AC 61-89E

Advisory
Circular
Subject: PILOT CERTIFICATES: Date: 8/4/00 AC No: 61-89E
AIRCRAFT TYPE RATINGS Initiated by: AFS-840/AFS-630 Change:

1. PURPOSE. This advisory circular (AC) Handbook, which provides detailed information
provides a generic type rating curriculum that on training programs for part 121 and part 135
may serve as a basis for schools to develop a operators. This order is available from the
training program outline (TPO) to meet the Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954,
type rating training requirements of Title 14 of Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954. If used, this generic
the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) parts curriculum should be adapted to include specific
61, 141, and 142. This AC also provides pilot data and characteristics of the aircraft for which
certificate designations adopted by the Federal the type rating is being issued.
Aviation Administration (FAA) for aircraft type
ratings and standardizes aircraft designations b. Additional training requirements:
placed on pilot certificates to show type rating A pilot who has an AMEL certificate limited to
qualifications. center thrust or an ASEL certificate to receive
a type rating in a multiengine aircraft must
2. CANCELLATION. AC 61-89D, Pilot complete multiengine land training as part of
Certificates: Aircraft Type Ratings, dated the type rating course. Most airplanes that
February 21, 1991, is canceled. require type ratings have more than 200
horsepower (or the equivalent thrust),
3. BACKGROUND. Training centers, pilot pressurization, and service ceilings and/or
schools, pilot examiners, and the general maximum operating altitudes above 25,000
aviation public have a continuing need for a feet mean sea level. Pilots would therefore be
type rating reference such as that provided by required to receive both a high-performance
this circular. This AC provides a guideline for endorsement and a high-altitude endorsement
schools and agencies that offer type rating in their logbook or training record before acting
training. Programs operating under 14 CFR as pilot in command of those airplanes. If they
parts 121, 135, 141, and 142 that offer only do not have the endorsements when they begin
type rating training are required to submit training for the type rating, the training for
training programs. those endorsements may be included in the
type rating curriculum if the airplane for which
4. INTRODUCTION. the type rating is required fits the appropriate
description. However, separate logbook or
a. The content of this curriculum training record endorsements must be issued
(appendix 1) is based on the maneuvers and for the type rating, high-performance, and/or
procedures of section 61.157(e)(1)(2) and on high-altitude training, as appropriate. If high-
FAA-S-8081-5, Airline Transport Pilot and performance and high-altitude training is
Aircraft Type Rating Practical Test Standards conducted in conjunction with type rating
(PTS) for Airplane. The format of this training, the high-performance and high-
curriculum is based on FAA Order 8400.10, altitude training should include specific
Air Transportation Operations Inspector’s operational aspects of the airplane. For example,
Par 1
AC 61-89E 8/4/00

the high-altitude training recommended in AC Qualification; AC 120-45, Airplane Flight

61-107, High-Altitude Operations, should Training Device Qualification; and part 121,
include the airplane’s particular systems and appendix H, Advanced Simulation Plan, for
procedures for operating at high altitudes flight simulators and flight training
(such as the pressurization system and the devices.
specific decompression and emergency
descent procedures described in the Airplane e. The duration and specific content
Flight Manual (AFM) or Pilot's Operating of each lesson will depend on the aircraft for
Handbook (POH)). which the type rating is sought and on the
type of the operation. For example, if the
c. Although the requirements of aircraft is equipped with a simple autopilot,
section 61.63(d)(6)(i) apply to additional the instruction on autoflight systems may
aircraft ratings, the generic curriculum in this not take more than half an hour and can be
AC may be used for any aircraft that requires combined with another lesson. However, the
a type rating. Regardless of whether this generic pilot may need to undergo more than 2 hours
curriculum is used, it is the responsibility of of instruction before fully understanding the
each operator to update its curriculum as operation of some sophisticated autopilots.
necessary and to adapt that curriculum to the Examples of different types of operations
specific aircraft, flight environment, and type that may affect the length of each lesson are
of flight operations that will be conducted. The visual flight rules (VFR) vs. instrument flight
TPO should contain detailed information on rules (IFR) operations and single pilot vs.
the type of operation, the training environment, two or more flight crewmembers. The
and completion standards. The instruction instructor should adjust the curriculum
provided in this curriculum is designed as accordingly, ensuring that the applicable
initial equipment training and consists of items contained in appendix 1 are covered.
approximately 50 hours of ground instruction,
15 hours of simulator or training device f. Appendix 2 contains a revised list of
instruction, and four flights in the airplane (15 aircraft type designations which are placed on
hours, including ground time). The number of pilot certificates.
hours is recommended and may be modified to
meet the training requirements. g. Appendix 3 specifies the use of the
limitation area on the airman certificate for
d. Users of this AC should be aware that operational restrictions associated with type
qualification criteria exists in the most current ratings, e.g., N-B-25, VFR ONLY or center
issues of AC 120-40, Airplane Simulator thrust limitations.

L. Nicholas Lacey
Director, Flight Standards Service

2 Par 4
 AC 61-89E
8/4/00 Appendix 1

APPENDIX 1. CONTENTS

SEGMENT 1 - GENERAL OPERATIONAL SUBJECTS ........................................................... 1

Lesson #1 - Introduction to the Aircraft and Operating Limitations (2 hours) ......... 1

Lesson #2 - Weight and Balance (2 hours) ............................................................................. 1
Lesson #3 - Adverse Weather Practices (2 hours) ............................................................... 2
Lesson #4 - Aerodynamics, Performance, Minimum Equipment List (MEL), and
Configuration Deviation List (CDL) (3 hours) ............................................................. 2
Lesson #5 - Segment 1 Written Examination ........................................................................ 3

SEGMENT 2 - AIRPLANE SYSTEMS AND COMPONENTS ................................................... 3

Lesson #6 - Fuel and Oil Systems (3 hours) .......................................................................... 3

Lesson #7 - Powerplant(s) (3 hours) ........................................................................................ 3
Lesson #8 - Electrical System (2 hours) ................................................................................. 4
Lesson #9 - Hydraulic System (2 hours) ................................................................................ 4
Lesson #10 - Landing Gear and Brakes (2 hours) ............................................................... 4
Lesson #11 - Pneumatics System (1 hour) ............................................................................. 5
Lesson #12 - Environmental System (3 hours) ..................................................................... 5
Lesson #13 - Flight Controls (4 hours) ................................................................................... 5
Lesson #14 - Ice and Rain Protection (2 hours) ................................................................... 6
Lesson #15 - Fire and Overheat Protection (2 hours) ........................................................ 6
Lesson #16 - Flight Instruments (2 hours) ............................................................................ 6
Lesson #17 - Navigation Equipment and Display Systems (4 hours) ............................. 7
Lesson #18 - Autoflight (2 hours) ............................................................................................. 7
Lesson #19 - Communications Equipment (1 hour) ........................................................... 7
Lesson #20 - Miscellaneous and Review (2 hours) .............................................................. 8
Lesson #21 - Segment 2 Written Examination ..................................................................... 8

SEGMENT 3 - AIRCRAFT-SPECIFIC EMERGENCY TRAINING .......................................... 8

Lesson #22 - Emergency Equipment (2 hours) ..................................................................... 8

Lesson #23 - Abnormal and Emergency Procedures (4 hours) ........................................ 8
Lesson #24 - Segment 3 Written Examination ..................................................................... 9
Lesson #25 - Review (3 hours) .................................................................................................. 9
Lesson #26 - Final Examination ............................................................................................... 9

SEGMENT 4 - SYSTEMS INTEGRATION TRAINING .............................................................. 9

Lesson #27 - Cockpit Familiarization and Use of Checklists (2 hours) ....................... 10

