™

L-Gate
CEA-709/BACnet Gateway

User Manual

LOYTEC electronics GmbH

 Contact

LOYTEC
Blumengasse 35
A-1170 Vienna
AUSTRIA/EUROPE
support@loytec.com
http://www.loytec.com

Version 3.2

Document 88072407

LOYTEC MAKES AND YOU RECEIVE NO WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS,

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AND
LOYTEC SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF
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No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted,

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without the prior written permission of LOYTEC.

LC3020™, L-Chip™, L-Core™, L-DALI™, L-GATE™, L-INX™, L-IOB™, L-IP™,

LPA™, L-Proxy™, L-Switch™, L-Term™, L-VIS™, L-WEB™, and ORION™ stack are
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trademarks of Echelon Corporation registered in the United States and other countries.
L-Gate User Manual 3 LOYTEC

Contents

1 Introduction ................................................................................................11
1.1 Overview ............................................................................................................11
1.2 Scope...................................................................................................................12
2 Quick-Start Guide ......................................................................................13
2.1 Hardware installation .......................................................................................13
2.2 Configuration of the L-Gate.............................................................................14
2.2.1 IP Configuration on the Console .............................................................14
2.2.2 IP Configuration via the Web Interface ...................................................15
2.2.3 BACnet Configuration.............................................................................16
2.3 Gateway Configuration with LNS-based Tools..............................................17
3 Hardware Installation ................................................................................18
3.1 Enclosure ...........................................................................................................18
3.1.1 LGATE-900.............................................................................................18
3.2 Product Label ....................................................................................................19
3.3 Mounting............................................................................................................19
3.4 LED signals........................................................................................................19
3.4.1 Power LED ..............................................................................................19
3.4.2 Status LED...............................................................................................19
3.4.3 MSTP Activity LED ................................................................................19
3.4.4 FT Activity LED......................................................................................19
3.4.5 Ethernet Link LED...................................................................................20
3.4.6 Ethernet Activity LED .............................................................................20
3.4.7 CN/IP LED ..............................................................................................20
3.4.8 BACnet/IP LED.......................................................................................20
3.4.9 Wink Action.............................................................................................21
3.4.10 Network Diagnostics................................................................................21
3.5 Status Button .....................................................................................................21
3.6 DIP Switch Settings...........................................................................................21
3.7 Terminal Layout and Power Supply ...............................................................22
3.8 Wiring ................................................................................................................22
4 Web Interface .............................................................................................24
4.1 Device Information and Account Management .............................................24
4.2 Device Configuration ........................................................................................26
4.2.1 System Configuration ..............................................................................26
4.2.2 Backup and Restore .................................................................................27

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4.2.3 Port Configuration................................................................................... 28

4.2.4 IP Configuration...................................................................................... 28
4.2.5 CEA-709 Configuration .......................................................................... 30
4.2.6 CEA-852 Device Configuration.............................................................. 30
4.2.7 BACnet Configuration ............................................................................ 32
4.2.8 BACnet/IP Configuration........................................................................ 32
4.2.9 MS/TP Configuration .............................................................................. 33
4.2.10 BACnet BDT (Broadcast Distribution Table) ......................................... 34
4.2.11 E-Mail Configuration .............................................................................. 34
4.2.12 Data Points .............................................................................................. 35
4.2.13 Trend ....................................................................................................... 37
4.2.14 Scheduler................................................................................................. 37
4.2.15 Calendar .................................................................................................. 39
4.2.16 Alarm....................................................................................................... 40
4.3 Device Statistics ................................................................................................ 41
4.3.1 System Log.............................................................................................. 41
4.3.2 IP Statistics.............................................................................................. 42
4.3.3 CEA-852 Statistics .................................................................................. 43
4.3.4 Enhanced Communications Test ............................................................. 43
4.3.5 CEA-709 Statistics .................................................................................. 44
4.3.6 BACnet MS/TP Statistics ........................................................................ 45
4.3.7 Scheduler Statistics Page......................................................................... 46
4.3.8 Alarm Log Page ...................................................................................... 46
4.4 Reset, Contact, Logout ..................................................................................... 47
5 Concepts ......................................................................................................48
5.1 CEA-709/BACnet Gateway ............................................................................. 48
5.2 Data Points ........................................................................................................ 48
5.2.1 Overview ................................................................................................. 48
5.2.2 Timing Parameters .................................................................................. 49
5.2.3 Default Values......................................................................................... 49
5.2.4 Persistency............................................................................................... 50
5.2.5 Behavior on Value Changes .................................................................... 50
5.2.6 Custom Scaling ....................................................................................... 50
5.2.7 System Registers ..................................................................................... 51
5.2.8 User Registers ......................................................................................... 51
5.2.9 Math Objects ........................................................................................... 51
5.3 Connections ....................................................................................................... 51
5.4 AST Features .................................................................................................... 52
5.4.1 Alarming.................................................................................................. 52

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5.4.2 Historical Alarm Log ...............................................................................53

5.4.3 Scheduling ...............................................................................................53
5.4.4 Trending...................................................................................................56
5.4.5 E-Mail ......................................................................................................56
5.5 CEA-709 Technology ........................................................................................57
5.5.1 CEA-709 Data Points...............................................................................57
5.5.2 Static Interface Changes ..........................................................................58
5.5.3 Limitations for Local CEA-709 Schedulers.............................................58
5.5.4 Limitations for CEA-709 Alarm Servers .................................................58
5.5.5 Limitations for Local CEA-709 Trends ...................................................59
5.6 BACnet Technology ..........................................................................................59
5.6.1 BACnet Data Points.................................................................................59
5.6.2 BACnet Alarming ....................................................................................59
5.6.3 BACnet Schedulers and Calendars ..........................................................60
5.6.4 BACnet Trend Logs.................................................................................60
5.7 Automatic Generation of Connections ............................................................61
6 The L-Gate Configurator ..........................................................................62
6.1 Installation .........................................................................................................62
6.1.1 Software Installation ................................................................................62
6.1.2 Registration as a Plug-In..........................................................................62
6.1.3 Operating Modes .....................................................................................64
6.2 Data Point Manager..........................................................................................64
6.2.1 Folder List................................................................................................65
6.2.2 Network Port Folders...............................................................................66
6.2.3 Data Point List .........................................................................................66
6.2.4 Property View ..........................................................................................67
6.2.5 Managing Multistate Maps ......................................................................68
6.2.6 CEA-709 Properties.................................................................................69
6.2.7 BACnet Properties ...................................................................................70
6.3 Project Settings..................................................................................................71
6.3.1 General.....................................................................................................71
6.3.2 Data Point Naming Rules.........................................................................72
6.3.3 CEA-709 Settings ....................................................................................72
6.3.4 AST Settings ............................................................................................73
6.3.5 BACnet Settings ......................................................................................75
6.4 Workflows for the L-Gate ................................................................................75
6.4.1 Involved Configuration Files ...................................................................76
6.4.2 Configure with LNS ................................................................................76
6.4.3 Configure without LNS ...........................................................................77

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6.4.4 Configure without LNS Using Bindings ................................................. 77

6.4.5 Replace an L-Gate ................................................................................... 79
6.4.6 Configure from BACnet.......................................................................... 79
6.5 Adding L-Gate .................................................................................................. 80
6.6 Replace an L-Gate ............................................................................................ 83
6.7 Using the L-Gate Configurator ....................................................................... 86
6.7.1 Starting as an LNS Plug-In...................................................................... 86
6.7.2 Starting Stand-Alone ............................................................................... 86
6.7.3 Uploading the Configuration................................................................... 87
6.7.4 Scanning for Network Variables ............................................................. 88
6.7.5 Importing Network Variables.................................................................. 89
6.7.6 Scanning NVs online from the Network ................................................. 90
6.7.7 Select and Use Network Variables .......................................................... 92
6.7.8 Change the NV Allocation ...................................................................... 92
6.7.9 Create Static NVs .................................................................................... 93
6.7.10 Create External NVs................................................................................ 94
6.7.11 Generate BACnet Objects ....................................................................... 96
6.7.12 Create User Registers .............................................................................. 97
6.7.13 Configuration Download......................................................................... 98
6.7.14 Build XIF for Port Interface .................................................................... 99
6.7.15 Enable Legacy NM Mode ....................................................................... 99
6.7.16 Upload Dynamic NVs from Device ...................................................... 100
6.7.17 Upload the System Log ......................................................................... 100
6.8 Advanced CEA-709 Configuration ............................................................... 101
6.8.1 Working with Configuration Properties ................................................ 101
6.8.2 Install Unconfigured Devices................................................................ 103
6.8.3 Using Feedback Data Points.................................................................. 103
6.8.4 Working with UNVTs, UCPTs ............................................................. 104
6.9 Connections ..................................................................................................... 104
6.9.1 Create a New Connection...................................................................... 104
6.9.2 Create Connections from a CSV File .................................................... 105
6.9.3 Modify Connections .............................................................................. 106
6.9.4 Connection Overview............................................................................ 106
6.10 BACnet Configuration ................................................................................... 107
6.10.1 Scan for BACnet Objects ...................................................................... 107
6.10.2 Import from EDE File ........................................................................... 108
6.10.3 Use Imported BACnet Objects.............................................................. 108
6.10.4 Edit a Client Mapping ........................................................................... 109
6.10.5 Create Server Object ............................................................................. 109

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6.10.6 Map other Properties than Present_Value..............................................110

6.10.7 Enable International Character Support.................................................111
6.11 E-Mail Templates............................................................................................112
6.11.1 Create an E-Mail Template ....................................................................112
6.11.2 Trigger E-Mails......................................................................................113
6.11.3 Attachments ...........................................................................................114
6.11.4 Limit E-Mail Send Rate .........................................................................115
6.12 Local Schedule and Calendar ........................................................................115
6.12.1 Create a Calendar...................................................................................115
6.12.2 Create Calendar Pattern .........................................................................116
6.12.3 Create a Local Scheduler .......................................................................116
6.12.4 Configure Scheduled Data Points ..........................................................117
6.12.5 Configure Daily Schedules ....................................................................118
6.12.6 Configure Exception Days.....................................................................120
6.12.7 Configure Embedded Exceptions ..........................................................121
6.12.8 Configure Control Data Points ..............................................................122
6.12.9 Using the SNVT_tod_event...................................................................122
6.12.10 Using the Local Scheduler ...............................................................123
6.13 Local Alarming................................................................................................123
6.13.1 Create an Alarm Server..........................................................................123
6.13.2 Create an Alarm Condition ....................................................................124
6.13.3 Deliver Alarms via E-Mail.....................................................................126
6.13.4 Create an Alarm Log..............................................................................126
6.14 Local Trending ................................................................................................127
6.14.1 Create a Local Trend..............................................................................127
6.14.2 Configure Trended Data Points .............................................................128
6.14.3 Trend Triggers .......................................................................................129
6.14.4 Download Trend Data in CSV Format ..................................................130
6.14.5 Deliver Trend Data via E-Mail ..............................................................130
6.15 Remote AST Objects.......................................................................................131
6.15.1 Remote Scheduler and Calendar............................................................131
6.15.2 Alarm Clients.........................................................................................132
6.16 Math Objects ...................................................................................................133
6.16.1 Create a Math Object .............................................................................133
6.16.2 Editing a Math Object............................................................................134
6.17 Mapping CEA-709 and BACnet Schedules ..................................................135
6.17.1 Mapping and Limitations.......................................................................135
6.17.2 Map from CEA-709 to BACnet.............................................................136
6.17.3 Map from BACnet to CEA-709.............................................................137

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6.17.4 Create One-Way Mappings ................................................................... 138

7 Operating Interfaces ................................................................................139
7.1 Common Interface.......................................................................................... 139
7.1.1 Schedule and Calendar XML Files ....................................................... 139
7.1.2 Trend Log CSV File.............................................................................. 139
7.1.3 Alarm Log CSV File ............................................................................. 141
7.2 CEA-709 Interface.......................................................................................... 141
7.2.1 NV Import File ...................................................................................... 141
7.2.2 Node Object .......................................................................................... 142
7.2.3 Extended Node Object Interface ........................................................... 143
7.2.4 Real-Time Keeper Object...................................................................... 144
7.2.5 Calendar Object..................................................................................... 144
7.2.6 Scheduler Object ................................................................................... 144
7.2.7 Clients Object........................................................................................ 144
7.2.8 Gateway Objects ................................................................................... 144
7.3 BACnet Interface............................................................................................ 144
7.3.1 Device Object........................................................................................ 144
7.3.2 Client Mapping CSV File...................................................................... 147
7.3.3 EDE Export of BACnet Objects............................................................ 148
8 Network Media .........................................................................................149
8.1 FT..................................................................................................................... 149
9 L-Gate Firmware Update ........................................................................150
9.1 Firmware Update via the Configurator........................................................ 150
9.2 Firmware Update via the Console................................................................. 152
10 Troubleshooting........................................................................................154
10.1 Technical Support .......................................................................................... 154
10.2 Statistics on the Console................................................................................. 154
10.2.1 Connecting to the Console .................................................................... 154
10.2.2 Reset Configuration (factory defaults) .................................................. 155
10.2.3 Device Statistics Menu.......................................................................... 155
11 Application Notes .....................................................................................157
11.1 The LSD Tool.................................................................................................. 157
11.2 Use of Static, Dynamic, and External NVs on a Device .............................. 157
12 Firmware Versions ...................................................................................158
13 Specifications ............................................................................................159
13.1 LGATE-900..................................................................................................... 159
13.1.1 Physical Specifications.......................................................................... 159
13.1.2 Resource Limits..................................................................................... 159

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14 Revision History .......................................................................................161

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Abbreviations

100BaseT............................ 100 Mbps Ethernet network with RJ-45 plug

Aggregation ........................ Collection of several CEA-709 packets into a single CEA-852
packet
AST .................................... Alarming, Scheduling, Trending
BACnet............................... Building Automation and Control Network
CC....................................... Configuration Client, also known as CN/IP Device
CEA-709............................. Protocol standard for LONWORKS networks
CEA-852............................. Protocol standard for tunneling CEA-709 packets over IP
channels
CN ...................................... Control Network
CN/IP.................................. Control Network over IP
CN/IP Channel ................... logical IP channels that tunnels CEA-709 packets according
CEA-852
CN/IP packet ...................... IP packet that tunnels one or multiple CEA-709 packet(s)
COV ................................... change-of-value
CR....................................... Channel Routing
CS ....................................... Configuration Server that manages CEA-852 IP devices
DHCP ................................. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131, RFC 2132
DNS.................................... Domain Name Server, RFC 1034
DST .................................... Daylight Saving Time
GMT ................................... Greenwich Mean Time
IP ........................................ Internet Protocol
LSD Tool............................ LOYTEC System Diagnostics Tool
MAC................................... Media Access Control
MD5 ................................... Message Digest 5, a secure hash function, see Internet RFC
1321
MS/TP ................................ Master/Slave Token Passing (this is a BACnet data link layer)
NAT.................................... Network Address Translation, see Internet RFC 1631
NV ...................................... Network Variable
RTT .................................... Round-Trip Time
SMTP ................................. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SNTP .................................. Simple Network Time Protocol
SNVT ................................. Standard Network Variable Type
SSL ..................................... Secure Socket Layer
TLS..................................... Transport Layer Security
UI........................................ User Interface
UNVT................................. User-Defined Network Variable Type
UTC.................................... Universal Time Coordinated
XML ................................... eXtensible Markup Language

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1 Introduction

1.1 Overview
The L-Gate is a high performance, reliable and secure network infrastructure component
that provides data access to a defined set of data points, which are mapped from one
control network technology to another control network technology. In particular, the CEA-
709/BACnet Gateway (LGATE-900) implements mappings between a set of CEA-709
network variables (NVs) and a set of standard BACnet server objects. Which NVs are
mapped to BACnet objects can be configured by an LNS plug-in or stand-alone
configuration software. Easy to understand diagnostic LEDs allow installers and system
integrators to install and troubleshoot this device without expert knowledge and dedicated
troubleshooting tools. The LGATE-900 is equipped with a 100-BaseT Ethernet port (IP),
an FT-10 port (CEA-709), and an RS-485 port (MS/TP). The device is fully compliant with
ANSI/CEA-709 and ENV14908, ANSI/ASHRAE-135-2004 and ISO 16484.

On the CEA-709 side of the L-Gate, there can be up to 1000 NVs. The NVs can be bound
in the CEA-709 network or operated as “external NVs”. External NVs are polled or
explicitly written to without allocating static or dynamic NVs on the L-Gate. In this case,
address information is supplied by the configuration software by importing e.g. a CSV file.
As communications media on the CEA-709 side, the L-Gate supports either the FT-10
channel or an CEA-852 channel (IP channel over the Inranet/Internet). Which of the two
interfaces is used is configurable. The CEA-852 interface can be used behind NAT routers
and firewalls, which allows seamless integration in already existing Intranet networks. It
supports DHCP even with changing IP addresses in an Intranet environment.

The BACnet objects on the L-Gate can be of the type analog input/output, binary
input/output, and multistate input/output. There can be up to 750 of such objects. They are
mapped to NVs as configuraed by the Gateway configuration software. This software is
able to automatically create BACnet object as counterparts to NVs. In particular, BACnet
properties such as Object_Name, Description, Units, Max_Pres_Value, Min_Pres_Value,
Resolution, Number_Of_States, and State_Text are derived from the Standard Network
Variable Types (SNVTs)1. Further, the automatically assigned default values can be edited
in the configuration software. BACnet properties updated during run-time by the gateway
are Present_Value, Status_Flags, Reliability, Out_Of_Service. Structured NVs are mapped
to one BACnet object per structure member. The BACnet server objects are accessible
from the BACnet network. In addition, the L-Ggate also includes BACnet client
functionality. For each server object a “client mapping” can be defined. These mappings
specify other BACnet objects on the network where the L-Gate can read values from (poll
or COV subscribe) or write updates to.

1
This is based on the recommendation in CEN/TS 15231:2006.

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The built-in Web server allows convenient device configuration through a standard Web
browser such as the Internet Explorer or Firefox. The Web interface also provides statistics
information for system installation and network troubleshooting.

In firmware 1.2 and up, the L-Gate supports user-defined network variable types (UNVTs)
as dynamic or external NVs, and can access configuration properties (CPs) on other
devices through file transfer. To transfer CPs it supports both the LonMark file transfer and
the read memory access method. For CPs, the standard (SCPTs) and user-defined (UCPTs)
are supported. All of those new CEA-709 data points can be mapped automatically to
BACnet objects.

In firmware versions from 3.0 and up, the L-Gate also supports Trendlog, Schedule and
Notification Class objects. These objects can be used to operate on any of the basic
BACnet objects, which are mapped to CEA-709 NVs. This allows the L-Gate to provide
trend data of one or more NVs, schedule NVs and BACnet objects, and report alarms based
on NV conditions directly in BACnet. There can be up to 100 scheduler and calendar
objects, up to 32 notification class objects, and up to 100 trend log objects with an
aggregated total log buffer size of 2MB.

Furthermore, the L-Gate provides LonMark scheduler/calendar objects, which can directly
schedule NVs or be translated to BACnet schedules/calendars. For alarm conditions, the L-
Gate can be configured to send E-Mails to pre-defined addresses.

The L-Gate is used for:

• connecting BACnet and CEA-709 networks,
• communicating on BACnet with either BACnet/IP or BACnet/MSTP,
• communicating on CEA-709 with either FT-10 or CEA-852 (IP channel on the
Intranet/Internet),
• accessing ANSI/CEA-709 network variables (NVs) and configuration properties (CPs)
in BACnet,
• supporting standard (SNVT, SCPT) and user-defined (UNVT, UCPT) types,
• accessing BACnet objects in ANSI/CEA-709 networks,
• scheduling BACnet objects and ANSI/CEA-709 network variables,
• translating BACnet schedules/calendars to LonMark schedules/calendars,
• trending BACnet objects,
• generating alarms using intrinsic reporting on BACnet objects,
• sending E-Mails on alarms or scheduled events.

1.2 Scope
This document covers L-Gate devices with firmware version 3.2 and the L-Gate
Configurator Software version 3.2. See Chapter 12 for differences between the different
L-Gate firmware versions.

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2 Quick-Start Guide

This Chapter shows step-by-step instructions on how to configure the L-Gate for a simple
network architecture, mapping CEA-709 network variables to BACnet server objects.

2.1 Hardware installation

Connect power (12-35 VDC or 12-24 VAC), the CEA-709 network, and the Ethernet cable
as shown in Figure 1. More detailed instructions are shown in Chapter 3.

Important: Do not connect terminal 17 to earth ground!

Power Supply
Ethernet

Figure 1: Basic Hardware Installation

If the L-Gate is connected to a BACnet MS/TP network, the MS/TP network segment must
be properly terminated with an LT-04 network terminator connected at each of the two
ends of the segment media.

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2.2 Configuration of the L-Gate

The L-Gate can be configured via a console interface or via the Web interface. To
configure the L-Gate, the following steps have to be performed:

1. Setup IP configuration (see Sections 2.2.1 and 2.2.2).

2. Setup BACnet configuration (see Section 2.2.3).

3. Setup gateway configuration (see Section 2.3).

Note: This setup procedure assumes the use of the IP interface.

2.2.1 IP Configuration on the Console

Use a PC terminal program with the communication settings set to 38,400 bps / 8 data bits /
no parity / 1 stop bit / no handshake. To connect COM1 of the PC to the Console on the
device, use a standard null-modem cable with full handshaking. Power up the device or
press Return if the device is already running. The following menu should appear on the
terminal:
Device Main Menu
================

[1] Show device information

[2] Serial firmware upgrade
[3] System configuration
[4] CEA-709 configuration
[5] IP configuration
[6] CEA-852 device configuration
[7] BACnet configuration
[8] Reset configuration (factory defaults)
[9] Device statistics

[a] Data Points

[0] Reset device

Please choose:
Figure 2: Device Main Menu

Select ‘5’ from the device main menu and enter the IP address, netmask, and gateway
address. Note that you must use different IP addresses if you are using multiple IP devices
in your setup.
IP Configuration Menu
=====================

[1] DHCP : disabled

[2] IP Address : 192.168.1.254
[3] IP Netmask : 255.255.255.0
[4] IP Gateway : 192.168.1.1
[5] Hostname : new
[6] Domainname : <unset>
[7] DNS Servers : <unset>
[9] MAC Address : 00:0A:B0:01:0C:9F (factory default)
[0] NTP Servers : <unset> (out-of-sync)
[b] Link Speed & Duplex : Auto Detect

[q] Quit without saving

[x] Exit and save

Please choose:
Figure 3: Enter basic IP settings.

Press ‘x’ to save the IP settings and reset the device with the main menu item ‘0’ in order to
let the new IP settings take effect.

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Important! The default IP address 192.168.1.254 is only set for configuration access. It must be
changed in order to make the device functional.

2.2.2 IP Configuration via the Web Interface

Optionally to using the console interface one can also use the Web interface to configure
the client device. In a Web browser enter the default IP address 192.168.1.254 of the
L-Gate. Note that if your PC has an IP address in a subnet other than 192.168.1.xxx please
open a command tool and enter the following route command to add a route to the L-Gate.

To Add a Route to the Device

1. Windows START Æ Run

2. Enter ‘cmd’ an click OK.

3. In the command window enter the command line

route add 192.168.1.254 %COMPUTERNAME%

4. Then open your Web browser and type in the default IP address 192.168.1.254.

Figure 4: Example Start Screen

5. Click on Config in the left menu. You will be asked to enter the administrator
password in order to change the IP settings. Enter ‘admin’ and select Login.

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Figure 5: Enter admin as the default administrator password.

6. The Config menu opens. Click on Port Config and change to the tab Ethernet. The
TCP/IP settings are selected as shown in Figure 6. Enter the IP address, the IP
netmask, and IP gateway for this device.

Figure 6: Enter IP address and gateway.

7. Press Save Settings and then reset the device by selecting Reset in the highlighted
text. This changes the IP settings of the device.

2.2.3 BACnet Configuration

To configure the BACnet interface, at least the Device ID and the Device Name must be
configured (see Figure 7).

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Figure 7: BACnet Device Configuration

The device ID corresponds to the instance number of the BACnet device object. It must be
a unique ID on the BACnet internetwork. Also the Device Name must be a unique name on
the BACnet internetwork.

By default the BACnet/IP data link layer is used. If the L-Gate shall be used with the
BACnet MS/TP data link layer, please refer to Section 4.2.7 for further information.

2.3 Gateway Configuration with LNS-based Tools

Install the L-Gate Configurator software from the setup.exe. This file can be downloaded
from www.loytec.com. In your LNS-based tool register the L-Gate Configurator as an LNS
plug-in.

The detailed guide to configuring the L-Gate and downloading the configuration can be
found in section 6.4.2 (Configure with LNS).

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3 Hardware Installation

3.1 Enclosure
3.1.1 LGATE-900
The L-Gate enclosure is 6 TE (1 TE = 17.5 mm) wide for DIN rail mounting, following
DIN 43 880 (see Figure 8).

105
60

Ethernet DIP Switch

off

on

123 456 7
Serial Number
Unique Node IDs
Ethernet/EIA709
BACnet Status Console Status Button MAC Address Order Number
LEDs Connector Power LED and LED
85

Ethernet
11

100Base-T
1 2 3 4 5 6 15 16 17

55

Figure 8: L-Gate Enclosure (dimensions in mm)

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3.2 Product Label

The product label on the side of the L-Gate contains the following information (see Figure
8):
• L-Gate order number with bar-code (e.g., LGATE-900),
• serial number with bar-code (Ser#),
• unique node ID and virtual ID of each port (NID1, VID1) with bar-code,
• Ethernet MAC ID with bar-code (MAC1).

Unless stated otherwise, all bar codes are encoded using “Code 128”. An additional label is
also supplied with the L-Gate for documentation purposes. A virtual ID (VID) is a Node ID
on the IP channel.

3.3 Mounting
The device comes prepared for mounting on DIN rails following DIN EN 50 022. The
device can be mounted in any position. However, an installation place with proper airflow
must be selected to ensure that the L-Gate’s temperature does not exceed the specified
range (see Chapter 13).

3.4 LED signals

3.4.1 Power LED
The L-Gate power LED lights up green when power is supplied to terminals 15, 16, and 17.

3.4.2 Status LED

The L-Gate is equipped with a red status LED (see Figure 8). This LED is normally off.
During boot-up the status LED is used to signal error conditions (red). If the fall-back
image is executed the status LED flashes red once every second.

3.4.3 MSTP Activity LED

The MS/TP port has a three-color MSTP Activity LED (see Figure 8). Table 2 shows the
different LED patterns of the port and their meaning. A permanent color reflects a state.
Flicker is for 25 ms when there is activity on the MS/TP data link layer.

Behavior Description Comment

GREEN permanently, Multi-Master, token ok, flicker when traffic Normal condition on a multi-master
flicker off MS/TP network
ORANGE flicker Sole master, flicker when traffic Normal condition on a single-master
MS/TP network
RED permanent, flicker Token lost state, flicker when transmit attempt Cable might be broken.
GREEN
RED flash fast Transmission or receive errors. This hints at bad cabling.
Table 1: MS/TP Activity LED Patterns

3.4.4 FT Activity LED

The FT port on the L-Gate has a three-color LED (green, red, and orange, see Figure 8).
Table 2 shows different LED patterns of the port and their meaning.

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Behavior Description Comment

GREEN flashing fast Traffic

GREEN flashing at 1Hz L-Gate is unconfigured
RED permanent Port damaged
RED flashing fast Traffic with high amount of errors
RED flashing at 1 Hz Firmware image corrupt Please upload new firmware.
(all ports)
ORANGE permanent Port disabled e.g. using LSD Tool
ORANGE flashing fast Traffic on port configured as management port e.g. using LSD Tool
Table 2: CEA-709 Activity LED Patterns

3.4.5 Ethernet Link LED

The Ethernet Link LED lights up green whenever an Ethernet cable is plugged-in and a
physical connection with a switch, hub, or PC can be established.

3.4.6 Ethernet Activity LED

The Ethernet Activity LED lights up green for 6 ms whenever a packet is transmitted or
received or when a collision is detected on the network cable.

3.4.7 CN/IP LED

The CNIP LED is a three color LED that indicates different operating states of the L-
Gate’s CEA-852 device.

Green: The CEA-852 device is fully functional and all CEA-852 configuration data
(channel routing info, channel membership list, send list) are up-to-date.

Green flicker: If a valid CEA-709 packet is received or transmitted over the IP channel, the
CNIP LED turns off for 50 ms. Only valid CEA-709 IP packets sent to the IP address of
the L-Gate can be seen. Stale packets or packets not addressed to the L-Gate are not seen.

Yellow: The CEA-852 device is functional but some configuration data is not up-to-date
(device cannot contact configuration server but has configuration data saved in Flash
memory)

Red: The CEA-852 device is non-functional because it was rejected from the CEA-852 IP
channel or shut-down itself due to an internal error condition.

Off: The CEA-852 device is non-functional because it has not been started. This can be the
case if the L-Gate uses DHCP and it has not received a valid IP configuration (address)
from the DHCP server.

