University of Baghdad
College of Engineering
Aeronautical Department
Aircraft Propulsion Systems
Dr. Anmar H. Ali
University of Baghdad
Subject Map
Part I Part II Part III
System Matching and
Cycle Analysis Component Analysis Analysis
1- Introduction
1. Diffuser Matching of Gas Turbine
2- Ideal Cycle Analysis
2. Nozzles Components
3- Nonideal Cycle Analysis
3. Axial Flow Compressors and Fans
4. Centrifugal Compressors
5. Axial Flow Turbines
6. Combustors and Afterburners
7. Ducts and Mixers
Part I Cycle Analysis
1- Introduction
1.1 History of Propulsion Devices and Turbomachines
1.2 Cycles
1.2.1 Brayton Cycle
1.2.2 Brayton Cycle with Regeneration
1.3 Classification of Engines
1:3.1 Ramjet
1.3.2 Turbojet
1.3.3 Turbojet with Afterburner
1.3.4 Turbofan
1.3.5 Turbofan with Afterburner
1.3.6 Turboprop
1.3.7 Turboshaft
1.3.8 Power-Generation Gas Turbines
1.3.10 Comparison of Engine Types
1.4 Engine Thrust
1.4.1 Turbojet
1.4.2 Turbofan with a Fan Exhaust
1.4.3 Turboprop
1.5 Performance Measures
1.5.1 Propulsion Measures
1.5.2 Power-Generation Measures
2- Ideal Cycle Analysis
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Components
2.2.1 Diffuser
2.2.2 Compressor
2.2.3 Fan
2.2.4 Turbine
2.2.5 Propeller
2.2.6 Shaft
2.2.7 Combustor
2.2.8 Afterburner
2.2.9 Primary Nozzle
2.2.10 Fan Nozzle
2.2.11 Bypass Duct
2.2.12 Bypass Mixer
2.3 Cycle Analysis
2.3.1 Ramjet
2.3.2 Turbojet
2.3.3 Turbofan
2.3.4 Turboprop
3- Nonideal Cycle Analysis
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Variable Specific Heat
3.2 Component Losses
3.2.1 Diffuser
3.2.2 Compressor
3.2.3 Fan
3.2.4 Turbine
3.2.5 Propeller
3.2.6 Shaft
3.2.7 Combustor
3.2.8 Afterburner
3.2.9 Primary Nozzle
3.2.10 Fan Nozzle
3.2.11 Bypass Duct
3.2.12 Bypass Mixer
3.3 Cycle Analysis
Part II Component Analysis
4- Diffuser
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Subsonic
4.2.1 External Flow Patterns
4.2.2 Limit of Pressure Rise
4.2.3 Fanno Line Flow
4.2.4 Combined Area Changes and Friction
4.3 Supersonic
4.3.1 Shocks
4.3.2 Internal Area Considerations
4.3.3 Additive Drag
4.3.4 "Starting" an Inlet
4.4 Performance Map
5- Nozzles
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Nonideal Equations
5.2.1 Primary Nozzle
5.2.2 Fan Nozzle
5.2.3 Effects of Efficiency on Nozzle Performance
5.3 Converging Nozzle
5.4 Converging-Diverging Nozzle
5.5 Effects of Pressure Ratios on Engine Performance
5.6 Variable Nozzle
5.7 Thrust Reversers and Vectoring
5.7.1 Reversers
5.7.2 Vectoring
6-Axial Flow Compressors and Fans
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Geometry
6.3 Velocity Polygons or Triangles
6.4 Single-Stage Energy Analysis
6.4.1 Total Pressure Ratio
6.4.2 Percent Reaction
6.4.3 Incompressible Flow
6.4.4 Relationships of Velocity Polygons.to Percent Reaction and Pressure Ratio
6.5 Limits on Stage Pressure Ratio
6.6 Variable Stators
6.7 Theoretical Reasons
6.8 Twin Spools
6.8.1 Theoretical Reasons
6.8.2 Mechanical Implementation
6.8.3 Three Spools
7- Centrifugal Compressors
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Geometry
7.3 Velocity Polygons or Triangles
7.4 Single-Stage Energy Analysis
7.4.1 Total Pressure Ratio
7.4.2 Incompressible Flow (Hydraulic pumps)
7.4.3 Slip
7.4.4 Relationships of Velocity Polygons to Pressure Ratio
8- Axial Flow Turbines
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Geometry
8.2.1 Configuration
8.2.2 Comparison with Axial Flow Compressors
8.3 Velocity Polygons or Triangles
8.4 Single-Stage Energy Analysis
8.4.1 Total Pressure Ratio
8.4.2 Percent Reaction
8.4.3 Incompressible Flow (Hydraulic Turbines)
8.4.4 Relationships of Velocity Polygons to Percent Reaction and Performance
9- Combustors and Afterburners
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Geometries
9.2.1 Primary Combustors
9.2.2 Afterburns
9.3 Flame Stability, Ignition, and Engine Starting
9.3.1 Flame Stability
9.3.2 Ignition and Engine Starting
9.4 Adiabatic Flame Temperature
9.4.1 Chemistry
9.4.2 Thermodynamics
9.5 Pressure Losses
9.5.1 Rayleigh Line Flow
9.5.2 Fanno Line Flow
9.5.3 Combined Heat Addition and Friction
10- Ducts and Mixers
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Total Pressure Losses
10.2.1 Fanno Line Flow
10.2.2 Mixing Process
Part III System Matching and Analysis
11-Matching of Gas Turbine Components
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Component Matching
11.2.1 Gas Generator
11.2.2 Jet Engine
11.2.3 Power-Generation Gas Turbine
11.2.4 Component Modeling
11.2.5 Solution of Matching Problem
11.2.6 Other Applications
11.3 Matching of Engine and Aircraft
Part IV Appendixes
Appendix A Standard Atmosphere
Appendix B Isentropic Flow Tables
Appendix C Fanno Line Flow Tables
Appendix D Rayleigh Line Flow Tables
Appendix E Normal Shock Flow Tables
Appendix I Turbomachinery Fundamentals
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Single-Stage Energy Analysis
1.2.1 Total Pressure Ratio
1.2.2 Percent Reaction
1.2.3 Incompressible Flow
