The Indian LGBT Workplace
Climate Survey 2016
A study by Mission for Indian Gay & Lesbian Empowerment
(MINGLE)
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Contents
Foreword - 2
Introduction - 3
Methodology and Participant Profile - 5
Survey Results - 7
Conclusions and Best Practices - 20
A Short Note on Section 377 - 21
About MINGLE - 22
About the authors
1
Foreword
Parmesh Shahani
Head of Godrej India Culture Lab
Author of the book Gay Bombay
This report continues the fine work done by MINGLE in shedding light on both – the good
and the bad experiences – that queer populations in India face on a daily basis. The survey
highlights some incredible work being done by enlightened employers and employees – both
LGBT and allies – in the world’s most exciting democracy. It mostly offers sobering statistics.
Homophobia is rampant and discrimination is commonplace. It is often accompanied by a
culture of complete silence. It shows just how much work needs to be done in the pursuit of
LGBT equality at Indian workplaces.
Efforts like these are valuable documents of our lives, our times and our struggles, and I
look forward to many more surveys of this nature, and indeed, a much more nuanced study
and analysis of what it means to be LGBT in India at this moment in history.
I want to congratulate the entire MINGLE team for this survey as well as the excellent
Indian LGBT Youth Leadership Summit they put together each year. We at Godrej are
especially proud of hosting this summit on our campus. Each year, as I listen to an exciting
new batch of future LGBT leaders from India, I feel energized and charged up for the
future. Our country’s LGBT citizens are certainly not a “minuscule minority”. We have a
voice, it is strong, and we refuse to be silent any longer in our quest to reclaim the equality
promised to us by our country’s constitution.
A special message for all our LGBT allies at the workplace- thank you for your support. You
show us each day that you work alongside us and support us, that LGBT rights are not just
our rights, but all our rights….just basic human rights. When you march alongside us at
Pride, join our LGBT initiatives “despite being straight”, and refuse to laugh at homophobic
jokes cracked around the photocopy machine, you give us hope that the inclusive India we
are imagining for tomorrow already exists today.
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Introduction
The Second Indian LGBT Workplace Climate Survey was conducted with the aim of
assessing the workplace environment vis-à-vis LGBT employees in corporate India. While
the first such survey in 2012 had revealed many key insights, the second survey sought to
follow up on those findings- especially in the context of homosexuality being recriminalized
by a Supreme Court ruling in December 2013.
Workplace Diversity & Inclusion has now been widely recognized as a business driver.
However, one segment of the employee base that is still largely neglected and their presence
unrecognized at least in the Indian workplace– is that of LGBT employees. The Supreme
Court ruling on Section 377 has also hurt the pace of progress on this issue.
Section 377 of Indian Penal Code does not criminalize LGBT identity and hence initiatives
that promote inclusion of LGBT employees – such as constituting Employee Resource
Groups- do not pose any legal risk for the companies, however risk-averse organizations
have taken a safer route by not taking any steps in this regard. On the other hand, some
multinationals- especially those based in the US and Europe are bringing LGBT-friendly
policies into their Indian offices as well.
This survey focused on three sectors of the economy- Information Technology, Banking
& Finance and FMCG & Manufacturing. Hundred respondents from various Indian and
foreign multinational companies participated in the survey that showed interesting results.
The results were a mixed bag - more than half of LGBT Indians we surveyed could be
legally fired from their jobs for being LGBT. Only a small minority- 4% are covered by
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same-sex partnership benefits, unsurprisingly, for a country which does not recognize same-
sex partnerships. The fact that 40% reported having faced some form of harassment for
being LGBT remains an issue of concern.
The survey also reaffirms the perception that openly LGBT employees are better
contributors and feel safer at the workplace compared to those who are closeted. The survey
shows that openly LGBT employees- as compared to their closeted counterparts- have
greater trust in their employers, have greater satisfaction with their rate of promotion, feel
more loyal to their organization and are more likely to continue with the same company for
a longer period of time.
With better awareness on LGBT issues, and more openness in the workplace, we are seeing
a wider representation of LGBT employees though the numbers for lesbian & transgender
employees is low, which also reflects the gender diversity gap in the workforce. The
survey team believes these results show our corporate bodies a glimpse of the workplace
environment from the perspective of their LGBT employees. Undoubtedly as more
organizations see the value of LGBT inclusion at workplace, they will work towards creating
an inclusive workplace.
