Name: ______________________________________ Period: ________

Biology 1 Final Exam Review

Unit 1: Introduction to Science and Experimental Design
1. Explain the characteristics of a good controlled experiment (how many variables should be tested?
Sample size?)

2. Explain why experiments require a control and experimental group.

3. What is the difference between hypothesis, theory and law?

4. You have measured the rate at which a fish breathes at various temperatures by counting the rate at which
its gills open. The data is below.

a. Graph the data below

Temperature Breathing rate
(C) (Opening of gills/min)
5 19
10 25
20 30
30 34
35 37

b. What is the independent variable?

c. What is the dependent variable?

d. Identify at least 3 controlled variables for this

experiment.

e. Explain when pie graphs, line graphs and bar graphs should be used. Which one is best for this
experiment?

f. Predict what would happen if you raised the temperature even more.
 g. What qualitative data could you record in this lab? What quantitative data could you record?

5. What are the differences between living and non-living things?

a. List the 8 characteristics of life.

b. How do living things get energy to live? What organelle helps make energy?

c. Provide 2 examples of how organisms maintain homeostasis.

Unit 2: Biochemistry – The Chemistry of Living Things

6. What element makes all things “organic?” ___________________________

7. Water
a. What type of bond holds together the oxygen and two hydrogens in a single water molecule?

b. What type of bonds are found between multiple water molecules? Why do they occur?

c. Explain the properties of water (polar, hydrogen bonding, cohesion, adhesion, surface tension,
high specific heat, universal solvent)

8. Compare and contrast the structure and functions of the following organic molecules:
Organic Compound/
Monomer Subunit Function
Macromolecules

Carbohydrates

Proteins

Lipids

Nucleic Acids

9. Identify the type of organic compound and function of these specific molecules.

Molecule Type of Organic Compound Function

Starch

Cellulose

Phospholipid

Glucose

Enzyme

DNA

Unsaturated Fat

Saturated Fat

10. What type of organic compound is quicker to break down for energy and why?

11. What is the function of an enzyme? Why is the shape of an enzyme important to their function?
 12. All (except for a few) enzymes end in what suffix? __________________ What are some examples of
enzymes?

13. How do extreme pH and temperature affect enzymes? (What is denature?)

14. Label the picture of the following enzymatic reaction: Substrate, Products(s), Enzyme

15. What is the optimal temperature for this enzyme (right) to work?
How can you tell?

16. At which numeral (I, II, III, IV) does this particular enzyme start to
denature? How can you tell?

17. Which enzyme, X or Y (right), would be used in acidic conditions?

How can you tell?

18. What pH is the best for activity for X? _________ Y? _________

How can you tell?

Unit 3: Cell Structure and Function

19. What are the three parts of the cell theory?
20. Explain the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Discuss the nucleus, membrane-bound
organelles, size, and endosymbiotic theory.

21. What is the function of the cell membrane?

22. What are some of the functions of the proteins

found embedded in the cell membrane?
23. Examine the cells below.

a. Which structure (left or right) is an animal

cell? _____________ plant cell? ___________
b. Identify the structures labeled and their function.

Structur Organelle Function

e

A/6

K
 L/1

11

13

24. Compare Passive and Active Transport

Passive Transport Active Transport

Requires energy?
Direction of movement on
concentration gradient?

Examples – 3 each.
Know these examples in
detail.

25. What are the reactants and products for each of these?
Organelle/location of Occurs in which
Process Reactants Products
process cell types?
Photosynthesi
s
Cellular
Respiration

26. Which reaction requires or uses energy? _________________________________

27. Which reaction releases energy (ATP)? ___________________________________

28. Which reaction requires chlorophyll?

_________________

29. Look at the diagram of the cell cycle. When does the
replication of DNA occur? What is this phase called?

30. What occurs in G1 and G2?

31. What stage does the cell spend most of its life in? What does the cell do during this time?

32. Does mitosis include cytokinesis (division of the cytoplasm)? (Y/N?)

33. How is the cell cycle related to tumors/cancer?

34. Put the following stages of mitosis (cell division)

in order. Then Name them.

1st: ________ called __________________

2nd: ________ called __________________

3rd: ________ called __________________

4th: ________ called __________________

5th: ________ called __________________

35. In your own words, explain the steps in cell division. Discuss what happens in each phase (IPMATC)
(vocab words: DNA, chromatin, chromosomes, nucleus, cytoplasm spindle fibers)

36. Name each numbered stage in the plant cell cycle diagram: (interphase, prophase, metaphase,
anaphase, or telophase/cytokinesis)

1. 7. 13.
2. 8. 14.
3. 9. 15.
4. 10. 16.
5. 11. 17.
6. 12. 18.

Plant Cells in Mitosis