Flashing Red at 1 Hz: The CEA-852 device is non-functional because it is started but has
not been configured. Please add the device to a CEA-852 IP channel (register in
configuration server).

Flashing green or orange at 1 Hz: The L-Gate’s CEA-709 side of the gateway has not been
commissioned yet. The color indicates the CEA-852 IP channel status as described above.

3.4.8 BACnet/IP LED

The BACnet/IP LED flashes green for 25 ms when BACnet packets are transmitted or
received over the BACnet/IP interface.

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3.4.9 Wink Action

If the L-Gate receives a wink command on any of its network ports, it shows a blink pattern
on the CNIP and the CEA-709 activity LEDs. The CEA-709 activity and the CNIP LED
turn green/orange/red (each 0.15 s). This pattern is repeated six times. After that, the
CNIP LED flashes orange six times if the wink command was received on the IP channel
or the CEA-709 activity LED flashes orange six times if the wink command was received
on the CEA-709 channel. After that the L-Gate LEDs resume their normal behavior.

3.4.10 Network Diagnostics

The L-Gate provides simple network diagnostics via its CEA-709 activity LED:

If the LED does not light up at all, this port is not connected to any network segment or the
connected network segment currently shows no traffic.

If the LED is flashing green, the network segment connected to this port is ok.

If the LED is flashing red, a potential problem exists on the network segment connected to
this port. This state is referred to as overload condition.

A port overload condition occurs if

• the average bandwidth utilization of this port was higher than 70% or
• the collision rate was higher than 5% or
• more than 15% CRC errors have occurred on a port with a power-line transceiver or
more than 5% on a port with a transceiver other than power-line or
• the L-Gate was not able to process all available messages.

For a deeper analysis of the reason for the overload condition, it is recommended to use a
protocol analyzer (e.g. LOYTEC’s LPA) or a similar tool. The exact reason of the
overload condition can also be determined with the LSD Tool.

3.5 Status Button

The L-Gate is equipped with a status button (see Figure 8). When pressing the status button
shortly during normal operation of the L-Gate, it sends a “Service Pin Message” on the
active CEA-709 network port (FT-10 or CEA-852). It also sends a BACnet “I-Am”
message on all active BACnet data link layers. As an alternative to pressing the status
button, a service pin message can be sent via the Web interface (see Section 4.1).

The status button can also be used to switch the device back to factory default state. Press
the service button and power-cycle the device. Keep the button pressed until the port LEDs
illuminate orange permanently. Release the button within five seconds from that time on to
reset the device to factory defaults. Alternatively, the device can be switched back to
factory defaults over the console UI (see Section 10.2.2).

3.6 DIP Switch Settings

The DIP switch assignment for the L-Gate is shown in Table 3. Please leave all switches at
default state.

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DIP Switch # Function Factory Default

1 Must be OFF OFF

2 Must be OFF OFF
3 Must be ON ON
4 Must be OFF OFF
5 Must be OFF OFF
6 Must be OFF OFF
7 Must be OFF OFF
Table 3: DIP Switch Settings for L-Gate

3.7 Terminal Layout and Power Supply

The L-Gate provides screw terminals to connect to the network as well as to the power
supply. The screw terminals can be used for wires of a maximum thickness of 1.5
mm2/AWG12. The device can either be DC or AC powered.

Terminal Function

1 BACnet MS/TP Ground

2 BACnet MS/TP Non-Inverting Input
3 BACnet MS/TP Inverting Input
4 Earth Ground
5, 6 CEA-709 A, B of FT-10 Channel Port
8 Ethernet 100BaseT
15 Earth Ground
16, 17 Power Supply 12-35 VDC or 12-24 VAC ± 10%
Do not connect terminal 17 to earth ground!
Table 4: L-Gate Terminals LGATE-900.

3.8 Wiring
The CEA-709 network segment connected to the L-Gate needs to be terminated according
to the rules found in the specification of the transceiver (see Section 8.1). If BACnet is
configured to run over MS/TP, the MS/TP network segment must be properly terminated
with an LT-04 network terminator connected at each of the two ends of the segment media.

Important: When using shielded network cables, only one side of the cable should be connected to
earth ground. Thus, the shield must be connected to earth ground either at the L-Gate
terminals or somewhere else in the network.

Important: When using 2-wire MS/TP, earth ground must be connected to both terminal 15 and 16
(see Figure 9a). Never connect terminal 17 to earth ground!

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2-wire Power Supply 3-wire Power Supply

MS/TP MS/TP
Ethernet Ethernet

(a) (b)
Figure 9: Connecting the L-Gate: (a) 2-wire MS/TP, (b) 3-wire MS/TP

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4 Web Interface

The L-Gate comes with a built-in Web server and a Web interface to configure the L-Gate
and extract statistics information. The Web interface allows configuring the IP settings,
CEA-852 and CEA-709 settings, and the BACnet settings. This interface is very simple to
use and has an intuitive, self-explanatory user interface.

4.1 Device Information and Account Management

In a Web browser enter the default IP address 192.168.1.254 of the device. Note that if
your PC has an IP address in a subnet other than 192.168.1.xxx you must open a command
tool and enter the following route command to add a route to the device:

To Add a Route to the Device

1. Windows START Æ Run

2. Enter ‘cmd’ an click Ok.

3. In the command window enter the command line

route add 192.168.1.254 %COMPUTERNAME%

4. Then open your Web browser and type in the default IP address 192.168.1.254.

5. The device information page should appear as shown in Figure 10.

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Figure 10: Device Information Page

The device information page shows information about the L-Gate and the current firmware
version. It includes the unique node IDs (“Neuron IDs”) of the CEA-709 network
interfaces. This page can also be used to send the CEA-709 service pin messages. This is a
useful feature when commissioning the L-Gate, since it is not necessary to be on-site to
press the device’s status button.

Click through the menus on the left hand side to become familiar with the different screens.
If you click on Config in the left menu you will be asked to enter the administrator
password in order to make changes to the settings as shown in Figure 11. Enter the default
administrator password ‘admin’ and select Login.

Figure 11: Enter admin as the default administrator password.

The Config menu opens. Click on Passwords in the Config menu, which opens the
password configuration page as shown in Figure 12. The L-Gate has three user accounts:
(1) guest allows the user to view certain information only, e.g., the device info page. By
default the guest user has no password. (2) operator is able to read more sensible
information such as calendar data. (3) admin has full access to the L-Gate and can make
changes to its configuration. Note that the user accounts are also used to log on to the FTP
and Telnet server.

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Figure 12: Password Configuration Screen

Please change the administrator password in order to protect yourself from unwanted
configuration changes by anyone else. To do so, select the admin account in the drop-
down box and enter the new password. If the administrator password is left empty,
password protection is turned off and everyone can access the L-Gate without entering a
password. Click on Change password to activate the change.

4.2 Device Configuration

The device configuration pages allow viewing and changing the device settings of the
L-Gate. Here are some general rules for setting IP addresses, port numbers, and time
values:
• An empty IP address field disables the entry.
• An empty port number field sets the default port number.
• An empty time value field disables the time setting.

4.2.1 System Configuration

The system configuration page is shown in Figure 13. This page allows configuring the
device’s system time and other system settings. The TCP/IP Configuration link is a
shortcut to the Ethernet port configuration. Follow that link to change the IP settings of the
device

The time sync source can be set to auto, manual, NTP, BACnet, or LonMark. In the
auto mode, the device switches to the first external time source that is discovered. Possible
external time sources are NTP, BACnet. The option manual allows setting the time
manually in the fields Local Time and Local Date. In manual mode, the device does not
switch to an external time source. Note, that if NTP is selected, the NTP servers have to be
configured on the IP Configuration page (see Section 4.2.4).

The time zone offset must be defined independently of the time source. It is specified as the
offset to GMT in hours and minutes (e.g., Vienna/Austria is +01:00, New York/U.S.A. is
-06:00). For setting the daylight saving time (DST) pre-defined choices are offered for
Europe and U.S.A./Canada. DST can be switched off completely by choosing none or set
manually for other regions. In that case, start and end date of DST must be entered in the
fields below.

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Figure 13: System Configuration Page

The next section on the page allows configuring the L-Gate’s earth position. This setting
defines the longitude, latitude and elevation of the device. The latitude and longitude are
entered as degrees, minutes, and seconds. The altitude (or elevation) is entered in meters
from sea level. This setting is used for an astronomical clock. For fixed locations such as a
building, the position can be entered on this page. For moving locations, this setting can be
updated over the network using the network variable nciEarthPos (see Section 7.2.3).

For generating CSV files for trend logs, alarm logs, etc. the delimiter for those CSV files
can be configured. This setting can be changes between a comma ‘,’ and a semi-colon ‘;’.
The change takes effect immediately for all files generated by the device.

4.2.2 Backup and Restore

A configuration backup of the L-Gate device can be downloaded via the Web interface.
Press the Backup/Restore link as shown in Figure 14 to start the download. The L-Gate
device assembles a single file including all required files. A file requestor dialog allows
specifying the location where the backup file shall be stored.

To restore the device settings, simply select a previously generated backup file in the
Restore Configuration section of the page by clicking the button next to the Filename
field. Then press the Restore button.

The backed up configuration data consists of:

• Device settings (Passwords, IP settings, e-mail config, etc.),
• Data point configuration,
• CEA-709 binding information,
• BACnet server objects and client mappings,
• AST settings.

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Figure 14: Backup/Restore page.

4.2.3 Port Configuration

This menu allows configuring the device’s communications ports. For each communication
port, which is available on the device and shown on the label (e.g., Port 1, Port 2,
Ethernet), a corresponding configuration tab is provided by the Web UI. An example is
shown in Figure 15. Each port tab contains a selection of available communication
protocols. By selecting a checkbox or radio button the various protocols can be enabled or
disabled on the communication port. Some ports allow exclusive protocol activation only,
other ports (e.g., the Ethernet port) allow multiple protocols bound to that port.

Figure 15: Port Configuration Page.

When selecting a protocol on a communication port, the protocol’s communication

parameters are displayed in a box on the right-hand side. To save the settings of the
currently opened protocol, click the Save Settings button. Pressing Get Settings retrieves
the current settings from the device.

4.2.4 IP Configuration
The TCP/IP configuration is done under the Ethernet port tab as shown in Figure 16. The
mandatory IP settings, which are needed to operate the device, are marked with a red
asterisk (IP address, netmask, gateway). The Enable DHCP checkbox switches between
manual entry of the IP address, netmask, and gateway address, and automatic configuration
from a DHCP server.

Important! The default IP address 192.168.1.254 is only set for configuration access. It must be
changed in order to make the device functional.

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Hostname and Domainname are optional entries and can be left empty. For some DHCP
configurations it may be necessary to enter a hostname. Please contact your system
administrator on how to configure DHCP to acquire an IP address. Further, you can
configure up to 3 Domain Name Servers.

Figure 16: IP Configuration Page with DHCP disabled

The device comes configured with a unique MAC address. This address can be changed in
order to clone the MAC address of another device. Please contact your system
administrator to avoid MAC address conflicts.

The device can be configured to synchronize its clock with NTP time. Enter the IP address
of a primary and, optionally, a secondary NTP server. The L-Gate will use NTP as a time
source if the time sync source in the system configuration page is set to NTP (see Section
4.2.1). The field NTP status below the NTP server settings displays the current NTP
synchronization status (out-of-sync, or in-sync).

If the L-Gate is operated with a 10Mbit/s-only hub, the link speed should be switched from
Auto Detect to 10Mbps/Half-Duplex. With modern 100/10Mbit/s switches this setting
can be left at its default.

Other standard protocols that are bound to the Ethernet interface are FTP, Telnet, and
HTTP (Web server). By deselecting the checkbox, those protocols can be individually
disabled. The standard UDP/TCP ports can be changed in the respective protocol settings.
An example for the FTP server is shown for FTP in Figure 17. The FTP server is used for
instance to update the firmware (see Section 9.1) or to upload a new data point
configuration. Note that HTTP for the Web server can only be disabled on the console
interface or by using the device configuration of the Configurator.

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Figure 17: FTP server configuration on the Ethernet port.

4.2.5 CEA-709 Configuration

The CEA-709 protocol can be enabled on the device’s ports Port1, Port2, etc. if available.
To enable it, click the CEA-709 radio button as shown in Figure 18. Note, that depending
on the device model, other protocols on the same port will be disabled in this case. The
protocol settings box on the right-hand side displays the current transceiver settings.

Figure 18: CEA-709 Configuration Page.

4.2.6 CEA-852 Device Configuration

The CEA-852 protocol is only available on the Ethernet port. To enable CEA-852 on the
device, select the CEA-852 (CEA-709 over IP) checkbox on the Ethernet tab of the port
configuration page. Please note that on device models without a router or a proxy, the
CEA-709 protocol on other ports will be disabled (e.g., LINX-100, L-Gate).

The CEA-852 protocol settings are displayed in the settings box on the right-hand side as
shown in Figure 19. Typically, the device is added to an IP channel by entering the relevant
information on a configuration server. The configuration server then contacts the CEA-852
device of the L-Gate and sends its configuration.

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Figure 19: CEA-852 Device Configuration Page

The field Config server address and Config server port display the IP address and port of
the configuration server, which manages the L-Gate and the IP channel. The field Config
client port represents the IP port of the L-Gate’s CEA-852 device. This setting should be
left at its default (1628) unless there are more than one CEA-852 devices operating behind
a single NAT router. Please refer to the L-IP User Manual [1] to learn more about NAT
configuration.

In the field Device name the user can enter a descriptive name for the L-Gate, which will
appear in the IP channel to identify this device. You can enter a device name with up to 15
characters. It is recommended to use unique device names throughout the IP channel.

The Channel mode field reflects the current channel mode of the CEA-852 device. It is
configured by the configuration server. If there are any two devices in the channel which
use the same IP address but different ports (e.g., multiple L-Gate behind one NAT router)
the channel switches to Extended NAT mode. Please refer to the L-IP User Manual [1] to
learn more about configuring the Extended NAT mode in the configuration server.

The configuration server sets the SNTP server addresses and the Channel timeout.

The filed Escrow timeout defines how long the CEA-852 device on the L-Gate waits for
out-of-sequence CEA-852 data packets before they are discarded. Please enter the time in
ms or ‘0’ to disable escrowing. The maximum time is 255 ms.

The field Aggregation timeout defines the time interval in which multiple CEA-709
packets are combined into a single CEA-852 data packet. Please enter the time in ms or ‘0’
to disable aggregation. The maximum time is 255 ms. Note that disabling aggregation will
negatively affect the performance of the CEA-852 device of the L-Gate.

The field MD5 authentication enables or disables MD5 authentication. Note that MD5
authentication cannot be used together with the Echelon’s i.LON 1000 since the
i.LON 1000 is not fully compliant with the CEA-852 authentication method. MD5 can be
used with the i.LON 600. In the following field MD5 secret enter the 16-byte MD5 secret.
Note that for security purposes the active MD5 secret is not displayed. You may enter the
16 bytes as one string or with spaces between each byte, e.g., 00 11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88
99 AA BB CC DD EE FF.

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Also note that entering the MD5 secret on the Web interface may pose a security risk.
Since the information is transmitted over the network it can be subject for eavesdroppers on
the line. It is recommended to either use a cross-over cable.

In the field Location string the user can enter a descriptive test which identifies the
physical location of the L-Gate. A location string can have a maximum length of 255
characters. This is optional and for informational purposes only.

If the CEA-852 device on the L-Gate is used behind a NAT router, the public IP address of
the NAT router or firewall must be known. To automatically detect the NAT address leave
the Auto-NAT checkmark enabled.

The Multicast Address field allows the user to add the CEA-852 device of the L-Gate into
a multi-cast group for the CEA-852 IP channel. Enter the channel’s IP multi-cast address
here. Please contact your system administrator on how to obtain a valid multi-cast address.
To learn when it is beneficial to use multi-cast addresses in your channel please refer to the
L-IP User Manual [1].

4.2.7 BACnet Configuration

Figure 20 shows the BACnet device configuration page. This configuration page allows
setting the Device ID, which is the instance part of the Object_Identifier property of the
BACnet Device object. The field Device name holds the name of the BACnet device
object (property Object_Name).

Important: The device ID and device name must be unique within the BACnet internetwork.

Figure 20: BACnet Device Configuration.

Further, the description and location can be configured. These configuration items
correspond to the properties Description, and Location respectively of the BACnet Device
object.

On the settings for BACnet/IP refer to Section 4.2.8. For configuring the MS/TP data link
refer to Section 4.2.9.

4.2.8 BACnet/IP Configuration

The BACnet/IP protocol is available on the Ethernet port. To enable BACnet/IP on the
device, select the BACnet/IP checkbox on the Ethernet tab of the port configuration page.
Please note that on device models without a router, the BACnet MS/TP protocol on other
ports will be disabled (e.g., LINX-200, L-Gate).

The BACnet/IP protocol settings are displayed in the settings box on the right-hand side as
shown in Figure 21. If the BACnet/IP network uses a non-default UDP port number other
than 47808/0xBAC0, enter this port in the BACnet/IP port field. Enter ‘0’ in this field for
switching back to the default setting.

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Figure 21: BACnet/IP Configuration.

In the field BACnet/IP mode the operation mode of the device is selected:

• Device (Default): In this mode the device operates as a regular BACnet/IP device on
the local network without other advanced features.

• Foreign Device (FD): In this mode, the device registers at an existing BBMD in the
BACnet/IP network as a foreign device. It is used, if the device is located as a single
BACnet/IP device on a remote IP subnet or behind a NAT router. If operated as a
foreign device behind a NAT router, port forwarding to the BACnet/IP port (UDP,
default port 0xBAC0) and optionally to the Web server and FTP server port (TCP,
default port 80 and 21) must be setup in the NAT router. If foreign device is selected,
the following, additional settings must be made:

o FD BBMD IP address and FD BBMD port: IP address and port of the

remote BBMD the device registers at as a foreign device.

o FD re-registration: A foreign device must periodically re-register at a

BBMD. Here you can setup the corresponding interval. The default is 1800
seconds.

o FD retry timeout and FD retries: Here you can specify the behavior, if
registration does not work instantly. These values should be left at default:
30000ms / 3 retries.

• Broadcast Management Device (BBMD): This option is available on the L-Gate. It is

the same as Device but the BBMD function is enabled (see Section 4.2.10).

4.2.9 MS/TP Configuration

The BACnet MS/TP protocol can be enabled on the device’s port Port2 if available. To
enable it, click the BACnet MS/TP radio button as shown in Figure 22. Note, that
depending on the device model, other protocols on the same port will be disabled in this
case. On the L-Gate the MS/TP port is not enabled by default.

Figure 22: MS/TP Configuration.

The MS/TP protocol settings are displayed in the settings box on the right-hand side as
shown in Figure 22. Mandatory settings that have to be made are the MS/TP node number
and the MS/TP baud rate. The MS/TP node number determines the physical address of
the device on the MS/TP channel and must be in the range from ‘0’ to the number

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configured with the MS/TP max master configuration option. It must be unique within the
MS/TP channel. The baud rate on the MS/TP channel can be set to 9600, 19200, 38400,
and 76800 baud. It is strongly recommended to leave the MS/TP max info frames and the
MS/TP max master configuration options at their default settings.

4.2.10 BACnet BDT (Broadcast Distribution Table)

The BBMD function is only available on the L-Gate. The BBMD function is needed when
a BACnet/IP network spans over several IP subnets separated by IP routers. If the device is
configured as a BBMD (see Section 4.2.7), the BDT (Broadcast Distribution Table)
specifies all other BBMDs of the BACnet/IP network. The BDT is shown in Figure 23.

Figure 23: BACnet Broadcast Distribution Table.

By clicking Add Device new BBMDs (IP address and port) can be added. With Action on
Selected and selecting existing entries, certain BBMDs can be deleted again from the table.
To commit the finished table, device must be rebooted (see Section 4.4).

4.2.11 E-Mail Configuration

The Web interface provides the e-mail configuration page to set up an e-mail account,
which is used to send e-mails. The content and time when E-mails are sent is configured
through the Configurator software (see Section 6.11). The E-Mail configuration page is
shown in Figure 24.

In the field for the outgoing e-mail server, enter the SMTP server of your Internet provider.
Typically, the SMTP server port can be left at 25. In the field Source E-mail Address,
enter the e-mail address of the device’s e-mail account. In the field Source E-mail Sender
Name enter a name that the e-mail will display as the source name. Note, that only ASCII
characters are allowed in the name. If replies shall be sent to another e-mail address,
specify this in the Reply E-mail Address.

If the provider’s SMTP server requires authentication, enter the required user name and
password. Note, that only username/password is supported. SSL/TLS authentication is not
supported by the L-Gate (e.g., Hotmail, gmail cannot be used).

To verify the E-Mail configuration, reboot the device to let the changes take effect and
return to the E-Mail configuration page. Then press one of the Send Test E-Mail buttons.
Note, that a DNS server must be configured in the IP settings (see Section 4.2.4) to resolve
the E-Mail server host name. The Web UI displays a warning message at the top of the
page, if the DNS configuration is missing. Results of sending the test E-Mail are logged in
the system log for further analysis of an existing problem (see Section 4.3.1).

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Figure 24: E-Mail Configuration Page

4.2.12 Data Points

The device’s Web interface provides a data point page, which lists all configured data
points on the L-Gate. An example is shown in Figure 25. The data point page contains a
tree view. Clicking on a particular tree item fills the right part of the page with a data point
list of that tree level and all levels below. Thus, one can get an easy overview of all data
points.

The data point list displays the data point name, direction, type, current value, and data
point state. Inactive points are displayed in gray. If the data point list does not fit on one
page, there are page enumerator links at the bottom. Important data point states and their
implications are listed in Table 5.

Figure 25: Data point page

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Data Point Status Description

normal The data point is in normal operation state and possesses a value.
invalid value The data point has no valid value.
offline (config) The data point has a value but it is not reflected on the network
due to a configuration error (not commissioned, no binding, no
client mapping, etc.)
offline The data point has a value but it is not reflected on the network
due to a communication error (e.g., the peer node is not online).
unreliable The data point has a value but it is considered unreliable because
(offline) it was derived from a source, which was offline (e.g., the value
was fed from a connection, where the source is offline).
unreliable (range) The data point has a value but it is considered unreliable because
the value source specified an out-of-range value. The value is
limited to the supported range.
unreliable The data point has a value but it is considered unreliable for an
unspecified reason.
not configured The data point is mapped to a port, which is not configured (e.g.,
the port is disabled).
Line grayed-out The data point is inactive. Values can be written but no network
communication is triggered. This can be the case, if a data point
is not used in the configuration or it is connected to a BACnet
server object, which is not present on the device.
Table 5: Data Point States.

The data point names are links. Clicking on such a link opens a detailed page on that data
point. If the data point supports it, the user can also enter a new data point value as
depicted in Figure 26. The Status field is discussed in Table 5. The Flags, Poll cycle,
Min/Max send time and Max age fields are the common timing parameters for the data
point. See Section 5.2.2 for a closer discussion on timing parameters.

Figure 26: Data point details page

Clicking on the Set button writes the new value to the device’s data server. When setting a
value, the Web page displays the status of the action:
• Successfully set value: The new value has been successfully set in the data point and
the update has been sent on the network, if it is a network data point.

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• Could not send value update: The new value has been set but it has not been sent out
on the network. The reason can be that the peer node is currently offline or there is a
configuration error. The data point status reflects this error.
• Could not set value (error code): The new value has not been set because of an
internal error. Please contact LOYTEC with the error code.

4.2.13 Trend
The Web interface provides a configuration page to re-configure trend logs at run-time.
The changes made to the trend logs take effect immediately without the needs for a reboot
of the device. Allocating new trend logs can only be done in the configuration software
(see Section 6.14.1). The trend log main page displays all available trend logs. Click on the
trend log to be edited. This opens the trend log configuration page. An example is shown in
Figure 27.

Figure 27: Trend log configuration page.

The user can change the Trend Mode, the Fill Mode, the Log Interval and the Fill Level
Notification. Furthermore, data points can be added to the trend log by clicking the Add…
button. A data point selector dialog opens. Click on a data point for adding it. For removing
a data point from the trend log, click on it in the Logged Data Points list and hit the
Remove button. Save the changes made by clicking the Save button. For more information
on how a trend log can be configured please refer to the Configurator Section 6.14.

Note: This firmware version does not allow configuring trended data points on local BACnet
trend logs. The feature is currently limited to CEA-709 trend logs.

4.2.14 Scheduler
The Web interface provides the scheduler page to edit its schedules at run-time, i.e., change
the times and values that shall be scheduled. Allocating new schedules can only be done in
the configuration software (see Section 6.12). The scheduler main page displays all
available schedules. Click on the schedule to be edited. This opens the scheduler page. An
example is shown in Figure 28.

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The effective period defines when this schedule shall be in effect. Leave From and To at
‘*.*.*’ to make this schedule always in-effect. Otherwise enter dates, such as ’30.1.2000’.
To entirely disable a scheduler de-select the Enable Schedule check box.

Schedules are defined per day. On the left-hand side, the weekdays Monday through
Sunday can be selected, or exception days from the calendar, e.g. Holidays. Once a day is
selected, the times and values can be defined in the daily planner on the right-hand side. In
the example shown in Figure 28, on Monday the value day is scheduled at 8:00am. The
same principle applies to exception days. Exception days override the settings of the
normal weekday. Put a check mark on those exception days from the calendar, which shall
be used in the schedule. To edit the date ranges of exception days click on the links to the
used calendars, e.g., ‘calendar’ or ‘Scheduler_1’. The ‘Scheduler_1’ is a calendar, which is
embedded into the schedule and not accessible by other schedulers. For more information
on how to set up schedules and calendars refer to Section 6.12.

To define actual values for the names such as day click on the tab Presets as shown in
Figure 29. To define a new value, click on the button Add Preset. This adds a new column.
Enter a new preset name (e.g., ‘day’). Then enter values for the data points in the preset
column. The data point description column displays the short-hand name defined in the
configuration software. This description can also be changed on the Web UI.

Figure 28: Schedule Configuration Page

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Figure 29: Scheduled Data Point Value Configuration Page

You can switch back and forth between the two tabs. Once the configuration is complete,
click on the Save button. This updates the schedule in the device. Any changes made
become effective immediately.

On local schedulers the Web UI also allows to reconfigure the scheduled data points. This
change takes effect immediately without a reboot of the device. To add and remove data
points to the scheduler, go to the Data Points tab. The configuration page is depicted in
Figure 30. To add a new data point, click the Add… button. To remove a data point, select
the data point in the list Scheduled Data Points by clicking on it and then press the
Remove button. Finally, store the changes by clicking the Save button. After modifying the
scheduled data points, go back to the Presets tab and enter descriptive value label names.
For more information on how to configure a scheduler please refer to the Configurator
Section 6.12.4.

Note: This firmware version does not allow configuring scheduled data points on local BACnet
schedulers. The feature is currently limited to CEA-709 schedulers.

Figure 30: Re-configure scheduled data points on the Web UI.

4.2.15 Calendar
The Web interface provides the calendar page to edit its calendars at run-time, i.e., change
the exception days. The calendar main page displays all available calendars. Click on the

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calendar to be edited. This opens the calendar configuration page. An example is shown in
Figure 31.

The effective period defines when this calendar shall be in effect. Leave From and To at
‘*.*.*’ to make this calendar always in-effect. Otherwise enter dates, such as ’30.1.2000’.

Figure 31: Calendar Configuration Page

On the remainder of this page work from left to right. Click on a calendar pattern or create
a new calendar pattern by clicking Add new entry. A calendar pattern defines a set of
pattern entries, which defines the actual dates or date ranges. In the example in Figure 31
the calendar pattern Holidays is selected.

In the Pattern Configuration box, the calendar pattern’s name can be edited. It also lists
the entries. New entries can be added by clicking Add new entry. Existing entries can be
selected and edited in the box on the right-hand side. In the example in Figure 31 the date
14.7.* is selected, which means “The 14.7. of every year”. Other entry types such as Date
Range and Week-and-Day can be selected. See Section 5.4.3 for more information about
defining exception dates.

4.2.16 Alarm
The Web interface provides the alarm page to view the currently pending alarms of its
alarm data points. The alarm main page displays all available alarm data points. Alarm
objects which have active alarms are displayed in red. Click on the alarm object to be
viewed. This opens the alarm summary page. An example is shown in Figure 31.

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Figure 32: Alarm Summary Page

Active alarms are highlighted red. Inactive alarms which have not been acknowledged are
rendered in green. Alarms that can be acknowledged have an Ack button. Press on the Ack
button to acknowledge the alarm. Depending on the technology, this and older alarm
records will be acknowledged. Acknowledged, active alarms are rendered in red. Click on
Reload to refresh your alarm list.

Inactive alarms that have been acknowledged disappear from the list. To record historical
information about those alarms, the alarm log must be used. See Section 4.3.8 for the alarm
log Web interface.

4.3 Device Statistics

The device statistics pages provide advanced statistics information about the CEA-852
device, BACnet device, and the Ethernet interface.

