MICRO GRID
K.SUNITHA
175D1A0220
Contents
•Introduction
•Microgrid Operating Modes
•Operation
•The Need of Microgrid
•Interconnected Microgrids
•Power Parks
•Environmental Aspects
•Conventional Grid versus Microgrid
• Advantages & Disadvantages of Microgrid
•Conclusion
Introduction
1. What is Microgrid?
•Its a smallscale power supply network that isdesigned to provi
de power for a small community.
•It enables local power generation for local loads.
•It comprises of various small power generating sourcesthat m
akes it highly flexible and efficient.
Microgrid Components
• Distributed Generation
• Loads
• Immediate storage
• Controller
• Point of Common Coupling
Microgrid Operating Modes
1. Grid Connected Mode:
• Utility grid is active.
• Static switch is closed
• All the feeders are beingsupplied by utility grid.
2.Island Mode:
• Utility grid is not supplying power
• Static switch is open.
• Feeder A, B, C are being suppliedby Microsources.
• Feeder D (not sensitive )is dead.
Operation:
• The operation and management of Micro-
grid in differentmodes are controlled and coordinate
d through:-
• Micro source controller(MC):
• The main function of MC is to independently controlt
he Power flow and load-
end voltage profile of the microsource in response to
any disturbance and load changes.
• Another significant aspect of MC is its quickness inre
sponding to the locally monitored voltages and curre
ntsirrespective of the data from the neighboring MCs
• Central controller(CC) :The CC executes the overallco
ntrol of Micro-
grid operation and protection through theMCs.Its obj
ectives are:-
• To maintain specified voltage and frequency at the lo
adend .
Interconnected Microgrids
• Practical size of Microgrids is limited to a few MVA.
• For larger loads, it is desirable to interconnect manyMicrogri
ds to form a larger Microgrid network calledPower Parks.
• The advantages of this Microgrid structure insuresgreater st
ability and controllability for the Power Parks.
The Need Of Microgrid:
• Microgrid could be the answer to our energy crisis.
• Transmission losses gets highly reduced.
• Microgrid results in substantial savings and cutsemissions wi
thout major changes to lifestyles.
• Provide high quality and reliable energy supply tocritical loa
ds
Advantages Of Micro grid:
•During a utility grid disturbance, micro grid canseparate and I
isolate itself from the utility seamlesslywith little or no disrupti
on to the loads within theMicrogrid.
• In peak load periods it prevents utility grid failure by
reducing the load on the grid.
• Significant environmental benefits made possible
Disadvantages:
• Voltage, frequency and power quality are three mainparame
ters that must be considered and controlled toacceptable st
andards whilst the power and energybalance is maintained.
• Electrical energy needs to be stored in battery banksthus req
uiring more space and maintenance.
• Resynchronization with the utility grid is difficult.
Conclusion:
• Microgrid, a new area in the power sector, has immensepotent
ial to reduce the effect of blackouts, powerdeficiencies and its
autonomy helps to supply poweruninteruptly to the customers
.
• Its implementation requires restructuring of electricalstandard
s, market rules and govt. grants, which are not abig issue but n
eed some time.
• This revolution has a great effect, because still there aresome p
laces where electricity has not been reached yetand for them
micro-
grid is the only affordable, sustainableand reliable option.
THANKS YOU