Office of Workplace Diversity & Inclusion
MINGLE
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Methodology and
Participant profile
One hundred LGBT employees in
India- across the three major sectors of
Information Technology, Banking & Finance
and FMCG & Manufacturing were asked
to fill up a comprehensive and detailed
questionnaire focusing on key aspects of
diversity and inclusion at the workplace. The
survey team tried its best to ensure diversity
in terms of organizations, age and gender
by circulating the survey form among formal
and informal LGBT network members of
different organizations in multiple cities
across India.
With the objective of gaining greater
insights into some key issues, ten out of the
hundred participants went a step further
with us through qualitative interviews. These
were in-depth discussions where participants
shared personal experiences and anecdotes
building upon what was already discussed in
the questionnaire.
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Organization
Information Technology
HCL Technologies
Infosys
IBM
Capgemini
Tata Consultancy Services
Cognizant
Hewlett Packard
Oracle
SAP
FMCG & Manufacturing
Godrej
General Electric
Intel
Tata Motors
Banking/Finance
JP Morgan Chase
ICICI
State Bank of India
Standard Chartered
American Express
Definition of organization size as per total number of permanent employees
Small (Less than 100), Medium (100-1000), Large (1000-10,000), Very Large (More than 10,000)
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Survey Results
Coming out
For LGBT people globally, regardless of the level of progress made
on LGBT rights, coming out- or the process of disclosing one’s sexual
orientation or gender identity to people around them- remains the
defining experience. Therefore, any insight into workplace climate would
remain inadequate without discussing this vital issue.
Looking into data on how many of our respondents were out, and to what extent,
we can identify some key takeaways-
A small minority is out at work compared to the ones out to their families
25% 28% 44%
Out to Out to Out to
Colleagues Managers Families
Clearly, in spite of nearly half of our Colleagues Family
respondents being covered by LGBT
protection policies in the workplace, most
85% 69%
are not comfortable coming out yet- an
indication that policies and workplace Interestingly, for those who did come
culture may not necessarily be aligned out, they found greater acceptance in the
workplace compared to their homes
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Partially
Not out out Out
37 19 44
Out to family members
Their acceptance
31 40 29
Disapprove Partial Full
Acceptance acceptance
Partially
Not out out Out
34 42 24
Out to colleagues
Their acceptance
15 43 42
Disapprove Partial Full
Acceptance Acceptance
Partially
out
Not out 08 Out
64 28
Out to manager(s)
Their acceptance
19 37 44
Disapprove Partial Full
Acceptance Acceptance
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Human Resource / Diversity
& Inclusion policies
While it is often said that drafting policies is easier than creating a culture change, the
existence of LGBT friendly policies themselves is a first step that many Indian organizations
are yet to take. Even multinationals based outside India which have non-discriminatory
policies and practices in their Western offices, often do not replicate them for
their Indian employees.
48% 04%
Are covered by A small minority are covered
anti-discrimination policies by same sex benefits
That is half of LGBT Indians surveyed though many more have international
could be legally fired from their jobs for colleagues who get these benefits
being LGBT
87%
Do not have access to formal LGBT Employee
Resource Groups within their organization
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Percentage of respondents who work at organizations
that provide
Non-discrimination
on the basis of
sexual orientation 48% 22% 30%
Same-sex
partnership benefits
4% 26% 70%
Employee Resource
Groups for LGBT
employees 13% 14% 73%
Yes Globally, but not in No
India
13% 90%
have access to Out of whom
Employee Resource have signed up as
Groups members
Members who benefited significantly
from Employee Resource Group
64% 18% 18%
Yes No Can’t say
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Workplace Apart from instituting policies, another key focus area for an
effective diversity initiative is to foster a climate of inclusion
environment and acceptance. This remains more elusive, as our survey
shows that-
40%
report that they are often or sometimes are subject
to harassment in the workplace for being LGBT
2/3 1/5
Report hearing homophobic faced discrimination by their
comments in the workplace own Managers/HR
Harassment for being LGBT
8% 32% 60%
Often Sometimes Never
Homophobic comments by colleagues
22% 44% 34%
Often Sometimes Never
Discrimination by Manager/HR(s)
6% 13% 81%
Often Sometimes Never
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Employee perceptions & attitudes
The most interesting insights were found when we looked deeper into some key engagement
and retention issues. Overall, we found that LGBT employees who are out and supported
in the workplace have greater trust in their employers, are more satisfied with their rate
of promotions, feel that their performance is judged more fairly, and are generally more
comfortable in their interactions with their managers and colleagues. More importantly,
their stress levels are lower and are more likely to continue with the same organization in the
future.