4.3.1 System Log

The System Log page prints all messages stored in the system log of the device. An
example is shown in Figure 38. This log data is important for trouble-shooting. It contains
log entries for reboots and abnormal operating conditions. When contacting LOYTEC
support, have a copy of this log ready.

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Figure 33: System Log Page.

4.3.2 IP Statistics
Figure 34 shows the IP statistics page. It allows finding possible problems related to the IP
communication. Specifically any detected IP address conflicts are displayed (if the
L-Gate’s IP address conflicts with a different host on the network).

Figure 34: IP Statistics Page

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4.3.3 CEA-852 Statistics

The CEA-852 statistics page displays the statistics data of the CEA-852 device on the
device. The upper part of the CEA-852 statistics page is depicted in Figure 35. To update
the statistics data press the button Update all CEA-852 statistics. To reset all statistics
counters to zero, click on the button Clear all CEA-852 statistics. The field Date/Time of
clear will reflect the time of the last counter reset.

Figure 35: Part of the CEA-852 Statistics Page

4.3.4 Enhanced Communications Test

The Enhanced Communications Test allows testing the CEA-852 communication path
between the CEA-852 device on the L-Gate and other CEA-852 devices as well as the
configuration server. The test thoroughly diagnoses the paths between individual members
of the IP channel and the configuration server in each direction. Port-forwarding problems
are recognized. For older devices or devices by other manufacturers, which do not support
the enhanced test features, the test passes as soon as a device is reachable, but adds a
comment, that the return path could not be tested. A typical output is shown in Figure 36.

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Figure 36: Enhanced Communication Test Output

The Round Trip Time (RTT) is measured as the time a packet sent to the peer device needs
to be routed back to the device. It is a measure for general network delay. If the test to a
specific member fails, a text is displayed to describe the possible source of the problem.
The reasons for failure are summarized in Table 6.

Text displayed (Web icon) Meaning

OK, Return path not tested (green Displayed for a device which is reachable but which does not support the
checkmark) feature to test the return path (device sending to this CEA-852 device).
Therefore a potential NAT router configuration error cannot be detected. If
the tested device is an L-IP, it is recommended to upgrade this L-IP to 3.0 or
higher.
Not reachable/not supported This is displayed for the CS if it is not reachable or the CS does not support
(red exclamation) this test. To remove this uncertainty it is recommended to upgrade the L-IP to
3.0 or higher.
Local NAT config. Error This is displayed if the CEA-852 device of the LINX-10X is located behind a
(red exclamation) NAT router or firewall, and the port-forwarding in the NAT-Router (usually
1628) or the filter table of the firewall is incorrect.
Peer not reachable Displayed for a device, if it is not reachable. No RTT is displayed. The device
(red exclamation) is either not online, not connected to the network, has no IP address, or is not
reachable behind its NAT router. Execute this test on the suspicious device to
determine any NAT configuration problem.
Table 6: Possible Communication Problems.

4.3.5 CEA-709 Statistics

The CEA-709 statistics page displays statistics data of the CEA-709 port on the L-Gate as
shown in Figure 37. This data can be used to troubleshoot networking problems. To update
the data, click on the button Update CEA-709 statistics.

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Figure 37: CEA-709 Statistics Page

4.3.6 BACnet MS/TP Statistics

The BACnet MS/TP statistics page is only available, when the BACnet port is configured
for the MS/TP data link layer (see Section 4.2.7). An example is shown in Figure 38. The
separated part on the top of the table contains the most important statistics data.

Figure 38: BACnet MS/TP Statistics Page

The MS/TP token status reports the current token passing state. In state OK, the token is
circulating between the masters. This is the normal state, when multiple masters are on the
MS/TP network. The state SOLE MASTER is the normal state when the device is the only

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master on the network. If there are multiple masters on the network, this state is a hint to a
broken cable. In state TOKEN LOST, the token is currently not circulating.

The counter MS/TP lost tokens is an indicator for communication problems on the
MST/TP network. If it increases, there is a cabling, ground, or termination problem. The
counters Rcv OK and Send OK reflect the number of successfully received or transmitted
MS/TP frames. Check these counters to verify that communication is flowing on the
MS/TP segment.

4.3.7 Scheduler Statistics Page

The scheduler statistics page provides an overview of what is scheduled at which day and
which time. In the Display Schedules list select a single schedule to view its scheduled
values and times. Use the multi-select feature to get the overview of more schedules. An
example is shown in Figure 39.

Figure 39: Scheduler Statistics Page

4.3.8 Alarm Log Page

The alarm log page provides an overview of all alarm logs on the system. Click on one of
the links to view a specific alarm log. Each alarm log contains a historical log of alarm
transitions. When an inactive and acknowledged alarm disappears from the alarm summary
page (live list), the alarm log contains this last transition and maintains it over a reboot. An
example is shown in Figure 40.

To refresh the alarm log contents click on the Reload button. Currently active alarms
cannot be acknowledged in this historical view. Follow the link to the attached alarm
objects to get to the respective live lists, where alarms can be acknowledged on the Web
interface (see Section 4.2.16).

The alarm log contents can be uploaded from the device in a CSV formatted file. Click on
the button Upload Alarm Log to upload the current log. To clear the log, press the button
Clear Alarm Log. Please note, that this permanently purges all historical alarm log data of
this alarm log.

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Figure 40: Alarm Log Page.

4.4 Reset, Contact, Logout

The menu item Reset allows two essential operations:

• Rebooting the L-Gate from a remote location, or

• resetting the data point configuration from a remote location. This option clears all
data points and the entire port configuration. It leaves the IP settings intact.

The Contact item provides contact information and a link to the latest user manual and the
latest firmware version.

The Logout item closes the current session.

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5 Concepts

5.1 CEA-709/BACnet Gateway

The operating principle of the L-Gate is to connect data points of one network technology
to data points of another technology. Data points in the CEA-709 network are known as
network variables (NVs). For more information on this technology refer to Section 5.5.
Data points in the BACnet technology are known as BACnet server objects. They have a
specific type (e.g. analog input or binary output) and a set of properties, which describe the
data point more closely. The actual value is stored in the “Present_Value”. For more
information on this technology refer to Section 5.6.

The typical task in configuring the L-Gate consists of the following steps:

1. Selecting the data points of the network to be mapped (e.g., select the NVs in the
CEA-709 network nodes or create new NVs)

2. Select or create matching counterparts of the other technology (e.g., create matching
BACnet objects)

3. Create connections between the data points (e.g. connect NVs and BACnet objects).

The connection is the central part of the gateway functionality. It defines, which data points
are mapped to which data points. Refer to Section 5.3 about the nature of connections in
the device.

5.2 Data Points

5.2.1 Overview
Data points are part of the fundamental device concept to model process data. A data point
is the basic input/output element on the device. Each data point has a value, a data type, a
direction, and a set of meta-data describing the value in a semantic context. Each data point
also has a name and a description. The entire set of data points is organized in a hierarchy.

At the data point level, the specific technological restrictions are abstracted and hidden
from the user. Working with different technologies at this level involves common work-
flows for all supported technologies.

The direction of a data point is defined as the “network view” of the data flow. This means,
an input data point obtains data from the network. An output data point sends data to the
network. This is an important convention to remember as different technologies may define
other direction semantics.

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The basic classes of data points are:

• Analog: An analog data point typically represents a scalar value. The associated data
type is a double precision machine variable. Meta-data for analog data points include
information such as value range, engineering units, precision, and resolution.
• Binary: A binary data point contains a Boolean value. Meta-data for binary data
points includes human-readable labels for the Boolean states (i.e., active and inactive
texts).
• Multi-state: A multi-state data point represents a discrete set of states. The associated
data type is a signed integer machine variable. Each state is identified by an integer
value, the state ID. State IDs need not be consecutive. Meta-data of a multi-state data
point includes human-readable descriptions for the individual states (state texts) and
the number of available states.
• String: A string data point contains a variable-length string. The associated data type
is a character string. International character sets are encoded in UTF-8. A string data
point does not include any other meta-data.
• User: A user data points contains un-interpreted, user-defined data. The data is stored
as a byte array. A user data point does not include any other meta-data. This type of
data point also serves as a container for otherwise structured data points and represents
the entirety of the structure.

5.2.2 Timing Parameters

Apart from the meta-data, data points can be configured with a number of timing
parameters. The following properties are available to input or output data points,
respectively:
• Pollcycle (input): The value is given in seconds, which specifies that this data point
periodically polls data from the source.
• Receive Timeout (input): This is a variation on the poll cycle. When receive timeout
is enabled, the data point actively polls the source unless it receives an update. For
example, if poll cycle is set to 10 seconds and an update is received every 5 seconds,
no extra polls are sent.
• Poll-on-startup (input): If this flag is set, the data point polls the value from the
source when the system starts up. Once the value has been read, no further polls are
sent unless a poll cycle has been defined.
• Minimum Send Time (output): This is the minimum time that elapses between two
consecutive updates. If updates are requested more often, they are postponed and the
last value is eventually transmitted after the minimum send time. Use this setting to
limit the update rate.
• Maximum Send Time (output): This is the maximum time without sending an update.
If no updates are requested, the last value is transmitted again after the maximum send
time. Use this setting to enable a heart-beat feature.

5.2.3 Default Values

Default values can be defined for data points when needed. The value of a data point will
be set to the defined default value, if no other value source initializes the data point.
Default values are beneficial, if certain input data points are not used by the network and
need a pre-defined value, e.g., for calculations. Default values are overridden by persistent
values or values determined by poll-on-startup.

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5.2.4 Persistency
Data point values are by default not persistent. This means that their value is lost after a
power-on reset. There exist different strategies for initializing data points with an
appropriate value after the device has started.

For input data points, the value can be actively polled from the network when starting up.
Use the Poll-on-Startup feature for this behavior. Polling the network values has the
advantage that intermediate changes on the network are reflected. An input data point can
be made persistent, if the last received value shall be available after a power-on reset before
a poll-on-startup completes. This can be beneficial, if the remote device is temporarily
offline and the last value is considered usable.

For output data points, the value can be restored after starting up by the application. For
example, if the output data point’s value is determined by an input data point and a math
object, or the output data point is in a connection with an input, the input can poll its value
on startup. If the output data point has no specific other value source, e.g., it is a
configuration parameter set by the user, it can be made persistent.

To make a data point persistent, enable the Persistent property of the respective data point.
The persistency option is only available for the base data point classes analog, binary,
multi-state, string and user. More complex objects such as calendars, schedules, etc., have
their own data persistency rules.

For structured data points, only all or none of the structure members can be made
persistent. The configuration of the top-level data point, which represents the entire
structure, serves as a master switch. Setting the top-level data point to be persistent enables
persistency for all sub-data points. Clearing it disables persistency for all sub-data points.

5.2.5 Behavior on Value Changes

The value of a data point can change, if it is written by the application or over the network.
For all data points (input and output) the application (connection, user control, etc.) can be
notified, when the value is written to. The property Only notify on COV defines, whether
the notification is done with each write or only if the value changes (change-of-value,
COV). If only notify on COV is disabled, writing the same value multiple times will result
in multiple notifications.

When the value of an output data point is updated, an update is usually sent out onto the
network. The property Send-On-Delta decides how the update is reflected on the network.
If send-on-delta is inactive, each update of the value is sent. If send-on-delta is active,
value changes only are sent. The send-on-delta property is only valid for output data points.

For analog data points, the COV or send-on-delta takes an extra argument, which specifies
by what amount the value must change to regard it as a change for action. Both, COV and
send-on-delta for analog data points check the Analog Point COV Increment property. A
change is detected, if the value increment is bigger or equal to the specified increment. If
the property is zero, all updates are considered.

5.2.6 Custom Scaling

Custom scaling is applied to all analog data points when they communicate values to or
from the network. This feature can be used, if a network data point has engineering units
not suitable for the application (e.g., grams instead of kilograms). The scaling is linear and
applied in the direction from the network to the application as:

A = k N + d,

where N is the network value, k the custom scaling factor, d the custom scaling offset, and
A the application value. When sending a value to the network, the reverse scaling is

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applied. If this property is enabled, the analog values are pre-scaled from the technology to
the data point. The custom scaling is in addition to any technology-specific scaling factors
and can be applied regardless of the network technology.

5.2.7 System Registers

The L-Gate provides a number of built-in system registers. They are present without a data
point configuration. The system registers, such as the System time or the CPU load, can be
exposed to the OPC server. By default, all system registers are checked for being exposed
to OPC. To reduce the number of needed OPC tags, you may deselect certain system
registers, which are not useful in a specific project.

System register can also serve as a testing setup for the OPC XML-DA communication
without a network data point configuration. The System Time register is updated every
second and may serve for testing subscriptions. The Authentication Code register can be
used to verify writing to OPC tags.

5.2.8 User Registers

The L-Gate can be configured to contain user registers. In contrast to system registers,
these are only available as a part of the data point configuration. User registers are data
points on the device that do not have a specific technological representation on the control
network. Thus, they are not accessible over a specific control network technology.

A register merely serves as a container for intermediate data (e.g., results of math objects).
The register can have the following, basic data types:
• Double: A register of base type double is represented by an analog data point. It can
hold any scalar value. No specific scaling factors apply.
• Signed Integer: A register of base type signed integer is represented by a multi-state
data point. This register can hold a set of discrete states, each identified by a signed
stats ID.
• Boolean: A register of base type Boolean is represented by a binary data point. This
register can hold a Boolean value.

Since a register has no network direction, it can be written and read. Therefore, two data
points are generated for each register, one for writing the register (output) and one for
reading the register (input). A suffix is added to the register name to identify the respective
data point. For example, the register MyValue will have two data points generated for:
MyValue_Read and MyValue_Write.

5.2.9 Math Objects

Math objects are advanced application objects that can execute mathematical operations on
data points. A math object takes a number of input data points (variables v1, v2, …, vn) and
calculates a result value according to a specified formula. The result is written to a set of
output data points. The formula is calculated each time one of the input data points updated
its value. The formula is only evaluated if all of the input data points have a valid value
(i.e., don’t show the invalid value status).

5.3 Connections
With the use of connections, data points can interact with each other. Connections specify
which data points exchange values with each other. Both types of connections – “1:n” and
“m:1” connections – are supported. The single data point is referred to as the hub data
point, whereas the other data points are the target data points.

This means, the following connections are possible:

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• 1 input data point is connected to n output data points,

• m inputs data points are connected to 1 output data point.

The most common connection will be the 1:1 connection. This is the type of connection
that is auto-generated by the Configurator software. Other types must be created manually
in the Configurator.

In the 1:n connection the input value is distributed to all n output data points. In the m:1
connection, the most current input value is written to the output data point. When polling
the output data point in poll-through mode (maximum cache age is set on the output), the
value from the first input data point is polled.

Connections can connect data points of different technologies with each other (also mixed
among the target data points) but are restricted to the same class of data points. This means
only data points of class analog can exchange values within a connection.

For certain classes of data points, additional restrictions exist:

• Analog: The value range is capped on the output data points. This means, if the input
value in the hub does not fit into the range of an output data point, the value is capped
to the biggest or smallest allowed value.
• Binary: No special restrictions exist.
• Multi-state: Only multi-state data points of an equal number of states can be placed
into a connection. The actual state Ids need not be equal. They are ordered and the n-th
state is propagated over a connection. For example, the 2nd state on the hub has the
state ID ‘2’, while on the target the 2nd state has the state ID ‘0’.
• String: No special restrictions exist.
• User: Only user data points of the same length can be placed in a connection.

5.4 AST Features

5.4.1 Alarming
The alarming architecture comprises a number of entities. Objects that monitor values of
data points and generate alarms depending on an alarm condition are called alarm sources.
The alarms are reported to an alarm server on the same device. The alarm server maintains
a list of alarm records, called the alarm summary. The alarm server is the interface to
access the local alarms. This can be done over the network or the Web UI.

An alarm record contains the information about the alarm. This includes information about
the alarm time, the source of the alarm, an alarm text, an alarm value, an alarm type, an
alarm priority, and an alarm state. An alarm record undergoes a number of state changes
during its life-cycle. When the alarm occurs, it is active. When the alarm condition
subsides, the alarm becomes inactive. Active alarms can be acknowledged by an operator.
Then they become active acknowledged. Active alarms can also become inactive, but an
acknowledgement is still required. Then they become ack-pending. When an alarm is
inactive and was acknowledged it disappears from the alarm summary.

Other devices can access the alarm information of an alarm server. These devices are alarm
clients. They register with the alarm server and get notified about changes to the alarm
summary. Alarm clients can be used to display the current alarm summary and
acknowledge alarms.

Depending on the underlying technology, some restrictions to the available alarm

information and acknowledgement behavior may exist.

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5.4.2 Historical Alarm Log

The alarm summary of the alarm objects contains a live list of currently active and
acknowledge-pending alarms. As soon as an alarm becomes inactive and has been
acknowledged, it disappears from the alarm summary. To store a historical log of alarm
transitions an alarm log is utilized. An alarm log can log transitions of one or more alarm
objects.

The alarm log is always local and stored as a file on the device. The size of an alarm log is
configurable. The alarm log operates as a ring buffer. As soon as its size limit is reached,
the oldest alarm log records are overwritten by newer alarm transitions. The alarm log is
available on the Web UI or can be uploaded from the device as a CSV file. The CSV file
can also be used as an e-mail attachment.

5.4.3 Scheduling
Schedulers are objects that schedule values of data points on a timely basis. A scheduler
object is configured by which data points it shall schedule. This configuration is done by
the system engineer once when the system is designed. The configuration of the times and
values that shall be scheduled is not part of that initial configuration and may be changed
later. This distinction has to be kept in mind.

A scheduler object sets its data points to pre-defined values at specified times. The function
of the scheduler is state-based. This means, that after a value is scheduled, the scheduler
maintains its state for this value. It can re-transmit the scheduled values as appropriate
(e.g., when rebooting). The pre-defined values are called /value presets/. A value preset
contains one or more values under a single label (e.g., "day" schedules the values {20.0,
TRUE, 400}).

Which value preset is scheduled at what time is defined through a daily schedule. The daily
schedule defines the times and value presets in a 24-hour period. A schedule typically
contains daily schedules for the weekdays Monday through Sunday. See Figure 41 for an
example of a daily schedule.

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Figure 41: Example of a Daily Schedule.

For some tasks the daily schedules on weekdays is sufficient. However, on some specific
dates, there may be exceptions to the regular week. This can be implemented by defining
daily schedules for exception days. For instance, there may be a separate daily schedule for
Holidays. The exception days are defined through a calendar. The calendar contains a
number of calendar patterns. Each calendar pattern describes a pattern of dates that define
the class of an exception, e.g., Holidays.

When a calendar is defined on a system, the exception days are available in all schedules.
When a schedule wants to define daily schedules for some of the available exception days,
they need to be enabled in the schedule. See Figure 42 for an example where Holidays is
used.

Figure 42: Example of on used Exception Day.

The function of the exception is simple. The daily schedule of a regular weekday is
overridden by the daily schedule of the exception, when one of the specified date patterns
is in effect (e.g., July 14th in Holidays overrides the regular weekday). If more than one
exception days are in use, there may be conflicts on specific dates. These conflicts are
resolved by defining priorities for the different exceptions. The daily schedule of the
exception with the higher priority is eventually in effect. If two exceptions with the same

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priority exist, it is not defined, which one is in effect. Therefore, always use distinct
priorities.

Apart from the defined value presets, there exist special events that can be scheduled in a
daily schedule. They affect how the scheduler behaves and which exception is active:

• Invalid: If this value is scheduled, the scheduler transmits the invalid value. The
numeric representation of that invalid value is defined by the underlying data point and
is technology-specific.

• Withdraw: If this value is scheduled, the scheduler takes the previously value preset
out of effect. This means that the daily schedule with the next lower priority becomes
effective. If no daily schedule with lower priority applies, the scheduler behaves as if it
was disabled. Figure 43 presents an example of the Maintenance exception day, which
schedules the maint value at 6 am and goes out of effect at 10 am. If the maintenance
day falls on a Monday, the regular schedule for Monday will be overridden by the
Maintenance schedule at 6 am and become effective again at 10 am sending the day
value.

• Temporary Disable: If this value is scheduled, the entire scheduler is disabled until a
new event is scheduled in a daily schedule of the same or higher priority than the one
that has the temporary disable event. This type of event can be used to define periods
for manual override.

Please also refer to the technology-specific limitations described in Section 6.12 to learn
about special behavior of the respective networking technology.

Figure 43: Example using withdraw in an exception schedule.

The configuration of exceptions is done by calendar patterns in the calendar. Each calendar
pattern contains a number of pattern entries. These entries can define the following:
• A single date: This defines a singe date. Wildcards may be used in the year to specify
July 14th of every year.

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• A date range: This defines a range. Starting with a start date and ending with the end
date. No wildcards should be used.
• A Week-and-Day definition: This defines dates based on a week, such as every 1st
Friday in a month, every Monday, every last Wednesday of a month.

While exception days of a calendar are accessible to all schedules on a device, specific
exceptions can be defined, which are embedded into a specific schedule. These are referred
to as an embedded calendar. In contrast to a regular calendar each calendar pattern of an
embedded calendar can hold exactly one date entry. This can be a single date or a date
range. The embedded exception days are only visible to the schedule they are defined in.
Apart from these restrictions, embedded calendars behave like the regular calendar. Figure
42 shows an example for an embedded exception day named ‘24_12_xx’.

A schedule defines at which time instants certain states of the scheduled data points are
maintained. The next-state feature allows to look ahead into the future and predict when the
next scheduled state will occur. There are two data points involved: the time-to-next-state
is a counter in minutes to the next scheduled event, and the next-state data point is the state
of the next scheduled event. This information can be used by controllers to optimize their
algorithms (e.g., pre-heat a room for the scheduled occupancy state). Use the
SNVT_tod_event in CEA-709 to accomplish this task.

When a scheduler is executing the schedule on the local device, it is called a local
scheduler. Such a scheduler is configured to schedule data points and later its daily
schedules can be modified. When accessing the daily schedules of a scheduler, which
executes on a remote device, the object is called a remote scheduler. A remote scheduler
has the same interface to the user to modify daily schedules. A remote scheduler object can
be used as a user-interface for schedulers that execute on different devices.

5.4.4 Trending
Trending refers to the ability to log values of data points over time. A trend log object is
responsible for this task. It is configured, which data points shall be trended. Log records
are generated either in fixed time intervals, on change-of-value conditions, or when a
trigger is activated. Trend log objects can trend either local or remote data points.

The trend data is stored in a binary format on the device. The capacity of a given trend log
is configured. The trend log can be operated in one of two modes: (1) In linear mode the
trend file fills up until it reaches its capacity. It then stops logging. (2) In ring buffer mode.
In this mode the oldest log records are overwritten when the capacity is reached.

Trended data points can be logged as their actual values at given time instants or as an
aggregated value over the defined log interval. Aggregation can be calculated as minimum,
maximum, or average. Aggregation can be beneficial, if the trended value changes more
frequently than the selected log interval. Using aggregation, the log interval can be chosen
to limit the amount of logged data while preserving information of the trended value.

How many data points can be trended in one trend log is limited by the underlying
technology. So are some of the log modes. Refer to the technology sections for more
information.

5.4.5 E-Mail
The e-mail function can be combined with the other AST features. The format of an e-mail
is defined through e-mail templates. An e-mail template defines the recipients, the e-mail
text, value parameters inserted into the text and triggers, which invoke the transmission of
an e-mail. An e-mail template can also specify one or more files to be sent along as an
attachment.

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A prerequisite to sending E-Mails is the configuration of an E-Mail account on the L-Gate.

This can be done on the Web UI (see Section 4.2.11). It is recommended to use the e-mail
server of your Internet provider. For public mailers enable the required authentication.
Please note that the L-Gate does currently not support the SSL/TLS E-Mail authentication
mechanism. Therefore, Hotmail and gmail cannot be used.

The amount of generated e-mails can be limited using a rate limit algorithm. The
transmission of e-mails can be disabled altogether by using a special data point. That data
point can be scheduled or driven over the network.

If an E-Mail cannot be sent (e.g. the mail server is not reachable), the mail delivery is
retried up to 24 times every 30 minutes.

5.5 CEA-709 Technology

5.5.1 CEA-709 Data Points
Data points in the CEA-709 network are known as network variables (NVs). They have a
direction, a name, and a type, known as the standard network variable type (SNVT) or
user-defined network variable type (UNVT). In addition to NVs, also configuration
properties (CPs) in the CEA-709 network can be accessed as data points. Both standard CP
types (SCPTs) and user-defined CP types (UCPTs) are supported.

The CEA-709 NVs on the L-Gate can be created in three different ways:
• Static NV: For each selected NV on the network there is a static NV created on the L-
Gate. This NV can be bound to the NV on the network. Note that adding static NVs to
the L-Gate results in a change to the default XIF file. The L-Gate is assigned a new
“model number” to reflect this change (see Section 5.5.2). Static NVs are the way to
use NVs in non-LNS systems, where NVs shall be bound instead of using polling.
• Dynamic NV: For each selected NV on the network there is a dynamic NV created on
the L-Gate. Compared to static NVs, dynamic NVs do not change the XIF interface of
the L-Gate. The dynamic NVs are created by the network management tool. Currently,
only LNS-based tools can manage dynamic NVs. As for static NVs, with dynamic
NVs it is possible to use bindings instead of polling.
• External NV: The selected NVs on the network are treated as external NVs to the L-
Gate. The L-Gate doesn’t create any NVs on the device, but instead uses polling to
read from those NVs and explicit updates to write to the NVs. Therefore, no bindings
are necessary for external NVs. For input data points using external NVs however, a
poll cycle must be configured. If not configured explicitly, a default poll cycle of 10
sec. is chosen. The default poll cycle can be changed in the project settings menu.

Based on the NV the data point is derived from, the following kinds of data points are
created:
• Simple NVs that hold only one scalar value, e.g., SNVT_amp: Those kinds on NVs are
represented as analog data points. The data points holds the current value, NV scaling
factors are applied.
• Simple NVs based on an enumeration, e.g., SNVT_date_day: Enumeration types result
in multi-state data points. They represent the state of the NV.
• Structured NVs that consists of a number of fields, e.g., SNVT_switch: All structured
NVs are represented as user point. That is, the data point is structured similar to the
NV it is based on. Beneath the user data point, the individual structure fields are
presented as “sub-data points”.

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For more information on the different types of network variables and their implications
please refer to the application note in Section 11.2. For CPs the allocation type “File” is
used.

5.5.2 Static Interface Changes

The L-Gate can be configured to use static NVs. Unlike dynamic NVs, static NVs cannot
be created in the network management tool. They are part of the static interface and are
usually compiled into the device. When static NVs are used, the L-Gate changes its static
interface and boots with a new one.

Each time the static interface of the L-Gate changes (i.e., static NVs are added, deleted, or
modified), the model number is changed. The model number is the last byte of the program
ID. Thus, a change in the static interface results in a change of the program ID and a new
device template needs to be created in the network management tool. A new device
template usually means that the device has to be deleted and added again in the database.
All bindings and dynamic NVs have to be created again for the new device.

When the L-Gate Configurator is connected via LNS, it supports the process of changing
the device template for the new static interface. It automatically upgrades the device
template of the L-Gate device in the LNS database and restores the previous bindings and
dynamic NVs. If the L-Gate is not configured with an LNS-based tool, this support is not
available. The new static interface is only available in a new XIF file or by uploading the
new device template into the database. For more information on the static interface and
device templates please refer to the application note in Section 11.2.

5.5.3 Limitations for Local CEA-709 Schedulers

CEA-709 schedulers and the CEA-709 calendar adhere to the LONMARK standard objects.
For CEA-709, certain restrictions exist that need to be kept in mind. Attached data points
can either represent an entire NV or individual elements of a structured NV. CEA-709
schedulers may have several different groups of data points attached, i.e., the value preset
may consist of more than one element. For example, a CEA-709 scheduler might schedule
a SNVT_temp and a SNVT_switch and have 3 elements in each value preset as depicted in
Figure 44.

Figure 44: Example value presets in CEA-709 schedulers.

Priorities of exception days in a CEA-709 scheduler range from 0 (the highest) to 126 (the
lowest). The value 127 is reserved as a default for weekdays.

Further, the implementation as LONMARK standard objects requires the use of

configuration properties. If the number of CEA-709 schedulers or their capacities for daily
schedules and value presets is changed, the resource and static interface of the CEA-709
port changes. The resources reserved for LONMARK calendar and scheduler objects can be
changed in the project settings (see Section 6.3.4). When downloading a project, the
software verifies if sufficient resources have been configured. If it detects a problem, the
user is notified to update the project settings. The Auto-Set feature automatically selects the
right amount of resources.

5.5.4 Limitations for CEA-709 Alarm Servers

Local CEA-709 alarming supports only one alarm server object. This alarm server object is
represented by the device’s LONMARK node object and facilitates the SNVT_alarm2 output

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network variable. Acknowledging alarms in the alarm server is adhering to the LONMARK
specification and relies on the RQ_CLEAR_ALARM mechanism.

