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Running head: TRANSCULTURAL HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE
TRANSCULTURAL HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE
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Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................3
Impact of Cultural Competence in quality of health care practice.............................................3
Ethnic and racial communities are excessively affected by chronic disease..........................5
The probability of chronic diseases will increase in diverse population................................6
Accessibility to treatment vary according to ethnicity or race...............................................7
Culturally competent skilled nursing care..............................................................................8
Impact of policy development on service outcomes and user experience among transcultural
practice.......................................................................................................................................9
Diversity policy drivers........................................................................................................11
Effect of communication skills and use of language in diverse society..................................13
Effects of language...............................................................................................................15
Impact of Global Development in health care practice on diverse culture and cultural
competence in present..............................................................................................................16
Benefits of diversity.............................................................................................................17
Challenges due to diversity..................................................................................................18
Incensement of an informational flow..................................................................................19
Financial flow incensement..................................................................................................19
Incensement of communication flow...................................................................................19
Incensement of pathogen flow..............................................................................................20
Cultural ethics development.................................................................................................20
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Conclusion................................................................................................................................21
Bibliography.............................................................................................................................22
Appendix..................................................................................................................................26
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Introduction
The idea of culture is complicated. It covers ideas, attitudes, habits and methods of
interpreting world of individuals. In healthcare, it is necessary for administration of cultural
differences within healthcare, particularly customs. One difficulty is that individuals may not
know that they have behaviours, which could compromise their well-being. For individuals
who express it, cultural heritage is mostly invisible (Leclerc et al. 2020). However, habits and
lifestyles of other civilizations are frequently clear and sometimes odd to outsiders. Patient
reactions to disease and therapy are influenced by culture. Various cultures in heterogeneous
society may lead to misunderstandings and miscommunication, reducing confidence and
treatment compliance.
Figure 1: Key elements to follow while treating with diverse culture patients
(Source: Effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov, 2014)
Impact of Cultural Competence in quality of health care practice
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There are several elements, including race, culture, country, languages, gender, social
and economic position, physically and mentally skills, gender identity as well as occupation
affect personal views, beliefs and behaviour on healthcare and well-being. Capacity and
integration of providers and organisations in delivery and structural framework of health
system is widely characterised as cultural competence in nursing and healthcare (Cala et al.
2020). The objective of cultural services is to offer each patient, irrespective from their
colour, nationality, ethnic heritage, Language grammar or literacy, with greatest standard
patient healthcare. The growing national diversity provides possibilities and challenges in
creating and offering culturally competent solutions for health care professionals, healthcare
systems and policy experts. Capacity to efficiently offer healthcare services that satisfy
patients' interpersonal, intercultural, and multilingual demands is characterised as cultural
skills by providers and organisations.
A culturally competent primary healthcare care institution can contribute to improved
health as well as quality of service and assist remove disadvantages between ethnic and
cultural health. Instances of ways to achieve these objectives include providing appropriate
training for healthcare practitioners with regard to cultural competency and cross-cultural
challenges and developing policies to eliminate administrative and language obstacles to
patient treatment.
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Figure 2: Concepts of health care that intersect cultural competencies
(Source: Effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov, 2014)
Ethnic and racial communities are excessively affected by chronic disease
The mortality rates of minority groups are greater in chronic illnesses. The effects
might range from increased economic strain to increased business constraints (Henderson et
al. 2018). Other elderly people reported at least one of seven diseases such as asthma,
malignancy, cardiovascular disease, obesity, increased blood pressure, fatness, and anxious /
depression that are African Americans or Latinos, contrasted with Whites. These constitute
amongst America's most expensive medical problems (Hpi.georgetown.edu, 2021). Increased
activities such as employment, travelling, showering, or dressing by chronic illnesses are
confined to Black Americans or American Indians or Alaska's indigenous people.
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Figure 3: Rate of chronic conditions of older Africans Americans and Latinos
(Source: Hpi.georgetown.edu, 2021)
The probability of chronic diseases will increase in diverse population
While chronic diseases or impairments can be present at any age, there is an increased
probability of someone having a restriction of activity as a result of a chronic ailment (Jongen
et al. 2018). More than 12% of overall population aged 65 years or over in 2000 was 35
million individuals. Around 2050, about one in five Americans is anticipated to be 20%
older. Figure 4 also shows that population will be more and more varied. By 2050, 35%
of population over 65 will be multiracial and ethnic diversity groups. Even though people at
danger of chronic diseases develop more increasingly more diverse, more focus will be
needed to address language and cultural obstacles to care (Hpi.georgetown.edu, 2021).
