Simple present
Rule: S+V+O
S = I , He , She , It , You , We , They V= eat , speak
I speak English.
Affirmative:
I
You the base form of the verb
We
They
I eat
You eat
We eat
They eat
He
She -s is added
It
He eats
She eats
It eats
I (play – plays – played) tennis.
He (need – needs – needing) help right now.
Negative:
I
You negative forms are made with do not
We
They
I do not eat
You do not eat
We do not eat
They do not eat
He
She negative forms are made with does not
It
He does not eat
She does not eat
It does not eat
She (does not - do not - did not) play tennis.
We (don’t – doesn’t – didn’t) cook pizza.
You play football. (negative)
You don't play football.
He cooks pizza. (negative)
He doesn't cook pizza.
Question:
I
You Questions are made with do
We
They
Do I eat?
Do you eat?
Do we eat?
Do they eat?
He
She Questions are made with does
It
Does he eat?
Does she eat?
Does it eat?
)Does – Do – Did) he play tennis?
(Do – Does – Did) you have your passport with you?
You play football. (question)
Do you play football?
Adverbs of frequency:
Rarely - always - sometimes - never - usually
100 % always
95 % usually
45 % sometimes
15 % Rarely
0% never
I rarely eat junk food.
He usually drinks coffee.
You play football. (always)
You always play football.
Present Progressive
1. Signal words
• now
• at the moment
• Look!
• Listen!
2. Form
S + BE + (V+ing)
S BE
1 am
He
She is
It
You
We are
They
3. Examples
3.1. Affirmative sentences in the Present Progressive
Long forms Short forms
I am playing football. I'm playing football.
You are playing football. You're playing football.
He is playing football. He's playing football.
3.2. Negative sentences in the Present Progressive
Long forms Short forms
I am not playing football. I'm not playing football.
You're not playing football.
You are not playing football.
You aren't playing football.
He's not playing football.
He is not playing football.
He isn't playing football.
3.3. Questions in the Present Progressive
Long forms Short forms
Am I playing football?
Are you playing football? not possible
Is he playing football?
I am (work – working – works) in Rome this month.
She (am – is – are) cooking now.
We are watching tv. (negative)
We are not watching tv
He is read story. (correct)
He is reading story.
Simple Past
1. actions finished in the past
2. Signal words
• yesterday
• last week
• a month ago
• in 2010
3. Form
S+V+O
I visited Berlin last week.
Use of verbs in simple past
An English verb can be regular or irregular
# Regular verbs form their past and past participle forms by adding –ed.
Examples are given below.
clean – cleaned – cleaned
watch – watched – watched
play – played – played
Work – worked – worked
# Irregular verbs form their past and past participle forms in different ways.
Examples are given below.
drink – drank – drunk
go – went – gone
Learn – learnt – learnt
see – saw – seen
4. Examples
4.1. Affirmative sentences in the Simple Past
Long forms
I cleaned my room.
He went home.
4.3. Negative sentences in the Simple Past
Use the auxiliary did and the infinitive of the verb.
Long forms Short forms
I did not clean the room. I didn't clean the room.
You did not go home. You didn't go home.
4.4. Questions in the Simple Past
You need the auxiliary did and the infinitive of the verb.
Long forms
Did I play football?
Did you go home?
I (play – played – playing) football yesterday.
I didn’t (play – played – playing)
I watched tv yesterday. (negative)
I didn't watch tv yesterday.
Present Perfect
1. Use the present perfect to talk about events that began in the past and
continue into the present.
2. Rule: S + have/has + PP
I
You have
We
They
He
She has
It
3. Examples
3.1. Affirmative sentences in the Present Perfect
Long forms Short forms
I have played football. I've played football.
He has eaten breakfast. He's eaten breakfast.
3.2. Negative sentences in the Present Perfect
Long forms Short forms
I have not played football. I haven't played football.
He has not eaten breakfast.
He hasn't eaten breakfast.
Long forms Short forms
3.3. Questions in the Present Progressive
Long forms
Have you played football?
Has he eaten breakfast?
You (have – has) played football.
She (have – has) watched tv.
He has (plays – played – playing) football.
