Unit 3
Extraoral Radiographic Anatomy
Richard P Madden, DDS, MS
Adjunct Associate Professor
Diagnostic & Biological Sciences
RMadden@umn.edu
Unit 3 Intraoral and extraoral
radiographic anatomy
• Responsible for:
– Auto-tutorial contents
http://www1.umn.edu/dental/courses/orad_anatomy/
• “Intraoral anatomic landmarks” contents
• “Extraoral anatomic landmarks” contents
– White & Pharoah 6th edition
• pages 46-52, 152-206
Mandibular Oblique Lateral Projection
(Lateral Jaw, Lateral oblique)
Mandibular Oblique Lateral Projection
(Lateral Jaw, Lateral oblique)
• The film is placed against the
side of the patient’s face
• X-ray beam is directed
postero-anteriorly from the
opposite side
Mandibular Oblique Lateral Projection
(Lateral Jaw, Lateral oblique)
Mandibular Oblique Lateral Projection
(Lateral Jaw, Lateral oblique)
A. Coronoid Process
B. Condyle
C. Sigmoid notch
D. Zygomatic arch
E. Mandibular foramen
F. Hyoid bone
Mandibular Oblique Lateral Projection
(Lateral Jaw, Lateral oblique)
A. Maxillary tuberosity
B. Lower border of
mandible (side away
from film)
C. Mental foramen
D. Superior border of
tongue
E. Styloid process
F. Mandibular canal
Mandibular Oblique Lateral Projection
(Lateral Jaw, Lateral oblique)
Mandibular Oblique Lateral Projection
(Lateral Jaw, Lateral oblique)
A. Zygomatic process of
maxilla
B. Vertrebral column
C. Lower border of
mandible (side closer to
film)
D. Zygoma
E. Zygomatic arch
Mandibular Oblique Lateral Projection
(Lateral Jaw, Lateral oblique)
A. Lower border of orbit
B. Neck of condyle
C. Vertebral column
D. Hyoid bone
Mandibular Oblique Lateral Projection
(Lateral Jaw, Lateral oblique)
• Identify the structures
Lateral Skull Projection
(Lateral head plate)
Lateral Skull Projection
• Midsagittal plane of
the patient’s head is
parallel to the film
• X-ray beam is
perpendicular to the
film
Midsagittal plane
Lateral Skull Projection
Lateral Skull Projection
• Center portion of Lateral Head Plate
Lateral Skull Projection
• A= Frontal sinus
• B= Floor of the anterior cranial fossa
• C= Anterior clinoid process
• D= Posterior clinoid process
• E= Pituitary fossa
Lateral Skull Projection
• A= Nasal bone
• B= Zygomatic process of the maxilla closer to the film
• C= Ethmoid sinus
• D= Pterygomaxillary fissure
Lateral Skull Projection
Lateral Skull Projection
• A= Orbital plates of frontal bone
• B= Orbit
• C= Sphenoid sinus
• D= Cross section of the greater wing of the sphenoid (ant. wall of
middle cranial fossa)
Lateral Skull Projection
• Lower portion of Lateral Head Plate
Lateral Skull Projection
• A= Zygomatic process of the maxilla closer to the film
• B= Zygomatic process of the maxilla further to the film
• C= Dorsal border of tongue
• D= Pterygoid plate complex
• E= Soft palate
Lateral Skull Projection
• A= Hard palate
• B= Lingual cortical plate of mandible (anterior part)
• C= Nasopharynx
Postero-Anterior (PA)
Skull Projection
Postero-Anterior (PA)
Skull Projection
• Midsagittal plane of the
head is perpendicular to
the film
• Forehead and the nose
touch the film
• X-ray beam is
perpendicular to the film
*See the auto-tutorial for Antero-posterior (AP) View
Postero-Anterior (PA)
Skull Projection
• Upper portion of PA View
Postero-Anterior (PA)
Skull Projection
• A= Orbital plate of frontal bone
• B= Frontal spine
• C= Sup. border of orbit
• D= Sphenoid sinus
Postero-Anterior (PA)
Skull Projection
• A= Lesser wing of sphenoid
• B= Ethmoid sinus
• C= Middle nasal meatus
• D= Oblique orbital line (innominate line)
• E= Floor of posterior cranial fossa
Postero-Anterior (PA)
Skull Projection
• A= Lacrimal canal
• B= Middle nasal concha
• C= Vomer
• D= Mastoid air cells
• E= Atlas-occipital condyle articulation
Postero-Anterior (PA)
Skull Projection
• Lower portion of PA View
Postero-Anterior (PA)
Skull Projection
• A= Zygomatic process of maxilla
• B= Anterior border of ascending ramus
• C= Coronoid process
• D= Odontoid process of axis
• E= Maxillary tuberosity
Postero-Anterior (PA)
Skull Projection
• A= Inferior nasal concha
• B= Inferior nasal meatus
• C= Occipital condyle
• D= Maxillary sinus
Postero-Anterior (PA)
Skull Projection
• A= Wall of nasal fossa
• B= Angle of the mandible
• C= Body of the mandible
• D= Maxillary sinus
• E= Nasal septum
Water’s Projection
(Water's (PA Oblique) View)
Water's Projection
• Midsagittal plane
of the head is
perpendicular to
the film
• chin touches
the film
• X-ray beam is
perpendicular to
the film
Water's Projection
• A= Frontal sinus
Upper portion of Water’s
• B=Crista galli
• C=Supraorbital notch
• D=Lesser wing of sphenoid
Water's Projection
• A= Foramen rotundum
• B= Foramen ovale Center portion of Water’s
• C= Nasal septum
• D= Floor of middle cranial fossa
Water's Projection
• A= Sphenoid sinus
Center portion of Water’s
• B= Infraorbital foramen and canal
• C= Superior orbital fissure
Water's Projection
• A= Inferior aspect of the base of skull
• B= Odontoid process of axis Lower portion of Water’s
• C= Inferior border of body of mandible
Submentovertex (SMV) Projection
• Midsagittal plane is
perpendicular to the film
• The central beam enters
perpendicular to the image
receptor and is centered
about 2 cm anterior to the
condyles
Submentovertex (SMV) Projection
• See the auto-
tutorial for
anatomical
landmarks
Lateral Transcranial View of TMJ
• Midsagittal plane of the
head is parallel to the
film
• X-ray beam enters the
opposite side from a
point approximately 2”
superior and 1”
posterior to the external
auditory meatus
• Beam is directed
postero-anteriorly
Lateral Transcranial View of TMJ
Lateral Transcranial View of TMJ
Lateral Transcranial View of TMJ
Lateral Transcranial View of TMJ
OPEN
VIEW
Panoramic radiograph
• Panogram
• A= Infraorbital rim
• B= Zygomatic process of maxilla
• C= Condyle
• D= Coronoid process
• A= Common nasal meatus
• B= Inferior nasal concha
• C= Hard palate
• D= Superior border of the tongue
• A= Nasal septum
• B= Hyoid bone
• C= Zygomatic process of temporal bone
• D= Inferior nasal meatus
• A= Posterior wall of maxillary sinus
• B= Hard palate
• C= Soft palate
• D= Maxillary tuberosity
• A= Inferior border of mandibular canal
• B= Left maxillary sinus
• C= Ear lobe
• D= Mental foramen
A. Articular eminence
B. Sigmoid notch
C. Shadow of contralateral mandible
D. Glenoid fossa
E. Posterior border of ramus
F. Inferior border of mandible
Quiz 8
