Test 2

READING AND USE OF ENGLISH (1 hour 30 minutes)

Parti

For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer {A, B, C or D) best fits each gap.

Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.

There is an example at the beginning (0).

0 A in particular B in any case C in turn D in the end

0 A B C D
■m* i ■"i 7“ i

Scientists and communication

Scientists are often accused of being poor communicators, yet there are many reasons why
scientists, (0) ...A... should be and often are good communicators. After all, science calls
( 1 ) ...... .... enthusiasm and scientists often possess this (2) ........... quality in large quantities.
Enthusiasm can be infectious, but to command the interest of readers, scientists must develop their
other ( 3 ) ........... talents: clarity, observation and knowledge.

Those scientists who are logical thinkers can usually write clearly, and the more clearly thoughts
are ( 4 ) ...... ...., the greater their potential value. In the same way, those who observe must take
account of subtle differences for the observations they may ( 5 ) ........... as significant. Finally, those
who write must have something of ( 6 ) ............value to say.

A scientist whose work never sees the (7 )...........o f day has achieved nothing of worth until some
body else hears about it. It is essential, therefore, for scientists to lay to ( 8 ) ........... the myth that
they cannot communicate, once and for ail.

28
 Reading and Use o f English

1 A on B up C for D in
2 A arresting B engaging C catching D fetching
3 A native B innate C standard D typical
4 A put across B come over C given out D set up
5 A document B predict C enter D pronounce
6 A basic B radical C intrinsic D central
7 A light B start C dawn D birth
8 A sieep B rest C bed D ground

29
nr*
Testj 2^

Part 2

For questions 9-16, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only
one word in each space. There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answers IN CAPITAL
LETTERS on the separate answer sheet.

Example: 0 F

Film music
Any mention (0) ...QF... the movie Star Wars instantly triggers the resounding opening bars of
the film score, which signals the presence of the enemy. But can you call to ( 9 ) .......... who wrote
the music?

{1 0 }.......... to the legendary film director Orson Wells, music accounts (1 1 )............ half the work
in a movie, mostly ( 1 2 ) .......... the audience even knowing the composer’s name. The cruellest
(13) ...... ... of it for the composer is that, in a good film, that is how it should be. if the art of
dressing well is to all intents and purposes to dress in such a way that others do (1 4 ).......... notice
your elegance, the art of a great music score is to fuse so perfectly with what is on the screen that
audiences are unconsciously sucked (1 5 ).......... the mood of the movie. For this reason, even great
movie music brings very (1 6 ).......... recognition to composers.

30
 Reading and Use o f English

Part 3

For questions 17-24, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the
lines to form a word that fits in the space in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0).
Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet.

Example:
3[i00BH[Fl0[niï][Ÿ

Extreme weather

Extreme Weather is packed with facts about the great forces of nature
and is a (0) ..^EAUTIFULLY_ ¡¡¡ustrated science book by BEAUTY
the meteorologist, H. Michael Mogil. The aim of the book is to present
enough knowledge to understand the many (17) ........... of the debate COMPLEX
about climate change.

Mogil is alarmed about the way the public has been (1 8 )...........on this issue, LEAD
being pushed towards certain positions on climate change by the
campaigning of (1 9 )...........and the news media’s need for a good POLITICS
story. He wants to demonstrate that climate change is an (2 0 ).......... CREDIBLE
complicated issue, and that making overly simplistic (2 1 )........... ASSUME
will inevitably (2 2 )...........our understanding. He therefore PAIR
(2 3 )...........emphasises that weather records are short, often REPEAT
incomplete and tricky to compare. Mogil suggests that, in the distant
past, changes in climate occurred in magnitudes far greater than in
recent times. It is the (2 4 )...........detail with which these recent events FINITE
have been recorded that differentiates them from the past.

31
nn ,
Test 2
a

Part 4

For questions 25-30, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first
sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and
eight words, including the word given. Here is an example (0).

Example;
0 Do you mind if I watch you while you paint?
objection
Do y o u ........................................................................................... you while you paint?

