→
!!! → " " #$
% !! "&
'" ( ) "* +, ( -(
σ2
σ1 σ3
σ4
τ τ τ τ
., ) +, ") -/ 0%1*
σ = + σ = − τ=
23% 4 4 %1 5 %6 %1
7 4 8 8. 9 *9
!: 4 8 8. ;*( % %6 %1
<= 4 8 8. >
' 5 ?@ 4 A B
25 C 4 5 % 0? -( D
' E FAG
D 4σ = =
σ = =
τ = = × −
HI%1 5 %6 %1 4 = × =
HA % 0J 4
= × =
× (σ +σ ) ×( + )=
= =
× (σ −σ ) × ×( − )=
= =
×
D 4σ = =
σ = =
τ = = × −
HI%1 5 %6 %1 4 = × =
HA % 0J 4
= × =
× (σ +σ ) ×( + )=
= =
× (σ −σ ) × ×( − )=
= =
×
D #4 σ = =
σ = =
τ = = × −
HI%1 5 %6 %1 4 = × =
HA % 0J 4
= × =
× (σ +σ ) ×( + )=
= =
× (σ −σ ) × ×( − )=
= =
×
K 5
,( -3% L
B MN
A M# M#
N ## O8
P%E %6 Q 8→ = − = − = − = − =
23% -R !!! 5 ?@ ξ = ? +
S % * R% 5 ,( = × = × =
T 01 U8 4
= = =
T 01 U8 V* %
× = × =
× = × =
S * W%1 * 0,X% W6 * "% * > = ( )=
Y *9 4 = = < O Z ;* *9 η=
=η × + − = + − =
5 9 9% :)
×
= = =
×
ξ × = × =
YE= + +?[ @ = >ξ × =
→ 01 U8 5 0X% : ., ?\ ( ] D
+ − × × + −
= = =−
× ×
+ × × × − × + × × (− ) × − ×
− −
= =
ξ
=
× × × × (− )
× × + × × +
−ξ −
,E 8^ % * W%1 ξ × = < = =
5 = ., ) 4
= =
× − × × − ×
=
× − × × ( − × )=−
× ×
2/= L 9 ., * X, -3% R8 0?@ µ =
⇒ = × × = × × =
S φ 9 +5 ? _ -` ?3% U= O S = > =
K a%b8 + 9% -3% L
B NM $
A c
# N $ O8
×
= = =
× ×
ξ × = × =
S = >ξ × = → 01 U8 5 0X% : ., ?\ ( ]
D 4
T 01 U8 4
= = =
S * W%1 * 0,X% W6 * "% * > = ( )=
=η × + − = + − =
+ − × × + −
= = =
× ×
+ × × × − × + × × × − ×
−ξ −
= = =
× × × ×
× × + × × +
−ξ −
,E 8^ % * W%1 ξ × = < = < =
5 = ., ) 4
× − × × − × × − × × ×( − × )=
= = =
× ×
= < =
→ E8 E, W E d e* 0J O
SL 4
B #N
A $c
c O8
SL 4
B c#
A Mc Mc
M O8
<, "( "\ = L b 5 ,( 4
P%E %6 Q 8→ = − = − = − = − =
23% -R !!! 5 ?@ ξ = ? +
S % * R% 5 ,( = × = × =
T 01 U8 4
= = =
S * W%1 * 0,X% W6 * "% * > = ( )=
Y *9 4 = = < O Z ;* *9 η=
=η × + − = + − =
5 9 9% :)
×
= = =
× ×
ξ × = × =
YE= + +?[ @ = >ξ × =
→ 01 U8 5 0X% : ., ?\ ( ] D
+ − × × + −
= = =−
× ×
+ × × × − × + × × (− ) × − ×
−ξ −
= = =−
× × × × (− )
× × + × × +
−ξ −
2/= L 9 ., * X, -3% R8 0?@ µ =
⇒ = × × = × × =
S φ 9 +5 ? _ -` ?3% U= O S = > =
SL 4
B $
A N c
O8
SL 4
B #
A MN
H c O8
S L b 5 ,( 4
P%E %6 Q 8→ = − = − = − = − =
23% -R !!! 5 ?@ ξ = ? +
S % * R% 5 ,( = × = × =
T 01 U8 4
= = =
S * W%1 * 0,X% W6 * "% * > = ( )=
Y *9 4 = = < O Z ;* *9 η=
=η × + − = + − =
5 9 9% :)
×
= = =
× ×
ξ × = × =
YE= + +?[ @ × = × = < = <ξ × =
→ 01 U8 03 0 = = =
× + − × + −
= = =−
× ×
2/= L 9 ., * X, -3% R8 0?@ µ =
⇒ = × × = × × =
S φ 9 +5 ? _ -` ?3% U= O S = > =
a%b8 + W E d e* f 4
= %( +e = + Z W D 5 ,( 8R L .,
* X,4
S 9 %φ !!