5.5.5 Limitations for Local CEA-709 Trends

Local CEA-709 trend objects support trending multiple data points in all trend modes,
interval, COV, and trigger. The enable data point is also supported. All data points can be
NVs, registers or of any other technology. There is no LONMARK object linked to the trend
object. Consequently, trend data cannot be accessed over a LONMARK mechanism.

5.6 BACnet Technology

5.6.1 BACnet Data Points
Data points in the BACnet technology are known as BACnet objects. They have a specific
type (e.g. analog input or binary output) and a set of properties, which describe the data
point more closely. The actual value is stored in the “Present_Value”.

On the device, there exist two classes of BACnet data points:

• BACnet server objects (SO): These BACnet objects configured by the Configurator
software to be allocated locally on the device. These objects can be accessed by the
BACnet building control system or operating workstations. They support COV
subscriptions to deliver value changes in an event-driven way.

• BACnet client mappings (CM): For certain applications, it is necessary that the
device acts as a BACnet client. This functionality can be configured by activating a
client mapping. Client mappings can be of the type Poll, COV, Write, or Auto. This
specifies how the BACnet client accesses other BACnet objects on the BACnet
network. The Auto method determines the best way (poll, COV, or write) to talk with
other server objects. Poll is used for objects that need to read data from other BACnet
objects in a periodic manner. COV is used to subscribe for COV at other BACnet
objects in order to get updates in an event-driven fashion. Write is used to send updates
to other BACnet objects.

The direction of BACnet server objects deserves a closer look. The direction specified for
data points in the Configurator software always refers to the network view of the
communication. The definition of input and output objects in BACnet, however, refers to
the process view, which is opposite to the network. Therefore, a BACnet analog input (AI)
object is modeled as an analog output data point. The direction of client mappings naturally
refers to the network communication. Therefore, a write client mapping is represented as an
analog output data point.

In BACnet commandable objects can be written with values at a certain priority. The value
with the highest priority is in effect. When revoking a written value, the NULL value is
written. This takes back the value. When all written values are withdrawn, the
Relinquish_Default value is in effect.

The default value feature of a data point is mapped to the Relinquish_Default property for
commandable objects. For BACnet objects, which are not commandable, the
Present_Value is initialized with the specified default value.

5.6.2 BACnet Alarming

BACnet alarming on the device is based on the intrinsic reporting mechanism. Currently,
algorithmic reporting is not supported. Alarm conditions can only be applied to data points,
which map to BACnet server objects. If defined, the intrinsic reporting properties of the
underlying BACnet objects are enabled. Alarm conditions can be specified for analog

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input, output, value objects (AI, AO, AV), for binary input, value objects (BI, BV), and for
multi-state input, value objects (MSI, MSV). To define alarm conditions for binary output
(BO) and multi-state output (MSO) objects map the Feedback_Value property of the
respective server objects to a data point. This data point must be used to supply the
feedback value to the server object.

Alarm servers in the BACnet technology are mapped to BACnet Notification Class (NC)
objects. Each alarm server is mapped to one NC. The notification class number can be
configured in the object instance number property of the alarm server object.

Remote alarms in the BACnet technology refer to a remote NC object. When the device
starts up, the remote alarm object reads out the current alarm state of the remote NC and
reporting objects. To get notified about alarm transitions during run-time, the device
registers in the Recipient_list of the remote NC object.

5.6.3 BACnet Schedulers and Calendars

BACnet schedulers and the BACnet calendar adhere to the standard schedule and calendar
object in BACnet. For each scheduler a BACnet Schedule object is created. The calendar
deserves a closer look. For each calendar pattern a BACnet Calendar object is created. The
visible calendar on the Web UI is therefore a collection of BACnet calendar objects. Each
calendar pattern therefore is associated with a BACnet object instance number. The
calendar pattern “Holidays” is for example visible as CAL,1 on the BACnet port.

The BACnet schedule object allows only objects of one selected data type to be scheduled.
Therefore, schedulers on BACnet can only schedule one class of data points (e.g., only one
group of analog data points). As a consequence, the value preset in BACnet always has
only one element. The name of the value preset is not stored in BACnet. It is not accessible
over the BACnet network, either. Therefore, a default name is created, such as ‘Value(22)’
for an analog value. An example of two scheduled BACnet objects is shown in Figure 45.

Figure 45: Example value presets in BACnet schedulers.

Priorities of exception days in a BACnet scheduler range from 1 (the highest) to 16 (the
lowest). Weekdays in BACnet have no priority.

Changing the number of calendar patterns in a BACnet calendar can only be done through
the configuration software and not during run-time. The individual calendar pattern entries
in the calendar patterns can be changed at run-time. Therefore, it is advisable to reserve a
suitable number of calendar patterns in a BACnet calendar and leave them empty if not
needed immediately.

5.6.4 BACnet Trend Logs

A number of restrictions apply to trend log objects in BACnet. Trend log objects must be
created by the Configurator software. These objects are accessible over the BACnet
network for other BACnet devices and operator workstations (OWS). All configuration
properties can be modified by the Configurator software as well as an OWS. The number
of trend log objects cannot be changed at run-time. Therefore, if it is intended that an OWS
configures the trend logs, a suitable number of empty trend log objects (i.e., without
attached data points) must be created in the Configurator software.

In BACnet trend logs, only one data point can be trended per trend log object. The trended
data point can be either a local BACnet server object or a remote BACnet object accessed

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through a client mapping. Data points of other technologies and the min/max/avg
algorithms cannot be trended in this firmware version.

BACnet trend logs are limited to interval and COV logs. The trigger mode is not supported
in BACnet. The setting linear and ring-buffer logging is mapped to the Stop_When_Full
property of the underlying BACnet trend log object. This setting in the Configurator
software is a default and can be overridden by writing to the Stop_When_Full property by
the OWS.

If an enable data point is configured by the Configurator software, the Log_Enable

property is written with the value of that data point. If no enable data point is configured,
the Log_Enable is TRUE as a default and can be modified over the network.

The fill-level action is mapped to generating a buffer event notification in the BACnet
trend log object. The fill-level trigger can still be used for e-mails even if no notification
class is configured in the BACnet trend log object. The fill-level percentage maps to the
Notification_Threshold property. The percentage setting in the Configurator software is a
default and can be changed by the OWS over the network.

5.7 Automatic Generation of Connections

When generating matching counter parts to NVs, there are two types of NVs to be
considered: Simple NVs that hold only one value (scalar or enumeration), and structured
NVs, that consist of a number of fields. For simple NVs only one BACnet object per NV is
generated. For structured NVs, one BACnet object is generated for each structure member.

Which type of BACnet object is created depends on the type of the simple NV or of the
structure member. For scalar types, analog objects are created. The scaling factors are
applied to the NV to get the resulting scalar value for the Present_Value property. Other
properties of analog objects are derived from the SNVT, including the engineering units,
min and max present value. Multi-state objects are created for NV enumeration types. The
CEA-709 state IDs are sorted and renumbered to start at ‘1’ in BACnet (i.e., a ‘-1’ of
MOTOR_NUL in CEA-709 maps to a ‘1’ of MOTOR_NUL in BACnet). This is necessary
as the SNVT states ‘-1’ and ‘0’ cannot be represented in BACnet as a raw value, because
allowed BACnet multi-states start at 1. Which state IDs exist is documented in the BACnet
multi-state texts array. Optionally, binary objects are created for enumerated NVs with
three states, excluding the ‘-1’ state.

In BACnet commandable objects can be written with values at a certain priority. The value
with the highest priority is in effect. When revoking a written value, the NULL value is
written. This takes back the value. When all written values are withdrawn, the
Relinquish_Default value is in effect. In CEA-709 there is no notion of taking a value back.
To model this behavior, a distinctive invalid value can be written to an NV. Most SNVTs
have such an invalid value. For those that do not an invalid value, it can be specified when
editing the data point. To make a BACnet object convey that invalid value to the CEA-709
side, enable the property “Relinquish to Invalid”.

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6 The L-Gate Configurator

This Chapter gives step-by-step instructions on how to commission the device, create a
data point configuration with input and output network variables, and how to map those
data points to BACnet and vice-versa. We show the configuration steps using
LonMaker TE but other LNS-based network management tools can be used as well to
install and configure the device. We also show how to configure the device without LNS.

6.1 Installation
6.1.1 Software Installation
The L-Gateway Configuration software must be used to setup the data point configuration
of the L-Gate. This configuration utility is installed as a plug-in tool for all LNS-based
network management tools as well as a stand-alone tool (for systems without LNS).

System requirements:
• LNS 3.1, Service Pack 8 or LNS TE SP5 or higher (for LNS mode),
• Windows XP, Windows 2003 Server, Windows Vista, Windows 7, or Windows 2008
Server.

The L-Gate Configurator can be downloaded from the LOYTEC Web site
http://www.loytec.com. When asked for the type of installation, there are two options to
choose from. Select Typical to install the required program files. Select Full to install the
LONMARK resource files along with the software. This option is useful, when the system
does not have the newest resource files.

6.1.2 Registration as a Plug-In

If the L-Gate shall be configured using LNS-based tools (e.g., NL200 or LonMaker), the
L-Gate Configurator needs to be registered as an LNS plug-in. In the following, the process
is described for LonMaker TE. Otherwise, please refer to the documentation of your
network management tool on how to register an LNS plug-in.

To Register in LonMaker TE

1. Open LonMaker and create a new network.

2. Click Next until the plug-in registration tab appears in the Network Wizard. Select the
LOYTEC L-Gate Configurator (Version X.Y) from the list of Not Registered (see
Figure 46).

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Figure 46: Select the Plug-in to be registered.

3. Click Register. The Configurator now appears in the Pending list.

4. Click Finish to complete the registration. Device templates for the L-Gate are added
automatically and XIF files are copied into the LNS import directory.

Note: If you are using multiple databases (projects) make sure you have registered the plug-in in
each project.

5. Under LonMaker Æ Network Properties Æ Plug-In Registration make sure that

the LOYTEC L-Gate Configurator (Version X.Y) shows up under Already
Registered.

Figure 47: Check that the L-Gate Configurator is properly registered.

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6.1.3 Operating Modes

The Configurator can be used in on-line, off-line, and stand-alone mode. On-line and off-
line mode refers to the 2 operating modes of your LNS network management software.
• On-line Mode: This is the preferred method to use the configuration utility. The
network management tool is attached to the network and all network changes are
directly propagated into the network. This mode must be used to add the device,
commission the device, extract the port interface definition, and download the
configuration into the device.
• Off-line Mode: In off-line mode, the network management software is not attached to
the network or the device is not attached to the network, respectively. This mode can
be used to add the device using the device templates, create the port interface
definition and to make the internal connections.
• Stand-alone Mode: The Configurator can also be executed as a stand-alone program.
This mode is useful for the engineer who doesn’t want to start the configuration
software as a plug-in from within network management software (e.g., NL-220,
LonMaker or Alex). Instead the engineer can work directly with the device when
online or engineer it offline.

6.2 Data Point Manager

The configuration software uses a central concept to manage data points. The data point
manager as shown in Figure 48 is used to select, create, edit and delete data points. The
dialog is divided into three sections:
• The folder list (number 1 in Figure 48),
• The data point list (number 2 in Figure 48),
• And a property view (number 3 in Figure 48).

Figure 48: Datapoint Manager Dialog.

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6.2.1 Folder List

At the left is a list of folders which is used to sort the available data objects by their
category. There are a number of predefined folders available:
• Imported: This folder has a number of sub-folders for different import methods:
o BACnet Network Scan: This folder is used to display data points retrieved
by an online scan of the BACnet network.
o BACnet EDE File: This folder is used to display data points imported from
an EDE file.
o CEA-709 CSV File: This folder is used to display data points imported from
CSV files.
o CEA-709 LNS Scan: This folder is used to hold data retrieved from a
network database scan.
o CEA709 Network Scan: This folder holds NVs scanned online from an
attached CEA-709 network.
Data objects in the import folder are not stored on the device when the project is
downloaded. They represent data objects which are available on remote devices
and are shown here as templates to create suitable data objects for use on the
device by selecting the Use on Device option.
• Filter Templates: This folder contains the created data point templates. They contain a
set of properties, which are applied to data points, when they are created on the device.
There is a sub-folder for filter templates specific to different technologies, e.g. CEA-
709.
• L-Gate: This is the device folder of the L-Gate. It contains all the necessary data
points which constitute to the L-Gate’s port interface definition. These data points are
created on the L-Gate when the configuration is downloaded. The three subfolders
represent
o System Registers: This folder contains system registers, which provide
information on the device itself.
o User Registers: This folder holds user-definable registers. These registers are
not visible on the underlying network and are intended for internal usage.
o CEA-709 Port: This folder contains data points, schedulers, calendars, trend
logs, statistics, and remote data points of the CEA-709 network technology.
See Section 6.2.2.
o BACnet Port: This folder contains data points, schedulers, calendars, trend
logs, statistics, and remote data points of the BACnet network technology.
See Section 6.2.2.
• Global Objects: This top-level folder contains sub-folders that organize specific
application objects that operate on data points.
o E-mail Configuration: This folder contains e-mail templates. An e-mail
template defines the destination address and text body of an e-mail, which is
triggered by data points and may contain data point values or file attachments.
To create an e-mail template, select the folder and use the context menu.
o Math Objects Configuration: This folder contains math objects. Math
objects are used to perform a predefined calculation on a number of input data
points and write the result to a defined set of output data points. Each math
object contains one formula. To create a math object, select the folder and use
the context menu.
o Alarm Log Configuration: This folder contains the alarm log objects. Each
alarm log object creates a historical log of alarm transitions of one or more

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alarm objects (alarm server or client). To create an alarm log, select the folder
and use the context menu.

Using the context menu on a folder, sub-folders may be created to organize the available
objects. If new objects are created automatically, they are usually placed in the base folder
and can then be moved by the user to any of his sub-folders. Note, that the folder structure
described above cannot be changed by adding or deleting folders at that level.

6.2.2 Network Port Folders

Each network port folder on the device has the same structure of sub folders. These sub
folders are:
• Datapoints: This folder holds all data points, which are allocated on the network port.
To create a data point, select the folder and use the context menu.
• Calendar: This folder is used to hold a locally available calendar object with its
calendar patterns (definitions of day classes like holiday, maintenance day, and so on).
Current devices allow one local calendar object. To create a calendar, select the folder
and use the context menu.
• Scheduler: This folder is used for local scheduler objects. Each of these objects will
map to a local scheduler on the device’s network port. Configuring schedules through
these objects actually transfers schedule configuration data to the underlying scheduler
objects on the network port. To create a scheduler, select the folder and use the context
menu.
• Alarm: This folder is used for local alarm server objects. Each of these alarm server
objects represent an alarm class, which other objects can report alarms to. Other
devices can use the alarm server object to get notified about alarms. To create an alarm
server object, select the folder and use the context menu.
• Trend: This folder is used for local trend log objects. Each of these objects will be
able to trend data points over time and store a local trend log file. To create a trend log
object, select the folder and use the context menu.
• Statistics: This folder contains registers, which provide communication statistics
specific to the network port.
• Remote Devices: This folder is used to collect all remote calendars, schedulers, trend
logs, and alarm client objects, which were created from network scan data. For each
remote device, a subfolder will be created where the objects referencing this device are
collected.

6.2.3 Data Point List

At the top right, a list of all data objects which are available in the selected folder is shown.
From this list, objects may be selected (including multi-select) in order to modify some of
their properties. Click on the Include Subfolders button to show all data points of the
selected data point folder and all its sub-folders. This can be a convenient way for multi-
select across folders. To filter for data point names, enter a search text into the Datapoint
Name Filter text box and hit Enter. A drop-down list holds the previously used filters
available.

The list can be sorted by clicking on one of the column headers. For example, clicking on
the Direction column header will sort the list by direction. Other columns display data
point name, NV name, and SNVT. To apply the current sort order as the new data point
order on the device, right-click on the column header and select Renumber Datapoints.
Alternatively, select from the menu Tools Æ Renumber Datapoints.

New objects may be created in the selected folder by pressing the New button to the right
of the list or via the New command in the context menu. A plus sign in the list indicates

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that the data point contains sub-points. These can be structure members for structured
SNVTs. Clicking on the plus sign expands the view.

For the alarming, scheduling, trending (AST) features, there are columns, which display
icons for data points that are attached to an AST function. See Table 7 for details.

Icon Data Point Usage

Data point is scheduled

Data point has an active alarm condition

Data point has an inactive alarm condition.

Data point is a trigger for E-Mails

Table 7: Icons for used data points in the data point list view.

6.2.4 Property View

When one or multiple data points are selected, the available properties are displayed in the
property view. Properties which are read-only are marked with a lock sign. When
applying multi-select, only those properties common to all selected data points are
displayed. Depending on the network technology and data point class, different properties
may exist.

Data point properties common to all technologies:

• Datapoint Name: This is the technology-independent data point name. This name may
be longer than and different to the name of the native communication object (i.e.,
network variable). Data point names must be unique within a given folder. The
maximum length is limited to 64 ASCII characters.
• Datapoint Path: This informational property specifies the entire path of the data point
within the data point hierarchy. The maximum length is limited to 64 ASCII
characters.
• Datapoint Description: This is a human-readable description of the data point. There
are no special restrictions for a description.
• Use Pollcycle value as: For input data points, this property defines whether the input
shall use a receive timeout or be constantly polling. See Section 5.2.2.
• Poll on Startup: For input data points this property defines, whether the data point
shall be polled once at start-up. Poll-on-startup can be enabled independently of the
poll cycle. See Section 5.2.2.
• Pollcycle: For input data points, this property defines the poll cycle in seconds. Set this
property to 0 to disable polling. See Section 5.2.2.
• Receive Timeout: For input data points, this property defines the receive timeout in
seconds. Set this property to 0 to disable polling. See Section 5.2.2.
• Min Send: For output data points, this property defines the min send time in seconds.
See Section 5.2.2.
• Max Send: For output data points, this property defines the max send time in seconds.
See Section 5.2.2.
• Send-on-delta: For output data points this property defines, if value updates shall be
sent only once they meet the COV condition of the data point. For analog data points
the analog COV increment is used. If not checked, updates are always transmitted
according to min and max send times. See Section 5.2.6.
• Use Linear Scaling: If this property is enabled, the analog values are pre-scaled from
the technology to the data point. This scaling is in addition to any technology-specific

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scaling factors. If enabled, the properties Custom Scaling Factor and Custom
Scaling Offset accept the scaling factors. See Section 5.2.6.
• Custom Scaling Factor, Custom Scaling Offset: These properties only exist, if linear
scaling is enabled. They apply to analog data points only. See Section 5.2.6.
• Only notify on COV: This property assists for binary and multi-state input data
points. It defines, if a data point shall trigger an update only when the value changes or
on every write. If this is enabled, consecutive writes with the same value do not trigger
an update. If you want to convey every write, disable COV on the data point.
• Persistent: This property defines, if the last written value shall be stored as a persistent
value. Persistent data points restore that value after a restart from the persistent
storage. See Section 5.2.4.
• Default Value: This property defines a default value (see Section 5.2.3). Enter a
default value to enable this feature in the data point. Delete the value entirely to
remove the default value. If no default value is defined, this property reads “N/A”. The
default is no default value.
• Point Type: This is the base data point type, e.g., “Analog Datapoint”.
• Direction: This is the data point direction. Use input or output as directions.
• Unit Text: For analog data points this property contains a human-readable text for the
engineering units of the scalar value, e.g., “kilogram”.
• Analog Datapoint Max Value: For analog data points this property contains the upper
limit of the supported value range. Note that this does not define an alarm limit.
• Analog Datapoint Min Value: For analog data points this property contains the lower
limit of the supported value range. Note that this does not define an alarm limit.
• Analog Datapoint Precision: For analog data points this property defines the number
of decimals. ‘0’ specifies an integer value. Display units may use this to format the
floating point value accordingly.
• Analog Datapoint Resolution: For analog data points this property defines the
smallest possible value increment.
• Analog Point COV Increment: This property is valid for analog input data points. It
specifies by which amount the value needs to change, before an update is generated. If
every write shall generate an update even when the value does not change, specify 0 as
the COV increment. If any value change shall generate an update, delete the value,
which results in Any.
• Active Text: For binary data points this property defines a human-readable text for the
active state (true).
• Inactive Text: For binary data points this property defines a human-readable text for
the inactive state (false).
• State Count: For multi-state data points this property defines the number of discrete
states.
• State Text: For multi-state data points this property defines a human-readable state
label for each state.

6.2.5 Managing Multistate Maps

Multistate data points have a descriptive set of state texts for their state IDs. To manage
those state IDs and state texts among many multistate data points, they refer to multistate
maps. Some technologies have a fixed set of such multistate maps others have freely
configurable multistate maps (e.g, user registers). Editing a multistate map affects all
multistate data points, which are using that particular map. It is not necessary to edit each
data point individually.

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To Edit a Multistate Map

1. Click on the button in the State Count property of a multistate data point. This
opens the multistate map manager as shown in Figure 49.

Figure 49: Assign multistate maps in the multistate map manager.

2. Select an existing state map in the State Map list and click on Assign. Maps that are
fixed and cannot be changed are marked with a lock symbol .

3. If a new multistate map shall be created, change to the Edit tab.

4. Click on the Create button and enter a new multistate map name. Then hit Enter.

5. In the Configure States box enter the desired number of states and click Set.

6. Edit the state texts as needed.

7. Change back to the Assign tab.

8. Select the newly created multistate map and click the Assign button. The assigned map
is now displayed next to the data point.

6.2.6 CEA-709 Properties

Apart from the common data point properties discussed in Section 6.2.4 the data points of
the CEA-709 technology have additional properties. Depending on if a NV is local or
external (remote), the properties may vary.
• NV Allocation: This property defines how a data point shall be allocated on the
device. Choices are “Static NV”, “Dynamic NV”, and “External NV”. If the allocation
type cannot be changed, this property is locked.
• SNVT: This property defines the SNVT of the NV, e.g., “lux (79)”.

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• Invalid Value: This property defines the “invalid value” for the NV. If set, this
specific value will be interpreted as “invalid” in the data point. If known by the SNVT,
the invalid value is filled in. Otherwise, the user can specify an invalid value.
• CEA-709 Mapping Information: This information is derived from the SNVT. It
defines how the NV contents are mapped to the data point.
• NV Scaling A, B, C: These are the scaling factors known from the SNVT table. The
scaling factors are applied to translate a raw NV value into the scalar representation of
the data point.
• Data Type: This is the basic NV data type. This is usually filled in from the SNVT
definition.
• Local NV Member Index: This property specifies the NV member index within a
given functional block. This must be a unique index in the functional block, which
identifies the NV after other NVs have been added or removed from the interface.
• Local/Remote NV Index: This property specifies the NV index. For local, static NVs
this is the NV index of the static NV. For external NVs, this is the NV index of the NV
on the remote device.
• Local/Remote NV Name: This property specifies the programmatic name of the NV.
For local, static NVs this is the programmatic name of the static NV. For external NVs,
this is the programmatic name of the NV on the remote device.
• Local/Remote Functional Block: This property specifies the programmatic name of
the NV. For local, static NVs, one of the reserved functional blocks can be selected.
• Local/Remote NV Flags: This property specifies the NV flags. For local (static or
dynamic) NVs, the flags can be configured. For external NVs, these flags are only
informational.
• Remove NV Information: For external NVs, this property contains the information
on the remote device and the NV selector on that device.
• Remote Device ID: For external NVs, this property contains information on the
remote device by listing the program ID and location string.
• Remote Device Address: For external NVs, this property contains the CEA-709
network addressing information to access the node, i.e., subnet, node, and NID.
• Retry Count: For external NVs, this property defines the retry count. The default is 3.
• Repeat Timer: For external NVs, this property defines the repeat timer in
milliseconds. The default is 96 ms.
• Transmit Timer: For external NVs, this property defines the transmit timer in
milliseconds. The default is 768 ms.
• LNS Network Path: If available from an LNS scan, this property specifies the LNS
network path of the device where the given NV exists.

• LNS Channel Name: If available from an LNS scan, this property specifies the LNS
channel name of the device where the given NV exists.

6.2.7 BACnet Properties

Apart from the common data point properties discussed in Section 6.2.4 the data points of
the BACnet technology have additional properties. Depending on if a NV is local or
external (remote), the properties may vary,
• Engineering Units: For analog BACnet server objects, this property defines the
engineering units from the BACnet standard. One of those units can be chosen from a
drop-down box, if this property is not locked.

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• Server Object Type: This property defines the BACnet object type of the underlying
BACnet server object. It can be changed within the class, i.e., for an analog data point,
the server object type analog input, analog output, or analog value can be chosen.
• Commandable: This property defines, if the underlying BACnet server object is
commandable. For BACnet value objects (AV, BV, MSV) this property can be edited
to create commandable or non-commandable BACnet value objects.
• Relinquish to invalid value: This property defines whether the data point maintains
the Relinquish_Default value, if the priority array is empty or assumes the invalid
value. By default, this property is false and the Relinquish_Default value is used.
Setting this property to true can be beneficial when used in a connection to withdraw a
value in another technology.
• Server Object Name: This property defines the object name of the underlying
BACnet server object. It must be unique among all server objects. It can be up to 64
characters.
• Server Object Instance No: This property defines the object instance number of the
underlying BACnet server object.
• Server Object Description: This property defines the object description of the
underlying BACnet server object. It can be left blank.
• Server Object Device Type: This property defines the object device type of the
underlying BACnet server object. It can be left blank.
• Allocate Server Object: This Boolean property defines, if a server object shall be
allocated for the data point. This option is useful, when a local server object shall be
allocated for a client mapping.
• Allocate Client Mapping: This Boolean property defines, if a client mapping shall be
allocated for the data point. This option is always set, if at least on client mapping is
attached.
• Client Map Count: This property defines the number of client mappings attached to a
data point. A data point can have one read client map or n write client mappings.
• Client Map [n]: This is a list of client mappings. The property shows a summary of
the client mapping parameters. To edit a client mapping click on the … button.
• Confirmed COV: This Boolean property defines, if a client map subscribes with the
confirmed COV service. If not enabled, the unconfirmed COV is used.

6.3 Project Settings

The project settings allow defining certain default behavior and default settings used
throughout the project. To access the project settings go to the menu Settings Æ Project
Settings… . This opens the project settings dialog, which provides several tabs as
described in the following sections.

6.3.1 General
The general tab of the project settings as shown in Figure 50 contains settings independent
of the technology port. The settings are:
• Project Name: This setting allows entering a descriptive name for the project.
• Default FTP Connection Settings: Enter a user name and password for the default
FTP access. This access method is used implicitly when connected via LNS and the
device is accessible over IP. For this implicit connection, there is no dialog to ask for a
username and password and the username and the default password from the project
settings are used.

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Figure 50: General Project Settings.

6.3.2 Data Point Naming Rules

The data point naming rules tab (see Figure 51) allows specifying, how data point names
are automatically derived from scanned network variables. The preview shows how names
would look like, when the check marks are modified.

The option Use programmatic name and Use display name decides whether the data
point name is assembled of the programmatic NV name or the LNS display name.

Figure 51: Data Point Naming Rules Project Settings.

6.3.3 CEA-709 Settings

The CEA-709 configuration tab as shown in Figure 52 allows configuring properties of the
device’s CEA-709 port. The options are:
• Enable Legacy Network Management Mode: This group box contains check boxes
for each CEA-709 port of the device. Put a check mark on the port, if this port shall be
operated in the legacy network management mode. In that mode, the port does not use
the extended command set (ECS) of network management commands. This can be
necessary to operate the device with some network management tools, that do not
support the ECS. See Section 6.4.3 for more information on how to configure such a
system.
• Default Pollcycle for External NVs: When using external NVs, this poll cycle is set
as a default for input data points. The poll cycle can be edited individually in the
properties view of the data point manager.
• Use state-member of SNVT_switch as: This setting defines how the state member of
the SNVT_switch shall be mapped to a data point. Depending on how the data point
shall be used, it can be binary or multi-state. The multi-state setting allows setting the
UNSET state explicitly. As a binary point the UNSET state is implicitly chosen, if the
value is invalid.
• Configuration Download: This group box contains self-configuration settings for the
CEA-709 ports. This is necessary, when the device shall be used without being
commissioned by a network management tool. Set the check mark and enter the CEA-

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709 domain and subnet/node information. If operated in self-configured mode, the

CEA-709 network can be scanned using the network scan (see Section 6.7.6) and
external NVs can be used on the device. Note, that the domain must match the nodes’
domain on the network and the subnet/node address must not be used by another
device.

Figure 52: CEA-709 Project Settings.

