Chapter 21 - The Seedless Vascular Plants: Ferns and Their Relatives
Chapter 21
The Seedless Vascular Plants: Ferns and Their Relatives
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Ancient land plants are thought to be derived from
A. brown algae.
B. green algae.
C. cyanobacteria.
D. bacteria.
E. bryophytes.
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2. One of the significant adaptations to prevent drying out in the land environment was the
development by vascular plants of (a)
A. leaf system.
B. cuticle.
C. stomata.
D. flowering system.
E. both [cuticle and stomata] are correct.
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3. Enations are small, flattened green protuberances found on the stems of
A. club mosses.
B. horsetails.
C. quillworts.
D. true mosses.
E. whisk ferns.
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Chapter 21 - The Seedless Vascular Plants: Ferns and Their Relatives
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Chapter 21 - The Seedless Vascular Plants: Ferns and Their Relatives
4. Whisk ferns produce sporangia on the upper surface of leaf-like flaps of tissue called
_________.
A. gametophylls
B. microphylls
C. enations
D. sporophylls
E. megaphylls
5. The gametophytes of which of the following are saprobic?
A. club mosses
B. horsetails
C. quillworts
D. true mosses
E. whisk ferns
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6. Which of the following probably did NOT occur when a shift from aquatic to terrestrial
habitats took place millions of years ago?
A. sterile jackets of cells developed around gametangia
B. embryos developed within protective tissues
C. a cuticle appeared
D. chlorophyll appeared
E. All of these answers are correct.
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7. Which of the following has neither true leaves nor true roots?
A. club mosses (Lycopodium)
B. whisk ferns (Psilotum)
C. spike mosses (Selaginella)
D. horsetails (Equisetum)
E. ferns
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Chapter 21 - The Seedless Vascular Plants: Ferns and Their Relatives
8. Within the seedless vascular plant group, the relationship of ______________ to the ferns
and other fern allies is unresolved.
A. tree ferns
B. flowering plants
C. whisk ferns
D. hornworts
E. liverworts
9. The so-called fern allies (relatives of ferns) include several divisions of plants related to
ferns. Which of the following belongs to this group?
A. club mosses
B. hornworts
C. liverworts
D. tree ferns
E. lichens
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10. The spores of which of the following were used at one time for flashlight powder in
photography and the theater?
A. ferns
B. club mosses
C. true mosses
D. quillworts
E. horsetails
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11. Sporophylls are
A. leaves that bear sporangia.
B. insects that consume spores.
C. special spores of quillworts.
D. photosynthetic sporangia.
E. spore mother cells of horsetails.
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Chapter 21 - The Seedless Vascular Plants: Ferns and Their Relatives
12. In nature asexual propagation of ground pines (Lycopodium) may take place by means of
which of the following?
A. gemmae
B. root divisions
C. bulbils
D. corms
E. cladophylls
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13. The leaves of spike mosses and quillworts have an appendage called a
A. stipule.
B. bract.
C. gland.
D. ligule.
E. lobe.
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14. A fundamental distinction between club mosses (Lycopodium) and spike mosses
(Selaginella) involves differences in their
A. roots.
B. stems.
C. habitats.
D. chlorophyll.
E. spores.
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Chapter 21 - The Seedless Vascular Plants: Ferns and Their Relatives
15. A spike moss microspore has the potential to develop into which of the following?
A. female gametophyte
B. male gametophyte
C. sporophyte
D. protonema
E. None of these answers are correct.
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Chapter 21 - The Seedless Vascular Plants: Ferns and Their Relatives
16. Lycopods produce sporangia which are produced on the upper surface of modified leaves
termed
A. gametophylls.
B. microphylls.
C. enations.
D. sporophylls.
E. megaphylls.
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17. The common name for ground pines is based on the appearance of the ___________,
which is an evergreen stem running along the surface of the solid.
A. megaphylls
B. gametophyte
C. sporophylls
D. cones and seed
E. sporophyte
18. Living spike mosses and quillworts produce ______________, a reproductive feature
referred to as ________.
A. two types of spores; heterospory
B. one type of spore; monospory
C. large leaves; megaphylly
D. nonflagellated sperm cells; motile reproduction
E. woody stems; arboreal
19. Which of the following is considered to be a likely ancestor of the club mosses?
A. Zosterophyllum
B. Psilotum
C. Tmesipteris
D. Equisetum
E. Isoetes
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Chapter 21 - The Seedless Vascular Plants: Ferns and Their Relatives
20. Carinal and vallecular canals are found in the stems of
A. true ferns.
B. club mosses and ground pines.
C. horsetails.
D. quillworts.
E. whisk ferns.
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21. Which of the following are the air tubes located within horsetail (Equisetum) stems
between the ribs?
A. central canals
B. carinal canals
C. vallecular canals
D. aerenchyma canals
E. None of these answers are correct.
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22. The stems of which of the following are the plant's principal sites of photosynthesis?
A. club mosses
B. spike mosses
C. whisk ferns
D. horsetails
E. More than one of these answers are correct.
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23. Which of the following unrelated structures function according to changes in humidity?
