Quality Festival 2019

ISSN 2620-2832

Slavko Arsovski 1
SOCIAL ORIENTED QUALITY: FROM
QUALITY 4.0 TOWARDS QUALITY 5.0

Abstract: A quality concept followed industrial and social

development. For first aspect of development is distinguished
as a four stages in industrial revolution. Now we are in mixed
state with 2nd industrial revolution (using electrical energy in
production processes with division of labor), 3rd industrial
revolution (using IT and ICT systems for flexible
automatization of whole production systems), and 4th
industrial revolution (using cyber-physical systems). Social
development was very slower but with recognizing the
knowledge and spirituality as key factors for succecc these
two aspects are more close and in some cases are coupled.
In the paper are analyzed different elements of Quality 4.0
concept and gave some comments about wholeness of this
concept. In second part of the paper are presented
achievements in area of consciousness and spirituality.
Theory of everything which can be used for improving
Quality 4.0 concept.
In third part of the paper are presented some building
elements of Social Oriented Quality (SOQ) or Quality 5.0 as
next generation of Quality 4.0 concept.

Keywords: Quality 4.0, Social Oriented Quality (SOQ),

Quality 5.0, spirituality

1. Introduction Nicole Radziwill (2018) based her research

on contribution of Machine Learning (ML)
A Quality 4.0 concept followed stages of and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in working of
industry development in last 250 years. Quality Systems. Through analyzing quality
According Dan Jacob (2017) the Quality 4.0 she emphasized discovery aspects and
support the digitalization of quality analyzed Gartner Analytic Continuum with
management, based on digitalization of four stages: (1) descriptive analytics, (2)
quality technology, processes, and people. diagnostic analytics, (3) predictive analytics,
His model consists from 11 axes, i.e. : (1) and (4) prescriptive analytics. For all of them
data, (2) analytics, (3) connectivity, (4) she advices Data Science approaches and
collaboration, (5) App-development, (6) techniques, especially Big Data for searching
Scalability, (7) management system, (8) and make optimal decisions about different
compliance, (9) culture, (10) leadership, and quality. In this approach Quality 4.0 is
(11) competency. composed from: (1) connectedness, (2)
intelligence, and (3) automation. In this work

1
Corresponding author: Slavko Arsovski
Email: cqm@kg.ac.rs
397
is emphasized six categories of value be used for improving Quality 4.0 concept.
proposition using Quality 4.0 concept, i.e. : In third part of the paper are presented some
(1) augment/improve human intelligence, (2) building elements of Social Oriented Quality
increase the speed and quality of decision- (SOQ) or Quality 5.0 as next generation of
making, (3) improve transparency, Quality 4.0 concept.
tracebility and auditability, (4) anticipate
changes, removal biases and adapt to new
circumstances and knowledge, (5) evolve 2. Concept of quality 4.0
relationships, organizational boundaries and
concept of trust to revel opportunistic for Concept of „Industry 4.0“ was introduced at
continuous improvement and new business Hannover Fair in year 2011 to describe the
models, and (6) learn how to learn by fourth industrial revolution. It is based on
cultivating self-awareness and other- digital transformation in purpose to find
awareness as skills. adequate answers on disruptive changes
The second group of approaches is related to related to customers, organizations, and
leadership and competence for Quality 4.0. organizations boundaries. For it were
Hacker S. (2017) distinguished IQ developed new business models (Arsovski,
(Intelligence Quotient), EQ (Emotional 2018) with accentuating the trust,
Quotient), and SQ (Spiritual Quotients). transparency and security through
Among them are relations because SQ digitalization. The first introduction of term
grounded EQ and EQ is related to IQ. Wider „Quality 4.0“ was in year 2015 in the ASQ
references about spiritual leadership Future of Quality Report. Based on this
emphasized personal traits in digital to approach we can expect a renaissance in
Quality of Life (QoL) with interaction of quality tools and methods through themes:
Quality 4.0 with Life Satisfaction (LS), 1. quality as inspection,
Happiness (HP), Quality of Working Life
2. quality as design,
(QWL), Well-Being (WB), Hope (HO),
Spirituality (SP) and Emotions (EM). This 3. quality as empowerment, using i.e.
aspect is also related to concepts of C.G. TQM and Six Sigma for holistic
Jung (1928), Jaspers (1962). approach to quality, higher
responsibility and empowerment of
All previous concepts push a quality
all for continuous improvement,
paradigm to find answers for the new and
probable, complex and disruptive business 4. quality as discovery, in adaptive
and social situation (Romero et al., 2016; and intelligent environment for
Jacob & Shah, 2018; Knowles, 2011; Sicari, solving challenges and problems.
et al., 2016; Jacob, 2017; Hessing, 2018; Radzwill N. (2018) emphasized six value
Duarte & Cruz-Machado, 2017; Radziwill, proposition for Quality 4.0 initiatives with
2018; Hacker, 2017). augment (or improve) human intelligence on
In the paper is presented evaluation of first place. So Esko Kilpi (Radzwill, 2018)
quality paradigm, with emphasizing Quality writed „The real future of work is not in
4.0 and Human Oriented Quality (SOQ). industrial model of pursuit automation but in
the post-industrial model of promoting
In the paper are analyzed different elements
augmentation“. Based on these approaches
of Quality 4.0 concept and gave some
were developed Quality 4.0 Tools with
comments about wholeness of this concept.
following tools:
In second part of the paper are presented
achievements in area of consciousness and 1. Atificial intelligence: computer
spirituality. Theory of everything which can language processing, making
complex decisions, etc.,