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Figure 4: Anticipated rate of Racial and Ethnic minority people in 2050
(Source: Hpi.georgetown.edu, 2021)
Accessibility to treatment vary according to ethnicity or race
Those requirements to have a regular physician or a common source of treatment help
a procedure to get health care. Persons without having a regular licensed healthcare
practitioner are less probably to receive preventative services or diagnoses, therapy and
chronic disease management. Eligibility for health insurance is indeed an essential factor for
health care access (Hpi.georgetown.edu, 2021). Increased minorities have really no typical
healthcare supplier and no medical insurance as contrasted to Whites.
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Figure 5: Percentage of people are not covered with health insurance policies according to
race or ethnicity
(Source: Hpi.georgetown.edu, 2021)
Culturally competent skilled nursing care
Cultural skills enable nurses to comprehend, interact and effectively connect with others.
In particular, it focuses on:
Understanding of nursing relationships with patients.
Knowledge of many cultural practises and global ideas.
Develop an effective communication skills to encourage and accomplish cultural
engagement.
A favourable attitude towards diversity and other civilizations is demonstrated.
It is more than simply tolerance of different cultures and behaviours that cultural
competency demands. It tries instead to commemorate them through gaps or customization.
Culturally qualified nursing care requires a comprehensive strategy that covers everywhere in
this world. As an infant, one should constantly try to respect many cultures that they see
in treatment of patients. The capacity and effectiveness of their job is a considerable distance
to be affected.
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Figure 6: A nurse is providing Cultural Competent care
(Source: Waldenu.edu, 2021)
Health workers need to be educated how they give services culturally competent in order
to enhance their cultural competence in medical care system. While there have been a number
of various forms of training around country, such initiatives have still not been standardised
or consistently included in training of healthcare workers. Training programmes differ
considerably from 3 hours of seminars to semester lengthy degree education in content as
well as instructional methods. However, it is essential to highlight that ethnic skill is not end
objective but even a journey and is typically gained through past expertise and experience.
Impact of policy development on service outcomes and user experience
among transcultural practice
Globalism has caused huge modifications in world's civilizations. Growing
immigration has led to increased patient diversity, which makes cultural congruence a
fundamental requirement for healthcare. Considering other sectors of healthcare, nursing
should embrace a worldwide cultural compatibility practise (Purnell, 2019). In order to
establish a policy to avoid premature generalisation, caregivers must thus learn in detail an
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awareness of cultural belieft, behaviors and distinctions. In order to make nursing practise
more efficient and productive, frameworks for cultural competencies have a continue to play
a key role.
The creation of intersectional collaborations was crucial to build strong patient ties.
Effective links have been essential for involvement possibilities between health system,
health services and NGOs, particularly community and customer organisations. These
collaborations also helped up-to-date health care workers and their communities to learn
(Tosun, 2020). Culture competency means a series of culturally compatible practises,
attitudes and policies that enable nursing practitioners in a number of cross-cultural settings
to offer high-quality services. One common methodology for healthcare is cultural
competency. Fully consistent culturally medical care is not just aimed at facilitating patient
treatment for racial or ethnic minority groups; it is intended to enhance healthcare through
consideration of age, sex, religion and financial situation disparities.
Figure 7: Health effects of health programmes and development policies
(Source: Researchgate.net, 2017 )
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Health workers, particularly nurses, should strive to study and comprehend various
cultures. Discovering religious as well as cultural context of a patient may be of great use to
healthcare delivery. This knowledge might lead health practitioners to assess their own
cultural and religious views, which could affect their practises. This cultural awareness
implies the self-knowledge of a person about his own cultural heritage, peculiarities and
inclinations. On other hand, assimilation means process of learning of a foreign culture.
Nurses must accommodate to other cultures by changing their care methods (El-Toukhy,
2018). In order to improve patient participation in service development and policy it
is necessary to develop relationships with consumers groups however, the respondents
noticed a gap within these relationships. The main advantages of policy involvement have
been establishing suitable and accessible programmes to improve excellence and security
through improved patient participation, developing languages and cultures appropriate
transcribed documents and offering a path for evaluation on care and suggestions.
Figure 8: Health Care Risks of Diversity
(Source: Usa.edu, 2021 )
Diversity policy drivers
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A mix of ethical, legislative or corporate response to implement diversity policies
is principal factor in ethics. Several healthcare firms have significant connections among
inclusion and diversity initiatives and know about increasing expectation of nurses and
workers, which ethical behaviour is required in workplace. Regulatory considerations range
with legal adherence to EU regulations and federal law to influencing norms and honors of
healthcare industries. Most sectors of health insist that lawful observance is not a driving
force for implementing these measures, however, rather consequence (Lee et al. 2018). This
health rationale for diversification represents these health-care companies' financial power in
attracting new recruitment in context of skilled labour constraints. Organizations also aim at
increasing their competitive position on market by providing suitable patient and backdrop
services.