A. elaters of liverworts
B. elaters of horsetails
C. moss peristomes
D. None of these answers are correct.
E. All of these answers are correct.
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Chapter 21 - The Seedless Vascular Plants: Ferns and Their Relatives
24. The substance in horsetail stems that makes them suitable for scouring is
A. magnesium salts.
B. silica.
C. calcium carbonate.
D. table salt.
E. potassium chloride.
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25. Cannel coal is fossilized
A. fern spores.
B. fern stems.
C. horsetail and club moss spores.
D. horsetail stems.
E. club moss stems.
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26. Archegonia and antheridia are structures where _____________ are produced.
A. spores
B. elaters
C. gametes
D. sporoctyes
E. peristomes
27. Leaves with more than one vein and a leaf trace are generally classified as
A. compound leaves.
B. megaphylls.
C. simple leaves.
D. pinnate leaves.
E. microphylls.
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Chapter 21 - The Seedless Vascular Plants: Ferns and Their Relatives
28. The semi-transparent tissue that protects immature sporangia in many ferns is called a/an
A. indusium.
B. jacket.
C. sporophyll.
D. soral coat.
E. sorus.
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29. In ferns an annulus is directly and intimately associated with a/an
A. frond.
B. rhizome.
C. adventitious root.
D. sporangium.
E. prothallus.
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30. The antheridia of ferns are usually located
A. around the apical notch of the prothallus.
B. within a sorus on a frond.
C. among the rhizoids on the prothallus.
D. in the axils of rhizome scales.
E. around the margins of the prothallus.
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31. In ferns, meiosis occurs in this structure.
A. sporangium
B. gametophyte
C. frond
D. rhizome
E. sporophyte
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32. A favorite growing medium for orchid growers comes from
A. fern fronds.
B. fern “bark.”
C. dried club mosses.
D. dried horsetail stems.
E. quillwort leaves.
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33. Which pair of plants is placed in the same division?
A. Selaginella and Tmesipteris
B. Isoetes and Psilotum
C. Psilotum and Tmesipteris
D. Lycopodium and Equisetum
E. Lycopodium and Psilotum
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34. Bryophytes, ferns and fern allies all require _________________ for sexual reproduction
because the sperm cells ______________.
A. pollinators; depend on animals for distribution
B. wind currents; depend on wind for gamete distribution
C. surface water; swim to the egg cell
D. dry conditions; must be dry before they fertilize egg cells
E. None of the above
35. Primitive plants, which are believed to be the ancestors of present-day ferns, appeared
during which of the following geological periods?
A. Devonian
B. Carboniferous
C. Ordovician
D. Permian
E. Cretaceous
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Chapter 21 - The Seedless Vascular Plants: Ferns and Their Relatives
36. People have used ferns for which of the following purposes?
A. to reduce indoor air pollution
B. landscaping
C. drugs to promote urination (diuretics)
D. food
E. all of the above
37. The fern gametophyte is typically _____________________.
A. large and long-lived
B. nonphotosynthetic and saprobic
C. attached to the sporophyte
D. small and photosynthetic
E. used in landscaping
38. The fossilized dungs of prehistoric animals and humans are called
A. compressions.
B. petrifactions.
C. casts.
D. coprolites.
E. molds.
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39. Botanists who study fossil plant materials in their research are known as
A. spelunkers.
B. plant historians.
C. phycologists.
D. geobotanists.
E. paleobotanists.
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Chapter 21 - The Seedless Vascular Plants: Ferns and Their Relatives
40. Uncompressed rocklike fossils in which the original cell structure has been preserved are
A. molds.
B. petrifactions.
C. casts.
D. unaltered fossils.
E. imprints.
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41. _______________ are an excellent place to find fossils of ferns and fern allies.
A. Volcanic deposits
B. Limestone rocks
C. Diatomaceous earth
D. Sandstone rocks
E. Coal mines
True / False Questions
42. Whisk ferns consist primarily of stems.
TRUE
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43. The leaves of both club mosses and quillworts are microphylls.
TRUE
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44. Leaves that bear sporangia are called sporophylls.
TRUE
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45. Quillworts have no stems.
FALSE
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46. The annulus of a fern sporangium functions in spore dispersal.
TRUE
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47. Fern fronds are often subdivided into pinnae.
TRUE
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48. The prothalli of ferns normally produce rhizoids.
TRUE
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49. A petrifaction is a fossil in which the preserved organism is found in an unaltered state.
FALSE
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50. The image of a compression fossil is called an imprint.
TRUE
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Chapter 21 - The Seedless Vascular Plants: Ferns and Their Relatives
51. Tmesipteris is a close relative of whisk ferns.
TRUE
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52. The leaves of horsetails are called ligules.
FALSE
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53. Ancient relatives of both club mosses and horsetails were large and treelike.
TRUE
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54. Club moss spores emit a flash of light when ignited.
TRUE
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55. Ferns produce seeds but no spores.
FALSE
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56. Equisetum belongs to a group of plants called "pig tails".
FALSE
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57. Ferns are distinguished from their relatives by having megaphylls.
TRUE
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58. Embryos are not produced by ferns, only spores.
FALSE
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59. Enations are pre-leaves that are found in Psilotum.
TRUE
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60. The soft coal, cannel, consists primarily of carbonized spores of giant horsetails and club
mosses.
TRUE
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