6.3.4 AST Settings

For CEA709 devices, the use of alarming, scheduling, trending (AST) features requires
additional resources (functional objects and NVs). The dialog is shown in Figure 53.
Changes made there affect the static interface. Since the number of used resources also
influences the performance, the CEA-709 AST tab allows configuring those resources for
the project. In this tab the required number of scheduler units that may be instantiated and
their capacity may be configured (how many time/value entries, value templates, bytes per
value template, and so on). It contains the following options and settings, which are
relevant to calendar and scheduler functionality of the device:
• Enable Calendar Object: This checkbox enables a LONMARK compliant calendar
object on the device. It is automatically enabled together with local schedulers, since
the two are always used together.
• Enable Scheduler Objects: This checkbox enables local LONMARK compliant
scheduler objects on the device. Checking this box will automatically enable the
calendar as well.
• Enable Remote AST Objects: This checkbox enables the functional object for NVs,
which are used to access remote AST objects. If this box is checked, the Clients
functional block is included in the static interface.
• Enable AST v2: This checkbox enables the AST interface version 2 for local
CEA-709 schedulers on the device. This interface is not compatible with older devices.
The new interface provides access to the value label descriptions in schedule presets
for remote schedulers.
• Number of calendar patterns: Specifies the maximum number of different exception
schedules (day classes like holiday, maintenance day) supported by this calendar
object.
• Total number of date entries: Specifies the maximum number of date definitions
which may be stored by the calendar. This is the sum of all date definitions from all
calendar entries. A date definition is for example a single date, a date range, or a week
and day pattern (every last Friday in April).
• Number of local schedulers: This is the number of local scheduler objects which
should be available on the device. Each local scheduler data point created in the data

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point manager will connect to one of these scheduler objects. There may be more
scheduler objects available on the device than are actually used at a certain time. It is a
good idea to have some spare scheduler objects ready, in case another scheduler is
needed.
• Number of daily schedules: This is the maximum number of schedules supported by
each scheduler object. This number must at least be 7, since a scheduler always needs
to provide one schedule for each day of the week (default weekly schedule). For each
special day defined by the calendar or embedded exception day, an additional daily
schedule is required to support it.
• Entries in Time/Value table: This is the total number of entries in each scheduler
defining a value template that should apply on a specific day starting at a specific time
(the time table).
• Number of value templates: This is the maximum number of value templates
supported by each scheduler.
• Data size per value template: This specifies the buffer size reserved to hold the data
for each value template. More data points or bigger data structures require a bigger
value buffer.
• Max. number of data point maps: Specifies the maximum number of individual data
points that this scheduler is able to control.

Figure 53: CEA-709 AST Project Settings.

As can be seen from the above list, it is not easy to configure a LONMARK scheduler object.
There are many technical parameters which need to be set and which require some
knowledge of how these scheduler objects work internally. Therefore, the configuration
software provides the following mechanisms to help in choosing the right settings:
• Resources required by the current project: The absolute minimum settings required
by the current project are shown in a table at the left side of the window. This data may
be used to fill in the values at the right side, but some additional resources should be
planned to allow for configuration changes which need more resources.
• Auto-Set: This button may be used to let the configuration software decide on the best
settings to use, based on the current project. Since the current projects resource usage
is taken as a starting point, all schedulers and calendar patterns in the project should
first be configured as required before this button is used.

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• Set Defaults: This button will choose standard values for all settings. In most cases,
these settings will provide more resources than necessary.

6.3.5 BACnet Settings

The BACnet configuration tab as shown in Figure 54 allows configuring properties of the
device’s BACnet port. The options are:
• Enable Unsolicited COV: Put a check mark on this option to enable COV-U on the
BACnet port. When active, the device sends unsolicited COV broadcast on all BACnet
objects, when their value changes in accordance to the respective COV rules.
• Always create value objects on auto-create: If activated, the auto-create BACnet
points function of the configuration software creates commandable value objects (AV,
BV, MV) instead of output objects (AO, BO, MO) and non-commandable value
objects (AV, BV, MV) instead of input objects (AI, BI, MI). This feature can be
activated if the regular input/output model is not desired.
• Use 255.255.255.255 for global broadcast: This setting overrides the standard
behavior of BACnet to send broadcasts as global IP broadcasts. This can solve
scanning problems with some BACnet devices.
• Enable periodic I-Am broadcast: This setting enables the periodic transmission of I-
Am broadcasts. Specify the interval in seconds. If disabled, the device sends an I-Am
only when starting up. This is the default behavior of BACnet devices.
• Encode all strings: This setting defines how strings in BACnet objects are encoded.
By default it is ASCII, which is compatible with most BACnet software. To support
characters of Western European languages, choose ISO-8859-1. To support Unicode
character sets (e.g., Japanese) select UCS-2.
• Default Poll cycle, Default COV Expiry: This setting defines the default values that
are used when creating new client mappings. Changing this option does not affect
already existing client mappings.

Figure 54: BACnet Project Settings.

6.4 Workflows for the L-Gate

This section discusses a number of work flows for configuring the L-Gate in different use
cases in addition to the simple use case in the quick-start scenario (see Section 2.3). The
description is intended to be high-level and is depicted in a flow diagram. The individual
steps refer to later Sections, which describe each step in more detail. In principle, the
L-Gate Configurator supports the following use cases:
• Network Management Tool based on LNS 3.x (see Section 6.4.2)

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• Non-LNS 3.x network management tool with polling (see Section 6.4.3)
• Non-LNS 3.x network management tool with bindings (see Section 6.4.4)

6.4.1 Involved Configuration Files

In the configuration process, there are a number of files involved:
• XIF file: This is the standard file format to exchange the static interface of a device.
This file can be used to create a device in the database without having the L-Gate on-
line. There exists a standard XIF file for the FT port (L-Gate-900 FT-10.xif) and one
for the IP-852 port (L-Gate-900 10L.xif).
• L-Gate Configurator project file: This file contains all ports, data points, and
connections of a project. These files end with “.gtw”. It stores all relevant
configuration data and is intended to be saved on a PC to backup the L-Gate’s data
point configuration.

6.4.2 Configure with LNS

The flow diagram in Figure 55 shows the steps that need to be followed in order to
configure the L-Gate in a network with LNS 3.x. In this scenario the L-Gate will use
dynamic NVs and bindings.

First, the L-Gate device must be added to LNS (see Section 6.4.6). Then the L-Gate
Configurator must be started in plug-in mode to configure the L-Gate (see Section 6.7.1).
In the Configurator scan for the data points in the LNS database (see Section 6.7.4). Select
the NVs that the L-Gate shall expose to BACnet (see Section 6.7.7). Generate BACnet
objects and connections from the used NVs (see Section 6.7.11). Finally, the configuration
needs to be downloaded onto the L-Gate (see Section 6.7.13). It is recommended to save
the complete configuration to a disk file for being able to replace an L-Gate in the network.

START

Add L-Gate
Section 6.5

Start the Configurator as a plug-in

Section 6.7.1

Scan network variables

Section 6.7.4

Select NVs and use on L-Gate

Section 6.7.7

Generate BACnet objects

Section 6.7.11

Download configuration to L-Gate

Section 6.7.13

DONE

Figure 55: Basic design-flow with LNS.

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To add more NVs when all bindings are in place and the L-Gate is being used simply
repeat the steps described above. The Configurator software will back up the bindings,
create or delete the dynamic NVs, and re-create the bindings again.

6.4.3 Configure without LNS

The flow diagram in Figure 56 shows the steps that need to be followed in order to
configure the L-Gate without LNS 3.x. In this scenario the L-Gate will use external NVs
and polling. The advantage of this solution is that no bindings in the non-LNS tool (or self-
binding nodes) need to be changed. This comes at the cost of a constant network load
caused by polling.

Start the Configurator in stand-alone mode and connect to the L-Gate via the FTP method
(see Section 6.7.2). If changing an existing configuration upload the current configuration
from the L-Gate (see Section 4). In the Configurator import data points from a CSV import
file (see Section 6.7.5) or scan an CEA-709 network online (see Section 6.7.6). Select the
NVs that the L-Gate shall expose to BACnet (see Section 6.7.7). Alternatively, you can
create external NVs manually (see Section 6.7.10). Generate BACnet objects and
connections from the used NVs (see Section 6.7.11). Finally, the configuration needs to be
downloaded onto the L-Gate (see Section 6.7.13). It is recommended to save the complete
configuration to a disk file for being able to replace an L-Gate in the network.

START

Start the Configurator stand-alone

Section 6.7.2

Upload configuration
Section 6.7.3

Import network variables from file Scan NVs online from network
Section 6.7.5 Section 6.7.6

Select NVs and use on L-Gate

Section 6.7.7

Create other external NVs manually

Section 6.7.10

Generate BACnet objects

Section 6.7.11

Download configuration to L-Gate

Section 6.7.13

DONE

Figure 56: Basic design-flow without LNS.

6.4.4 Configure without LNS Using Bindings

The flow diagram in Figure 57 shows the steps that need to be followed in order to
configure the L-Gate without LNS 3.x. In this scenario the L-Gate will use static NVs and
bindings. The advantage of this solution is that the network load is minimized. However,
the non-LNS management tool must create bindings for the L-Gate and update an existing
network.

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Start the L-Gate Configurator in stand-alone mode and connect to the L-Gate via the FTP
method (see Section 6.7.2). In the Configurator import data points from a CSV import file
(see Section 6.7.5) or scan a CEA-709 network online (see Section 6.7.6). Select the NVs
that the L-Gate shall expose to BACnet (see Section 6.7.7). For the NVs used on the
L-Gate select the “static NV” allocation type (see Section 6.7.8). Alternatively, you can
create static NVs manually (see Section 6.7.9).

For network management tools, which do not support the ECS (enhanced command set)
network management commands, the legacy network management mode must be
configured (see Section 6.7.15). Please contact the tool’s vendor for information whether
ECS is supported or not.

Generate BACnet objects and connections from the used NVs (see Section 6.7.11).
Download the configuration onto the L-Gate (see Section 6.7.13). Finally, export a XIF file
(see Section 6.7.14). It is recommended to save the complete configuration to a disk file for
being able to replace an L-Gate in the network.

START

Start the Configurator stand-alone

Section 6.7.2

Import network variables from file Scan NVs online from network
Section 6.7.5 Section 6.7.6

Select NVs and use on L-Gate

Section 6.7.7

Switch NVs to „static“

Section 6.7.8

Create other static NVs manually

Section 6.7.9

Tool supports
no
ECS ?

Enable Legacy NM Mode

Section 6.7.15
yes

Generate BACnet objects

Section 6.7.11

Download configuration to L-Gate

Section 6.7.13

Export XIF file

Section 6.7.14

DONE

Figure 57: Basic design-flow without LNS using bindings.

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To use the L-Gate in the non-LNS management tool, commission the L-Gate using the
exported XIF file and create the bindings.

When changing a running L-Gate configuration with existing bindings, it is recommended

to create additional data points as external NVs with polling as described in Section 6.4.3.
Otherwise, a new XIF file needs to be exported and replacing the L-Gate in the non-LNS
tool requires the user to create all bindings again from scratch (see Section 5.5.2).

6.4.5 Replace an L-Gate

An L-Gate can be replaced in the network by another unit. This might be necessary, if a
hardware defect occurs. First of all, the replacement L-Gate needs to be configured with the
appropriate IP settings, including all relevant BACnet device settings. The remainder of
this section focuses on the L-Gate data point configuration. The work flow is depicted in
Figure 58.

START

Start the Configurator stand-alone

Section 6.7.2

Load a saved L-Gate project file

Download configuration to L-Gate

Section 6.7.13

Replace L-Gate
Section 6.6

Reboot the L-Gate

Section 4.4

DONE

Figure 58: Basic work flow to configure a replacement device.

Start the L-Gate Configurator software stand-alone and connect via the FTP method (see
Section 6.7.2). Then load the L-Gate configuration project file from disk, which has been
saved when the original L-Gate has been configured or modified. Double-check, if the data
point configuration seems sensible. Then download the configuration to the L-Gate (see
Section 6.7.13).

If using an LNS-based tool, the L-Gate device needs to be replaced in that tool (see Section
6.6). If you are not using LNS, then refer to your network management tool’s reference
manual on how to replace a device. After replacing the device in the network management
tool, reboot the L-Gate (see Section 4.4)

6.4.6 Configure from BACnet

The flow diagram in Figure 59 shows the steps that need to be followed in order to
configure the L-Gate from the BACnet side. In this scenario the L-Gate will be configured
with BACnet data points from the BACnet network. The CEA-709 side of the gateway has
to be engineered as described in the previous section, but without automatic BACnet object

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creation. The remainder of this section assumes that NVs and the static interface have been
configured already.

Start the L-Gate Configurator in stand-alone mode and connect to the L-Gate via the FTP
method (see Section 6.7.2). In the Configurator use the BACnet network scan to find
BACnet objects in the network (see Section 6.10.1) or import BACnet objects from an
EDE file (see Section 6.10.2). Select the remote BACnet objects, that the L-Gate shall
access and use them on the device to create client mappings on the L-Gate (see Section
6.10.3). Alternatively, you can create BACnet server objects manually (see Section 6.10.5).

Once the BACnet client mappings or server objects have been created on the BACnet port,
connections need to be created (see Section 6.9.1). This has to be done manually by
selecting the BACnet object and the NV, where this BACnet object shall be exposed to.

START

Start the Configurator stand-alone

Section 6.7.2

Import BACnet objects from EDE file Scan BACnet online from network
Section 6.10.2 Section 6.10.1

Select BACnet objects and use on L-Gate

Section 6.10.3

Optional: Create BACnet server objects

Section 6.10.5

Create Connections Manually

Section 6.9.1

Download configuration to L-Gate

Section 6.7.13

DONE

Figure 59: Basic design-flow from BACnet.

6.5 Adding L-Gate

To configure an L-Gate in your LonMaker drawing, the device needs to be added to the
LNS database and commissioned. This Section refers to LonMaker TE and describes how
to add an L-Gate to your database.

To Add a Device to LonMaker TE

1. In your LonMaker drawing, drag a device stencil into the drawing. Enter an
appropriate name as shown in Figure 60.

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Figure 60: Create a new device in the drawing.

2. Select Commission Device if the device is already connected to the network.

3. In the Device Template group box select the existing device template of the L-Gate.
Select “L-Gate-900 FT-10”, if the L-Gate is configured to use the FT-10 interface, or
“L-Gate-900 IP-10L”, if the L-Gate is configured to be on the IP channel. For
information on how to configure which port to use, refer to Section 4.2.5 for the Web
UI.

4. Select the channel, which the device is connected to and click Next.

5. The following dialog shown in Figure 61 appears, click Next.

Figure 61: Leave defaults for Location.

6. Check Service Pin as the device identification method as shown in Figure 62 and click
Next.

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Figure 62: Use Service Pin.

7. Click Next in the following screens until you get to the final dialog shown in Figure
63.

8. If the device is already on-net, select Online.

Figure 63: Final dialog.

9. Click Finish. A dialog will prompt to press the service pin.

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10. Finally, you should get the device added to your drawing as depicted in Figure 64.

LNS Network Interface

lgate

Channel FT-10

Figure 64: The L-Gate has been added to the drawing.

6.6 Replace an L-Gate

This Section describes how to replace an L-Gate in your LNS database. The description
refers to LonMaker TE. Let’s assume there is a device ‘lgate’ in the LNS database as
shown in Figure 65.

Figure 65: LonMaker drawing with one L-Gate.

To Replace a Device in LonMaker TE

1. Select the device and right-click on the device shape.

2. Select Commissioning Æ Replace…. This opens the LonMaker Replace Device

Wizard as shown in Figure 66.

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Figure 66: LonMaker replace device wizard.

3. Choose the existing device template and click Next.

4. In the following window shown in Figure 67 click Next.

Figure 67: Click Next without loading an application image.

5. Then select Online as shown in Figure 68 and click Next.

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Figure 68: Select online state.

6. Select the Service pin method and click on Finish as shown in Figure 69.

Figure 69: Select Service Pin and click Finish.

7. Then the service pin requestor opens as shown in Figure 70. Press the service pin on
the replacement L-Gate on the correct port. You can also send the service pin using the
Web interface (see Section 4.1).

Figure 70: Wait for the service pin from the device.

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8. After the service pin has been received, LonMaker commissions the replacement
device, creates the dynamic NVs again (if any), and installs the bindings.

6.7 Using the L-Gate Configurator

6.7.1 Starting as an LNS Plug-In
In LonMaker the plug-in is started by right-clicking on the L-Gate device shape or the
Gateway functional block and selecting Configure… from the pop-up window.

In NL-220 the Plug-in is started by right clicking on the L-Gate node, then selecting the
Option LOYTEC L-Gate Configurator in the PlugIns sub menu.

In Alex the Plug-in is started by right-clicking on the L-Gate device and selecting the
LOYTEC L-Gate Configurator in the Starte PlugIn sub menu.

A window similar to what is shown in Figure 71 should appear.

Figure 71: L-Gate Configurator main window.

6.7.2 Starting Stand-Alone

The L-Gate can also be used without LNS-based tools. In this case, the L-Gate
Configurator needs to be started as a stand-alone application. Go to the Windows Start
menu, select Programs, LOYTEC L-Gate Configurator and then click on Configure
L-Gate. This starts the L-Gate Configurator and the main connections screen is displayed.

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If the L-Gate is not yet connected to the network, go to the Firmware menu and select the
firmware version of the L-Gate to be configured. If the L-Gate is already connected to the
network it is recommended to connect the configuration software to the L-Gate.

To Connect to an L-Gate Stand-Alone

1. Select the FTP connection method by clicking on the FTP connect button

in the tool bar of the main connections window. The FTP connect dialog as shown in
Figure 72 opens.

Figure 72: FTP connection dialog.

2. Enter the IP address of the L-Gate, the user and password. The default user is ‘admin’
and the default password is ‘admin’.

3. Optionally, click into the Recent Connections field and enter a user-defined name for
this connection. That name can be selected later to connect. Click on Save to store that
connection.

4. If your device is located behind a NAT router of firewall, you may change the FTP and
Telnet ports to your needs for accessing the device. Clicking Save also stored these
settings.

5. Click on Connect. This establishes the connection to the device.

6.7.3 Uploading the Configuration

To get the current network variable configuration of the L-Gate, the port interface needs to
be uploaded. This will upload the entire configuration from the L-Gate, including data
points, dynamic NVs and schedules.

To Upload a Configuration

1. Click on the Upload Configuration button

in the tool bar. The configuration upload dialog opens up as shown in Figure 73.

2. If the check-box Automatically sync local dynamic NVs is marked, any manually
created dynamic NVs will be uploaded and merged into the data point configuration.

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3. Click on the button Start to start the transfer. This will upload the configuration of all
ports, if the software is connected stand-alone via FTP or the network variable
interface, for which the LNS plug-in was started for.

Figure 73: Configuration upload dialog.

4. When asked, if schedules shall be uploaded also, click Yes, if you want the current
schedule configuration be extracted from the device. Note, that when doing so, the
original schedules in the project are replaced by the uploaded schedules.

5. If dynamic NVs were synchronized, click on Finish.

6.7.4 Scanning for Network Variables

When the Configurator software is connected to an LNS database, network variables can
be scanned in from that data base.

To scan network variables from the LNS database

1. Click on the Datapoints tab.

2. Click on the button Scan channel. This scans in all NVs on all devices connected
to the CEA-709 channel of the device.

3. After the scan has completed, the folder LNS Database Scan is populated with the
found NVs. Data point names for those NVs are automatically generated, following the
data point naming rules defined in the project settings (see Section 6.3.2). By default
the name is generated from node name, object name, and NV name. These names are
ensured to be unique by adding a counter for multiple occurrences of the same name.

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Figure 74: Scanned NVs in the LNS Database Scan Folder

Figure 74 shows an example result of the database scan. The list can be sorted by each
column. Selecting a line will display a number of associated properties in the property view
below. Multiple items can be selected by using the <Ctrl> key and clicking with the mouse.
All items can be selected by pressing <Ctrl-A>.

6.7.5 Importing Network Variables

Without LNS, the tool cannot connect to an LNS database, where it scans for network
variables (NVs). Therefore, the list of NVs to be used on the L-Gate has to be available in a
CSV file. This file can be produced by external software or created by hand. The CSV
format for importing NVs is defined in 7.2.1.

To Import NVs from a File

1. Click on the Datapoints tab.

2. Select the folder CEA709 CSV File

3. Right-click and select Import File. In the following file selector dialog, choose the
CSV import file and click Ok.

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Figure 75: Imported NVs

4. Now the CSV File folder is populated with the imported NVs as shown in Figure 75.

The list can be sorted by each column. Selecting a line will display a number of associated
properties in the property view below. Multiple items can be selected by using the <Ctrl>
key and clicking with the mouse. All items can be selected by pressing <Ctrl-A>.

6.7.6 Scanning NVs online from the Network

L-Gate devices also support an online network scan on the CEA-709 network. In this scan
the device searches for other devices on the CEA-709 network and pulls in NV information
of these devices. These NVs can then be used instead of importing them from a CSV file.

To scan NV online of the CEA-709 network

1. Click on the Datapoints tab.

2. Select the folder CEA709 Network Scan.

3. Right-click on that folder and select Scan CEA709/852 Network…. This opens the
CEA709/852 Network Scan dialog as shown in Figure 76.

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Figure 76: CEA-709 network scan dialog.

4. If the device has not been installed with a network management tool (e.g. LNS-based
tool), select the Manually set domain check-box and click the Set button. This sets
the device configured, online to start the scan.

Note: You need to set the same domain as the devices to be scanned. Click Get Domain from
Network and press a service pin on some other, already installed device to retrieve the
domain information before setting the device online.

5. Click on the button Discover Devices. This starts a network scan. The results are put
in the device list box.

6. Alternatively, click the button Discover on Service Pin. Then press the service pin of
a particular device on the network. This device will be added to the device list.

7. Select a device in the device list. To give the device a usable name, enter the name
below and click on the Set button.

8. Then click the button Scan. This scans the NVs on the selected device and adds them
to the CEA709/852 Network Scan folder as a separate sub-folder for the device as
shown in Figure 77.

Tip! If you are not sure, which device you have selected, click on Wink Device. The selected
device will execute its wink sequence.

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Figure 77: CEA-709 network scan results.

9. Click Close when all devices needed have been scanned.

6.7.7 Select and Use Network Variables

Data points in the CEA709 LNS Scan folder, the CEA709 Network Scan folder or in the
CEA709 CSV File folder can be selected for use on the device. Select those NVs, which
shall be exposed to BACnet objects.

To Use NVs on the Device

1. Go to any of the CEA709 LNS Scan, CEA709 Network Scan or the CEA709 CSV
File folder.

2. Use the multi-select feature by holding the Shift or Ctrl keys pressed.

3. Click on the button Use on Device in the tool bar.

4. This creates data points in the L-Gate/CEA709 Port folder. All data points in that
folder will actually be created on the L-Gate device after downloading the
configuration.

Tip! Data points can be edited by selecting a single point or using multi-select. The available
properties to be edited are displayed in the property view below.

6.7.8 Change the NV Allocation

After selecting the Use on device action on scanned or imported NVs they are assigned a
default NV allocation in the L-Gate/CEA709 port folder. This default allocation can be
changed, e.g., for imported NVs when they shall be allocated as static NVs on the L-Gate.

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To Change the NV Allocation Type

1. In the data point view select the NVs in the L-Gate/CEA709 port folder, for which the
NV allocation shall be changed.

Tip! By using Ctrl-A all NVs can be selected.

2. Select the NV allocation property as indicated by the red rectangle in Figure 78.

3. To make the data points static NVs on the L-Gate, select Static NV.

Figure 78: Change the NV allocation type.

6.7.9 Create Static NVs

The L-Gate can be configured to change its static interface and boot with a new one. Apart
from creating static NVs from scanned or imported data points, static NVs can also be
created manually in the L-Gate/CEA-709 folder.

To Create Static NVs Manually

1. Select the L-Gate/CEA-709 Port/Datapoint folder

2. Right-click in the data point list and select New Datapoint… in the context menu.
This opens the NV creation dialog as shown in Figure 79.

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Figure 79: Create a static NV manually.

3. Enter a data point name and a programmatic name. The programmatic name is the
name of the static NV, which is being created, while the data point name is used for
exposing the NV as a BACnet object.

4. Select a resource file. To create a SNVT let the STANDARD resource file be selected.

5. Select a SNVT and a direction. If a non-standard resource file has been selected,
choose from one of the UNVTs.

6. Choose a functional block where this static NV shall be located in.

7. Click Create Static NV. The static NV is created and appears in the data point list.

8. Note, that the static interface of the L-Gate will change as soon as static NVs are added
or modified in the data point manager. This change is reflected in a new model
number, which the L-Gate will have after the configuration download (see Section
5.5.2). Also note that the manually created static NVs are not bound automatically by
the L-Gate Configurator. They simply appear on the device and need to be bound in
the network management tool.

6.7.10 Create External NVs

External NVs are not actually allocated NVs on the L-Gate. Instead, the L-Gate uses
polling to read data from and explicit updates to write data to external NVs. Since external
NVs are not affecting the static NV interface of the L-Gate, they can be used to extend an
L-Gate’s interface configuration at run-time, when no LNS with dynamic NVs is available.

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To Create an external NV manually

1. Select the L-Gate/CEA-709 Port/Datapoints folder

2. Right-click in the data point list and select New Datapoint… in the context menu.
This opens the NV creation dialog.

3. Click on the tab External as shown in Figure 80.

Figure 80: Create a new external NV.

4. Select the device in the box Select a Device on the left-hand side.

5. Enter the properties of the external NV on that device, starting with the local data point
name, the remote programmatic NV name, the NV type (SNVT) and direction. Note,
that the direction is the direction of the external NV on the L-Gate. Therefore, the
remote output NV nvo00_switch becomes an input on the L-Gate. Also enter the NV
selector in hexadecimal and the NV index in decimal. Choose the preferred addressing
mode, e.g., Node ID.

6. Click Create External NV to add this NV to the data point list.

7. The external NV now appears in the data point list as shown in Figure 81. For external
NVs which are inputs to the L-Gate, adapt the poll cycle property to your needs.

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Figure 81: Manually created external NV in the port interface definition.

6.7.11 Generate BACnet Objects

To actually create BACnet mappings from the used NVs on the L-Gate, use the data point
manager tab. This section describes how to automatically generate BACnet objects from
NVs. The auto-generation method also adds the NV and the BACnet object to a new
connection.

To generate BACnet objects and connections from NVs on the L-Gate

1. Go to the data point manager tab.

2. In the L-Gate/CEA-709 folder select all the NVs, which shall be mapped. The multi-
select feature or <Ctrl-A> may be used for doing this.

3. Click on the speed button Generate Points and auto-connect in the tool bar.

4. Alternatively, you can select the L-Gate/CEA-709 Port folder and click the speed
button Folder-wide Generate points and auto-connect in the tool bar. This
generates BACnet objects and connections for all NVs in the folder.

5. When the generation is complete, a dialog reports how many connections have been
created. Click No to skip the report.

6. The generated BACnet objects appear in the L-Gate/BACnet Port/Datapoints folder as

shown in Figure 82.

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Figure 82: Auto-created BACnet Points in the BACnet Folder

Note, when auto-creating the BACnet objects, the L-Gate Configurator initializes the
BACnet properties with default values derived from the properties of the CEA-709 NVs. In
particular, the object name, description, minimum and maximum present value, and
engineering units are generated. If the default properties do not have the desired values, the
user can edit them in the BACnet folder.

6.7.12 Create User Registers

User registers are data points on the device that do not have a representation on the
network. Thus, they are not accessible over a specific technology. A register merely serves
as a container for intermediate data (e.g., results of math objects). Since a register has no
network direction, it can be written and read. Therefore, two data points are generated for
each register, one for writing the register (output) and one for reading the register (input).

To Create a User Register

1. Select the L-Gate/User Registers folder

2. Right-click in the data point list and select New Datapoint… in the context menu.
This opens the register creation dialog as shown in Figure 83.

Figure 83: Create a user register.

3. Enter a Datapoint Name for the register. You may leave the Register Name blank to
give the underlying register the same name as the data point.

4. Select a Type. Available are “Double”, “Boolean”, or “Signed Integer”.

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5. Click Create Register.

6. Two data points now appear for the register, one for writing the register and one for
reading the register as shown in Figure 84.

Figure 84: Manually created user register.

6.7.13 Configuration Download

After the data points have been configured, the configuration needs to be downloaded to
the L-Gate. For doing so, the L-Gate must be online. If the L-Gate is not yet connected to
the network, the configuration can be saved to a project file on the local hard drive.

If connected via LNS, and the NVs on the L-Gate are “Static NV” or “Dynamic NV”, the
Late Configurator can create the bindings automatically. This behavior can be influenced
by the download dialog. When connected via LNS, the download procedure also manages
the device template upgrade in the LNS database, if the static NV interface has been
changed.

To Download a Configuration

1. Click on the Download Configuration button

in the tool bar. The configuration upload dialog opens up as shown in Figure 85.

2. If no bindings shall be generated, deselect the Automatically create bindings

checkbox indicated by the red circle in Figure 85.

3. If the static NV interface has been changed, a new model number for the L-Gate needs
to be selected. This is necessary, as the static network interface of the L-Gate changes
on the CEA-709 network. The L-Gateway configuration software automatically selects
a usable value, which can be overridden in the field Model Number marked by the
blue rectangle in Figure 85.