. have any objection t o my watching ■

Write only the missing words on the separate answer sheet.

25 it can be difficult to make a decision when there is too much time to think,

reach

Having too much time to think m a y ....................................................................a decision.

26 Visitors can only enter the exhibition if they have booked online,

restricted

Entrance....................................................................................... have booked online.

27 If Stevie hadn’t acted promptly to put out the fire, there might have been more damage to
the kitchen.

in

B u t...........................................................................................out the fire, there might have

been more damage to the kitchen.

32
 Reading and Use o f English

28 Taxes will most probably rise next year,

every

T h e re ....................................................................next year.

29 Although she didn’t agree with the management’s decision, Chioe was forced to accept it.

choice

Much as she disagreed with it, C hioe.................................................................... the

management’s decision.

30 We have taken to going to the cinema on Fridays,

habit

W e ...........................................................................................going to the cinema on Fridays.

33
Test 2

Part 5

You are going to read a newspaper article about young people and technology. For questions
31-36, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text. Mark your
answers on the separate answer sheet.

Young People and Technology

Dan ah Boyd is a specialist researcher looking at how young people use technology
If there's one cliche that really grates with Danah Boyd, who has made a career from studying the way younger
people use the web, it's that of the digital native. 'There's nothing native about young people's engagement
with technology/ she says, adamantly. She has little time for the widely held assumption that kids are innately
more adept at coping with the web or negotiating the hurdles of digital life. 'Young people are learning about
/ine 5 the social world around them,' she says, 'Today that world has computer-mediated communications. Thus, in
order to learn about their social world, they're learning about those things too. And they're leveraging that to
work out the stuff that kids have always worked out: peer sociality, status, etc.'
It's no surprise she takes exception, really: as one of the first digital anthropologists to dig into the way
people use social networking sites, Boyd has a track record of exposing the truths that underpin many of
our assumptions about the online world. Along the way, she's gained insights into the social web - not just
by conducting studies of how many kids were using social-networking sites, but by taking a doser look at
what was going on.
Lately, her work has been about explaining new ways of interpreting the behaviour we see online,
and understanding that the context of online activity is often more subtle than we first imagine. She
outlined some examples at a recent conference in San Francisco, including the case of a young man
from one of the poorest districts of Los Angeles who was applying to a prestigious American college.
The applicant said he wanted to escape the influence of gangs and violence, but the admissions
officer was appalled when he discovered that the boy's MySpace page was plastered w ith precisely
the violent language and gang imagery he claimed to abhor. Why was he lying about his motivations,
asked the university? 'He wasn't,' says Boyd: in his world, showing the right images online was a key
part of surviving daily life.
Understanding what's happening online is especially pertinent while discussions rage about how
perceptions of privacy are shifting - particularly the idea that today's teenagers have a vastly different
approach to privacy from their predecessors. Instead, Boyd says, activities that strike adults as radically new
are often more easily understood from the perspective of teenagers. 'Kids have always cared about privacy,
it's just that their notions of privacy look very different from adult notions/ she says, 'Kids often don't have
the kind of privacy adults assume they do. Adults, by and large, think of the home as a very private space.
The thing is, for young people that's often not the case because they have little or no control over who has
access to it, or under what conditions. As a result, the online world can feel more private because it feels
like there's more control.'
This concept of control is central to Boyd's work, and it applies not only to
fine 32 debunking myths about teenage behaviour, but also to similar ideas that have emerged about the rest of the
web. Unlike some prognosticators who preach unstoppable revolution, Boyd suggests that control remains,
fine 34 by and large, in the same places it always did. 'Technologists all go for the notion of "techno-utopia",
the web as great démocratiser/ she says. 'Sure, we've made creation and distribution more available to
anyone, but at the same time we've made those things irrelevant. Now the commodity isn't distribution, it's
attention - and guess what? We're not actually democratising the whole system -- we're just shifting the way
in which we discriminate.'
It's a call to arms that most academic researchers would tend to sidestep, but then Boyd admits to
treading a fine line between academic and activist. After all, she adds, part of her purpose is to look
at the very questions that make us feel uncomfortable. 'Part of it is that as a researcher, everybody's
obsessed with Twitter and Facebook, and we've got amateur research all over the place,' she says. 'Plenty
. ■ of scholars are jumping in and looking at very specific things. The questions I continue to want to ask
/ ;. are ffte things that are challenging to me: having to sit down and be forced to think about uncomfortable
■, -Social stuff, and it's really hard to get my head around it, which means it's exactly what I should dive in
and deâI with.'