However, regardless of whether someone is out or not, most respondents are clear that they
would like to work in an organization that is LGBT friendly, and that an organization’s HR
policies on this issue would be considered while deciding on whether they would like to work
there or not.
55% OUT
CLOSETED
38%
25% 25%
26%
16% 16%
13%
03% 06%
TRUST IN THEIR SATISFIED WITH THINKS HOW FAIR COMFORTABLE STRESS LEVEL
EMPLOYERS* RATE OF THEIR INTERACTING
PROMOTION* PERFORMANCE WITH
EVALUATION IS?** COLLEAGUES AND
MANAGERS**
65% Consider HR/diversity policies as a major factor
before they decide to join an organization
* Refers to those who agree or strongly agree to the statement (as elaborated on the next page)
** Refers to those who strongly agree to the statement (as elaborated on the next page)
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STRONGLY AGREE NEUTRAL DISAGREE STRONGLY
AGREE DISAGREE
I have high level of trust in my OUT
employers NOT OUT
I have entrepreneurial aims in OUT
coming months/years NOT OUT
I am satisfied with my rate of OUT
promotion NOT OUT
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I am comfortable interacting with my OUT
managers NOT OUT
I am comfortable interacting with my OUT
team-members/colleagues NOT OUT
My manager evaluates my OUT
performance fairly NOT OUT
I am satisfied with the quantity/ OUT
quality of my contributions to the NOT OUT
organization
I plan to continue in the company in OUT
the foreseeable future NOT OUT
I have not been stressed/depressed in OUT
the previous six months NOT OUT
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I am comfortable with the level of OUT
knowledge my colleagues have about NOT OUT
LGBT community
The presence of LGBT friendly OUT
policies & practices would be a NOT OUT
determining factor in joining a new
company/ continuing in the present
company
I would consider my workplace OUT
LGBT-friendly NOT OUT
Insights from interviews and
qualitative comments
Employee Resource Groups
and their impact
While most organizations in India do not provide LGBT Employee
Resource Groups or networks, the ones that do have such platforms
go a long way to provide a safe space and leadership opportunities.
I co-lead the LGBT ERG group at my
organization, through this role and
through my coming out, I have been
able to sensitize hundreds of people
at the workplace. The biggest impact
I found is that this sensitization
percolates beyond the workplace,
where these employees now become
allies to any queer members they
have in their extended families or
other circles.
Mid-level manager
MNC technology firm
Bangalore
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How policies impact culture
Organizations that have institutionalized LGBT friendly policies have seen a positive impact
on workplace culture and enabled LGBT employees to bring their whole selves to work. On
the other hand several large multinationals that operate out of India do not replicate their
LGBT friendly policies and practices for which they have even been recognized at a global
level, and this has a clear negative impact on employee morale.
Our organization’s LGBT friendly My company has a global
policies have impacted me greatly. The anti-discriminatory mandate across
fact that the company is so articulate all offices. They provide same-sex
about its intention – both in terms of partners the same benefits as the
policies and programming – makes married couples in the US. They
me proud to work here. As an out gay scored a perfect 100% in the HRC
person working in corporate India, Equality index. Unfortunately, they
this kind of supportive environment don’t have an India chapter of their
empowers me to bring my “whole self ” ERG. I volunteered and reached out to
to work and I don’t have to waste a lot the head of the global LGBT ERG and
of time in unproductive “covering”. was disappointed to know that they
don’t know anything about Indian
laws and how discrimination
Senior manager is rampant in the company.
A major Indian conglomerate
Mumbai
Mid-level manager
MNC IT firm
Gurgaon
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The Legal scenario: Impact of
Section 377 and Transgender issues
The shock judgment of the Supreme Court on Section 377- which recriminalized
homosexual acts between consenting adults, has led to much confusion among both
Indian organizations and global multinationals that are based in India. Risk-averse legal
departments have stonewalled HR initiatives in some cases, while others have withdrawn
policies introduced earlier. Often there is a lack of understanding of the legal nuances-
especially the fact that only certain sexual acts have been criminalized. Being LGBT is not
a crime, nor are organization efforts to promote inclusion of LGBT employees. Also, a later
Supreme Court ruling on transgender rights (the NALSA vs Union of India verdict) has
been largely ignored.
Most organizations including mine are in violation of
NALSA judgment. They do not have gender change forms
yet. Offices do not have gender neutral restrooms for
transgender people to use. I feel harassed by my Employee
Relations/ HR department when they say that we won’t
be allowed access to rest rooms of our chosen gender and
won’t be addressed by our chosen name till such time we
submit a government photo ID card with our chosen name
and gender. This is like trying to find legal ways of doing
unethical things.