398 S. Arsovski
 2. Big data: infrastructure for easier QoL and it is motive for forther improving
access, to data sources, managing „Quality 4.0“ into Social Oriented Quality
and analysing, (SOQ).
3. Blockchain: increasing transparency
and auditability of transaction,
3. Model of quality 4.0
monitoring conditions for achieving
quality objectives,
A concept of Quality 4.0 is now in starting
4. Deep learning: image classification,
phase. We have not enough information
complex pattern recognition, time
about its functioning and because that is
servics forecasting, text generation
inappropriate classical scientific way:
and recognition, using heuristics,
etc.,
5. Enabling technologies: sensors,
open-source software, 5G networks,
etc.,
6. Machine learning: text analysis,
recommendation Systems, fraud
detection, classifying objects into
groups, forecasting, and We have until now small and not systemized
7. Data science: predicting, information about previous results of
simulation, performing research in area of Quality 4.0. Because that
classifications, inference etc. to we have to avoid second and third phase and
generate viable models and construct new model of Quality 4.0 using
solutions. qualitative methods. For it is possible to use
Radzwill N. (2018) argued that quality standards, For the research is used Grounded
professionals have to lead the transformation theory.
from classical point of view to Quality 4.0, Based on work of Glaser B. and Strauss A.
because possession of knowledge and skill (2017) a generating theory starts with
related to: comparative analysis in following steps for:
a) system thinking,  accurating data,
b) data-driven decision-making,  empirical generalization,
c) leadership for organizational  specifying a concept/model,
learning,  verifying theory, and
 generating theory.
d) establishing processes for
Using literature described in chapter 1 and 2
continuous improvement,
are conducted steps 1 and 2. A concept/
e) understanding how decision affect model is partly conducted also in previous
people: lives, relationships, literature, but not consequently. For realizing
communities, well-being, health the 3. step are used elements of (Radzwill,
and society in general. et al, 2018), as well as TQM and CIM
The last element of knowledge is related to concepts (Figure 1).

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 Big Data Analysis, Collabiration, and Mach - Up Apps

Culture

Voice of
Customer VOC

Leadership

Applications, Management Compliance

ML, system
CAD/CAM

Supplier Organization Interested party/

Product
Customer

Scalability Competency Smart connected

assetts

Production System Model with Plant design applications,

Automation / Control aplication, PLM applications

Figure 1. Proposed model of Quality 4.0

Jacob D. & Shah M. (2018) argued that  L3: Manufacturing Operation

between Operational Technology (OT) and Management/Smart connected
Information Technology (IT) exists operations II0T enablled
integration through six levels: production, Quality, etc.,
a) Smart Connected Assets:  L4: I0T enabled Business Systems,
 L0: Production Assets and and
Materials,  L5: I0T Enabled Governance and
 L1: Sensors, Instrumentation, Data Planning Systems.
Collection, On level L0 are distinguished:
 L2: Equipment and Process  people with competences,
Control, motivation, etc.,
b) II0T Enobled Next-Gen. Systems:  plants, building, production lines,

400 S. Arsovski
  automation/control equipment sensors, instrumentation, and data collection
(PLC, CNC, etc.), from playot network, using smart
 machines, equipment, devices, technologies.
 transport system (AVG, robotized, Level L2 is related to equipment and process
drones), control using instruments and test equipment
and integrate using plant network. Some of
 material, parts,
them are detected using CNC or DNC
 tools, etc. control device.
All of these elements were included in Level L3 is on enterprise or plant level. It
previous concept of CIM (Computer covers functional quality (Figure 2). In
Integrated Manufacturing). previous concept of CIM it was covered by
Level L1 consists from integration of CAQ (Computer Aided Quality) concept.

R&D Supplier Operation Delivery Service

Electronic Lab Real time Quality testing Real time Recall

Notebook processes in / at live process Warranty
LIS Visibility SPC monitoring Management
Design for Final product EWI Visibility
quality of non -
testing / LIMS / LES of non - conformance
FMEA certifikate of Process conformance
Non- non- control
conformance conformance
Risks analysis
Feasibility Approving of
suppliers