34
 Reading and Use o f English

31 What point does Danah Boyd make about ‘computer-mediated communications’ (line 5)?
A They set out to teach the young about social interaction.
B They are an Integra! part of a young person’s social interaction.
C They act as a barrier to wider social interaction amongst young people.
D They take the place of other sorts of social interaction for young people.

32 In the second paragraph, what do we learn about Danah’s research into social networking
sites?
A It has largely sought to account for their rapid growth.
B It has tended to question people’s attitudes towards them.
C It has taken the form of in-depth studies into how they are designed.
D It has begun to investigate whether they are as influential as people think.

33 What point does Danah’s example of the Los Angeles college applicant illustrate?
A how easy it is to misinterpret an individual’s online activity
B how readily somebody’s online activity can be investigated
C what their online activity can tell us about a person’s sincerity
D how important it is to check the content of someone’s online activity

34 The phrase ‘debunking myths’ (line 32) refers to Danah’s view that
A today’s teenagers are less concerned about privacy than previous generations.
B teenagers value the idea of privacy more in a domestic environment.
C teenagers’ attitudes to privacy are changing less than people think.
D parents tend not to respect teenagers’ need for online privacy.

35 Danah uses the term ‘techno-utopia’ (line 34) to underline her view that
A her research has resonance for a community of web users of all ages.
B people have unrealistic expectations about the influence of the web.
C control of the web remains in much the same hands as before.
D the web has a largely positive effect on many people’s lives.

36 In the last paragraph, we are given the impression that Danah

A feels that a lot of research about the web is lacking in sufficient detail.
B is aware that some issues in her field cannot yet be researched fully.
C regards herself as being more of a philosopher than a researcher.
D is willing to take on research challenges others would avoid.

35
Test 2

Part 6

You are going to read an article about the work of a TV animator. Seven paragraphs have been
removed from the extract. Choose from the paragraphs A-H the one which fits each gap (37-43).
There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the separate
answer sheet.

An Animated Life
Adam Farish works in stop-motion animation - the easy to see why stop-motion animation has a reputa
technique of making TV cartoons by manipulating static tion for being, well, slow. ‘We've got a target of 13
models rather than using drawings or computers. It seconds a day. Most other companies do three or
might sound a bit childish, but it isn’t all child’s play. ‘I four, but because we’re doing series work and there’s
tell people what i do, and they go, “You can’t do that. tight deadlines, we have to push it to 13 seconds -
Get a proper job!’’’ A sheepish grin spreads across the that is 325 frames in other words. It’s quite strange,’
face of Adam Parish, 36, who spends eight hours a day he muses, ‘because it's so ... ,’ he searches for the
playing with dolls. ‘It makes me laugh,’ he shrugs. And, right word, ‘dull.’
on cue, he laughs. It’s an explosive, wheezy laugh, a
brief eruption of permanently suppressed amusement. 40
Even after three years as an animator, it seems as if
he still can’t believe his luck. So, as far as anyone can tell, the knack of getting it
right is handed out at birth, and not to many people.
Yet despite the rareness of the skill, the animator’s job
is seldom secure. Most work on short-term contracts
His company’s big project at the moment is the new (Farish’s runs out in May), and, as with so many
Rupert Bear series, Follow the Magic. Consequently, labour-intensive industries, other countries are taking
Farish has spent many months absorbed in Rupert’s an ever-increasing share of the business.
surreal existence. I t is acting, but you’re not using
your own body to act with,’ he explains. ‘We come in 41
and we have to pretend we’re five-year-old toy bears
rescuing elephants out of trees, it does something to Farish grew up in Aldershot, an army town, with a
your head after a while.’ father who believed firmly in discipline. This belief en
gendered the opposite in his son, who, despite being
38 bright, barely attended school and managed to leave
with a bad report and an attitude problem. ‘I was a bit
This great mountain of work must all be performed to mouthy,’ he says, ‘generally my own fault.’
a minute level of detail, and with complete accuracy. If
a character makes a large gesture, for instance, there 42
must always be a slight recoil in the limb before they
do it. This must be posed and photographed. Blinking, He survived on what work he could find, moving on
which a character must do ail the time if it is to seem from town to town once he’d outstayed his welcome.
human, involves replacing an open eyelid with a half- ‘At times, I loved it,’ he admits, ‘that total freedom from
closed eyelid and taking a picture, then replacing this responsibility. And then it starts getting a bit cold, and
with a three-quarter-closed eyelid and taking a picture, you think: “Help! How am I going to eat?”’
then switching to a fully closed one and taking a pic
ture, then putting on the three-quarter one again ... 43