Lesson #28 - Flight Maneuvers and Display Systems (2 hours) .................................... 10
Lesson #29 - Flight Operations and Use of Autopilot (3 hours) .................................... 11
Lesson #30 - Emergency Procedures (2 hours) .................................................................. 12
Lesson #31 - Normal/Abnormal Flight Operations Review; Use of Navigation
Systems (2 hours) ............................................................................................................... 12
Lesson #32 - Normal/Abnormal Flight Operations (2 hours) ......................................... 13
Lesson #33 - Line Oriented Flight Training (LOFT) (2 hours) ...................................... 13
Lesson #34 - Crew Resource Management (2 hours) ........................................................ 14

i
AC 61-89E
Appendix 1 8/4/00

APPENDIX 1. CONTENTS (CONTINUED)

SEGMENT 5 - FLIGHT INSTRUCTION ......................................................................................15

Lesson #35 - Introduction to the Airplane; Basic Maneuvers (4 hours) ......................15

Lesson #36 - Proficiency Training (4 hours) .......................................................................16
Lesson #37 - Emergency Procedures; Proficiency (4 hours) ...........................................16
Lesson #38 - Night Checkout; Review (3 hours) .................................................................18

ii
 AC 61-89E
8/4/00 Appendix 1

CURRICULUM
GROUND INSTRUCTION. Acceptable completion standards for each lesson and examinations
should be established by the operator. Many operators use a pass/fail system, while others may
prefer a minimum passing grade for written examinations.

SEGMENT 1 – GENERAL OPERATIONAL SUBJECTS

OBJECTIVE: The applicant will clearly understand operational requirements that are specific to
the aircraft for which the type rating is required.

COMPLETION STANDARDS: The applicant must be able to demonstrate knowledge and

understanding of the subject matter by passing a written examination to acceptable standards.

NOTE: Items indicated by an asterisk (*) are instrument procedures that apply only to type ratings
that are not restricted to VFR.

Lesson #1 – Introduction to the Aircraft and Operating Limitations (2 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant will become familiar with the aircraft’s history, background,
operating limitations, and general characteristics.

B. Content:

1. Introduction and course overview.

2. General aircraft information – Manufacturer; other models; years of production; aircraft
authorizations and specifications; equipment and furnishings; unique characteristics.
3. Operating limitations.
4. AFM/POH – General layout, content, and use.

C. Completion Standards: The applicant must be able to demonstrate, by oral testing and
discussion, an understanding of the lesson content.

Lesson #2 – Weight and Balance (2 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant will become familiar with the weight and balance limitations of the
aircraft and be able to ensure the aircraft is properly loaded.

B. Content:

1. Computations of center of gravity (CG) location for specified load conditions, including
adding, removing, or shifting weight.
2. Determining if the computed CG is within the forward, aft, and lateral (if applicable)
limits for takeoff and landing.
3. Effects of fuel burn on CG.

C. Completion Standards: The applicant must be able to demonstrate proficiency in using the
aircraft weight and balance charts to solve loading problems.

1
AC 61-89E
Appendix 1 8/4/00

Lesson #3 – Adverse Weather Practices (2 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant will become familiar with the manufacturer’s recommended
practices for operating in adverse weather conditions.

B. Content (as applicable):

1. Operations in ice, slush, and snow.

2. Operations in turbulence.
3. Operations in heavy precipitation.
4. Low level windshear encounter.
a. Takeoff under suspected windshear.
b. Suspected windshear approach.
5. Thunderstorm avoidance.
6. Thunderstorm precautions.
7. Cold weather precautions.
8. Low visibility operations.

C. Completion Standards: The applicant must be able to demonstrate, by oral testing and
discussion, knowledge of the manufacturer’s recommended adverse weather practices.

Lesson #4 – Aerodynamics, Performance, Minimum Equipment List (MEL), and

Configuration Deviation List (CDL) (3 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant will become familiar with the aerodynamic, performance
characteristics, limitations, and MEL/CDL for the aircraft.

B. Content (as applicable):

1. Review of aerodynamic fundamentals.

2. Airflow – Airfoils; wing type; aerodynamic effect of spoilers, speed brakes, flaps, slats, and
other configurations.
3. Low/high-speed aerodynamics and stability.
4. Recommended airspeeds during specific phases of flight.
5. Stall/spin characteristics and limitations.
6. Performance charts, tables, tabulated data, and other related AFM/POH information –
Accelerate-stop/accelerate-go distance; takeoff performance, with all engines and with
engine(s) inoperative; climb performance, with all engines and with engine(s) inoperative;
cruise performance; fuel consumption, range, and endurance; descent performance; and
other performance data (appropriate to the aircraft).
7. Normal, abnormal, and emergency performance characteristics.
8. Meteorological and weight-limiting performance factors (e.g., temperature, pressure,
contaminated runways, precipitation, climb/runway limits).
9. Inoperative equipment performance limiting factors ( e.g., MEL/CDL, inoperative antiskid).
10. Special operational conditions (e.g., unpaved runways and high-altitude airports).
11. Other information found in the approved AFM/POH on the aircraft’s aerodynamics,
performance, and limitations.

C. Completion Standards: The applicant must be able to demonstrate use of the aircraft’s
performance charts to determine aircraft performance and limitations during all flight
2
 AC 61-89E
8/4/00 Appendix 1

regimes. The applicant must also be familiar with a permitted inoperative component
MEL/CDL as it affects aircraft operation.

Lesson #5 – Segment 1 Written Examination – The applicant must be able to pass the written
examination on material covered during Segment 1.

SEGMENT 2 – AIRPLANE SYSTEMS AND COMPONENTS

OBJECTIVE: The applicant will understand the aircraft system components, limitations, relevant
controls, actuators, annunciators, and procedures for various system configurations.

COMPLETION STANDARDS: The applicant must be able to demonstrate knowledge of the

aircraft’s systems and components by passing a written examination to acceptable standards.

Lesson #6 – Fuel and Oil Systems (3 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant will become familiar with the fuel and oil systems, including
AFM/POH normal operating procedures.

B. Content (as applicable):

1. Fuel system – Tank location(s) and venting systems; capacity; drains; pumps; distribution;
fuel injectors, carburetors or fuel control; fuel heat; controls; indicators; crossfeeding;
transferring; fuel grade, color, and additives; fueling and defueling procedures; emergency
substitutions; fuel jettisonsystem.
2. Oil system – Capacity; grade; quantities; indicators.
3. AFM/POH normal procedures, limitations, and operational considerations.

C. Completion Standards: The applicant must be able to demonstrate knowledge and

understanding of the aircraft’s fuel and oil systems.

Lesson #7 – Powerplant(s) (3 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant will become familiar with the components and operation of the
powerplant(s).

B. Content (as applicable):

1. Powerplant – Type and thrust/horsepower; controls and indicators; induction system;

fuel injection/carburetion/fuel control; exhaust and turbocharging; cooling; fire detection/
protection; mounting points; turbine wheels; compressors; other applicable components
(thrust reversers, engine synchronizer).
2. Propellers – Type; controls; allowable wear; feathering/unfeathering; autofeather negative
torque sensing; synchronizing and synchrophasing.
3. Ignition system.
4. AFM/POH normal operating procedures and limitations.

C. Completion Standards: The applicant must be able to demonstrate knowledge and

understanding of the powerplant structure and operation.

3
AC 61-89E
Appendix 1 8/4/00

Lesson #8 – Electrical System (2 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant will become familiar with the electrical systems and their operation.

B. Content (as applicable):

1. Fundamentals of AC/DC electricity.

2. AC/DC power; battery/emergency bus; alternators; generators; fuses; circuit breakers
and current limiters; controls; indicators; external ground power; auxiliary power unit
(APU).
3. Normal AFM/POH operation and limitations of electrical power system units.

C. Completion Standards: The applicant must be able to demonstrate, by oral testing and
discussion, knowledge and understanding of the electrical power systems, operation and
limitations.