Figure 9: Health care advantages of diversity
(Source: Usa.edu, 2021 )
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Effect of communication skills and use of language in diverse society
Almost 37 million persons who speak a different language than English in UK,
approximately 18 million report speaking English below than well, 48 % said. Linguistic and
communicative disadvantages might affect volume and efficiency of health care given. In
Spanish, for example, Latino speakers are far less likely to visit or get preventative therapy
such as the Mammography examination or the Influenza Vaccine as psychologist or other
mental health practitioners than whites (Schachner, 2019). Availability of translators can also
influence usage of health services. Only about half of those who spoke non-English and
needed a translator throughout a health care appointment claim they still had one, or often
had one.
Figure 10: Diagram of a doctor and a patient using different language
(Source: Usa.edu, 2021 )
Patient unhappiness, poor understanding, compliance, and reduced standard of
healthcare may also contribute to language and communication issues. English speaking
Immigrants are below British English speakers happy with their treatment and are more prone
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to report general health issues. An significant determinant for satisfaction is sort of translation
service offered to patients. In a research comparing different translation methods patients
who are, using professional translators are as happy with entire visit to medical care as those
using multilingual providers.
Effect of Communication
Figure 11: Communication through translator
(Source: Thenationshealth.org, 2018)
In absence of cultural sensitivity, there seems to be an elevated incidence of
misunderstanding and cultural inequalities that will lead to negative conformity of diagnosis,
poorer health outcomes as well as a growing number of adverse outcomes, which is extra
probable to satisfy people and families with each people’s perspectives and attitudes of care.
Although focus on international improvement of quality of safety and comfort of critically ill
patients continues inadequately understood.
Clinicians are urged to speak with their patients more explicitly. If the communication
is not effectively communicated, it might lead to needless treatment returning or discomfort
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or to bad consequences. However, there is different and often inconsistent literacy, cultural
and linguistic approach to clearly communicating. The movement for health literacy
underlines many principles of transparent communication (Cedeno, 2020). These include the
reduction of amount of messages provided at a time, the application of simpler, language and
introducing methods to make patients clarify, what was taught and repeated knowledge
until patient is aware of this. Although a focus is also on enhancing, way clinicians provide
education while serving a range of culturally diverse patients.
Effects of language
Figure 12: Global communication barriers
(Source: Redalyc.org, 2019)
On other hand, cultural language highlights difference between an idea of health
and way people received, analyse, and accept or rejection of information. The definition of
health can change. As an example, by asking Kleinman questions, physicians are motivated
to know health beliefs of patients (Cedeno et al. 2020):
What did you believe the disease caused?
What does the disease do you think?
How does this disease works?
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How do you believe you should receive treatment?
What are the main results from this treatment you hope to receive?
The doctor and patient decide on right course of activities through this cross-cultural
examination. The method to clear communication of language competency is still varies in
each community. Various patients describe further challenges with clinical communications.
Solution is to give multilingual clinicians or translators to those with language difficulties.
Educational and cultural problems are often overlooked, though. For an example, if literacy is
treated alongside linguistic difficulties, translators will repeat sophisticated, jargon-filled
messages. Moreover, physicians cannot presume, since they speak and shares a
common language, that translators and patients have a common culture (Fenkl, 2019).
The communication between culturally varied patients with low health and English skills
cannot be improved by literacy, cultural skills or language competency alone (Rivard et al.
2020). According to establish efficient communication, clinicians are required to identify and
remove barriers linked to all three vulnerabilities. Medical knowledge and on-site training
may assist doctors gain necessary classes and knowledge from actions, such as friends and
family, which can be integrated through literacy, tradition and communication.
Impact of Global Development in health care practice on diverse culture
and cultural competence in present
Health care practices are now come with development globally with a strong aim to make
situational factors all over the world. Presence of cultural diversity makes it more critical and
adaptive and in that case, health care services are fully accommodated with economical and
geographical substances. On another point of discussion, it is also being outlined that cultural
competencies are at a strong and dominant presence. It is also being discussed on variant
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types of healthcare opportunities and most probably this concept is running through
chronological order. For a discussion of this matter according to diversity in culture, there is
to follow up some points accordingly.