4. Click Start to start the download. Each of the actions is displayed in the Task List
section of the dialog. The current progress is indicated by the progress bar below.

5. When the download process has finished, a notification window appears, which has to
be acknowledged by clicking Ok.

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Figure 85: Configuration Download Dialog

Note, that after the download is complete, the interface changes become active on the
L-Gate (i.e., the static NV interface has changed). Refresh the network management tool to
synchronize the tool with the changes to the LNS database made by the L-Gate
Configurator (e.g., use the menu “LonMaker|Refresh” in LonMaker or hit F5 in NL-220).

Normally, the Configurator software optimizes the download process by not executing
certain LNS operations, if not necessary. For example, only those bindings and dynamic
NVs are deleted and re-created, which correspond to real changes in the interface. The user
can check the Force Full Upgrade option to clean and re-do all steps.

6.7.14 Build XIF for Port Interface

When using static NVs on the L-Gate, the L-Gateway configuration software can export a
new XIF file for the changed static interface.

To Create a XIF File

1. Select the CEA-709 Port folder

2. Right-click on that folder and in the context menu select Build XIF ….

3. This opens a file requestor where the XIF file name needs to be entered. Select a useful
name to identify the L-Gate, e.g. as “lgate1.xif”.

6.7.15 Enable Legacy NM Mode

For network management tools, which do not support the ECS (enhanced command set)
network management commands, the legacy network management mode must be
configured. Please contact the tool’s vendor for information whether ECS is supported or
not. Note, that changing to legacy network management mode changes the static interface
of the device.

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To Enable Legacy NM Mode

1. In the L-Gate Configurator menu go to Settings Æ Project settings …

2. Click on the tab CEA709.

3. Put a check mark in Enable Legacy Network Management Mode.

4. Click OK.

5. Download the configuration to activate the change.

6.7.16 Upload Dynamic NVs from Device

In LNS-based tools it is possible to create dynamic NVs on the device manually. This is a
possible workflow to engineer the NV interface of the device in the LNS database. To use
those manually created dynamic NVs, the L-Gateway configuration software must
synchronize its dynamic NV information with the port.

To Upload Dynamic NVs

1. Select the CEA-709 Port folder.

2. Right-click and select Sync Dynamic NVs in the context menu. The L-Gateway
configuration software then loads any new dynamic NVs, which have been created and
are not yet part of the port interface definition. The process completes when the dialog
shown in Figure 86 appears.

Figure 86: Synchronizing dynamic NVs from the device.

3. Click on Finish. The new dynamic NVs now appear in the data point list and can be
edited and used for creating BACnet objects and connections.

6.7.17 Upload the System Log

The system log on the device contains important log messages. Log messages are generated
for important operational states (e.g., last boot time, last shutdown reason) or errors at run-
time. This file is important for trouble-shooting and is available on the Web UI (see Section
4.3.1). The file can also be uploaded from the device with the L-Gate Configurator.

To Upload the System Log

1. Connect to the device via the FTP or LNS method (see Section 6.7.2).

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2. Click on the Upload system log button

in the tool bar. The upload system log dialog as shown in Figure 87 opens showing the
upload progress.

Figure 87: Upload system log dialog.

3. When the upload is finished, click on Show System Log. The system log window
appears as shown in Figure 88.

Figure 88: System log window.

4. Click on Save to store the system log into a file on your local hard drive.

6.8 Advanced CEA-709 Configuration

6.8.1 Working with Configuration Properties
Configuration properties (CPs) are supported by the LNS network scan and the online
network scan. They can be selected and used on the device in a similar way as NVs. There
is a notable difference to NVs: CPs are part of files on the remote nodes. Reading and
writing CPs on the L-Gate results in a file transfer.

The L-Gate supports both, the LONMARK file transfer and the simpler direct memory
read/write method. In both cases, however, one has to keep in mind that a file transfer
incurs more overhead than a simple NV read/write. Therefore, polling CPs should be done
at a much slower rate than polling NVs.

Another aspect is how CPs are handled by network management tools. Formerly, those
tools were the only instance that could modify CPs in devices. Therefore, most tools do not
automatically read back CPs from the devices when browsing them. This can result in
inconsistencies between the actual CP contents on the device and their copy in the network
management tool. It is recommended to synchronize the CPs from the device into the LNS
database before editing and writing them back.

To Synchronize CPs in NL220

1. Double-click on the device object in the device tree.

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2. Press the Upload button on the Configuration tab of the device properties (see Figure
89).

Figure 89: Configuration Tab for Configuration Properties in NL220.

To Synchronize CPs in LonMaker TE

1. Right-click on a device object and select Commissioning Æ Resync CPs… from the
context menu.

2. This opens the dialog shown in Figure 90.

Figure 90: Set Configuration Properties in LonMaker TE.

3. In this dialog select the radio button Upload values from device in the Operation
group box. To use the current settings of the device as default values for new devices,
select Set device template defaults from device.

4. Execute the operation by clicking the OK button.

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6.8.2 Install Unconfigured Devices

CEA-709 devices must be installed by a network management tool (e.g., LNS-based tool)
to be available for communication. To install a device, its domain information must be
written and the device must be set configured, online. If no network management tool is
available, the CEA-709 network scan can be used to install a small number of unconfigured
devices.

To Install Devices

1. Open the CEA-709 network scan dialog and scan for devices as described in Section
6.7.6.

2. Click the Install button. This opens the Install Devices dialog as shown in Figure 91.

Figure 91: Install devices dialog.

3. Select the device to be installed.

4. Enter the domain information or click Get Domain from Network and press a service
pin.

5. Enter a subnet and node address and click Install.

6. Repeat this step for other unconfigured devices on the network.

6.8.3 Using Feedback Data Points

Feedback data points allow reading back the value written out over an output data point. In
LONMARK systems getting a feedback value is normally accomplished by creating a
dedicated feedback NV on the device, which can be bound back to the devices that are
interested in the currently active value on an output.

Some nodes, however, do not possess such feedback NVs for certain functions. To support
getting feedback values on such nodes, the Configurator can create feedback data points
based on existing output data points. This is especially interesting for bound output NVs
(static and dynamic alike). The corresponding feedback data point is an input, which uses
the original output NV for polling the target NV. Once the binding is changed the new
target is polled. No additional input NV needs to be created for the feedback value, if the
feedback data point feature is used.

To Create a Feedback Data Point

1. Select an output data point in the data point list of the CEA-709 port folder, e.g.
‘nvoHumid101’.

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2. Right-click and choose Create Feedback-Point from the context menu.

3. A new input data point is created, having ‘_fb’ appended to the original name, e.g.,
‘nvoHumid101_fb’. Note, that the feedback data point maps to the same NV index as
the original output data point.

4. Choose an appropriate poll cycle in the data point properties for the feedback data
point.

6.8.4 Working with UNVTs, UCPTs

This device supports user-defined type, including user-defined network variable types
(UNVTs) and user-defined configuration property types (UCPTs). In order to interpret the
contents of user-defined types, the device resource files supplied by the vendor must be
added to the resource catalog on your PC.

Once the resource files are installed, the CEA-709 network scan and the LNS scan will
display the user-defined types from the resource files. Those data points can be used on the
device like regular, standard-type data points. Also manual creation of UNVTs can be
performed.

To Manually Create a Static UNVT

1. Perform the steps to manually create a static NV as described in Section 6.7.9.

2. When the Create New NV dialog appears, change the resource file from
‘STANDARD’ in the Resource File drop-down box to the desired, user-defined
resource file

3. Then select the desired UNVT from the Type drop-down list below. This list will
display the types of the selected resource file only.

4. Click Create Static NV to create the UNVT on the device.

6.9 Connections
6.9.1 Create a New Connection
After having configured the device’s network ports with data points, internal connections
between those data points can be created. Usually, the manual method to create a
connection is used to create n-way connections or connections for data points, where the
generate-and-auto-connect method cannot be applied.

A connection is an internal mapping in the device between input and output data points. A
connection always consists of one hub data point and one or multiple target data points.
Hub data points can be input or output. If the hub data point is an input, then the target data
points must be output and vice versa. All data points in the connection must be of a
compatible type.

To manually create a new connection

1. Click on the Connections tab

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in the tool bar of the main connections window and press Add Connection…. A new
connection is added to the connection list. Rename the connection if you want to do so.

2. Click on Select Hub… to select the hub point. This opens a list of all available data
points. Select one and press OK.

3. Then click on Add Target… Similar to 2) select all target data points. You may use
multi-select to select more than one data point at a time.

Note: By default only compatible data points are displayed. Sometimes compatible data points
are available as member points (e.g., a SNVT structure member). Click on to expand
the data point and select the desired member point.

4. Now the connection display contains a hub and two target data point as shown in
Figure 92.

Figure 92: Connection dialog with hub and target points.

6.9.2 Create Connections from a CSV File

A quick way to perform batch edit on connections is to export and import connections from
the connections CSV file. Each line in the connections CSV file identifies a connection.
The first column is the connection name. The second column specifies the hub data point.
The full path to the data point must be specified using the dot ‘.’ as the folder separator.
The third and following columns specify the target data points.

To Create Connection from a CSV File

1. Select the menu Tools Æ Export Connections …

2. Select an appropriate file name and export.

3. Edit the connections CSV file. An example is shown in Figure 93.

#connection_csv_ver,1
#ConnectionName,HubDPName,TargetDPName
nvoAbs_humid1,L-Gate.CEA709 Port.abs_humid1,L-Gate.BACnet Port.AO101
nvoAbs_humid2,L-Gate.CEA709 Port.abs_humid2,L-Gate.BACnet Port.AO102
nvoAbs_humid3,L-Gate.CEA709 Port.abs_humid3,L-Gate.BACnet Port.AO103
nvoAbs_humid4,L-Gate.CEA709 Port.abs_humid4,L-Gate.BACnet Port.AO104
Figure 93: Example Connection CSV File.

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4. Select the menu Tools Æ Import Connections …

5. If connections that are not part of the connection CSV file shall be deleted, click Yes
when prompted. Click No if the other connections shall be left as is.

6. Choose the file to import and click Ok.

7. When the import has completed, optionally view the log to check, which connections
have been added, modified, and deleted.

6.9.3 Modify Connections

Connections can be edited and deleted. This is also done in the Connections tab of the
main window. Editing connections does not influence the data point configuration. This
means, when deleting a connection or adding/removing data points to/from a connection,
the data points are not deleted.

To Edit a Connection

1. Change to the Connections tab of the main window.

2. Select the connection to edit. Then follow the steps as applied when creating a
connection.

3. To delete a target, select the target and click on Remove Target(s).

To Delete a Connection

1. Change to the Connections tab of the main window.

2. Select the connection for removal. Use multi-select to select more than one connection.

3. Click Remove.

6.9.4 Connection Overview

Select the Connection Summary tab to get a graphical representation of all connections. It
represents the two connected data points, their technology they are based on and the
direction of the connection. An example for the overview is shown in Figure 94.

Figure 94: Connections Summary.

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6.10 BACnet Configuration

6.10.1 Scan for BACnet Objects
LOYTEC devices also support an online network scan on the BACnet network. In this scan
the device searches for other devices on the BACnet network and pulls in the BACnet
object information of these devices. These BACnet objects can then be used on the device
as the basis for client mapping.

To Scan for BACnet Objects

1. Go to the Datapoints tab.

2. Select the folder BACnet Network Scan

3. Right-click on that folder and select Scan BACnet Network…. This opens the
BACnet Network Scan dialog as shown in Figure 95.

Figure 95: BACnet network scan dialog.

4. Click on the button Discover Devices. This starts a network scan. The results are put
in the device list box. A progress bar below indicates how many devices are being
scanned.

5. Select a device in the device list and click the button Scan Objects. This scans the
BACnet objects on the selected device and adds them to the BACnet Network Scan
folder as a separate sub-folder for the device as shown in Figure 96.

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Figure 96: BACnet network scan results.

6. Click Close when all devices needed have been scanned.

6.10.2 Import from EDE File

If the device is engineered offline or some of the required BACnet devices are not yet
online in the network, the engineering process can be done by importing a device and
object list from a set of EDE files. These objects also appear in the import folder and can
be later used on the device.

There are a set of EDE files. Select the main EDE file, e.g. device.csv. The EDE import
will also search for the other components, which must be named device-states.csv. Which
components are expected, please refer to Section 7.3.3. Example EDE files can be found in
the ‘examples’ directory of the LOYTEC Gateway Configuration software installation
directory.

To Import BACnet Objects from an EDE File

1. Go to the Datapoints tab.

2. Select the folder BACnet EDE File

3. Right-click and select Import File. In the following file selector dialog, choose the
EDE import file and click Ok.

4. Now the BACnet EDE File folder is populated with the imported BACnet objects.

6.10.3 Use Imported BACnet Objects

After BACnet objects have been imported (with a network scan or by importing from an
EDE file) the user can select the BACnet objects that the L-Gate shall access. When
executing the Use on device the configuration software allocates client mappings on the
device. These client mappings will read or write values from the BACnet objects in the
network.

In an additional step, there can be also server objects allocated on the device. These server
objects can be created automatically from converting a client mapping to a server object.
This is usually done, if the imported BACnet objects shall also be directly modified over
the BACnet network on the device itself.

To Use Imported BACnet Objects on the Device

1. Go to the Datapoints tab and select the desired BACnet objects in one of the import
folders.

2. Use the multi-select feature by holding the Shift or Ctrl keys pressed.

3. Click on the button Use on Device in the tool bar.

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4. This creates data points in the BACnet Port/Datapoints folder. All data points in that
folder will be created as client mappings. No server object is created automatically in
this case.

5. To also create server objects select the data points in question using the multi-select
feature. Then edit the property Allocate Server Object and set it to Yes.

6.10.4 Edit a Client Mapping

The client mapping information in BACnet data points can be edited after they have been
created. Usually, this is done to correct the remote BACnet object instance number.

To Edit a Client Mapping

1. Select the BACnet data point that has the client mapping to be edited.

2. On the Client Map property click the … button

3. This opens the Modify Client Mapping dialog as shown in Figure 97.

Figure 97: Modify Client Mapping Dialog.

4. Edit the target device by selecting a different device in the Mapped Device list. Edit
the target object instance number. For read client mappings edit the COV expiry or
Pollcycle setting. For write client maps edit the Write Priority. When finished click
Save Changes.

6.10.5 Create Server Object

On the BACnet port server objects can also be created manually. These BACnet objects are
visible on the BACnet network and can be modified by other devices. They appear as data
points in the BACnet/Datapoints folder.

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To Create Server Objects Manually

1. Select the BACnet Port/Datapoints folder

2. Right-click in the data point list and select New Datapoint… in the context menu.
This opens the Create New BACnet Point dialog as shown in Figure 98.

Figure 98: Create a Server Object manually.

3. In the Mandatory Properties enter a Datapoint Name and an Object Type.

Optionally, update the Instance No and select the Commandable check box for value
objects, if the value object shall be commandable from the network.

4. In the Optional Properties you may select Engineering Units for analog objects. For
all object types you can enter the Description. The Device Type can be left empty.

5. Click Create Server Object. The BACnet data point is created and appears in the data
point list.

6.10.6 Map other Properties than Present_Value

When creating a BACnet server object, the Present_Value property is mapped by the
created data point. That means writing and reading on the data point reads or writes the
Present_Value. If other properties shall be accessed, they must be added to the BACnet
server object’s data point.

To Add other Properties

1. Select the BACnet server object for adding properties.

2. Right-click on the data point and select Add/Remove BACnet properties … . The
dialog appears as shown in Figure 99.

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Figure 99: Dialog for adding/removing BACnet properties.

3. Check the additional properties. Checking the Read box will add an input data point,
checking the Write box will add an output data point.

4. Click Close. The selected data point can now be expanded with the plus icon and show
its additional properties as sub-data points.

5. To remove properties perform the same steps and uncheck the corresponding check-
boxes. Alternatively, select the property (or more) and press the Delete key.

6.10.7 Enable International Character Support

By default BACnet objects on the device contain ASCII strings in properties such as object
name, description, active/inactive text, state texts. This is the setting most third-party tools
are interoperable with. To support international character sets, the device can be configured
to expose strings as ISO-8895-1 (for most Western European languages) or UCS-2 (for
Unicode character sets such as Japanese).

To Enable International Character Support

1. In the Configurator software menu go to Settings Æ Project settings …. This opens

the Project Settings dialog.

2. Click on the tab BACnet.

3. Put a check mark either on ASCII (default), UCS-2 (Unicode, e.g., for Japanese), or
ISO-8859-1 (for Western European languages), as indicated by the red rectangle in
Figure 100.

4. Click Ok.

5. Download the configuration to activate the change.

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Figure 100: BACnet Project settings dialog.

6.11 E-Mail Templates

6.11.1 Create an E-Mail Template
E-Mail templates are used to assemble and transmit E-Mails when certain trigger
conditions occur. The E-Mail template contains the destination E-Mail address, the subject,
and text. Variable parameters can be added to the text by using data point sources. The
transmission of an E-Mail is triggered by one or more trigger data points. For setting up E-
Mails, the E-Mail account information has to be configured on the device, e.g. on the Web
UI (see Section 4.2.11).

To Create an E-Mail Template

1. Under the Global Objects folder, select the E-Mail Configuration sub-folder.

2. Right-click and select New E-Mail Template … from the context menu.

3. In the Configure E-Mail Template dialog, which is shown in Figure 101 enter the To
address and the Subject. Optionally, Cc and Bcc addresses can be specified.

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Figure 101: Configure E-Mail Template Dialog.

4. Enter text in the E-Mail Text multi-line field.

5. If the E-Mail text shall contain values of data points, add data points to the Data
Sources list by clicking the Add… button.

6. A data point selector dialog opens. Select one or more data points and click Ok. The
selected data point appears in the Data Sources list.

7. A data point selector dialog opens. Select one or more data points and click Ok. The
selected data point appears in the Data Sources list.

8. Select the data point in the Data Sources list. In the drop-down box underneath select
Selected Data Source Value and click the Paste to Text button.

9. A place holder %{v1} for the data point value appears now in the E-Mail text.

6.11.2 Trigger E-Mails

E-Mail templates are used to assemble and transmit E-Mails when certain trigger
conditions occur. For an E-Mail template, one or more trigger conditions can be defined.
The E-Mail will be sent, when one of the trigger conditions is activated. Depending of the
trigger data point type, the trigger conditions can be refined.

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Note, that the behavior of the trigger data point is influenced by the COV properties of the
data point. If the Only notify on COV property is checked, the data point triggers only if
its value changes to the value of the trigger condition. If that property is not checked, the
data point triggers on every write with a value that matches the trigger condition.

The trigger for sending an E-Mail can be enabled or disabled altogether by using an enable
data point. This data point must be of type binary. If the value of that enable data point is
TRUE, the trigger conditions are evaluated. If the value of the enable is FALSE, no E-
Mails are be triggered.

To Create an E-Mail Trigger

1. Under the Global Objects folder, select the E-Mail Configuration sub-folder.

2. Right-click and select Configure E-Mail Template … from the context menu.

3. Change to the Mail Triggers tab.

Note: Of course, you can also change directly to the Mail Triggers tab when creating an E-Mail
template.

4. Click the Add… button. A data point selection dialog opens.

5. Select one or more data point and click Ok.

6. The triggers appear now in the Mail Triggers list. The data points that server as E-
Mail triggers also appear with the E-Mail icon in the data point list.

7. In the Manage Trigger Conditions you can refine the trigger condition depending on
the trigger data point class.

8. If the trigger condition is depending on the value of an enabling data point, you can
add an enable data point by clicking on the … button.

9. To remove such a trigger enable, click the Remove Enable Trigger button.

6.11.3 Attachments
E-Mail templates can be configured to have file attachments. Basically, any file of the
device can be specified as an attachment.

To Configure Attachments

1. Under the Global Objects folder, select the E-Mail Configuration sub-folder.

2. Right-click and select Configure E-Mail Template … from the context menu.

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3. Change to the Attachments tab.

Note: Of course, you can also change directly to the Attachments tab when creating an E-Mail
template.

4. Select an available file from the Attach File drop-down box.

5. Click the Add button. The file appears in the Attachments list.

6. To remove an attachment, select the attachment file in the Attachments list and click
the button Remove.

6.11.4 Limit E-Mail Send Rate

The transmission of E-Mails is triggered by the configured trigger conditions. It is not
predictable, how often the trigger condition will cause the transmission of an E-Mail. The
E-Mail template can be configured to limit the number of transmitted E-Mails. This is done
in the Configure E-Mail Template dialog.

To configure an E-Mail Rate Limit, configure the settings:

• Max. E-Mails per day: This setting defines how many e-mails can be sent on average
per day. The actual number of transmitted e-mails on a specific day may be slightly
higher than this setting, depending on burst rates. The default is 100 e-mails per day.
This results in an average interval of one e-mail per 14 minutes.
• Send burst count: This setting defines how many e-mails may be transmitted shortly
after each other not limited by the above average interval. After the burst count, the
average mails per day limit takes effect. The default is a maximum of 20 e-mails in a
row.

6.12 Local Schedule and Calendar

6.12.1 Create a Calendar
As the first step, the required data points must be created. A calendar must be created, if the
schedules shall work with exception days, such as “Holidays”. If it suffices for schedules to
define daily schedules for normal weekdays only, no calendar needs to be created. On each
port, one calendar can be created.

To Create a Calendar

1. Under the port folder, select the Calendar sub-folder.

2. Right-click in the data point list view and select New local Calendar ….

3. In the Create New Calendar dialog box (as shown in Figure 102) enter Name and
Description of the calendar.

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Figure 102: Create New Calendar dialog box.

4. Click Ok. The calendar appears now in the data point list view.

6.12.2 Create Calendar Pattern

When a local calendar is used, it needs to be configured with calendar patterns. A cleandar
pattern represents a class of days such as “Holidays”. The calendar patterns can then be
used in a schedule to define daily schedules for exception days. The available calendar
patterns should be created when the system configuration is engineered. The actually dates
in the calendar patterns can be modified later at run-time.

To Create a Calendar Pattern

1. Select an existing calendar data point.

2. Right-click and select Create Calendar Pattern…

3. Enter a Pattern Name in the Create Calendar Pattern dialog

4. Click Create Pattern. The dialog closes and the calendar pattern appears beneath the
calendar data point.

6.12.3 Create a Local Scheduler

For scheduling data points, a scheduler object must be created. On each port, multiple local
scheduler objects can be created. These local schedulers can then be configured to schedule
data points.

To Create a Local Scheduler

1. Under the port folder, select the Scheduler sub-folder.

2. Right-click in the data point list view and select New Local Scheduler ….

3. Enter a name for the schedule and a description. Note, that the schedule automatically
detects a calendar, if it has previously been created.

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4. Click Create Schedule. The new schedule appears in the data point list of the
Scheduler sub-folder.

6.12.4 Configure Scheduled Data Points

When a local scheduler has been created, it needs to be configured, which data points it
shall schedule. This is done by attaching data points to the scheduler. Note, that there may
be limits, how many and which data points may be attached (see Section 5.5.3).

This configuration must be done as an initial setup. Which data points are scheduled cannot
be changed at run-time. The daily schedules, however, can be changed later in the Web UI
or over the network.

To Attach Data Points to a Scheduler

1. Select the scheduler data point in the Scheduler sub-folder.

2. Right-click and select Configure Schedule from the context menu. The same dialog
which appears when a new scheduler is created is shown and allows to configure the
scheduler. Of course, this step can also be done directly when the point is created.

3. Select the tab Scheduled Datapoints.

4. Click the button Attach Datapoints . This opens another data point selector window.

5. Select the data points to attach and click Ok. For each of the attached data points, one
or more lines appear in the list below the attach button. If the attached point is a
structure, there will be one line for each element of the structure.

Tip! Data points can also be attached to a scheduler by selecting a data point in the data point
manager, drag it onto a scheduler data point and drop it on the scheduler data point.

6. Enter a Description text in the second column of each line. This text will be shown
when the user changes a value set on the device later on.

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7. Add new value presets by entering a name and pressing the Create button next to the
input field.

Tip! To generate presets automatically for multi-state data points, click the Auto-Create button.
This button is available, if no other presets have been defined yet.

8. For each new preset, a new column will appear in the list. In this column, enter the
desired value for each of the attached points, which will be set when this value
template is scheduled. The user may later edit the values for each preset on the device
but cannot add new value presets unless there is only one line (one value) in the list.

9. If there are multiple output values which belong together, they can be grouped in order
to save space on the device. For each group, the entered value is stored only once,
even if there are more data points in the same group.

10. When done with the point and value setup, switch back to the Configuration tab or
click Save Changes to leave the dialog.

Tip! A shortcut to creating a scheduler object and attaching a data point is to select a data
point in the data point manager, right-click on it and choose Schedule Datapoint from the
context menu. This generates a scheduler and links that data point to it.

6.12.5 Configure Daily Schedules

Once a scheduler is configured with attached data points and value presets, the daily
schedules can be defined. This can be done on the device or over the network at run-time,
or also in the configuration software. A daily schedule defines the time and value
sequences in a 24-hour period starting at 00:00 and ending at 23:59 hours. For each
weekday its own daily schedule can be configured.

In addition, daily schedules can be configured for exception days from a calendar, such as
“Holidays”. An exception day always overrides a normal weekday. If more than one
exception day is used, a priority must be assigned. This is necessary so that the system
knows which schedule to follow on a day which is part of more than one calendar pattern.

To Configure a Daily Schedule

1. Open the Configure Schedule dialog and click on the Configuration tab (see Section
6.12.4).

2. Select the day for which to configure a daily schedule.

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3. Select a value preset in the Available Data Presets box on the upper right-hand side.

4. Drag and drop the preset from this list into the time table area to define the desired
output values on the day schedule.

5. Completed daily schedules may be copied to other days using the Copy to button. For
example, the Monday may serve as the template for a regular work day and be copied
to Tuesday till Friday. Then click Ok.

To Use Exception Days

1. Select a calendar pattern, which shall be used as an exception day and place a
checkmark on it.

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2. Edit the daily schedule.

3. If more than one calendar pattern is used, edit the priorities. For example, if a given
calendar day falls in both categories, “Holidays” and “Maintenance”, the exception
day with the higher priority becomes effective on that day. The highest available
priority is marked highest. Note, that the actual priority values depend on the
technology (see Section 5.5.3).

Important! Choose different priorities for different exceptions. If two exceptions are valid for a given
day and their priorities are equal, it is not determined, which exception is in effect.

6.12.6 Configure Exception Days

When a local calendar is used, its calendar patterns need to be configured with exception
days (pattern entries). The calendar patterns can be configured in the L-Gateway
configuration software or be modified at run-time over the Web UI or over the network.
When configuring in the software, the current exception days should be uploaded from the
device, to work on the current configuration.

To Configure a Calendar Pattern

1. Click on the Upload calendar/scheduler configuration button

in the tool bar of the main connections window. Click Ok when the upload is finished.

2. Select the Calendar sub-folder and select the calendar pattern, which shall be
configured

3. Right-click and select Configure Pattern … in the context menu.

4. The Configure Pattern dialog appears as shown in Figure 103. Add dates to the
calendar pattern by entering a Date Configuration. Then click Add Entry. The date
appears in the Pattern Entries list on the right-hand side.

5. Edit an exception by selecting the pattern entry in the Pattern Entries list. Then
modify the date configuration in the Date Configuration group box.

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Figure 103: Configure Calendar Pattern Dialog.

6. Click Save Changes when all exception days have been entered.

Tip! When not sure, how a date configuration affects the calendar days, click on a pattern in the
Pattern Entries list and the affected days will be highlighted in the Preview.

6.12.7 Configure Embedded Exceptions

Besides exception days of the calendar, special exception days can be embedded into the
scheduler. These embedded exception days are not visible or accessible in other scheduler
objects.

To Configure an Embedded Exception

1. Open the Configure Schedule dialog to configure daily schedules as described in

Section 6.12.4.

2. Click on the Create button below the Weekly/Exception Schedule Configuration list

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3. The Create Pattern dialog opens. You can enter exactly one pattern entry for the
embedded exception. It is recommended to choose a descriptive name for the day, e.g.
‘24_12’xx’ for every 24th of December.

4. Click Create Pattern. The embedded exception is now available.

6.12.8 Configure Control Data Points

A scheduler object can be configured to use special control data points. An enable/disable
data point can be configured, which enables or disables the scheduler depending on its
Boolean value. An enable/disable feedback data point is updated with the current enabled
state of the scheduler. This also reflects and an enable from the network. The Preset Name
data point can be attached to be updated with the name of the currently active preset.

To Configure Control Data Points

1. Open the Configure Schedule dialog to configure daily schedules as described in

Section 6.12.4.

2. Go to the Scheduled Datapoints tab.

3. In the Control Datapoints group box, click the button to add the desired control
data point. A data point selection dialog opens.

4. Select a matching data point and click OK. For the preset name a string data point
must be selected.

5. To remove an undesired control data point, click on the Remove button.

6.12.9 Using the SNVT_tod_event

The SNVT_tod_event can be used in a schedule for implementing the next-state feature.
The parts of this network variable contain:

• Current state: This is the currently scheduled occupancy state.