Lesson #9 – Hydraulic System (2 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant will become familiar with the hydraulic system and its operation
and limitations.

B. Content (as applicable):

1. Principles of hydraulics.
2. System construction features – Capacity; pumps; pressure; reservoirs; fluid grade;
regulators and accumulators.
3. Use of hydraulics – Systems and subsystems.
4. Normal AFM/POH operation and limitation of hydraulic system.

C. Completion Standards: The applicant must be able to demonstrate knowledge and

understanding of the hydraulic systems.

Lesson #10 – Landing Gear and Brakes (2 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant will become familiar with the landing gear and brake system, its
operation and limitations.

B. Content (as applicable):

1. Landing gear system – Indicators; tires; nosewheel steering; skids; shocks.

2. Brakes – Components; operation.

C. Completion Standards: The applicant must be able to demonstrate knowledge, understanding

and the operation of landing gear, brake systems and their limitations.

4
 AC 61-89E
8/4/00 Appendix 1

Lesson #11 – Pneumatics System (1 hour)

A. Objective: The applicant will become familiar with the pneumatic systems, their operation
and limitations.

B. Content (as applicable):

1. Principles of pneumatics.
2. Description of system elements – Engine-driven pumps; bleed-air sources, routing,
venting, and controlling; pressure limiting devices.
3. AFM/POH normal operating procedures and limitations.

C. Completion Standards: The applicant must be able to demonstrate knowledge and

understanding of the airplane’s pneumatic system, its operation and limitations.

Lesson #12 – Environmental Systems (3 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant will become familiar with the environmental systems and their
operation.

B. Content (as applicable):

1. Heating; cooling; ventilation.

2. Air conditioning.
3. Pressurization – Components; controls; indicators; regulating devices; system operation;
emergency pressurization.
4. AFM/POH normal operating procedures and limitations.

C. Completion Standards: The applicant must be able to demonstrate knowledge and

understanding of the environmental systems and their operation.

Lesson #13 – Flight Controls (4 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant will become familiar with and be able to operate the flight control
systems.

B. Content (as applicable):

1. Primary flight controls (yaw, pitch, and roll devices).

2. Secondary flight controls (leading/trailing edge devices, flaps, trim, spoilers, speed
brakes, and damping mechanisms).
3. Associated devices such as stall or speed warning devices.
4. AFM/POH normal operating procedures and limitations.

C. Completion Standards: The applicant will be able to operate, demonstrate knowledge, and
understand the flight control systems and their limitations.

5
AC 61-89E
Appendix 1 8/4/00

Lesson #14 – Ice and Rain Protection (2 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant will become familiar with and be able to operate the airplane’s ice
protection systems.

B. Content (as applicable):

1. Ice detection.
2. Anti-ice/deice systems.
3. AFM/POH normal operating procedures and limitations.

C. Completion Standards: The applicant will be able to demonstrate knowledge and

understanding of the airplane’s ice protection systems and their limitations.

Lesson #15 – Fire and Overheat Protection (2 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant will become familiar with the fire and overheat protection systems,
their operation and limitations.

B. Content (as applicable):

1. Fire and overheat sensors, loops, modules, or other means of providing visual and/or aural
indications of fire or overheat detection.
2. Automatic extinguishing systems.
3. Power sources necessary to provide detection of fire and overheat conditions in engines,
APU, cargo bay/wheel well, cockpit, cabin, and/or lavatories.

C. Completion Standards: The applicant will be able to demonstrate knowledge and

understanding of the fire/overheat protection systems and their limitations.

Lesson #16 – Flight Instruments (2 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant will become familiar with the location, operation and limitations of
the flight instruments.

B. Content (as applicable):

1. Panel arrangement.
2. Pilot static system and instruments – Operation of the system, including drains, pilot
heat, and alternate static sources; airspeed indicator bug settings, including markings;
altimeter; vertical speed indicator.
3. Vacuum system and instruments – Operation of the system, including gauges and
malfunction indications; attitude indicator; heading indicator; turn and slip indicator.
4. Electrically operated instruments – Turn and bank coordinator; attitude indicator; radio
altimeter.
5. Magnetic compass – Errors in and use of magnetic compass system.
6. Air data computer.
7. Stall avoidance and warning systems.

6
 AC 61-89E
8/4/00 Appendix 1

C. Completion Standards: The applicant will be able to demonstrate knowledge and

understanding of the flight instrument systems and their position on the panel.

Lesson #17 – Navigation Equipment and Display Systems (4 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant will become familiar with and be able to operate the navigation
equipment and display systems.

B. Content (as applicable):

1. Aircraft transponders, radio altimeters, electronic flight instrumentation system (EFIS),

or computer-generated displays of aircraft position and navigation information.
2. Navigation receivers – VOR, NDB, RNAV, LORAN-C, GPS , DME, marker beacon.
3. Inertial navigation systems (INS) – Functional displays, fault indications, comparator
systems.
4. Flight director (FD).
5. Weather detection systems – Stormscope, radar.
6. Traffic collision and avoidance system (TCAS).
7. Flight management system (FMS).
8. Low-altitude windshear system.

C. Completion Standards: The applicant must demonstrate knowledge and operation of the
airplane’s navigation equipment and display systems.

Lesson #18 – Autoflight (2 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant will become familiar with and be able to operate the airplane’s
autoflight system.

B. Content (as applicable): Autopilot/autothrottle – Interface with aircraft flight director and
navigation systems, including automatic approach tracking, autoland, and automatic fuel or
performance management systems.

C. Completion Standards: The applicant must be able to demonstrate knowledge and

understanding of the autoflight system.

Lesson #19 – Communications Equipment (1 hour)

A. Objective: The applicant will become familiar with and be able to operate the airplane’s
communications equipment.

B. Content (as applicable): VHF/HF radios; audio panels; interphone and passenger address
systems; voice recorder; ARINC communications addressing and reporting system.

C. Completion Standards: The applicant must be able to demonstrate knowledge and

understanding of the airplane’s communications systems and equipment.

7
AC 61-89E
Appendix 1 8/4/00

Lesson #20 – Miscellaneous and Review (2 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant will become familiar with the systems and components which have
been covered and review Segment 2.

B. Content (as applicable):

1. All other systems included in the approved AFM/POH (e.g., stability augmentation
devices, squat switch systems, drag chute).
2. Review any problem areas from Segment 2 in preparation for the segment examination.

C. Completion Standards: The applicant must be able to demonstrate knowledge and

understanding of the material covered during this segment to pass the written Segment 2
examination to acceptable standards.

Lesson #21 – Segment 2 Written Examination – The applicant must be able to pass the written
examination on material covered during Segment 2.

SEGMENT 3 – AIRCRAFT-SPECIFIC EMERGENCY TRAINING

OBJECTIVE: The applicant will become familiar with emergency and abnormal procedures
associated with aircraft systems, structural design, and operational characteristics.

COMPLETION STANDARDS: The applicant will have successfully completed Segment 3 when
able to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the emergency and abnormal procedures
specified in the approved AFM/POH by passing a written examination.

Lesson #22 – Emergency Equipment (2 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant will become familiar with the location and use of emergency
equipment.

B. Content (as applicable):

1. Survival gear.
2. Oxygen equipment and supply.
3. Emergency exits and escape slides.
4. Fire extinguisher(s).
5. Life vests and other personal flotation device(s).
6. Other emergency equipment.

C. Completion Standards: The applicant must be able to demonstrate knowledge of the location
and use of the airplane’s emergency equipment.

Lesson #23 – Abnormal and Emergency Procedures (4 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant will become familiar with the abnormal and emergency procedures
in the AFM/POH.