39 Now Farish makes £30,000 a year, at least until May,

and has never been happier. Despite the insecurity,
When you factor in all the work done by others in the boredom, and having to explain what he does all
building and lighting the sets correctly and providing the time, he says he loves his job - especially when
each character with their props and costumes, it is the dolls get something exciting to do.

36
 Reading and Use o f English

A Because he’s known worse, these threats to his E Having started as a plumber’s apprentice in
livelihood bother Farish less than most. For six the early 1990s, he found himself without
years he was homeless, on and off, and even food qualifications, and then suddenly without a job
was not guaranteed. ‘I’ve already hit the lowest when economic recession hit. ‘People stopped
you can go,’ he says. paying each other, and i was bottom of the chain.’
He was left with just a sleeping-bag, a penknife
B But even this isn’t the most laborious process. That and a change of clothes to depend on.
honour goes to speech, as every lip and tongue
movement for every sound has to be posed and F In fact, Farish’s dedication knows no bounds. He
photographed, and the result must synchronise even creates short cartoons in his spare time for
perfectly with the recorded soundtrack. The his own amusement. Stop-motion is too complex
character may be pointing and simultaneously and expensive to do at home, so he is teaching
doing a little dance. Writers, on the whole, are himseif computer-generated animation. ‘It started
blithely unaware of the nightmare such actions off as a bit of light relief but it's gradually taking
will bring for the poor wretch who translates their over home life as well,’
imaginations into reality.
G But then, after a period studying production
C Small, stocky and shaven-headed, Farish does management at drama school, Farish enrolled
not immediately make one think of children’s on a web-design course. One day they had an
television. He works in Manchester for Cosgrove animation lesson, and out of 20 students, Farish
Hall, a famous old animation shop responsible was the only one who could do it. On his teacher’s
for classics such as Danger Mouse and Count recommendation, he gave up web design and
Duckula, The building is a warren of black baize took a degree in animation. ‘I never chose to be
curtains, separating a series of untidy studios. an animator,’ he says. I t never occurred to me that
The atmosphere is one of chaos held precariously you could do this for a job.’
at bay.
H That would not, of course, be the reaction of a
D Towards the end of even the longest day child, but while a child might put a more positive
however, comes the moment that animators live spin on this, no child couid muster the prodigious
for: pressing ‘play’. I t ’s a dead object,’ says Farish, levels of discipline and concentration required to
‘and then all of a sudden it’s moving around and see the job through. All the cartoons are filmed with
talking, and jumping about.’ It’s as if he is describing stop-motion animation so Farish spends his days
some kind of magic spell. ‘You can’t see until you’ve breaking down the behaviour of his characters into
done it, so it’s all got to be in your head until you’re thousands of tiny steps, posing the puppets into
finished, and when you press play - that’s when each position, and taking a picture of the scene to
you find out if it all works or not.’ make a frame of film.