5 g 4
= =
88 → g 8% →
2_ h g 8
'< ( ) "* +, -( 8(= 4
σ1 σ2
σ3 σ4
τ τ τ
' E FAG
D 4σ = =
σ = =
τ = = × −
HI%1 5 %6 %1 4 = × =
HA % 0J 4
= × =
× (σ +σ ) ×( + )=
= =
× (σ −σ ) × ×( − )=
= =
×
D 4σ = =
σ = =
τ = = × −
HI%1 5 %6 %1 4 = × =
HA % 0J 4
= × =
× (σ +σ ) ×( + )=
= =
× (σ −σ ) × ×( − )=
= =
×
D #4 σ = =
σ = =
τ = = × −
HI%1 5 %6 %1 4 = × =
HA % 0J 4
= × =
× (σ +σ ) ×( + )=
= =
× (σ −σ ) × ×( − )=
= =
×
• 5 ,( -3% L
B $N
A $M
$ O8
P%E %6 Q 8
→ = − = − = = − = − =
23% -R !!! 5 ?@ ξ = ? +
S % * R% 5 ,( = × = × =
T 01 U8 4
= = =
T 01 U8 V* %
× = × =
× = × =
S * W%1 * 0,X% W6 * "% * > = ( )=
Y *9 4 = = < O Z ;* *9 η=
=η × + − = + − =
5 9 9% :)
×
= = =
×
ξ × = × =
YE= + +?[ @ = >ξ × =
→ 01 U8 5 0X% : ., ?\ ( ] D
+ − × × + −
= = =−
× ×
+ × × × − × + × × (− ) × − ×
−ξ −
= = =
× × × × (− )
× × + × × +
−ξ −
,E 8^ % * W%1 ξ × = < = < =
5 = ., ) 4
= =
× − × × − ×
=
× − × × ( − × )=−
× ×
2/= L 9 ., * X, -3% R8 0?@ µ =
⇒ = × × = × × =
S φ 9 +5 ? _ -` ?3% U= O S = > =
• a%b8 + 9% -3% L
B c
A NN #
M O8
×
= = =
× ×
ξ × = × =
S × = × = < = <ξ × =
→ 01 U8 03 0 = = =
T 01 U8 4
= = =
S * W%1 * 0,X% W6 * "% * > = ( )=
=η × + − = + − =
5 = ., ) 4
× − × × − × × − × × ×( − × )=−
= = =
× ×
→ E8 E, W E d e* 0J O
SL 4
B c
A N#Oc#
$ O8
SL 4
B N
A#$ N
#N O8
<, "( "\ = L b 5 ,( 4
P%E %6 Q 8→ = − = − = = − = − =
23% -R !!! 5 ?@ ξ = ? +
S % * R% 5 ,( = × = × =
T 01 U8 4
= = =
T 01 U8 V* %
× = × =
× = × =
S * W%1 * 0,X% W6 * "% * > = ( )=
Y *9 4 = = < O Z ;* *9 η=
=η × + − = + − =
5 9 9% :)
×
= = =
×
ξ × = × =
YE= + +?[ @ × = × = < = <ξ × =
→ 01 U8 03 0 = = =
5 = ., ) 4
= =
× − × × − ×
=
× − × × ( − × )=
× ×
× ×
µ= = = <µ =
× ×
2/= L 9 ., * X, -3% R8 0?@ µ =
⇒ = × × = × × =
S φ 9 +5 ? _ -` ?3% U= O S = > =
SL 4
B M
A # #c
#$ O8
SL 4
B
A #N
H N O8
S L b 5 ,( 4
P%E %6 Q 8→ = − = − = = − = − =
23% -R !!! 5 ?@ ξ = ? +
S % * R% 5 ,( = × = × =
T 01 U8 4
= = =
S * W%1 * 0,X% W6 * "% * > = ( )=
Y *9 4 = = < O Z ;* *9 η=
=η × + − = + − =
5 9 9% :)
×
= = =
× ×
ξ × = × =
YE= + +?[ @ = < × = × =
×( − ) ×( − )=−
= =
× ×
2/= L 9 ., * X, -3% R8 0?@ µ =
⇒ = × × = × × =
S φ 9 +5 ? _ -` ?3% U= O S = > =
!" # $ % & ' (
= %( +e = + Z W D 5 ,( 8R L .,
* X,4
S 9 %φ !!
5 g 4
= =
88 → g 8% →
2_ h g 8