8
 AC 61-89E
8/4/00 Appendix 1

B. Content (as applicable):

1. Abnormal starting procedures, including knowledge of external power source usage,

abnormal starting limitations, and the proper corrective action required in the event of
a malfunction.
2. Powerplant failure under circumstances, including but not limited to, prior to rotation,
during climbout, during cruise flight, during approach, and in instrument meteorological
conditions (IMC).
3. Rapid decompression and emergency descent.
4. Ditching and evacuation procedures.
5. Electrical failure.
6. Failure of navigation or communications equipment.
7. Hydraulic failure.
8. Landing gear and flap systems failure or malfunction.
9. In-flight fire.
10. Smoke control and removal.
11. Ice and rain protection.
12. Anti-icing or deicing system failure or malfunction.
13. Runaway stabilizer/trim.

C. Completion Standards: The applicant must be able to demonstrate knowledge and

understanding of the abnormal and emergency procedures.

Lesson #24 – Segment 3 Written Examination – The applicant must be able to pass the written
examination on material covered during Segment 3.

REVIEW AND FINAL EXAMINATION

Lesson #25 – Review (3 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant will be prepared to successfully accomplish the final examination.

B. Content: All material covered during Segments 1-3.

C. Completion Standards: The applicant must be able to demonstrate knowledge and

understanding of the material covered during ground training that is applicable to the
aircraft.

Lesson #26 – Final Examination

SEGMENT 4 – SYSTEMS INTEGRATION TRAINING

OBJECTIVE: The applicant will be able to operate the simulator or training device and understand
the interrelation between the aircraft’s systems and normal, abnormal, and emergency procedures.

COMPLETION STANDARDS: The applicant will have successfully completed Segment 4 when
able to demonstrate proficiency, by performing the maneuvers and procedures of part 61, to PTS
standards on the simulator/training device portion of the practical test.

9
AC 61-89E
Appendix 1 8/4/00

Lesson #27 – Cockpit Familiarization and Use of Checklists (2 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant will become familiar with the crew briefing, cockpit layout,
checklists, and normal operating procedures and will be able to fly the aircraft, maintaining
attitude and orientation.

B. Content:

1. Preflight familiarization.
2. Introduction – Cockpit familiarization.
a. Airplane systems operation and location of systems indicators, gauges, and warning
devices.
b. Activation of airplane system controls and switches.
c. Use of checklists – Safety checks, cockpit preparation, checklist sequence.
3. Flight.
a. Normal procedures.
b. Pretakeoff checks, crew briefing, as appropriate to the airplane type.
c. Normal or crosswind takeoffs – Knowledge of airspeeds, configurations, and emergency
procedures recommended by the manufacturer for existing conditions. Following
takeoff, performance of required pitch changes, gear and flap retractions, power
adjustments, and other required pilot-related activities at the required airspeed/V-
speeds within the tolerances established in the AFM/POH.
d. Airspeed /V-speed control.
e. Straight and level cruise flight.
f. Climbs.
g. Descents.
h. Level, climbing, and descending turns.
i. In-flight pressurization control.
j. Approach to landing and landings.
(1) Appropriate configurations.
(2) Normal or crosswind landings.
4. Postflight critique and preview of next lesson.

C. Completion Standards: At the completion of this lesson, the applicant shall demonstrate
familiarity with the airplane checklists and normal operating procedures.

Lesson #28 – Flight Maneuvers and Display Systems (2 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant will continue cockpit orientation and will review basic in-flight
maneuvers and approaches (if applicable).

B. Content (as applicable):

1. Preflight discussion.
2. Introduction – Display systems operation (weather radar and other EFIS displays).
3. Flight.
a. Review of previous lesson.
b. Normal takeoffs.

10
 AC 61-89E
8/4/00 Appendix 1

c. Slow flight.
d. Approach to stalls and recovery. For the purpose of this maneuver, the required
approach to a stall is reached when there is a perceptible buffet or other response (stall
warning or stick shaker, depending on the airplane devices) to the initial stall entry.
(1) Takeoff configuration.
(2) Clean configuration.
(3) Landing configuration.
e. Steep turns.
f. Unusual attitudes.
g. Normal ILS approaches (coupled and manual).*
4. Postflight critique and preview of next lesson.

C. Completion Standards: The applicant shall demonstrate competency in performing the

maneuvers and procedures contained in this lesson to levels consistent with the PTS.

Lesson #29 – Flight Operations and Use of Autopilot (3 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant will review instrument procedures (if applicable) and further
develop the skills required for normal flight operations.

B. Content (as applicable):

1. Preflight discussion.
2. Introduction – Autoflight operation (autopilot, flight director, normal and abnormal
indications and annunciators lights).
3. Flight.
a. Review of previous lesson.
b. Instrument Departure Procedure (DP) and Standard Terminal Arrival Routes (STAR).
c. Adherence to simulated air traffic control (ATC) clearances and to airspeed restrictions
and adjustments required by regulations or the AFM/POH.
d. Use of autoflight system.
e. Performance of checklist items appropriate to the area of arrival.
f. Establishment, where appropriate, of a rate of descent consistent with the aircraft
operating characteristics and safety.
g. Holding, including entering, maintaining, and leaving holding patterns.*
h. Instrument approaches.*
(1) Precision approaches.
(2) Nonprecision approaches, including circling approaches at the authorized minimum
circling approach altitude.
(3) Missed approaches from precision and nonprecision approaches, including circling
approaches.
4. Postflight critique and preview of next lesson.

C. Completion Standards: The applicant shall demonstrate competency in performing the

maneuvers and procedures contained in this lesson to levels consistent with the PTS.

11
AC 61-89E
Appendix 1 8/4/00

Lesson #30 – Emergency Procedures (2 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant will practice the emergency procedures recommended in the
approved AFM/POH. The applicant will demonstrate proper knowledge of the flight
characteristics and controllability associated with maneuvering with powerplant(s) inoperative
as appropriate to the airplane, including control of airspeed, configuration, direction,
altitude, and attitude.

B. Content (as applicable):

1. Preflight discussion.
2. Introduction.
3. Flight.
a. Review of previous lesson.
b. Emergency procedures checklist familiarization.
c. Start malfunctions.
d. Instrument takeoff (simulated IMC at 100 feet).*
e. Powerplant failure(s) in flight.
f. In-flight fire.
g. Rapid decompression emergency procedures.
h. ILS approach with a simulated failure of one powerplant. The failure should occur
before initiating the final approach course and must continue to touchdown or through
the missed approach procedure.*
4. Postflight critique and preview of next lesson.

C. Completion Standards: The applicant shall display complete understanding of emergency

and abnormal procedures as recommended by the manufacturer in the AFM/POH.

Lesson #31 – Normal/Abnormal Flight Operations Review; Use of Navigation Systems

(2 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant shall develop skills in normal flight operations and in abnormal
flight situations with selected system malfunctions and gain skill in operating the airplane’s
navigation systems.

B. Content (as applicable):

1. Preflight discussion.
2. Introduction – Navigation systems.
a. Preflight and operation of applicable receivers.
b. Onboard navigation systems.
c. Flight plan information input and retrieval.
3. Flight.
a. Review of previous lesson.
b. Cold weather operation.
c. Rejected takeoff.
d. Climb to and cruise at high altitude, both with and without autopilot.
e. Use of navigation systems.
f. Ice and rain protection system operation and malfunction procedures.
g. Fuel systems malfunction.
12
 AC 61-89E
8/4/00 Appendix 1

h. Engine(s) inoperative landing from an ILS.*

i. Engine(s) inoperative nonprecision approach, circle to land.*
4. Postflight critique and preview of next lesson.

C. Completion Standards: The applicant shall display complete understanding of the airplane’s
navigation systems and of emergency and abnormal procedures as recommended by the
manufacturer.

Lesson #32 – Normal/Abnormal Flight Operations (2 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant shall further develop skills in normal and abnormal flight
operations.