Figure 13: Health care services
Sources: (Newwint.org, 2021)
Benefits of diversity
In a matter of cultural diversity presence on healthcare development, it looks upon to
increase provider comfort level and backgrounds of healthcare practices are going to be so
appropriate. There is another point of discussion that boosting creativity level can be possible
to run over. This slow range of innovation creates such positive vibes in healthcare industries.
None other than it is so much efficient to improvise a communication path as a great essential
matter. Hence, the belief of patients can easily be achieved in that purpose and that may be
called as a loyalty of customers as well. More than that, this kind of specified service can
ensure employee engagement and reduced disparities of health. After this consideration of all
of these matters, it is being justified as a global issue in these criteria.
Challenges due to diversity
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In procurement of health care services all around the world with a strong
demonstration of cultural diversity, several challenges must be faced in that situation. Such
individuals as a part of under-presented sexual, gender, or racial groups might have to face
numerous obstacles in these criteria. Promotion activity and quality of education can be great
points for discrimination. A study is also outlined that this kind of cultural diversity can be a
major point for underrepresentation.
After a brief discussion, on benefits and challenges impacts of global development in health
care services on diverse culture and cultural competence has come out in front. Impacts are
given below for a brief analysis (Henderson et al. 2018).
Figure 14: Social care
Source: (berntcental.org.uk, 2021)
Incensement of an informational flow
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In a discussion of healthcare practices in this context, a huge development is being
strongly
Emphasized and for that informational flow is being consequently running through, in a
specific culture variant types of ideologies and behavioral structure are at a presence. Hence,
as a result of that significant information is being communicated in this position. Other than
that, ways for treating through telecommunication processes make unavoidable changes in
this modern arena of interconnectivity. However, it is also being accumulated by the support
of global development that knowledge and technological innovation make it so adaptable for
this purpose. According to study, high-income profile cultures have got so many beneficiaries
in this context (Gordon et al. 2020).
Financial flow incensement
None other than that, financial flows also be a rising point for global development in
healthcare practices in cultural diversity apprehension. Foreign direct investment (FDI) has a
great contribution to that financial flow and having strong participation of outsourcing
objectless make it more strong and flexible. In accordance with this matter, short-term flows
are also improvised and any kind of critical implementation policies are sorted out.
Therefore, a clear objective has come forward to a better justification of health-protecting
issues. Moreover, development of a healthcare prospectus ensures that continuous flow of
finance and cultural diversity is properly justified with a scientific clarification (Rotter et al.
2019).
Incensement of communication flow
In a specific culture for accelerating a service, communication tools are mainly
clarified and the appropriate flow of communication tools makes a positive situation in this
modern arena. Presence of so many cultural differences makes a barrier for a continuation of
traditional activities; different forms must have applied for better procurement.
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Communication flow must be smoothly over gone by several activities and most probably
there must have to set up a medium of communication so that performances regarding
healthcare can be improvised (Surr et al. 2017).
Incensement of pathogen flow
Pathogen flow is to be considered as a great impact of global development in
healthcare practices and social service. In matters of that pathogen flow, there must be
sustainability and a few clarifications on flexibility are to be considered with the best
justification. For global development of healthcare practices and social services it basically
serves the best quality service in between cultures diversity. In pathogen flow, risk of drug-
resistant is highly being prosecuted. New international health regulations make multilateral
health collaborations and wake up a call regarding a somnambulant public health community.
According to this matter, cholera pandemic 1990s has to be justified with a deep
concentration (Jackson et al. 2018).
Cultural ethics development
In accordance with healthcare practices and social care in the United Kingdom, it has
come out with a great appreciative fellow, and presence of such cultural ethics makes it so
adaptive. Along with global development of healthcare and social services, ethical
considerations also have done and in this context firstly there is to get in an attachment with
every party (Purnell et al. 2019). More than that, cultural ethics cannot always be reformed
for its traditional formation but few changes can be done with a strong obligation.
Conclusion
In conclusion of transcultural health and social care, the most objectified matter is the
huge development of social service in the global arena. Transcultural health care service and
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social care set up a strong point for further development and it is likely to be a strategic
implementation policy globally in presence of variant cultural preferences. From another
point of view, the presence of culture, country, languages, gender, social and economic
position makes it more critical in cultural competence quality. After a discussion on cultural
competence, it is mostly outlined that customer engagement is being highly done under
procurement of developing a partnership with patients. Moreover, large-scale healthcare
practices and social care elements must have to reform in consideration of cultural behavior
and must have developed somatically with a scientific authorisation.
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Appendix
SWAY LINK- https://sway.office.com/uGkmwfnwgE5AN9IN