• Next state: This is the next, future occupancy state in the schedule.

• Time to next state: This part reflects the time in minutes until the next state becomes
active.

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To Use a SNVT_tod_event

1. Create a SNVT_tod_event in the data point configuration.

2. Add the SNVT_tod_event to the scheduled data points of a scheduler as described in

Section 6.12.4.

3. All three parts of the SNVT_tod_event are scheduled.

6.12.10 Using the Local Scheduler

Once the setup of the local scheduler is done, it is basically operational. It will immediately
start to work based on the configuration data downloaded through the configuration
software. You can verify the daily schedules and values of scheduled data points on the
Web UI (see Section 4.2.14). The local schedule can be altered over the Web UI or using
the network technology of the port, where the scheduler has been created.

6.13 Local Alarming

6.13.1 Create an Alarm Server
To generate local alarms, an alarm server needs to be created at first. The local alarm
sources will report alarms to that alarm server. The alarm server is the interface to access
local alarms. This can be done over the network or the Web UI.

To Create an Alarm Server

1. Under the port folder, select the Alarm sub-folder.

2. Right-click in the data point list view and select New Alarm Server ….

3. In the Create New Alarm Server dialog box (as shown in Figure 104) enter Name
and Description of the alarm server.

Figure 104: Create New Alarm Server dialog box.

4. Click Ok. The alarm server appears now in the data point list view.

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5. For a BACnet alarm server, select the created object and edit the properties for
transition priorities (To-Normal, To-Fault, To-Offnormal) and the corresponding
check boxes, which define whether acknowledgements are required. These are the
standard BACnet settings in a Notification Class object.

6.13.2 Create an Alarm Condition

To generate alarms from data points, intrinsic reporting is used. For each data point an
alarm condition must be defined. This condition employs an intrinsic algorithm to generate
alarms based on the data point’s value. Depending on the data point type (analog, binary,
multi-state), different conditions are defined. The alarm is reported to the attached alarm
server. Currently, only BACnet data points can be configured with intrinsic alarm
conditions.

To Create an Intrinsic Alarm Condition

1. Select a data point.

2. Right-click and select Create Alarm Condition… from the context menu.

3. For an analog data point the dialog as shown in Figure 105 appears. Select the Alarm
Server. Optionally, enter an Alarm Description. If left empty, the description of the
data point is used. Enter a Time Delay, after which the condition is evaluated. Select
Low Limit and High Limit and put check marks, if they shall be employed. Enter a
Deadband, to account for hysteresis.

Figure 105: Alarm Condition for an Analog Data Point.

4. For a binary data point the dialog as shown in Figure 106 appears. Select the Alarm
Server. Optionally, enter an Alarm Description. If left empty, the description of the

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data point is used. Enter a Time Delay, after which the condition is evaluated. Select
the Alarm Value which triggers the alarm.

Figure 106: Alarm Condition for a Binary Data Point.

5. For a multi-state data point the dialog as shown in Figure 107 appears. Select the
Alarm Server. Optionally, enter an Alarm Description. If left empty, the description
of the data point is used. Enter a Time Delay, after which the condition is evaluated.
Select the Alarm States, which triggers the alarm, by clicking the arrow buttons.

Figure 107: Alarm Condition for a Multi-State Data Point.

6. Click on Create. In the alarm column, the alarm sign will be added for those data
points, that have an alarm condition.

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6.13.3 Deliver Alarms via E-Mail

Updates in the alarm summary of an alarm object can be used as a trigger to send e-mail.
For setting up e-mails, the account information has to be configured on the device, e.g. on
the Web UI (see Section 4.2.11). Then an e-mail template can be created and the alarm
point attached as a trigger.

To Create an E-Mail Template for Alarms

1. Create or configure an E-Mail template as described in Section 6.11.1.

2. Change to the Mail Triggers tab.

3. Click the Add… button and select an alarm data point.

4. In the Mail Triggers list select the added trigger data point.

5. In the Manage Trigger Conditions list put a check mark on alarm conditions that
shall invoke the transmission of the e-mail.

6. Change to the Common E-Mail Properties tab.

7. Add the alarm data point as a data source and insert the place holder into the e-mail
text as described in Section 6.11.1.

6.13.4 Create an Alarm Log

The alarm objects on the device contain an alarm summary (live list) of currently active
and acknowledge-pending alarms. As soon as an alarm becomes inactive and has been
acknowledged, it disappears from the alarm summary. To store a historical log of alarm
transitions an alarm log needs to be created.

An alarm log can log transitions of one or more alarm objects. Its size is configurable. The
alarm log is a ring buffer. As soon as its size limit is reached, the oldest alarm log records
are overwritten by new alarm transitions.

To Create an Alarm Log

1. Under the Global Objects folder, select the Alarm Log Object Configuration sub-
folder.

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2. In the data point list right-click and select New Alarm Log … from the context menu.

3. In the Create New Alarm Log dialog enter a Name for the alarm log. Optionally enter
a Description.

4. Enter a Log Size, which defines how many transitions are resident in the alarm log.

5. Click on the button Add… on top of the Logged Alarm Objects list.

6. A data point selector dialog opens. Select one or more alarm objects that shall be
logged and click OK. The alarm objects appear in the list.

7. Click Create to create the alarm log object.

6.14 Local Trending

6.14.1 Create a Local Trend
The value of a data point can be logged over time. This is referred to as trend data. To
generate trend data a trend object has to be created. The trend data is stored in a data logger
file. This file can be downloaded via FTP in binary or CSV format (see Section 7.1.2).

Trend objects can generate trend logs for multiple data points and can be operated in one of
three basic modes:
• Interval Mode: In this mode a snapshot of all trended data points is logged into the
data logger file.
• COV Mode: In this mode, each of the trended data points is logged separately, if and
only if its value changes. For analog data points, a specific COV increment can be
configured in the data point configuration properties of the trended data point.
• Trigger Mode: In this mode a snapshot of all trended data points is logged each time a
trigger condition fires. The trigger condition is applied to a trigger data point.

To Create a Trend Object

1. Under the port folder, select the Trend sub-folder to create a trend log object.

2. Right-click and select New Trend … from the context menu.

3. In the Create New Trend Object dialog (shown in Figure 108) enter a name and
optionally a description for the trend log object.

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Figure 108: Basic Trend Object Configuration.

4. Select the desired Trend Mode.

5. Select the Log Size. The display in the dialog will adapt the estimations for needed
data logger file size in KB and duration of the trend log. Alternatively, for interval
trends, the estimated log duration and log interval can be edited.

6. Select a Fill Level Notification percentage. This will decide at which fill-level trigger
will fire. A fill-level trigger can be used to trigger the transmission of an e-mail (see
Section 6.14.5).

7. Click Save Changes to store the basic configuration of the trend object. The new trend
log object appears in the data point list of the Trend folder.

6.14.2 Configure Trended Data Points

When a local trend object has been created, it needs to be configured, which data points it
shall log. This is done by attaching data points to the trend object. Only simple data points
can be attached for trending, i.e., of class analog, binary, or multi-state. For trend log
objects in the CEA-709 technology, multiple data points can be attached for trending.

The trending can be enabled/disabled on behalf of an enable data point. This data point
should be of type binary. If the value of that enable data point is TRUE, the trend object
logs data as defined by the trend mode. If the value of the enable is FALSE, trending is
disabled. If no enable data point is configured, the trend log is always enabled.

To Attach Data Points for Trending

1. Select the trend object in the Trend sub-folder.

2. Right-click and select Configure Trend from the context menu. The same dialog
which appears when a new trend object is created is shown and allows configuring the
trend object. Of course, this step can also be done directly when the object is created.

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3. Add data points to be trended. Click on Add … which opens a data point selector
window.

4. Select the data points and click OK. For each of the attached data points, a line appears
in the list below the add button. The trended data points will also appear with the trend
icon in the data point manager.

Tip! Data points can also be attached to a trend by selecting a data point in the data point tab,
drag it onto a trend object and drop it on the trend object.

5. Data points can be removed from the trend by clicking Remove.

6. If COV mode was selected, the COV increment is displayed in the COV delta column.
This value can be increased to produce less trend data. Note, that it cannot be lowered
under the trended data point’s own COV increment. Go to the data point configuration
to change the COV increment in this case.

7. If the trended value of the data point shall be aggregated over the log interval, select
the desired aggregation in the Type column. Available options are Min, Max, Avg.

Tip! For creating multiple curves with min, average, and maximum values, add the same data
point three times and select the different aggregation types.

8. In addition, a special Trend Enable data point can be selected. If configured, the trend
log will only log data, if the value of this data point evaluates true, i.e., is not zero.
Click the … button to select a data point.

9. To remove the enable data point, click the Remove button.

10. When done with the data point setup, click Save Changes to leave the dialog.

Tip! A shortcut to creating a trend log object and attaching a data point is to select a data point
in the data point manager, right-click on it and choose Trend Datapoint from the context
menu. This generates a trend log and links that data point to it.

6.14.3 Trend Triggers

Local trend objects in CEA-709 can be operated in trigger mode. In this mode, one or more
trigger data points cause the generation of a snapshot containing the values of the trended
data points at the time instant the trigger is activated. For a trend object, one or more trigger
conditions can be defined. Depending on the trigger data point type, the trigger conditions
can be refined.

Note, that the behavior of the trigger data point is influenced by the COV properties of the
data point. If the Only notify on COV property is checked, the data point triggers only if
its value changes to the value of the trigger condition. If that property is not checked, the
data point triggers on every write with a value that matches the trigger condition.

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To Configure Trigger Data Points for Trending

1. Select the trend object in the Trend sub-folder.

2. Right-click and select Configure Trend from the context menu.

3. Change to the Triggers tab.

Note: Of course, you can also change directly to the Triggers tab when creating a trend object.

4. Click the Add… button. A data point selection dialog opens.

5. Select one or more data points and click OK.

6. The triggers appear now in the Trend Triggers list.

7. In the Manage Trigger Conditions you can refine the trigger condition depending on
the trigger data point class.

When done with the data point setup, click Save Changes to leave the dialog

6.14.4 Download Trend Data in CSV Format

Trend logs can be downloaded from the device via FTP in CSV format (see Section 7.1.2).
The CSV contents are generated on-the-fly from the internal binary storage when accessing
the file. Each trend log point has one CSV file. The files are located in
/data/trend/TrendLogName_UID.csv

Where TrendLogName is the data point name of the trend (Trend Name). The UID is the
unique ID of the trend log object. The UID can be obtained from the ID column in the data
point list of trend log data points as shown in Figure 109. This would result in the trend
CSV file ‘/data/trend/out_temp_107C.csv’.

Figure 109: UID of data points.

Because the contents are generated on-the-fly, the file size in the FTP client will appear as
0 Bytes. The decimal point and CSV column separator can be configured over in the
system configuration of the Web UI (see Section 4.2.1) of the L-Gate. Note, that for a
comma “,” as the separator, the decimal point is a point. This is useful for English/U.S.
applications. For countries that use the comma as the decimal point, select the semicolon as
the CSV separator.

6.14.5 Deliver Trend Data via E-Mail

Trend logs can be downloaded from the device via FTP. This requires an active action by
the user. Alternatively, trend data can be sent as an e-mail attachment. For doing that, an
e-mail template has to be setup for the trend log to be transmitted. The fill-level condition

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in the trend object can be used as a trigger to send an e-mail with the trend’s data logger
CSV file as an attachment.

For setting up e-mails, the account information has to be configured on the device, e.g., on
the Web UI (see Section 4.2.11). Then an e-mail template can be created and the trend
object attached as a trigger.

To Create an E-mail Template for Trends

1. Create or configure an e-mail template as described in Section 6.11.1.

2. Change to the Mail Triggers tab.

3. Click the Add… button and select a trend object.

4. In the Mail Triggers list, the added trigger data point appears with the Fill Level
condition.

5. Change to the Attachments tab.

6. Select the trend log CSV file of the trend object in the Attach File drop-down box and
click Add.

Note: ZIP versions of the CSV files are also available. Select those to save transmission
bandwidth and mailbox space.

7. Click OK to complete the e-mail template configuration.

6.15 Remote AST Objects

6.15.1 Remote Scheduler and Calendar
Adding remote access to the configuration of a scheduler and calendar, which is located on
another device, is done by creating remote scheduler and calendar objects. These objects
can be created from data obtained by a network scan or LNS scan.

To Create a Remote Scheduler

1. Execute a network scan, as described earlier in this document. The scan folder is filled
with available schedulers.

2. From the data points in the import folder, select the scheduler objects you are
interested in and click the Use on Device speed button. This creates suitable

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remote scheduler and the corresponding calendar objects in the Remote Devices
folder.

3. Adjust the basic settings for the newly created objects, such as the object name and
description. The object name will be used as the name for the scheduler, as seen on the
Web UI.

4. For BACnet, also adjust the poll cycle, which will be used to periodically fetch the
current configuration in case the remote device does not support COV subscriptions.

5. For CEA709, a static NV is created to receive information from the remote device
about changes to the scheduler configuration, so that the local device does not need to
poll the remote device. Set a name for this NV (default is nviSchedLink<number>)
and assign it to a suitable function block.

On BACnet devices, the new data points can be used right away to exchange configuration
data with the scheduler on the remote device. Just connect the new scheduler data point to a
schedule control to view and edit the configuration of the remote devices scheduler.

On CEA709 devices, there is one extra step to take before the new data points will be
operational: The new input NV representing the remote calendar on the local device (this
NV is normally called nviCalLink) needs to be bound to the output NV called nvoCalLink
located in the Calendar functional block of the remote device and the new static
nviSchedLink NVs which were created for each remote scheduler point need to be bound to
the respective nvoSchedLink variable located in the Scheduler functional block of the
remote device. The binding between the nvoSchedLink variable on the remote device to the
nviSchedLink variable on the local device defines which of the scheduler data points on the
local device connect to which scheduler unit on the remote device. All required information
is transmitted over the link NVs, so it is possible to later change the binding to any other
remote scheduler without rescanning the network.

Note: If connected via LNS, the bindings to the nvoCalLink and nvoSchedLink NVs are made
automatically by the configuration software in the download process.

6.15.2 Alarm Clients

Accessing alarm server objects on remote devices is done by creating remote alarm data
points. These points may be created from data obtained by a network scan. The local device
is configured as an alarm client and subscribes to alarm updates from the remote alarm
server. The alarm client can also be used to acknowledge alarms on the remote alarm
server. Any updates are synchronized back to the alarm client.

To Create an Alarm Client

1. Execute a network scan, as described earlier in this document. The scan folder is filled
with available remote alarm servers.

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2. From the points in the import folder, select the alarm server points you are interested in
and click the Use on Device speed button. This creates the corresponding alarm
client points in your project.

3. For CEA709, select the new alarm client point and adjust the name of the local NV
(default name is nviAlarm_2). This NV is located in the Clients functional block.

On BACnet devices, the new data points can be used right away to exchange alarm
information with the alarm server on the remote device. Just connect the new alarm client
data point to an alarm list control to view and acknowledge alarms reported by the
associated alarm server.

On CEA-709 devices, there is one extra step to take before the new data points will be
operational: The new static input NVs representing the alarm clients on the local device
need to be bound to the alarm outputs of the remote device. A CEA709 device normally
delivers alarms through an output NV of type SNVT_alarm_2 located in the node object of
the device, therefore the new input NV on the local device must be bound to the alarm
output NV of the remote devices node object. All required information is transmitted over
the alarm input NV, so it is possible to later bind the alarm client to any other alarm server
without rescanning the network.

Note: If connected via LNS, the binding to the nvoAlarm2 NV is made automatically by the
configuration software in the download process.

6.16 Math Objects

6.16.1 Create a Math Object
Math objects are advanced application objects that can execute mathematical operations on
data points. A math object takes a number of input data points (variables v1, v2, …, vn) and
calculates a result value according to a specified formula. When configuring a math object,
the input data points, output data points and the formula must be configured by the user.
Input data points can be configured with a change-of-value condition, to trigger the math
calculation only if the value changes more than a certain delta.

To Create a Math Object

1. Under the Global Objects folder, select the Math Object sub-folder.

2. Right-click and select New Math Object … from the context menu.

3. In the Create New Math Object dialog, enter a name and optionally a description for
the math object.

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4. Attach input data points by clicking the Add Input DP button.

5. In the data point selector dialog, select the input data points and click OK. The data
points appear as v1, v2, etc.

6. If the data point shall trigger the math calculation only after a certain change-of-value,
enter a value into the COV delta column.

7. Select the input data point and click Add Variable to push the variable on the
evaluation stack.

8. Select a function to be applied on the variables and click the Add Function button.

9. The resulting formula is displayed at the bottom of the dialog. Alternatively, the
formula can be entered there.

10. Add output data points by clicking the Add Output DP button.

11. In the data point selector dialog select the output data points and click OK.

12. To create the math object click Create.

6.16.2 Editing a Math Object

Math objects can be edited once created. The formula can be changed, new variables
added, or additional output data points added.

To Edit a Math Object

1. Under the Global Objects folder, select the Math Object sub-folder.

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2. Select the math object in the data point list.

3. Right-click and select Configure Math Object … from the context menu.

4. Edit the math object as described in Section 6.16.1.

5. To replace an input data point by another input data point without re-writing the entire
formula, click the Replace Input DP … button. This opens a data point selector
dialog. Select the replacement data point there.

6. To detach an input data point click the Detach Input DP button. This leaves the
respective variable slot empty.

7. To finalize the edit click on Save Changes

6.17 Mapping CEA-709 and BACnet Schedules

6.17.1 Mapping and Limitations
Mapping schedulers and calendars is realized by creating connections between schedulers,
and connections between corresponding calendars. The information in a scheduler
connection is synchronized between its participants. When starting up, however, it is
important to define where the source of the information is located, i.e., the actual execution
of the schedule takes place. If the schedules and calendars are out-of-sync when the system
starts, the information from the source schedule/calendar is distributed in the system. The
hub of a connection is always the source of the information. The targets receive the initial
schedules/calendars.

In the configuration software, only local schedulers and calendars that are hub in a
connection can be configured. The target schedules are synchronized automatically on the
device. Changing schedules or calendars on the Web UI or over the network automatically
synchronize the change with all members of the connection.

Since schedules and calendars in the two technologies have their own restrictions, the
mapping underlies a number of restrictions as well:
• Only schedules that schedule a single value can be mapped. In practice, all schedules
can be mapped where one only value can be defined per value preset, e.g., one analog
value.
• The target schedule, which is used to expose the actual scheduler to a different
technology, must not itself have data points attached, that are scheduled. The target
scheduler only acts as a shell that stores the daily schedules.
• CEA-709 schedulers, which schedule only one NV, but that NV is a structure (e.g.,
SNVT_switch) cannot be mapped to a BACnet scheduler. This is because the value
preset on the CEA-709 scheduler has two values to configure. This violates the one-
value rule.
• All calendars referred to by mapped schedulers must be added to a calendar
connection.
• On one port, only one calendar can exist. Therefore, all exposed calendars must be
added to a single connection. As a consequence all calendars are synchronized in the
system. There can exist only one calendar connection on a device, that contains all
exposed calendars.

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• Once a scheduler is in a connection, do not change its scheduled data points. Doing so
after creating may violate the connection rules and result in a non-functioning
connection.

Figure 110 shows an example, how two remote CEA-709 schedulers are exposed to
BACnet schedulers. There are three connections involved. One connection sched_1_conn
is created for lon_sched_1 and bac_sched_1. A second connection sched_2_conn is created
for lon_sched_2 and bac_sched_2. Since there is only one BACnet calendar, all calendar
objects must be put into a single connection cal_conn, containing lon_cal_1, lon_cal_2,
and bac_cal.

lon_sched_1 sched_1_conn bac_sched_1

lon_cal_1

cal_conn bac_cal

lon_cal_2

lon_sched_2 sched_2_conn bac_sched_2

Figure 110: Example for schedule and calendar connections.

6.17.2 Map from CEA-709 to BACnet

This section describes how to expose a CEA-709 scheduler and calendar to a BACnet
operator workstation (OWS). It is assumed that the CEA-709 scheduler is either a local or a
remote scheduler on the L-Gate and schedules only one value. That CEA-709 scheduler
must be the hub.

To Expose a CEA-709 Schedule to BACnet

1. Prepare a CEA-709 schedule object to be exposed (local as in Section 6.12 or a remote

scheduler as in Section 6.15.1 from the Remote Devices folder)

2. Create a local BACnet scheduler as in Section 6.12. Do not attach data points to that
scheduler.

3. Create a new connection (see Section 6.9.1). Give it a descriptive name, e.g.
sched_conn.

4. Select the CEA-709 schedule object as the hub.

5. Select the BACnet scheduler as the target.

6. Click Save. Now a scheduler connection appears in the connections list.

Important: Once a scheduler is in a connection, do not change the scheduled data points!

7. Create a local BACnet calendar object, if not existing yet. Add the required number of
calendar patterns, i.e., the number of calendar patterns used in the CEA-709 calendar.
It is recommended to allocate a number of spare calendar patterns, too. This can be
handy, because BACnet calendars cannot dynamically add calendar patterns at run-
time, while CEA-709 calendars can. Do not specify names for the calendar patterns.

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8. Create a second new connection. Give it a descriptive name, e.g., cal_conn.

Important: If there already exists a calendar connection, don’t create a new connection and add the
exposed calendar as a target to the existing connection! There can only be one calendar
connection that contains all exposed calendars.

9. Select the CEA-709 calendar as the hub. When exposing a remote schedule, select the
calendar from the same remote device folder where the schedule was selected from.

10. Select the created BACnet calendar as the target.

11. Click Save. Now a calendar connection appears in the connections list as shown in
Figure 111.

Figure 111: Calendar connection CEA-709 to BACnet.

6.17.3 Map from BACnet to CEA-709

This section describes how to expose a BACnet scheduler and calendar to a CEA-709
network. It is assumed that the BACnet scheduler is either local or remote. That BACnet
scheduler must be the hub.

To Expose a BACnet Schedule to CEA-709

1. Prepare a BACnet schedule object to be exposed (local as in Section 6.12 or a remote

scheduler as in Section 6.15.1 from the Remote Devices folder)

2. Create a local CEA-709 scheduler as in Section 6.12. Do not attach data points to that
scheduler.

3. Create a new connection (see Section 6.9.1). Give it a descriptive name, e.g.
sched_conn.

4. Select the BACnet schedule object as the hub.

5. Select the CEA-709 scheduler as the target.

6. Click Save. Now a scheduler connection appears in the connections list.

Important: Once a scheduler is in a connection, do not change the scheduled data points!

7. Create a local CEA-709 calendar object, if not existing yet. Do not add any calendar
patterns.

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Important: If there already exists a calendar connection, don’t create a new connection and add the
exposed calendar as a target to the existing connection! There can only be one calendar
connection that contains all exposed calendars.

8. Create a second new connection. Give it a descriptive name, e.g., cal_conn.

9. Select the BACnet calendar as the hub. When exposing a remote schedule, select the
calendar from the same remote device folder where the schedule was selected from.

10. Select the created CEA-709 calendar as the target.

11. Click Save. Now a calendar connection appears in the connections list.

6.17.4 Create One-Way Mappings

A one-way mapping lets schedules and calendar patterns be updated in one direction only:
From the hub to the target(s). If a schedule in the hub is updated, the targets receive the
new schedule. If a target schedule is updated, however, the change remains local to this
scheduler. The local change is overwritten the next time the hub schedule is updated again.
This feature is convenient to distribute calendar patterns and schedules from a central
location (e.g., the BACnet OWS) but allow temporary, local modifications at the same
time.

To Create a One-Way Mapping

1. Create a schedule and/or calendar mapping.

2. Select the created connection and select the radio button hub Æ target in the
Connection Properties.

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7 Operating Interfaces

7.1 Common Interface

7.1.1 Schedule and Calendar XML Files
The daily schedule and calendar pattern configuration can be changes at run-time over the
Web UI or the network. An alternate way to change that configuration is to download a
schedule and calendar XML file via FTP onto the device. After the file has been
downloaded, the new configuration becomes effective immediately. The device does not
need to be rebooted. The files are located in
/tmp/uid/sched/UID.xml
/tmp/uid/cal/UID.xml

The UID is the unique ID of the data point. The UID can be obtained from the ID column
in the data point list as shown in Figure 109. A schedule data point with UID 107C would
result in the schedule XML file ‘/tmp/uid/sched/107C.xml’. The UID remains
constant for the life time of the data point even when the name or description is changed.

The content of the XML file must be compliant to the scheduleCfg schema. This schema
can be found at the LOYTEC Web site. The XML documents can refer to the target
namespace ‘http://www.loytec.com/xsd/scheduleCfg/1.0/’.

7.1.2 Trend Log CSV File

The CSV file format for a trend log and the location of those files are defined in this
section. The trend log CSV files are accessible either via their UID only, or in combination
with contents of the trend log object name. The files are located in
/tmp/uid/trend/UID.csv
/data/trend/Datapointname_UID.csv

The UID is the unique ID of the data point. The UID can be obtained from the ID column
in the data point list as shown in Figure 109. For a more user-friendly listing of the files,
the Datapointname contains the trend log’s object name. It is truncated after 23 ASCII
characters to fit the requirements of the file system. A trend CSV file for the trend object
‘trend0’ and the UID ‘107C’ would result in the CSV file
‘/data/trend/trend0_107C.csv’. The UID remains constant for the life time of
the object even when the name is changed.

The CSV file format for a trend log is defined in this section. The CSV file starts with a
header, containing at least the first line, which specifies the CSV format (log_csv_ver). The
current version is 2. The next line contains the field log_device. It has trailing fields that
specify the vendor, product code, firmware version and device ID string. The Device ID
String can be one of the following: (IP) 192.168.24.100, (BACnet Device) 224100, (CEA-
709 NID) NID.

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The log_info line specifies the fields UID and name of the trend log object. The line
log_create has two fields specifying the date and time when this CSV log was generated.
The line log_capacity has two fields: the current number of log entries in the file and the
log capacity.

Following are one or more lines of log_item. Each line specifies a trended data point. The
first field is the index, the second the ID of the logged data point, the third the data point
name. The data point name can be augmented by engineering units in square brackets. Log
entries in the CSV refer to the item index to identify the data point, for which the entry was
logged.
#log_csv_ver;2
#log_device;LOYTEC;Product Code;Firmware Version;Device ID String; Serial No
#log_info;Log-ID;Log Name
#log_create;YYY-MM-DD;HH:MM:SS
#log_capacity;filled;capacity
#log_item;index;UID;data point name [units]

After those lines any number of comment lines starting with a hash character ‘#’ are
allowed. One line contains the column headings. Lines that are not comments specify one
log record per line, using the column information as described below. The columns are
separated by commas ‘,’ or semi-colons ‘;’. If commas are used as a separator, the decimal
point must be a point ‘.’. If semi-colons are used, the decimal point must be a comma ‘,’.

There are as many value columns as value sources specified in the header. If at a given
date/time more values are logged, all of them appear in the same line. If at that given time
some sources did not log values, those columns are left empty.

Column Field Example Description

A Sequence Number 50 The log record sequence number. This is the

monotonously increasing sequence number, which is
unique for each log record.
B Source 0 Data point source identifier. Indexes into logger_entry
header. For value lines in a multi-column CSV, this
field indexes the first column, which has a value. For
the ERROR record type, the field indexes the data
source that caused the error. For LOGSTATE,
TIMECHANGE records this field is not applicable and
can be left at zero.
C Record Type 2 The record type: LOGSTATE (0), BOOL (1), REAL
(2), ENUM (3), UNSIGNED (4), SIGNED (5), NULL
(7), ERROR (8), TIMECHANGE (9)
D Error/Time 1 This field is valid for records of type ERROR,
Change/Log TIMECHANGE, and LOGSTATUS.
Status
E Date/Time 2007-11-02 15:34:22 The date/time of the log record. This is in the format
YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS.
F Value 0 24,5 Logged value from source 0 or empty
G Value 1 200 Logged value from source 1 or empty
… …
… Value n – 1 5000 Logged value from source n – 1 or empty
Table 8: Columns of the Trend Log CSV File

There are as many value columns as value sources specified in the header. If at a given
date/time more values are logged, all of them appear in the same line. If at that given time
some sources did not log values, those columns are left empty. The “Source” column in a
multi-value CSV refers to the first data source that supplied a value in a given line.

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7.1.3 Alarm Log CSV File

The historical alarm logs are also accessible as CSV-formatted files. The alarm log CSV
files are accessible either via their UID only, or in combination with contents of the alarm
log object name. The files are located in
/tmp/uid/allog/UID.csv
/data/allog/Alarmlogname_UID.csv

The UID is the unique ID of the alarm log object. The UID can be obtained from the ID
column in the data point list of the alarm log folder, similar to obtaining the UID of trend
log objects. For a more user-friendly listing of the files, the Alarmlogname contains the
alarm log’s object name. It is truncated after 23 ASCII characters to fit the requirements of
the file system. A trend CSV file for the alarm log object ‘alarmlog0’ and the UID ‘100C’
would result in the CSV file ‘/data/allog/alarmlog0_100C.csv’. The UID
remains constant for the life time of the object even when the name is changed.