B. Content (as applicable):

1. Preflight discussion.
2. Flight.
a. Review of previous lesson.
b. Hot weather operation.
c. Takeoff with engine failure after V 1 and before V 2.
d. Inadvertent overspeed recovery procedures.
e. Turbulence penetration.
f. Hydraulic system malfunction.
g. Flight control malfunctions.
h. Emergency gear extension.
i. No flap approach and landing.
j. Precision and nonprecision instrument approaches (normal and engine(s) inoperative).*
3. Postflight critique and preview of next lesson.

C. Completion Standards: The applicant shall demonstrate understanding of and proficiency

in the aircraft’s normal, abnormal, and emergency procedures to PTS standards.

Lesson #33 – Line Oriented Flight Training (LOFT) (2 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant shall be able to conduct a cross-country flight using the airplane’s
available equipment. During the flight, the instructor shall evaluate the applicant’s proficiency
level in the maneuvers and procedures covered during the course as well as during earlier
training (high-altitude enroute procedures, etc.). The instructor should identify and correct
any maneuvers that may require additional instruction.

B. Content (as applicable):

1. Preflight discussion.
2. Introduction – Flight planning.
a. Performance limitations (meteorological, weight, and MEL items).
b. Required fuel loads.
3. Flight.
a. Preflight planning.
b. Instrument Departure Procedure (DP).

13
AC 61-89E
Appendix 1 8/4/00

c. Compliance with manufacturer’s recommendations for power settings; airspeeds;

rate of climb; configuration.
d. Adherence to actual or simulated ATC clearances (including assigned radials) and to
airspeed restrictions and adjustments required by regulations or the AFM/POH.
e. Enroute.
(1) Appropriate use of oxygen and pressurization systems.
(2) Proper use of available navigation facilities and appropriate enroute procedures.
(3) Review of maneuvers and procedures from previous lessons, including simulated
emergencies.
f. Standard Terminal Arrival Routes (STAR).
(4) Performance of checklist items appropriate to the area arrival.
(5) Establishment, where appropriate, of a rate of descent consistent with the aircraft
operating characteristics and safety.
(6) Manually controlled ILS approach with a simulated failure of one powerplant. The
simulated failure should occur before initiating the final approach course and
continue to touchdown or through the missed approach procedure. *
4. Postflight critique and preview of practical test.

C. Completion Standards: The applicant shall be able to demonstrate competency in performing

the maneuvers and procedures required for the practical test to levels consistent with the
PTS.

Lesson #34 – Crew Resource Management (2 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant will become familiar with Crew Resource Management (CRM)
techniques and be able to facilitate the smooth flow of information and application of skills
between flight and ground crewmembers and ATC resulting in a safe, organized flight.

B. Content:

1. Human physiology.
a. Rest, naps, and sleep.
b. Effects of drugs and alcohol.
c. Smoking.
d. Other stresses; e.g., divorce, finance.
e. Eating habits.
f. Stress management.
2. Getting along with others.
a. Hazardous attitudes.
b. Communications skills.
3. Aeronautical decision making.
a. Risk assessment.
b. Risk management.
c. How to develop decision making skills.
4. Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs).
a. Use of checklists by the crew.
b. Challenge/No response.
c. Pilot flying vs. pilot not flying roles.
d. Abnormal/Emergency procedures.
e. First flight of the day.
14
 AC 61-89E
8/4/00 Appendix 1

f. Critical situations.
g. Deviations from the SOP.

C. Completion Standards: This lesson is complete when the applicant is able to demonstrate
satisfactory knowledge on a written examination on the lesson subject matter.

SEGMENT 5 – FLIGHT INSTRUCTION

Time allocations are suggested only and should be adjusted according to the applicant’s ability, the
type of airplane and equipment, and the type of operation.

OBJECTIVE: The applicant shall apply the knowledge and skill acquired during ground training
to the airplane.

COMPLETION STANDARDS: The applicant shall demonstrate proficiency in handling and

operating the airplane by passing the flight portion of the practical test to levels consistent with the
PTS.

Lesson #35 – Introduction to the Airplane; Basic Maneuvers (4 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant shall become familiar with the airplane and the local training
environment, and will be able to apply the knowledge gained from ground training to the
operation of the airplane.

B. Content:

1. Preflight discussion.
2. Introduction.
a. Airplane documentation – Registration; airworthiness certificate; maintenance logs;
MEL/CDL.
b. Preflight inspection – Complete visual inspection of interior and exterior, using
appropriate checklist.

C. Flight.

1. Prestart checklist.
2. Control system checks.
3. Normal starting procedures.
4. Radio and electronic equipment checks.
5. Systems operations familiarization and additional checks described in the approved
AFM/POH, checklists, or other approved material appropriate to the airplane type and
type of flight.
6. Taxiing.
7. Pretakeoff checks, crew briefing as appropriate to the airplane type.
8. Normal or crosswind takeoffs.
9. Airspeed/V-speed control.
10. Straight and level cruise flight.
11. Climbs.
12. Descents.
13. Level, climbing, and descending turns.
14. Steep turns.
15
AC 61-89E
Appendix 1 8/4/00

15. Approach to stalls.

a. Takeoff configuration.
b. Clean configuration.
c. Landing configuration.
16. Approach to landing and landings.
a. Appropriate configurations.
b. Normal or crosswind landings.
17. Engine shutdown procedures.

D. Postflight critique and preview of next lesson.

E. Completion Standards: At the completion of this lesson, the applicant shall demonstrate
basic airmanship qualities and understanding of flight characteristics of the aircraft.

Lesson #36 – Proficiency Training (4 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant shall gain proficiency in takeoffs, landings, VFR patterns, and will
begin instrument work, if applicable. This lesson should further acquaint the applicant with
the local training area.

B. Content.

1. Preflight discussion.
2. Flight.
a. Review of previous lesson.
b. Practice takeoffs and landings to become proficient with power settings, airspeeds,
and attitudes for flying a VFR pattern.
c. Takeoff with simulated IMC at or before reaching an altitude of 100 feet above the
airport elevation.*
d. ILS to missed approach.*
e. ILS approach and landing.*
f. Nonprecision approach to the circling minimum descent altitude (MDA), followed by
a change in heading and the necessary visual maneuvering to maintain a flight path
that permits a normal landing on a runway at least 90° from the final approach course
of the simulated instrument portion of the approach.*

C. Postflight critique and preview of next lesson.

D. Completion Standards: At the completion of this lesson, the applicant must be able to perform
the maneuvers contained in this lesson to PTS standards and takeoff and land without
assistance from the instructor.

Lesson #37 – Emergency Procedures; Proficiency (4 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant shall be able to perform emergency procedures that can be safely
simulated in the airplane. Although not all emergencies can be safely simulated in the
airplane, those that can should be practiced in accordance with the manufacturer’s
recommendations.