37
Test 2

Fart 7

You are going to read an article about work-life balance. For questions 44-53, choose from the
sections (A-D). The sections may be chosen more than once. Mark your answers on the separate
answer sheet.

Which section mentions the following?

involvement in decision-making leading to increased worker satisfaction 44

a term that was once used to refer to an inadequate work-life balance 45

a reduction in one business’s expenditure caused by improved staff retention 46

a recognition among some employees of the necessity for longer working hours 47

changes in the world of work leading to competition between established

and emerging companies 48

the statutory regulation of work-life balance ideas 49

certain staff benefits no longer being seen as adequate by potential employees 50

a change in how work-life balance developments are generated 51

a way of defining what work-life balance involves 52

a theory as to what people require out of life 53 |

38
 Reading and Use o f English

issues arising out of the continuing work-life balance debate in the UK

A
Here in the UK, the continuous pressure of work and the relentless pace of change is impacting on people.
Hard. And some people have reached the point where they want their lives back or at least are questioning
how they can balance their w ork obligations w ith their domestic responsibilities. This includes new
recruits - employers also recognise that in the battle to attract talented people the tried and tested
incentives of high salary, a medical plan and use of a company car will not pull in the high fliers any more.
But what exactly does work-life balance cover? In the recent past, 'stress' was the word that best seemed
to represent this general concern about too much work, too little life. Everyone understood it, since they
experienced it at a personal level, but work-life balance has larger parameters. According to the Work
Foundation, it is only achieved when an individual's right to a fulfilled life inside and outside paid work is
respected as the norm. So, for example, work-life balance also takes into account the contribution that
people want to make to the world in which they live. It includes the recognition that people have to manage
family life and it considers the impact that an excessive workload has on people's health,

S
We can point to the psychologist, Abraham Maslow, as the inspiration behind the work-life balance
phenomenon. Maslow's 'hierarchy of needs' model posits five ascending levels of need, each stage of
which has to be satisfied in turn before the individual can move onwards and upwards. So, at the base of
the triangular model, individuals first have to satisfy their physical survival needs, while at the apex of the
triangle, is the 'self-actualised' individual whose priorities are personal growth and fulfilm ent, Maslow's
work fused w ith a trend that also affected the concerns about work-life balance. Having a job for life, which
had been part of the bedrock values of traditional companies, simply could not be sustained by the dynamic
marketplace of the 1990s and beyond. The old certainties evaporated, and employers realised that the new
imperative was to ensure their employees became as innovative as the young entrepreneurs w ho were
creating exciting new businesses of their own.

C
The idea of a work-life balance has evolved over time. In the UK, there has been a long tradition of
government-based initiatives that were its forerunners. However, w ith work-life balance as it exists today,
the influence of some corporate role models has had the most impact. Consider Ben & Jerry's, the US
ice-cream company. Since the 1980s, this firm has recognised that people wanted a different sort of
work experience. It made a virtue out of donating 7.5 per cent of its pre-tax profits to philanthropy - an
employee-led initiative. Engaging employees in such a way has helped both to improve motivation and
drive innovation and productivity, making Ben & Jerry's into an extremely lucrative brand. A recent survey
identified more than 100 varieties of similar work-life initiatives. However, it is clear that the most important
variable in work-life balance is the nature of the job itself. People want jobs w ith autonomy, flexibility,
meaning, managerial support as well as a chance for advancement.

D
So, do work-life balance policies work? In the UK there has been little doubt that they have had a positive
impact. British Telecom, for instance, used work-life balance initiatives both to draw more women into
the workforce and to address the significant problem of losing staff. As a result, a staggering 98 per cent
of wom en returned after maternity leave, saving the organisation a tidy sum in recruitment and training.
Work-life balance is already a catch-all term for many different new policy developments and the list is
still growing. Many employees know from direct experience that the world of work is changing. In a 24/7
society, they recognise that their customers expect service round-the-clock. And they also know that they
have to juggle their home responsibilities while stretching their schedules to meet custom er expectations.
Employers know this too. Indeed, there is a raft of legal provisions governing work-life balance being driven
by the European Union. And what the individual employee wants and the employer is set to deliver need
not be in opposition.

