative sources of supply.
(26) Therefore, in light of the above, the Commission considers that the transaction does
not raise serious doubts as to its compatibility with the internal market and with the
EEA Agreement with respect to the vertical relationships between the Parties.
4. CONCLUSION
(27) For the above reasons, the European Commission has decided not to oppose the
notified operation and to declare it compatible with the internal market and with the
EEA Agreement. This decision is adopted in application of Article 6(1)(b) of the
Merger Regulation and Article 57 of the EEA Agreement.
For the Commission
(Signed)
Margrethe VESTAGER
Member of the Commission