16
 AC 61-89E
8/4/00 Appendix 1

B. Content (as applicable):

1. Preflight discussion.
2. Review of previous lessons.
3. Introduction – Emergency procedures review.
4. Flight.
a. Powerplant failure(s).
b. On takeoff roll, before reaching a specified airspeed/V1 speed. The rejected takeoff
should encompass using the recommended braking procedure; maintaining positive
control; and accomplishing the appropriate powerplant failure procedures as
recommended by the appropriate checklist.
c. In multiengine airplanes, on climbout with a simulated failure of the most critical
powerplant at a point appropriate to the airplane type under the prevailing conditions
and in normal cruise flight. The recovery procedures should be as specified in the
AFM/POH and will include setting powerplant controls; reducing drag as necessary;
correctly identifying and verifying the inoperative powerplant; maintaining positive
aircraft control; attempting to determine the reason for the powerplant failure; and
following the prescribed aircraft checklist to secure the inoperative engine. When the
engine is actually shut down and feathered (if appropriate), the proper powerplant
restart procedures should be followed in accordance with the manufacturer’s
recommended procedures and pertinent checklist items.
d. In single-engine airplanes, establishing and maintaining the recommended best glide
airspeed; selecting a suitable airport or landing area that is within the performance
capability of the aircraft; following the emergency checklist items appropriate to the
aircraft; maintaining positive aircraft control throughout the maneuver; and using
airplane configuration devices, such as landing gear and wing flaps, in a manner
recommended by the manufacturer. Landings from a forward slip should be practiced,
as should spot simulated emergency landings from 1,000 feet above ground level
(AGL) with a 180° change of direction.
e. Runaway stabilizer.
f. Simulated loss of pressurization – Rapid decompression emergency procedures.
(1) Knowing the location and correct use of oxygen masks.
(2) Rapid descent.
g. Manually controlled ILS approach with a simulated failure of one powerplant. The
simulated failure should occur before initiating the final approach course and must
continue to touchdown or through the missed approach procedure.*
h. Zero-flap landing to simulate inoperable full or partial flaps, leading edge flaps, and
other similar devices.

C. Postflight critique and preview of next lesson.

D. Completion Standards: At the completion of this lesson, the applicant will be proficient in the
manufacturer’s recommended emergency procedures for the airplane and will be able to
competently demonstrate their execution in a simulated emergency situation.

17
AC 61-89E
Appendix 1 8/4/00

Lesson #38 – Night Checkout; Review (3 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant will become familiar with night operations in the airplane.

B. Content:

1. Preflight discussion.
2. Review of previous lessons.
3. Introduction – Night flying.

C. Flight:

1. Night aircraft inspection.

2. Use of cockpit and cabin lights.
3. Airplane lights (navigation; strobe; recognition beacon; landing; taxi and logo).
4. Takeoff and landing practice, including a simulated electrical failure.
5. Recovery from unusual attitudes in cruise flight.
6. Multiple instrument approaches.*
7. Review of any areas needing additional work.

D. Postflight critique and preview of practical test.

E. Completion Standards: The applicant must be able to demonstrate the ability to accurately
control all aspects of flying the airplane at night, including night emergency procedures.

PRACTICAL TEST

OBJECTIVE: The applicant shall be able to demonstrate knowledge of operational proficiency in

the airplane and its systems during the practical test.

CONTENT:

A. Oral examination.

B. Flight test.

1. Simulator/training device.
2. Airplane.

C. Evaluation and critique.

COMPLETION STANDARDS: The applicant shall demonstrate the proficiency required to pass
the practical test.

18
 AC 61-89E
8/4/00 Appendix 2

PILOT CERTIFICATE AIRCRAFT TYPE DESIGNATIONS

This appendix provides pilot certificate designations adopted by the FAA for aircraft type
ratings. It incorporates all revisions to previous listings, including new designations for aircraft
type certificated as of August 4, 2000.

The designations in column 4 of appendix 2 have been entered on all pilot certificates
issued or reissued with aircraft type ratings since May 1, 1977.

Previously used designations listed in column 3 of appendix 2 will remain in effect and
will not require a reissuance or conversion to the new type rating designations in effect as of
August 4, 2000.

1
AC 61-89E
Appendix 2 8/4/00

PILOT CERTIFICATE AIRCRAFT TYPE DESIGNATIONS—AIRPLANES

MANUFACTURER MODEL PRIOR CURRENT
DESIGNATION DESIGNATION DESIGNATION

Aero Commander Division 1121 Jet Commander AC-1121 IA-JET

North American Rockwell Corp Commodore Jet 1123 CJ-1123
Aerospatiale, France SN 601 Corvette SN-601
Aerospatiale/Aeritalia, France ATR-42, ATR-72 ATR-42, ATR-72
Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft, Argosy AW 650 Armstrong Whitworth AW-650
Ltd., UK AW-650
Avions Dassault, General Mystere 10 Falcon DA-10
Aernautique Marcel, Dassault,
France
Mystere 20 Falcon, Fan Jet GAMD/SUD-20 DA-20
Falcon 50-A, DA 900, DA-50
DA 900C, DA 900EX
Fan Jet Model 200 DA-200
Falcon DA-2000 DA-2000
Beech Aircraft Corp., USA BE-200T/200TC (Restricted) BE-200
Wichita, KS
BE-300, BE-350, BE-300
BE-300LW, BE-B300
BE-300FF BE-300FF
BE1900, BE1900C, BE1900D, BE1900
C-12J (Military)
BE-2000S (single pilot) BE-2000S
BE-2000 BE-2000
Diamond I, MU-300, MU-300 MU-300, BE-400
MU-300-10, BE-400 and
400T (USAF T-1A Jayhawk)
Boeing Co., USA 247-D Boeing 247 B-247
314 Boeing 314 B-314
S-307, SA-307 Boeing 307 B-307
377, C-97, YC-97 Boeing 377 B-377
707, 720, Boeing 707/720 B-707/B-720
C-135, VC-137, E3-A, E6-A/B
C-18B, EC-18B, EC-18D
727 Boeing 727 B-727
737/100/200/300/400/500/600/ Boeing 737 B-737
700/800, T-43
T-747, E-4, 747SP Boeing 747 B-747
B-747-400 B-747-4
757, 767, C-32A Boeing 757, 767 B-757, B-767
B-777-200 B-777
Boeing Commercial Airplane B-17 Boeing B-17 B-17
Company, USA DC-9, DC-9-50, C-9, DC-9-80, Douglas DC-9 DC-9
MD-80, MD-88, MD-90,
MD-90(EFD)
Breguet, France Fauvette 905A BG 905
Bombardier Aerospace, Canada BD-700-1A10 BBD-700
(Formerly Canadair Ltd.)
Bristol Aircraft Ltd., UK Britannia 305 BR-305
British Aerospace/Taiwanese BAE-146-70/85/100/115 Series BAE-146 BAE-146, AVR-146
Aerospace Corp.

2
 AC 61-89E
8/4/00 Appendix 2

PILOT CERTIFICATE AIRCRAFT TYPE DESIGNATIONS—AIRPLANES (CONTINUED)

British Aerospace Corporation BAE-ATP BAE-ATP
BAE-125-1000 BAE-125
HP.137, MK.1 BAE-3100
Jetstream Series 200
Jetstream 3101, 3201
Jetstream 4100 BA-4100
Concorde SST CONCRD
British Aircraft Corp., UK BAC 1-11 BAC-1-11 BA-111
Bushmaster Aircraft Bushmaster 2000 BU-2000
Canadair, Ltd., Canada CL-44 (Yukon) Canadair CL-44
CL600-2B19 CL-65
CL-215-1A10 CL-21 CL-215
CL-415 CL-415
(Challenger) CL-600
CL-600, CL-601, CL-6013A
CL-604, CL-600-2B16 CL-604
Cessna Aircraft Corp., USA CE-500, 501, 550, 552, 550S, CE-500
550B,, 560, 560 ULTRA, US
ARMY UC-35, T-47
CE-525, CE-525S CE-525, CE-525S
CE-560XL CE-560XL
Citation III, Model 650 CE-650
Citation VI, VII
Model CE-750 (Citation X) CE-750
Chase (also Roberts Aircraft YC-122 Chase YC-122 YC-122
Co.), USA
Consolidated Vultee Aircraft (See General Dynamics Corp.)
Convair (See General Dynamics Corp.)
Constructiones Aeronautics CASA (Model) CA-212
S.A. C-212-CB
CN-235-100/200/300, C-295 CN-235 C-295
Curtiss-Wright Corp., USA Commando CW-20 Curtiss-Wright, C-46 CW-46
Dart Aircraft Corp. (See General Dynamics Corp.)
deHavilland Aircraft of Caribou 4A deHavilland DH-4
Canada Ltd., Canada USAF C7A, Army CV2 Caribou DH-4
DHC-7 DHC-7
DHC-8 DHC-8
Dee Howard Co., USA Howard 500 Howard 500 HW-500
Dornier, Deutsche Aerospace, DO-228-101 DO-228
Friedrickshafen, Germany DO-328-100 DO-328
DO-328-300 DO-328JET
Douglas Aircraft Co. (See McDonnell Douglas)
Empresa Brasileira de EMB-110P1, P2, P3 EMB-110
Aeronautica, Brazil EMB-120 EMB-120
EMB-135, EMB- 145 EMB-145
Fairchild Aircraft Corp., USA Friendship F-27, F-227 Fairchild F-27/227 F-27
SA 226-TC, SA 227-AT, TT, SA-227
AC, BC, CC, DC, C-26A/B
C-119C FA-119C
C-123 FA-C123
Fairchild Hiller C-82A C-82A
Fokker, Netherlands Fokker F27 Mark100, 200, 300, F-27
400, 500, 600, 700, and 800,
Fairchild F-27, 27A, B, J, M
Fairchild Hiller FH-227, FH-
227B/C/D/E
Fellowship F-28
(Models 1000 & 4000) FK-28
Fokker 28 MK 0100, 0070 FK-100