Mid-level manager
MNC IT firm
Hyderabad
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The India offices have not been able to start an ERG,
the reason cited by the senior leadership being IPC 377 and
the recent Supreme Court ruling on the same.
Mid-level manager
MNC bank
Mumbai
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Corporate
Culture
LGBT employees- whether out or closeted – hope for a workplace culture that is free from
discrimination and harassment so that they could be their most productive selves at work
without having to worry about being judged for who they are.
I tried starting a group. But couldn’t I would want to work in a company
as I couldn’t find any support to start that does not discriminate at all against
it. Though I have clearance from the LGBT employees, rather it provides a safe
Diversity & Inclusion team, I need a few environment so that employees can be
openly gay employees apart from myself comfortable in expressing who they are.
to meaningfully start a group. There are times when you need support at
your workplace in the form of a mentor or
a guide who can understand your position,
Junior manager but that is absent here in the India office.
A Large Indian IT firm
Bangalore
Mid-level manager
MNC IT firm
Gurgaon
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Conclusions and the way forward
Our survey of LGBT employees in India outlines the many reasons why an LGBT inclusive
workplace environment is essential not just for the purpose of corporate responsibility, it is
a clear business requirement especially in an environment where the struggle to attract and
retain the best talent is getting increasingly intense. It is also clear that there remains much
work to be done to create a truly inclusive work environment for LGBT employees in India.
Our research team suggests a few actionable steps all organizations can take.
LGBT Diversity and Inclusion
HR POLICIES CORPORATE CULTURE COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
Equal opportunity policy Sensitization training for Participation in major LGBT
that covers sexual orientation people managers and team community events such as
and gender identity members Pride marches through your
ERG
HR forms and HRIS Visible sponsorship from
that is inclusive of LGBT senior leaders Support relevant LGBT
employees (for example, field community events through
for gender should include A well supported Employee Diversity/CSR sponsorship
“Other”) Resource Group (ERG) for
LGBT and straight allies Network with ERGs of peer
Partnership benefits to companies
same-sex couples
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A short note on Section 377
of Indian Penal Code
Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code prohibits
“carnal intercourse against the order of nature”. It
has been interpreted by Indian courts to be against
homosexual acts between men. As many LGBT
advocates have pointed out, it is very difficult to prove
in a court of law that certain sexual acts have been
committed, but the very existence of this law in the
statute books has been used as a tool for blackmail and
harassment- primarily against gay and bisexual men.
While the law criminalizes sexual acts, it does not
criminalize the identity of being LGBT, nor does it
prohibit organization efforts to create an inclusive
workplace for LGBT employees. It also does not
prohibit publicly supporting LGBT equality.
The Supreme Court of India has accepted a curative
petition seeking a review of the law.
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About MINGLE
MINGLE (Mission for Indian Gay & Lesbian Empowerment) is
first of its kind LGBT think-tank and advocacy group consisting of
academicians, students and professionals from fields as diverse as the
Arts and Sciences, Journalism, Law, Medicine, Management and
Engineering. Its vision is a truly liberal and pluralistic India where all
citizens enjoy their fundamental right to lead a secure and dignified
life irrespective of their sexual orientation and gender identity.
Over the last five years, MINGLE has partnered with Community
based organizations, Corporates and Universities across India, acting
as a catalyst for positive change to happen for LGBT Indians and
their families and friends.
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Udayan Dhar is Diversity & Ramkrishna Sinha is a Zafrulla Khan works in
Inclusion manager at Godrej creative artist and equal rights Financial Analytics at Thomson
Industries- where he works activist who uses photography, Reuters. He is one of the
across group companies with blogging and dance as mediums Global Leads of “Pride at
a focus on gender, LGBT and for his work. He works as a Work” Business Resource
people with disabilities. He is Graphics Hardware Engineer Group (BRG), driving strategic
also Editor-in-Chief of Pink with Intel in Bengaluru where direction of the organizational
Pages- India’s National LGBT he also leads the LGBT efforts at the workplace at
Magazine and his writings Employee Resource Group. He the global level. He is closely
have been featured in People graduated from BITS Pilani in associated with many NGOs in
Matters, Kindle Magazine, Electronics & Instrumentation Bangalore that work for LGBT
Bombay Dost, among other Engineering. equality.
publications. r.sinha28@gmail.com zafar.parekh@gmail.com
udayan@mingle.org.in
Sponsors & Supporters
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