The CSV format of the alarm log CSV file is identical to the trend log CSV format as
described in Section 7.1.2.

7.2 CEA-709 Interface

7.2.1 NV Import File
Network variables can be imported to the Gateway configuration software in a CSV file.
The format of this file is described in this section.

The first line of the file must contain a comment, starting with a hash character ‘#’
specifying the format version and import technology:
#dpal_csv_config;Version=1;Technology=CEA709

After that line any number of comment lines starting with a hash character ‘#’ are allowed.
Lines that are not comments specify one NV per line, using the column information as
described in Table 9. The columns are separated by commas ‘,’ or semi-colons ‘;’. Which
separator is used can be configured in the Web UI (see Section 4.2.1).

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Column Field Example Description

A SNVT 39 A numeric value of the SNVT (as defined in the SNVT

master list). The example value 39 represents a
SNVT_temp.
B NV index 0 The NV index in decimal of the NV on the network
node. Indices start at 0.
C NV selector 1 The NV selector in decimal of the NV on the network
node.
D NV name nvoTemp The NV programmatic name of the NV on the network
node.
E is output 1 Defines if this NV is an output on the network node. ‘1’
means the NV is an output on the network node.
F flag auth cfg 1 ‘1’ defines that authentication can be configured for this
NV on the network node.
G flag auth 0 ‘1’ defines that the NV is authenticated.
H flag priority cfg 1 ‘1’ defines that the priority can be configured for this
NV on the network node.
I flag priority 0 ‘1’ defines that the NV is using priority.
J flag servicetype 1 ‘1’ defines that the service type can be configured for
cfg this NV on the network node.
K flag service ack 1 ‘1’ defines that the NV is using acknowledged service.
L flag polled 0 ‘1’ defines that the NV is using the polled attribute
M flag sync 0 ‘1’ defines that the NV is a synchronous NV.
N deviceref 1 This field is a numeric reference to a device description.
If it is the first occurrence of this reference in the file,
the columns defined below must be filled in. Otherwise,
they can be left out.
O programID 9000A44850060402 The program ID string of the network device.
P neuronID 80000000C8C8 The NID of the network device.
Q subnet 2 The subnet address of the network device. Use ‘0’ if the
device has no subnet address information.
R node 3 The node address of the network device. Use ‘0’ if the
device has no node address information.
S location str 0 The location string of the network device. Use ‘0’ if no
information is available.
T devicename DDC The device name of the network device. Leave this field
blank if this information is not available.
U node self-doc &3.2@0,2 Self-documentation string of the device (special
characters are escaped)
V NV length 2 NV length in bytes
W NV self-doc @0|4 NV self-documentation string (special characters are
escaped)
X allocation 1 Define, how this NV shall be allocated: external=1
(default) /static=2/file=3
Table 9: CSV Columns of the NV Import File

7.2.2 Node Object

The L-Gate provides a node object conforming to the LONMARK guidelines. A diagram of
the node object is depicted in Figure 112.

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Node Object

nviRequest nvoStatus

nviFileReq nvoFileStat

nviFilePos nvoAlarm

nvoAlarm_2

Figure 112: Node Object

• The Node Object accepts the following commands via nviRequest:

- RQ_NORMAL
- RQ_UPDATE_STATUS
- RQ_REPORT_MASK
- RQ_ENABLE
- RQ_DISABLE
- RQ_UPDATE_ALARM
- RQ_CLEAR_ALARM
- RQ_RESET
- RQ_CLEAR_RESET
• LONMARK alarming is supported via nvoAlarm (SNVT_alarm) and nvoAlarm_2
(SNVT_alarm_2). This allows devices supporting the LONMARK alarm notifier profile
to receive alarms generated by the L-Gate and react with a defined action (e.g. send an
email). By supporting both alarm SNVTs, SNVT_alarm and SNVT_alarm_2, legacy
and state-of-the-art alarm handling is supported.

7.2.3 Extended Node Object Interface

When any of the AST features is enabled in the project settings, the node object contains
some extensions.
• nviDateEvent (SNVT_time_stamp), nvoDateResync (SNVT_switch): These NVs are
part of the standard LONMARK node object, if schedulers are used. If not bound, the
local calendar is used. If a global calendar shall be used, both of these NVs must be
bound to the respective NVs of the global calendar object.
• nviTimeSet (SNVT_time_stamp): When writing to this NV, the system is set. The time
value is interpreted as local time.
• nvoSystemTemp (SNVT_temp): This NV can be used to poll the system temperature of
the L-Gate. It does not send updates and must be polled.
• nvoSupplyVolt (SNVT_volt): This NV can be used to poll the supply voltage of the L-
Gate. It does not send updates and must be polled.
• nvoIpAddress (SNVT_str_asc): This NV can be used to poll the IP address of the L-
Gate. It does not send updates.

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• nciEarthPos (SNVT_earth_pos): This configuration property can be used to set the

earth position of the L-Gate. It has been implemented as an NV to make other devices
send that configuration to the L-Gate over the network (e.g., from a GPS device).

7.2.4 Real-Time Keeper Object

When the scheduler objects are enabled in the project settings, the L-Gate includes the
standard LONMARK real-time keeper object. The Real-Time Keeper Object is used to
synchronize the system time of multiple LonMark compliant devices.

The object has the following network variables:

• nvoTimeDate (SNVT_time_stamp): Propagates the devices current system time and
date (local time). It is typically bound to the nviTimeSet input network variable of the
node objects of the LonMark compliant devices, which are synchronized with the
system time of the L-Gate. The update rate of the nvoTimeDate can be configured
using the configuration property SCPTupdateRate (default every 60 seconds).

7.2.5 Calendar Object

When the scheduler objects are enabled in the project settings, the L-Gate includes the
standard LONMARK calendar object.

7.2.6 Scheduler Object

When the scheduler objects are enabled in the project settings, the L-Gate includes the
configured number of standard LONMARK scheduler objects.

7.2.7 Clients Object

When the remote AST object feature is enabled in the project settings, the L-Gate includes
a proprietary object, which is a container for network variables required to implement the
remote object features.

For remote schedulers and calendars, nviSchedLink and nviCalLink NVs are created. For
alarm clients nviAlarm_2 NVs are created.

7.2.8 Gateway Objects

The L-Gate contains eight proprietary Gateway objects. These are containers for all NVs,
which are configured on the L-Gate’s CEA-709 port. They are intended for grouping NVs.
When static NVs are created, they can be assigned to any of the eight gateway blocks.
When creating dynamic NVs in the LNS-based tool, the NVs should be added to the
gateway blocks.

7.3 BACnet Interface

7.3.1 Device Object
The BACnet interface provides one device object as shown in Table 10.

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Property Identifier Property Datatype Conformance Code

Object_Identifier BACnetObjectIdentifier R
Object_Name CharacterString R
Object_Type BACnetObjectType R
System_Status BACnetDeviceStatus R
Vendor_Name CharacterString R
Vendor_Identifier Unsigned16 R
Model_Name CharacterString R
Firmware_Revision CharacterString R
Application_Software_Version CharacterString R
Location CharacterString R
Description CharacterString R
Protocol_Version Unsigned R
Protocol_Revision Unsigned R
Protocol_Services_Supported BACnetServicesSupported R
Protocol_Object_Types_Supported BACnetObjectTypesSupported R
Object_List BACnetARRAY[N]of R
BACnetObjectIdentifier
Max_APDU_Length_Accepted Unsigned R
Segmentation_Supported BACnetSegmentation R
Max_Segments_Accepted Unsigned R
APDU_Segment_Timeout Unsigned R
APDU_Timeout Unsigned R
Number_Of_APDU_Retries Unsigned R
Max_Master Unsigned(1..127) R
Max_Info_Frames Unsigned R
Device_Address_Binding List of BACnetAddressBinding R
Database_Revision Unsigned R
Active_COV_Subscriptions List of BACnetCOVSubscription R
Profile_Name CharacterString R
Table 10: Properties of the Device Object

7.3.1.1 Object_Identifier (Read-Only)

This property, of type “BACnetObjectIdentifier”, is a numeric code that is used to identify
the object. For the Device object, the object identifier is unique internetwork-wide.

The “Object Type” part of the “Object_Identifier” is 8 (=device). The “Instance” part of
this property is configurable via the configuration UI (see Section 4.2.7). The default value
for the “Instance” part is 17800.

7.3.1.2 Object_Name (Read-Only)

The value of this property is configurable via the configuration UI (see Section 4.2.7).
The default value is “L-Gate”. Note that this name must be unique in the BACnet
internetwork.

7.3.1.3 Object_Type (Read-Only)

The value of this property is DEVICE (8).

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7.3.1.4 System_Status (Read-Only)

The value of this property is always OPERATIONAL.

7.3.1.5 Vendor_Name (Read-Only)

The value of this property is “LOYTEC electronics GmbH”.

7.3.1.6 Vendor_Identifier (Read-Only)

The value of this property is 178.

7.3.1.7 Model_Name (Read-Only)

The value of this property is equal to the product code of the device (“LGATE-900”).

7.3.1.8 Firmware_Revision (Read-Only)

The value of this property gives the current firmware version of the device.

7.3.1.9 Application_Software_Version (Read-Only)

The value of this property gives the build date and the version of the current firmware.

7.3.1.10 Location (Read-Only)

This property is configurable via the configuration UI (see Section 4.2.7). The default
value is “unknown”.

7.3.1.11 Description (Read-Only)

This property is configurable via the configuration UI (see Section 4.2.7). The default
value is “L-Gate”.

7.3.1.12 Protocol_Version (Read-Only)

The value of this property is 1.

7.3.1.13 Protocol_Revision (Read-Only)

The value of this property is 4.

7.3.1.14 Protocol_Services_Supported (Read-Only)

For the services supported please refer to the LGATE-900 PICS document.

7.3.1.15 Protocol_Object_Types_Supported (Read-Only)

For the supported object types please refer to the LGATE-900 PICS document.

7.3.1.16 Object_List (Read-Only)

This read only property is a BACnetARRAY of “Object_Identifiers”, one
“Object_Identifier” for each object within the device that is accessible through BACnet
services (see below).

7.3.1.17 Max_APDU_Length_Accepted (Read-Only)

The value of this property is 487 if BACnet MS/TP is used and 1473 if BACnet/IP is used.

7.3.1.18 Segmentation_Supported (Read-Only)

The value of this property is SEGMENTED_BOTH.

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7.3.1.19 Max_Segments_Accepted (Read-Only)

The value of this property is 16.

7.3.1.20 APDU_Segment_Timeout (Read-Only)

The value of this property is 2000 milliseconds.

7.3.1.21 APDU_Timeout (Read-Only)

The value of this property is 3000 milliseconds.

7.3.1.22 Number_Of_APDU_Retries (Read-Only)

The value of this property is 3.

7.3.1.23 Max_Master (Read/Write)

This property is only present in case BACnet MS/TP is used. The value of this property is
configurable via the configuration UI (see Section 4.2.7). The default value of this property
is 127.

7.3.1.24 Max_Info_Frames (Read/Write)

This property is only present in case BACnet MS/TP is used. The value of this property is
configurable via the configuration UI (see Section 4.2.7). The default value of this property
is 1.

7.3.1.25 Device_Address_Binding (Read-Only)

The “Device_Address_Binding property” is a List of “BACnetAddressBinding” each of
which consists of a BACnet “Object_Identifier” of a BACnet Device object and a BACnet
device address in the form of a “BACnetAddress”. Entries in the list identify the actual
device addresses that will be used when the remote device must be accessed via a BACnet
service request.

7.3.1.26 Database_Revision (Read-Only)

This property, of type Unsigned, is a logical revision number for the device's database. It is
incremented when an object is created, an object is deleted, an object's name is changed, an
object's Object_Identifier property is changed, or a restore is performed.

7.3.1.27 Active_COV_Subscriptions (Read-Only)

The Active_COV_Subscriptions property is a List of BACnetCOVSubscription, each of
which consists of a Recipient, a Monitored Property Reference, an Issue Confirmed
Notifications flag, a Time Remaining value and an optional COV Increment. This property
provides a network-visible indication of those COV subscriptions that are active at any
given time. Whenever a COV Subscription is created with the SubscribeCOV or
SubscribeCOVProperty service, a new entry is added to the Active_COV_Subscriptions
list. Similarly, whenever a COV Subscription is terminated, the corresponding entry is
removed from the Active_COV_Subscriptions list.

7.3.1.28 Profile_Name
The value of this property is “178-LGATE”.

7.3.2 Client Mapping CSV File

Client functionality for the BACnet server objects can be defined by so-called “client
mappings”. These mappings basically specify whether present value properties shall be
written to or polled from the BACnet network, and what the destination address and objects
are. These definitions can be downloaded as a CSV file onto the device using FTP.

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The CSV file must be named “bacclnt.csv” and stored in the directory “/var/lib/bacnet” on
the L-Gate. The file is read when the device boots. If any errors occur they are reported in
“/tmp/bacclnt.err”.

The column format is shown in Table 11. Lines beginning with a hash (‘#’) sign are
comment lines. The example values in Table 11 setup a client mapping named “Lamp
Room 302”, which writes (mapping type 2) the present value of the local object AI,4 to the
remote object AO,1 on the device with the instance number 17801.

Column Field Example Description

A Description Lamp Room 302 User-defined description of this client mapping. Can be
left empty. Don’t use commas or semi-colons in the
text!
B Local Object-Type AI The BACnet object type of the local server object (AI,
AO, AV, BI, BO, BV, MI, MO, MV)
C Local Object 4 The object instance number of the above object.
Instance Number
D Remote Device 17801 The device object instance number of the remote
Instance BACnet device
E Remote Object- AO The BACnet object type of the remote server object (AI,
Type AO, AV, BI, BO, BV, MI, MO, MV)
F Remote Object 1 The object instance number of the above object.
Instance Number
G Map Type 2 Defines the type of the mapping: 0=Poll, 1=COV,
2=Write
H Interval/ 8 Defines the poll interval in seconds for poll mappings
Priority and the COV lifetime in seconds for COV mappings.
For write mappings this defines the write priority
(1..16). Omit this field or set it to ‘-1’ to write w/o
priority.
Table 11: CSV Columns of the BACnet Client Mappings File

7.3.3 EDE Export of BACnet Objects

The BACnet server object configuration of the L-Gate is accessible as a set of CSV files
following the EDE format convention. They can be downloaded via FTP from the directory
‘/data/ede’ on the device. The files are
• lgate.csv: This is the main EDE sheet with the list of BACnet objects.
• lgate-states.csv: This is the state text sheet. For each state text reference in the main
sheet, a line contains the state texts for this multi-state object.
• lgate-types.csv: This is the object types text sheet. The file contains a line for each
object type number. Note, that lines for standard object types can be omitted.
• lgate-units.csv: This is the unit text sheet. The file contains a line for each engineering
unit enumerator value. Note that lines for standard units can be omitted.

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8 Network Media

8.1 FT
The L-Gate FT port is fully compatible to the parameters specified by LONMARK for this
channel. FT ports can also be used on Link Power (LP-10) channels. However, the L-Gate
does not provide the power supply for Link Power channels.

When using the Free Topology Segment feature of the FT, only one termination (Figure
113) is required and can be placed anywhere on the free topology segment. Instead of
building the termination, one can order the L-Term module (LT-33) from LOYTEC, which
can be used to properly terminate the bus.

100 µF, 50V

52,3 Ω

+
100 µF, 50V

Figure 113: FT Free Topology Termination

In a double terminated bus topology, two terminations are required (Figure 114). These
terminations need to be placed at each end of the bus. Here, also L-Term modules can be
used at either end.

Fehler! Es ist nicht möglich, durch die Bearbeitung von Feldfunktionen Objekte zu erstellen.
Figure 114: Termination in an FT Bus Topology

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9 L-Gate Firmware Update

The L-Gate firmware supports remote upgrade over the network and the serial console.

To guarantee that the L-Gate is not destroyed due to a failed firmware update, the L-Gate
firmware consists of two images:
• L-Gate fallback image,
• L-Gate primary image.

The L-Gate fallback image cannot be changed. Thus, if the update of the primary image
fails or the image is destroyed by some other means, the fallback image is booted and
allows to reinstall a valid primary image.

When the L-Gate boots up with the fallback image, the CEA-709 port LED and the
STATUS LED are flashing red.

9.1 Firmware Update via the Configurator

The L-Gate primary image can be updated using the Configurator. For this purpose, the
device must be connected to the Ethernet and must have a valid IP configuration (see
Section 4.2.4). The L-Gate Configurator must be installed (see Section 6.1).

To Update the Firmware using the Configurator

1. Start the L-Gate Configurator from the Windows Start menu: Start Æ Programs Æ
LOYTEC L-Gate Configuratior Æ Configure L-Gate.

2. Select the menu: Connection Æ Connect via FTP. This opens the FTP connection
dialog as shown in Figure 115.

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Figure 115: FTP connection dialog.

3. In the FTP connection dialog enter the IP address of the device to upgrade and the FTP
user name and password. The default user name and password are ‘admin’ and
‘admin’. This can be changed via the Web interface (see Section 4.1) and reset via the
console UI (see Section 10.2.2).

4. Click on Connect.

5. Select the menu: Firmware Æ Update …

6. This opens the Firmware Update dialog as shown in Figure 116. Click on the button
“…” and select the firmware image (“lgate900_3_1_0.dl”).

Figure 116: Firmware Update dialog of the L-Gateway configuration software.

7. Click on Start Download.

8. Observe the download progress. When the download is complete the dialog shown in
Figure 117 appears.

Figure 117: FTP download success dialog.

9. Click Ok.

10. In the Firmware Update dialog click Close.

11. The device’s firmware has now been successfully upgraded.

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9.2 Firmware Update via the Console

To download the firmware via the console interface, the L-Gate must be connected to the
RS-232 port of a PC via its console interface as described in Section 10.2.1. You will need
the LOYTEC serial upgrade tool (LSU Tool), which can be downloaded from our
homepage at www.loytec.com.

Please make sure that the L-Gate console shows the main menu otherwise navigate to the
main menu or simply reset the L-Gate.

To Upgrade via the Console

1. Double click on the *.dlc file that comes with the new firmware package. This should
start the LSU Tool and load the firmware image referenced in the dlc file. Please note
that the dlc file and the dl file must be stored in the same folder. The start window of
the LSU tool is shown in Figure 118.

Figure 118: LSU Serial Upgrade Tool in Idle Mode

2. If the L-Gate is not connected to COM1 you can change the port to COM2, COM3, or
COM4. Make sure that the product shown under “Product” matches the device you are
upgrading. Press Download to start the download. A progress bar as shown in Figure
119 can be seen.

Figure 119: Progress Bar during Firmware Download.

3. If the upgrade is successful, the following window appears (Figure 120).

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Figure 120: Successful Firmware Upgrade

4. Double check that the new firmware is executed by selecting ‘1’ and pressing Enter in
the console window. This will bring up the device information which shows the
current firmware version.

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10 Troubleshooting

10.1 Technical Support

LOYTEC offers free telephone and e-mail support for our L-Gate product series. If none
of the above descriptions solves your specific problem please contact us at the following
address:

LOYTEC electronics GmbH

Blumengasse 35
A-1170 Vienna
Austria / Europe

email : support@loytec.com
web : http://www.loytec.com
tel : +43/1/4020805-100
fax : +43/1/4020805-99

or

LOYTEC Americas Inc.

11258 Goodnight Lane
Suite 101
Dallas, Texas 75229
USA

Email: support@loytec-americas.com
web: http://www.loytec-americas.com
tel: +1/512/402 5319
fax: +1/972/243 6886

10.2 Statistics on the Console

10.2.1 Connecting to the Console
Use a PC terminal program with the communication settings set to 38,400 bps / 8 data bits /
no parity / 1 stop bit / no handshake. To connect COM1 of the PC to the Console on the
device, use a standard null-modem cable with full handshaking. Power up the device or
press Return if the device is already running. The menu shown in Figure 121 should
appear on the terminal.

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Device Main Menu

================

[1] Show device information

[2] Serial firmware upgrade
[3] System configuration
[4] CEA-709 configuration
[5] IP configuration
[6] CEA-852 device configuration
[7] BACnet configuration
[8] Reset configuration (factory defaults)
[9] Device statistics

[a] Data Points

[0] Reset device

Please choose:
Figure 121: Console Main Menu.

10.2.2 Reset Configuration (factory defaults)

Select item ‘8’ in the console main menu. This menu item allows resetting the device into
its factory default state. The menu appears as shown in Figure 122.
Reset Configuration Menu
========================

[1] Reset everything to factory defaults

[3] Reset all passwords
[4] Clear data point configuration

[q] Quit

Please choose:
Figure 122: Reset to Factory Defaults Menu.

Select option ‘1’ to reset the entire device to factory defaults (including error log,
configuration files, passwords etc.). Select option ‘3’ to reset all passwords (Web interface,
FTP server etc.) to factory defaults.

Select option ‘4’ to clear all configured data points, such as CEA-709 network variables or
user registers. This effectively clears the entire port configuration. The device must be
rebooted to let the changes take effect.

10.2.3 Device Statistics Menu

Select ‘9’ from the device main menu to get to the device statistics menu. This menu holds
relevant information regarding the device statistics of the device. This section describes
those statistics, which are not available on the Web UI. The device statistics menu is shown
in Figure 123. Use this menu only for debugging purposes. There is no need to access this
menu if the network is running smoothly.
Statistics Menu
===============

[4] Show IP statistics

[8] Show DPAL statistics
[9] Show Reg DPAL statistics

[q] Quit

Please choose:
Figure 123: Device Statistics Menu on the Console.

10.2.3.1 IP statistics
A sample console output is shown in Figure 124.

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*********** INTERFACE STATISTICS ************

***** lo0 *****
Address:127.0.0.1
Flags: Up Loopback Running Multicast
Send queue limit:50 length:0 Dropped:0
***** eth0 *****
Address:192.168.0.2 Broadcast Address:192.168.0.255
Flags: Up Broadcast Running Simplex Multicast
Send queue limit:50 length:0 Dropped:0
Network Driver Stats for CS8900 :
rx ready len - 50 rx loaded len - 0
rx packets - 931 tx packets - 165
rx bytes - 78480 tx bytes - 13627
rx interrupts - 931 tx interrupts - 165
rx dropped - 0 rx no mbuf - 0
rx no custers - 0 rx oversize errors - 0
rx crc errors - 0 rx runt errors - 0
rx missed errors - 0 tx ok - 165
tx collisions - 0 tx bid errors - 0
tx wait for rdy4tx - 0 tx rdy4tx - 0
tx underrun errors - 0 tx dropped - 2
tx resends - 0 int swint req - 2094
int swint res - 2094 int lockup - 0
interrupts - 3189

************ MBUF STATISTICS ************

mbufs: 512 clusters: 64 free: 14
drops: 0 waits: 0 drains: 0
free:461 data:51 header:0 socket:0
pcb:0 rtable:0 htable:0 atable:0
soname:0 soopts:0 ftable:0 rights:0
ifaddr:0 control:0 oobdata:0

************ IP Statistics ************

total packets received 922
datagrams delivered to upper level 922
total ip packets generated here 158

Destination Gateway/Mask/Hw Flags Refs Use Expire

Interface
default 192.168.0.1 UGS 6 0 0 eth0
62.178.55.77 192.168.0.1 UGH 0 1 3606 eth0
62.178.95.96 192.168.0.1 UGH 0 1 3606 eth0
81.109.145.243 192.168.0.1 UGH 0 1 3606 eth0
81.109.251.36 192.168.0.1 UGH 0 1 3606 eth0
127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 0 0 0 lo0
130.140.10.21 192.168.0.1 UGH 1 6 0 eth0
192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 3 eth0
192.168.0.1 00:04:5A:26:96:1F UHL 7 0 1722 eth0
213.18.80.166 192.168.0.1 UGH 1 148 0 eth0
************ TCP Statistics ************

************ UDP Statistics ************

total input packets 924
total output packets 158

************ ICMP Statistics ************

Figure 124: IP Statistics.

The IP statistics menu has the additional feature of displaying any IP address conflicts. If
the device’s IP address conflicts with another host on the network, the banner shown in
Figure 125 is displayed.
WARNING: Conflicting IP address detected!
IP address 10.125.123.95 also used by device with MAC address
00 04 5A CC 10 41!

Clear IP conflict history (y/n):

Figure 125: IP Address Conflict.

As useful information, the MAC address of the conflicting host is shown. If the information
about this conflict shall be cleared, enter ‘y’. If ‘n’ is selected, the conflict will show up
again the next time this menu is entered.

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11 Application Notes

11.1 The LSD Tool

Please refer to application note “AN002E LSD Tool” for further information about the
LOYTEC system diagnostics tool for the L-Gate.

11.2 Use of Static, Dynamic, and External NVs on a Device

Please refer to application note “AN009E Changing Device Interface in LNS” for more
information on the static NV interface, XIF files, device templates and the use of static,
dynamic, and external NVs on LOYTEC gateway products.

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12 Firmware Versions

Table 12 shows the most important features available only in certain firmware versions.

Firmware Version/
Features

1.0.0

1.1.0

1.2.0

3.0.0

3.1.0

3.2.0
CEA-709/BACnet gateway √ √ √ √ √ √
BACnet Network Scan - √ √ √ √ √
CEA-709 Network Scan - √ √ √ √ √
UNVTs, SCPTs - - √ √ √ √
XML configuration - - - √ √ √
Scheduler - - - √ √ √
Trendlog - - - √ √ √
Alarming (Intrinsic Reporting) - - - √ √ √
E-Mail - - - √ √ √
L-Gate Backup/Restore configuration - - - - √ √
Default, Persistent Values - - - - √ √
Math Objects & Registers - - - - √ √
Schedule/Write parts of NVs - - - - √ √
Next state (SNVT_tod_event) - - - - √ √
Embedded calendar - - - - √ √
Min/max/average trends (CEA-709) - - - - √ √
BACnet BBMD - - - - √ √
Map all BACnet Properties - - - - √ √
CEA-709 Self-Installation - - - - √ √
LWEB-801 Support - - - - - √
Run-time Configuration - - - - - √
Table 12: Available Features depending on Firmware Version

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13 Specifications

13.1 LGATE-900
13.1.1 Physical Specifications
Operating Voltage 12-35 VDC or 12-24 VAC ±10%

Power Consumption typ. 3 W

In rush current up to 950 mA @ 24 VAC

Operating Temperature (ambient) 0°C to + 50°C

Storage Temperature 10°C to +85°C

Humidity (non condensing) operating 10 to 90% RH @ 50°C

Humidity (non condensing) storage 90% RH @ 50°C

Enclosure Installation enclosure 6 TE, DIN 43 880

Environmental Protection IP 40 (enclosure); IP 20 (screw terminals)

Installation DIN rail mounting (EN 50 022) or wall

mounting

13.1.2 Resource Limits

Total number of data points 10000

User registers 1000

NVs (static, dynamic) 1000

External NVs 1000

Alias NVs 1000 (both in ECS and legacy mode)

Address table entries 512 (15 in legacy mode)

LONMARK calendar objects 1 (25 calendar patterns)

LONMARK scheduler objects 100

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BACnet objects (analog, binary, multi-state) 750

BACnet client mappings 750

BACnet calendar objects 25

BACnet scheduler objects 100 (64 data points per object)

BACnet notification class objects 32

BACnet trend log objects 100 (total aggregated size of 130000 log records
or roughly 2MB.

E-mail templates 100

Math objects 100

Alarm logs 10

Connections 1000

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14 Revision History

Date Version Author Description

2006-09-29 1.0 STS Initial revision V1.0

2007-01-11 1.0.1 STS Corrected Table 4, 7. Updated Section 2.3, 6.2, 6.3, and 6.4 for L-
Gateway configuration software 2.0.
2007-03-16 1.1 STS Updated Section 4.9.3, added Section 4.11, added Section 5.2.6 on the
data point Web UI, rewrote Chapter 6 to cover more use cases, added
Chapter 7 on using the L-Gateway configuration software, updated
firmware update Section 10.1.
2008-02-08 3.0 STS Major revision to cover L-Gate 3.0 and L-Gateway configuration software
3.0.
2008-08-04 3.0.1 STS Updated Section 8.1.2 with new data logger CSV format version 2.
2009-09-22 3.1 STS Major revision to cover L-Gate and L-Gate Configurator version 3.1.
2010-10-11 3.2 STS Updated for L-Gate 3.2.0 release. Removed Section on Console UI and
added console statistics as Section 10.2. Added Section 4.2.3 port
configuration Web UI. Section 6.3 project settings: added new ASTv2
setting. Added Section 6.2.5: Managing Multistate Maps. Added Section
6.2.6 CEA-709 Properties. Added Section 6.2.7 BACnet Properties.
Added Section 6.8.3 Using Feedback Data Points.

Version 3.2 LOYTEC electronics GmbH