3
AC 61-89E
Appendix 2 8/4/00

PILOT CERTIFICATE AIRCRAFT TYPE DESIGNATIONS—AIRPLANES (CONTINUED)

Ford Motor Corp., USA Tri-Motor 4-AT Ford-5 FO-5
5-AT, FO-5
General Dynamics Corp., USA PB2Y, PB2Y-5 Consolidated-Vultee PB2Y CV-PB2Y
PB4Y-2, QP-4B Consolidated-Vultee P4Y CV-P4Y
PBY-5, 5A, 6A, 28-4, 28-5 Consolidated-Vultee PBY-5 PBY-5
28-5ACF, AMC, OA-10, A
LB-30, C87A, RB-24 Consolidated-Vultee LB-30 CV-LB30
240, 340, 440, T-29, C-131 Convair 240/340/440 CV-240/340/440
22, 22M (880) (090) Convair 880/990 CV-880, CV-990
Napier-Eland Napier-Eland CV-N1, CV-N2
Convair
Mark I, Mark II, Mark I/II
Allison Project
Convair 340, 440, 580 Allison 340/440 CV-A340, CV-A440
Dart Convair 240, 340, 440 Convair 600/640 CV-600, CV-640
Groupement d’Interet A-300B Airbus A-300
Economique Airbus Industries,
France
A-300-600R, A-310 A-310
A-319, A320, A-321 A-320
A-330-200/300 Series A-330
A-340-200/300 Series A-340
Grumman Aircraft Engineering TBF, TBM AF-2A Grumman TBF G-TBM
Corp., USA (Ref. T.O.AR-36)
G-64 Albatross, GSA16 G-111
HU-16RD
G-73 Turbo Mallard FA-73T G-73T
(Frankes Conversion)
G-73 Mallard Grumman G-73 G-73
S2F/C1A, S2F-1, S2F-3 G-S2
Gulfstream Aerospace G-159 Gulfstream Grumman G-159 G-159
Corporation, USA VC-4A, TC-4C
G-1159, A, B, C-20A, B, C, D, Grumman G-1159 G-1159
E
G-1159C, C-20F, G-IV
C-20G, C-20H
Variant G-1159 A&B, GIV G-V
Hamburger FlugZeubau Hansa Jet 320 HF-320
G.M.B.H., Germany
Handley Page Aircraft Herald 300 Handley Page 300 HP-300
Co., Ltd., UK
Hawker Siddeley DH-106, Comet 4C deHavilland 4C HS-106
Aviation Ltd., UK
DH-114 Heron Hawker Siddeley 114 HS-114
(Also see Raytheon Hawker DH-125, BH-125, HS-125 HS-125
Corporate Jets) Series (Except 1000) & HS-
125/800XP
Hawker Siddeley 748 HS-748
Howard Aero Corp. (See Dee Howard Co,)
Israel Aircraft Ltd., Israel IA-GALAXY GALAXY
Westwind 1124 IA-JET
Astra IAI-1125 IA-1125
(See Aero Commander) ARAVA IA 101B IA-101
Learjet Corp. 23, 24, 25, LR-23, LR-24, JR-JET
28, 29, 31, 35, LR-25, LR-28,
36, 55, C21-A LR-29, LR-35,
LR-36, LR-50
45 LR-45 LR-45
60 LR-60

4
 AC 61-89E
8/4/00 Appendix 2

PILOT CERTIFICATE AIRCRAFT TYPE DESIGNATIONS—AIRPLANES (CONTINUED)

LET as Corporation 686 04 L-420 L-420
Kundovice Czech Republic/
Ayres Corporation, Albany, GA
Lockheed Aircraft Corp., USA Lightning P-38 Lockheed P-38 L-P38
B-34, PV-1, PV-2 Lockheed B-34 L-B34
Series 14 Lockheed 14 L-14
18, C-57, C-60, R-50, Lockheed 18 L-18
Learstar
P2V7 (Restricted), LP2V-5F L-P2V
Constellation )49, 149, Lockheed Constellation L-1049
649, 749, 1049, 1946
Electra 188A/C, P-3, EA Lockheed 188 L-188
Jetstar, C-140, Jetstar II Lockheed 1329 L-1329
382, B/E/F/G, C-130A/B/E/H Lockheed 382 L-382
300, C-141 Lockheed 300 L-300
L-1011 Tristar L-1011
T-33 T-33
Lockheed Martin Aero Systems L-382J L382J
Martin-Marietta Corp., USA B-26 Marauder Martin B-26C M-B26
PBM-5, C-162 Martin PBM-5 M-PBM-5
Mariner 202/404 Martin 202/404 M-202, M-404
McDonnell Douglas Aircraft AD-4N AD-4N
Corp., USA
A-20 Douglas A-20 DC-A20
A-24, SBD Douglas A-24 DC-A24
PB-26 Douglas B-26 DC-B26
B-18 Douglas B-18 DC-B18
B-23, UC-67 Douglas-23 DC-B23
DC-2, C-32, C-34, Douglas DC-2 DC-2
C-39, C-42
DC-3, C-47, C-117 Douglas DC-3 DC-3
Super DC-3, C-117D Douglas DC-3S DC-3S
DC-3 (Turboprop) DC-3TP
DC-4, C-54 Douglas DC-4 DC-4
DC-6, DC-7, C-118 Douglas DC-6, DC-7 DC-6, DC-7
DC-8 Douglas DC-8 DC-8
DC-10, KC-10 DC-10
MD-11 MD-11
Mitsubishi Aircraft YS-11 YS-11 YS-11
International, Inc.
Morane-Saulnier, France MS760 Morane-Saulnier, MS-760 MS-760

Nihon Aeroplane YS-11 NAMC YS-11 YS-11

Manufacturing
Co., Ltd., Japan
Nord Aviation 262A Super Nord 262 ND-262
Broussard, Mohawk 298 ND 262/262FM

North American Rockwell B-25 Mitchell North American N-B25

Corp., USA
NA-265 Sabreliner, T-39 North American, NA-265 N-265
Northrop Corp., USA P-61 Black Widow Northrop P-61 NH-P61
Piaggio, Italy Piaggio-Douglas 808 Piaggio Douglas PD-808 P-808
Piper Aircraft, USA PA-42-720 (Restricted) PA-42R
Raytheon Hawker Corporate BAE-125-11000 BAE-125
Jets DH-125, BH-125, HS-125 Hawker Siddeley 125 HA-125
(Also see Hawker Siddeley) Series (except -1000)
SAAB-Fairchild International, SAAB-Fairchild 340 SF-340
S-58188 Linkoping, Sweden