39
Test 2

W RITING (1 hour 30 minutes)

Part 1

Read the two texts below.

Write an essay summarising and evaluating the key points from both texts. Use your own words
throughout as far as possible, and include your own ideas in your answers.

Write your answer in 240-280 words.

1 Movie magic

It has often been claimed that people flock to the cinema primarily to escape from ■
the boredom, or sometimes even the misery, of their everyday lives. Remarkable :
technological advances have made the experience of watching a movie ever more j,
magical and emotionally powerful, increasing the appeal and impact of the cinema f
for each new generation. Yet movies have a power that goes far beyond their capacity ;>
to transport us to another world, since they can influence audiences to change their ;;
attitudes or behaviour in significant ways, making them consider complex moral and
social issues such as war, poverty, and prejudice. A

Is the cinema in decline? |p

Jr
The inescapable truth is that the cinema, one of the greatest cultural achievements of
the twentieth century, has reached a new low point in recent years. All but a few movies if
are, frankly, not worth anyone's valuable time. Audiences are increasingly presented te
with childish comedies, predictable action films and disappointing sequels. There is jit
also the absurd idea that a film with an inflated budget of millions is a substitute pit
for a well-acted, imaginative and original film. Film studios now spend almost as i!
much money on marketing their films as producing them, which tends to suggest p
, their concern is with profit rather than quality li

Write your essay.

40
 Writing

Part 2

Write an answer to one of the questions 2-5 in this part. Write your answer in 280-320 words in
an appropriate style.

2 You are a student at an international coiiege. Your tutor has asked you to write an article for the
college website on ways students can improve language skills outside the classroom. In your
article, you should suggest ways in which students can make contact with English-language
speakers. You should also assess whether the most effective way of improving language skills is
to make friends with speakers of the language.
Write your article.

3 An environmental organisation is inviting suggestions for new ways of raising people’s awareness
of the importance of protecting the countryside. You decide to write a letter in which you briefly
describe your idea for a publicity campaign. You should also analyse the reasons why, in general,
it is important to protect the countryside.
Write your letter.

4 An English-language magazine called Technology Today is preparing a special edition on

technological innovations of recent years such as new gadgets, applications for mobile phones
or computer software. You decide to send in a review recommending something that you have
found useful, briefly describing what it can do, and analysing the reasons why it has become
popular.
Write your review.

5 Write an answer to one of the following two questions based on one of the titles below. Write 5(a)
or 5(b) at the beginning of your answer.

(a) Marc Norman and Tom Stoppard: Shakespeare in Love

Your book group has asked for reports on screenplays to read in which minor characters
play significant roles. You decide to write a report recommending Shakespeare in Love
and briefly describing the roles played by three of the following: Kit (Christopher) Marlowe,
the Queen, Webster and the Nurse. You should also assess any impact that these three
characters had on Will or Viola.
Write your report.

(b) Philip K Dick: Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?

A student magazine is planning a series of articles called ‘Future Visions’, on some of the
societies imagined by science fiction writers. You submit an article briefly describing the
future world shown in Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?, and also explaining what
people depend on for feelings of emotional satisfaction in this future world.
Write your article.

41
Test 2

LISTENING (40 minutes approximately)

Part 1

You will hear three different extracts. For questions 1-6, choose the answer (A, B or C) which fits
best according to what you hear.

You hear a science lecturer talking to students about the sense of taste.

1 How does the lecturer feel about the so-called Tongue Map’?

A surprised that it was accepted for so long

B frustrated by the diversity of views about it
C doubtful about whether it should continue to be used

2 Why does the lecturer refer to his own experience as a schoolchild?

A to encourage his students to trust their own judgement

B to show his students how scientific opinion changes over time
C to highlight the misleading nature of some classroom experiments

Extract Two

You hear a successful businessperson, Tom Meadon, talking about his career.