Figure 2. Value chain in area of functional quality

Level L4 covers I0T enabled business Sustainable Growth, Change Management

systems including: Audit, Supplier Quality, etc. In previous concept of CIM it was
Training and Certification, Inspection Plans, cowered by higher levels of CIQ.
Product Quality and Compliance, SOPs/G 
Ps, Customer Complaints, Quality Metrics,
as well as Document Management System 4. Evoluation of quality 4.0 in
for control, collaboration, regulatory services Serbia
etc. In previous concept of CIM it was
covered partly by CIQ (Computer Integrate Evolution of quality to Quality 4.0 in Serbia
Quality). was followed by the development of industry
Level 5 covers governance and planning as the concept of Industry 4.0.
systems and decision support systems, Industrialization in Serbia was started in the
including QMS, RMS, Operational middle of the 19th century in Kragujevac
excellence, Knowledge Management,

401
with the development of the first of Mechanical Engineering in Kragujevac, a
Topolivnica weapon factory. Already then, CIM system project for FAD from Gornji
the first Quality Ordinance (Arsovski, 2017) Milanovac with 30 modules, including the
was promulgated by the Ministry of CAQ module, was realized in 1993-1995. In
Defence. The quality attributes corresponded the same period, strategic management and
to the concept of Industry 1.0, and the decision-making systems have been
quality particularly to quality 1.0 and 2.0, developed in the 90's, including for the CIM
especially in the quality control domain. / PPC development area.
Further development of the industry, During this period, the first papers from this
especially after the Second World War, was area were also presented. These papers are
developed in Kragujevac and in the presented through conferences, books,
automotive industry in Kragujevac and other monographs. For example, in the chapter
parts of Serbia, corresponding to the Industry Flexible Automation (1994) and Production
2 concept. The concept of automation and Systems (1995), one chapter was devoted to
mass production demanded the application CIM systems and quality within them.
of statistical methods, process and final
During this period, especially since the year
controls, which is part of the Quality 2.0
2000, research has been carried out through
concept. During this period, the curricula for
PhD dissertations, most of which were
the subjects in the field of quality control
realized at the Faculty of Mechanical
and partly quality management have been
Engineering in Belgrade, Novi Sad,
developed at the faculties, especially in the
Kragujevac and Niš.
field of mechanical engineering. Parallel
with this, other elements have been Concept Quality 4.0 in Serbia includes the
developed such as sensors, data acquisition elements of the previous three concepts and
systems, adaptive systems. Thus, for with the development of I 0T and other
example, in 1973 in Kragujevac was concepts in the AI and others domains,
defended the master thesis in the field of allowing them to further integrate in
sensory development on a radioactive industrial processes and beyond, according
approach, and this research was confirmed in to the social environment. This was
a prestigious international journal. recognized within the Center for Quality and
the CIM Center of the Faculty of
Industry 3.0 supports IT that was developed
Engineering Sciences in Kragujevac, where
in Serbia in the early 70s. The largest center
the focus of activity shifted to man, ie the
was in Kragujevac in the automotive
quality of life as the main goal. These were
industry, and Belgrade through the
also highlighted by quality gurus, but the
cooperation of the Faculty of Mechanical
"classic" view of the world was dominant.
Engineering and Lola Institute. In addition to
That's why the new Quality 4.0 Plus model
classical IT support, the Computer Integrated
will need to include quality of life (Q0L), in
Systems (CeNT), Kragujevac (CIM Center),
particular Quality of Working Life, positive
Novi Sad and Niš have begun to develop in
psychology, and virtual quality (Virtual
the mid-80s. During this period, several
Quality) because the virtual environment in
projects of flexible machining systems
the future will be dominant. This is a
(1988) and CIM system were implemented
practically a Quality 5.0 concept whose
through the Ministry of Science, within
initial model is presented in Figure 3.
which the common databases (1992) were.
Also, within the CIM Center of the Faculty

402 S. Arsovski
 Quality

Creator User

Entities
Entitetes

QoL

Reality
Entities

Figure 3. Human being as creator/user in space of integrated QoL/Quality and real

environment (physical, political, economic, virtual, etc.)

In this model, human being has two sides, 5. Conclusion

both creations and uses of created goods. In
addition to it, QoL and Quality include other
A quality concept evolved from Quality 1.0
entities, such as culture, spirituality,
across Quality 2.0 and Quality 3.0 in era of
leadership, knowledge, technology, products,
Information and Communication
etc. They are all housed in reality (physical
Technologies. For supporting Industry 4.0
through machines, sensors, earth, computers,
concept is developed Quality 4.0 but it is
etc.) and virtual reality (software / hardware
time for development of Quality 5.0 for
devices and environments).
supporting Society 5.0 developed in Japan.
Developing this initial Quality 5.0 model The paper analyzed needs and expectations
will be carried out in different directions, for Social Oriented Quality (SOQ) especially
such as technology, based on new paradigms needed knowledge and spirituality, as well as
(smart cities, knowledge economics, etc.), leadership for success in future.
spirituality, virtual reality, etc.
Now we are in Serbia mixed Quality concept
of Quality 2.0, 3.0 and in some cares 4.0.
Using existed knowledge and government
policy we can expect to make more than
quant steps and in some communities and
organizations to go forward and be beyond
Quality 4.0.

403
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Slavko Arsovski
University of Kragujevac
Faculty of Engineering,
Kragujevac,
Republic of Serbia
cqm@kg.ac.rs

404 S. Arsovski