5
AC 61-89E
Appendix 2 8/4/00

PILOT CERTIFICATE AIRCRAFT TYPE DESIGNATIONS—AIRPLANES (CONTINUED)

SAAB Aircraft AB, Sweden SAAB-2000 SA-2000
Short Brothers and Harland SD3-30, SD3-60 SD3-30 SD-3
Ltd., Northern Ireland (UK) Variant 200
Sikorsky Aircraft Division VS-44AC-32, C-34 Sikorsky VS-44 SK-44
of United Aircraft Corp., USA S-43 Sikorsky S-43 SK-43
Sud Aviation, France SE Caravelle I, II VIR SUD 210 S-210
Swearingen Fairchild SA 226-TC, SA-227
Aircraft Corp. SA-227-AC, BC, AT, TT
SA-227-DC
C-26A, C-26B, SA-227-CC
Vickers-Armstrong British 700 and 800 Series Vickers Viscount VC-700, VC-800
Aircraft Corp., UK

6
 AC 61-89E
8/4/00 Appendix 2

PILOT CERTIFICATE AIRCRAFT TYPE DESIGNATIONS—ROTORCRAFT

MANUFACTURER MODEL PRIOR CURRENT
DESIGNATION DESIGNATION DESIGNATION

Bell, USA BH-214ST BH-14ST

Boeing Vertol, USA 107-11, H-46 Vertol 107 H BV-107
Kawasaki, KV107-H
114, Ch-47A, B, and C series BV-114
BV-234 BV-234
BV-44, H-21 Vertol 44 BV-44
Sikorsky, USA H-37 Series SK-56
S-58 Series, Sikorsky S-58, S-581T SK-58
H-34 Series
S-61 Series, Sikorsky S-61 SK-61
H-3 Series
S-64 Series Sikorsky S-64 SK-64
CH-53A Series
HH-53, CH-53A Sikorsky S-65 SK-65
Sud Aviation, USA SA321F S-321
SA330F, SA-332 S-330
AS-330

The following applies to helicopters weighing 12,500 pounds or less on which type ratings are issued to holder of
airline transport pilot certificates only.

MANUFACTURER MODEL PRIOR CURRENT

DESIGNATION DESIGNATION DESIGNATION

Aerospatiale, France SA 341-342 Gazelle SA-341

SA 360
AS 350 Astar AS-350
SA 355 Twinstar AS-355
SA-360C Dauphine (SE) SA-360
SA 365 Dauphine (ME) SA-365
SA 365 Dolphin (HH-65) SA-365
Alaska Helicopters, Inc. ALAHEL HRP-1 PIASECKI HRP PI-HRP
Bell, USA 47 Series H-13 Series Bell 47 BH-47
204-B, UHI-B, -D, Bell 204 BH-204
H205A
206A, 206B Bell 206 BH-206
212/412 Series Bell 212 BH-212
214 Series None BH-214
(Except ST)
222 Series None BH-222
Brantely, USA B-2 (YH03BR) Brantely B-2 BY-2
B-305 Brantely B-305 BY-305
Construzioni Aeronautiche A109 Agusta A-109
Giovanni Agusta, Italy
Enstrom, USA F-28 Enstrom F-28 EN-28
Hiller, USA UH-12 Series, Hiller UH-12 HH-12
H-23 Series
Fairchild, USA FH-1100 FH-1100 FH-1100
Hughes, USA (Schweizer) 300, 269 Series Hughes 269A HU-269
500, 369 Series Hughes 500 HU-369

7
AC 61-89E
Appendix 2 8/4/00

PILOT CERTIFICATE AIRCRAFT TYPE DESIGNATIONS—ROTORCRAFT (CONTINUED)

Kaman Aerospace Corporation K-MAX (K-1200) KM-1200 (VFR ONLY)
Kaman, USA K-190A Kaman K-190A KM-190
K-225 Kaman K-225 KM-225
K-240, HTK-1 Kaman K-240 KM-240
K-600 None KM-600
Lockheed, USA Lockheed California 286 Lockheed California 286 L-286
McDonnell Douglas Notar MD-500 MD-500N, HU-369
369-E, 369FF
Messerschmitt Bolkow GMBH BO-105A BO-105
(West Germany)
BK-177-A1 BK-117
Omega, USA 12D1A Omega 12D1 OM-12
Piasecki, USA HRP-1, HRP-2 Piasecki HRP PI-HRP
Robinson Helicopter R-22 None R-22
R-44 R-44
Scheutzow, USA Model B SC
Sikorsky, USA R-4B Sikorsky R-4B SK-4
R-5A, YR-6A Sikorsky R-5A SK-5
R-64, HOS-1
S-51 Sikorsky S-51 SK-51
S-52 Series Sikorsky S-52 SK-52
S-55, H-19 Series Sikorsky S-55 SK-55
S-62A, HH-52A Sikorsky S-62 SK-62
S-76 SK-76
Silvercraft, USA SPA-SH4 SI-4
Sud Aviation (Aerospatiale) SE 3130, SE 313B, SE 3160, Sud Alouette II/III S-3130
SA 316B, SA 3180, SA 318B,
SA 318C, SA 315B
SO 1221 Sud Djinn S-1221
Westland Helicopters, Inc., W-30 WH-30
Yeoville, England

8
 AC 61-89E
8/4/00 Appendix 3

OPERATIONAL RESTRICTIONS

Applicants for type ratings on aircraft for which a type rating is required under 14 CFR section
61.31, and which are not listed in appendix 2, will be required to present evidence that at least
one aircraft of the type concerned has been issued an aircraft type certificate for civilian use.

NOTE: Since experimental aircraft are not issued type certificates, they are not eligible for
pilot type ratings.

The following operational restrictions pertaining to type ratings will appear as limitations
rather than as a part of the type rating on certificates:

1. Amphibian type ratings, such as CV-PBY5, will be repeated under limitations (Item XIII)
with appropriate restrictions; i.e., CV-PBY5 LIMITED TO SEA, unless proficiency has been
demonstrated on both land and water.

2. Type ratings restricted to VFR will be repeated under limitations (Item XIII) with
appropriate restrictions; i.e., N-B25, VFR ONLY.

Airplane Multiengine Class Rating Limited To Center Thrust

Airplane multiengine class ratings are issued based on either the successful completion of an
FAA practical test or on military qualification. A class rating issued for an airplane for which
no minimum control speed has been established by the manufacturer, shall be limited to center
thrust. The aircraft listed below are aircraft which are center thrust limited. A listing of
specific makes and models of military aircraft for which a center thrust limitation is not
required is also provided.

The FAA General Aviation and Commercial Division, AFS-800, determines any modifications
to these lists. When a determination is made by AFS-800, the manufacturer's data and 14 CFR
part 23 or part 25 criteria are used.

With Center Thrust Limitation Without Limitation

1. Cessna 336/337, T-37 1. Cessna A-37 Dragonfly
2. Fairchild Republic A-l0 Thunderbolt 2. Grumman American F-14 Tomcat
3. General Dynamics F-111
4. Grumman A6-E Intruder
5. McDonnell-Douglas F-4 Phantom
6. McDonnell-Douglas F-15 Eagle
7. Northrop/McDonnell-Douglas F-18A Hornet
8. Northrop T-38 Talon
9. Rockwell International T2 Buckeye

In the case of an applicant who requests the issuance of a multiengine class or type rating
based on military qualification in an aircraft not listed herein, but for which the manufacturer
has not provided documentary evidence of a minimum control speed for that aircraft, all
available data shall be forwarded to AFS-800 for review and evaluation to determine the
limitations necessary. It is expected that aircraft models will be added to, or deleted from, this
list by AFS-800 as circumstances warrant in the future.