3 What does Tom say benefitted him most as a young man?

A the support of his family

B the decision to follow his own instincts
C the opportunities to travel to other countries

4 What is his attitude to Human Resources staff?

A He feels they have made some unwise changes.

B He is frustrated by their tack of commitment.
C He wishes they would be more open-minded.

42
 Listening

Extract Three

You hear two students, Jacky and Martin, discussing power and influence.

5 What attribute do they agree gives one person most power over another?

A being intelligent
B possessing great wealth
C having an impressive job title

6 What has Jacky found out about people who are easily influenced?

A Their status in society has little impact.

B They frequently doubt their own abilities.
C Their gender is a significant factor.

43
Test 2

Part 2

You will hear a sport psychologist called Brian Hawthorn giving a talk to psychology students about
his profession.

For questions 7-15, complete the sentences with a word or short phrase.

Brian says that sport psychologists assist both (7) ..............................................and

professional and amateur competitors.

Brian helps his clients deal with problems caused by

( 8 ) ...................................... ...................... and emotional setbacks.

Brian says sport psychologists sometimes need to suggest ways for a trainer to improve
( 9 ) ...................................... ..................... within their team.

Brian says most sport psychologists do

(1 0 )...................................... ...................... as well as private consultancy work.

According to Brian, all the techniques that sport psychologists use focus on encouraging
(1 1 ).................................................. ...........in their clients.

Brian refers to a (1 2 ).............................................................that people can make through

visualisation before going to, for example, a job interview.

Brian suggests that a footballer failed because he was thinking about the
(13) ............................... ............................. of his teammates.

Brian condemns the trend whereby a sportsman has

(14) ............................. ............................... thrown at him from the crowd.

According to Brian, the ability to cope with (1 5 ).............................................................is what

distinguishes the best sportspeople.

44
 Listening

Part 3

You will hear a programme in which Rachel and Ian White talk about their office supplies
company.
For questions 16-20, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to what you
hear.

16 How did the members of the Brisbane Business Network help Rachel and Ian?
A by suggesting possible sources of funding
B by giving them an idea of what was possible
C by advising them against expanding too fast
D by supporting them when they felt iike giving up

17 What do Rachel and Ian say about choosing a website design company?
A Look at other websites they have made.
B Find out what qualifications and awards they have.
C Check that you can contact them later if you need to.
D Make sure they are already familiar with your type of business.

18 With regard to marketing, they recommend

A choosing techniques that require little time.
B checking that the database is regularly updated.
C making frequent visits to inform clients of developments.
D trying to build up a personal relationship with the client base.

19 When they asked for help with budgeting, they were relieved to find that
A their business was improving.
B they were doing better than their competitors.
C their accounts were becoming more accurate.
D their targets were appropriate.

20 Rachel and Ian found it useful to teach others about business plans because
A it reminded them of things they had forgotten.
B they got new ideas and insight from the students.
C it helped clarify things they had not understood before.
D they realised how much they had learned over the years.

45
 Test 2
C\ Part 4

You will hear five short extracts in which university students are talking about a work placement that they did.

TASK ONE TASK TWO

For questions 21-25, choose from the list (A-H) how each For questions 26-30, choose from the list (A-H) what each
speaker found their work placement. speaker found most useful during the work placement.
While you listen, you must complete both tasks.

A through a family member A getting to know colleagues

B on an academic website B receiving feedback

Speaker 1 21 Speaker 1 26
C through a chance meeting C doing work-based research
Speaker 2 22 Speaker 2 27
D on the Internet D having to meet targets
Speaker 3 23 Speaker 3 28
E at a university job fair E getting used to a fixed routine
Speaker 4 24 Speaker 4 29
F from a classmate’s recommendation F sharing opinions of proposals
Speaker 5 25 Speaker 5 30
G through a contact in the sector G putting theories into practice
H in a trade journal H being involved in basic procedures