Tomato processing
SUBMITTED TO:- DR.SOMESH SHARMA
SUBMITTED BY:- ABHISHEK THAKUR
Tomato is grown in our country in abundance, both in
summer and winter seasons, but those grown in winter are
superior in quality because they contain more total solids.
They are a good source of vitamin C. Fresh tomatoes are very
refreshing and appetizing but cannot be stored for a long
period. Often they are sold at distress prices during the peak
harvest season and nearly 25 per cent of the produce is
spoiled due to mishandling. Such losses can be avoided by
converting tomatoes into delicious products. Large qualities
of tomatoes are canned or made into paste, puree, juice,
ketchup and sauce.
Tomatoes can be processed into a number of
products:-
Tomato juices
Tomato puree and paste
Tomato sauces/ketchup
Tomato chutney
Tomato soup
Tomato chilli sauce
Tomato juices
Plant-ripened , fully red fruits are selected, discarding all
green ,blemished and over-ripe fruits. A good quality juice
should be of deep red colour, possess the characteristic taste
and flavour of tomato, contain about 0.4 per cent acid, be
uniform in appearance and have high nutritive value.
In addition juice should contain 0.5% salt, 1% sugar, 0.4%
acid. Hot pulping is superior to cold pulping because in the
latter case, extraction of juice is somewhat difficult and its
yield is less.vit C is oxidised more rapidly.
Flow sheet for tomato juice
Tomato
washing
sorting & trimming
cutting &chopping
heating at 70-90˚C for 3-5 min
Pulping/extraction of juice
addition of salt ,sugar, citric acid
homogenization
Heating at 82-88˚C for a minute
Filling hot into bottles/cans
Sterilization in boiling water for 30 min
Cooling
sealing
Tomato puree & paste
Tomato pulp without skin or seeds, with or without added
salt, and containing not less than 0.9 per cent of salt-free
tomato solids, is known as ‘medium tomato puree’. It
can be concentrated further to ‘heavy tomato puree’ which
contains not less than 12 per cent solids. If this further
concentrated so that it contains not less than 25 per cent
tomato solids, it is known as ‘tomato paste’.
Flow sheet for tomato puree/paste
Strained tomato juice
cooking to desired consistency
Judging of end point for pure/paste
filling hot into bottles/cans
sterilization in boiling water for 20minutes
Cooling
storage at ambient temperature
Tomato sauce/ketch up
It is made from strained tomato juice or pulp and
spices,salt,sugar and vinegar, with or without onion
and garlic, and contains not less than 12 per cent
tomato solids and 25 per cent total solids.
Flow sheet for tomato sauce/ketchup
Tomatoes washing sorting/trimming cutting/chopping
heating at 70-90˚C for 3-5mins pulping straining
tomato pulp/juice cooking pulp with 1/3 of sugar
putting spice bag& pressure occasion cooking to 1/3
original volume of pulp/juice removal of spice bag
Add of remaining sugar& salt cooking judging of end point
addition of vinegar/acetic acid & preservative filling hot
into bottles at about 88˚C crown corking pasteurization
cooling storage at ambient temperature.
Tomato chutney
Chutney is basically a mixture containing fruits &
vegetable along with species, salt, sugar, & vinegar. A
good chutney is reasonable smooth, perishable &
appetizing and have flavour of the fruits & vegetable
used in preparation. As per FSSAI specifications
chutney should have minimum 50%TSS & 40% fruit
part.
Flow sheet for Tomato chutney
Tomatoes washing sorting blanching for
2mins putting quickly in cold water peeling
crushing addition of ingredients except salt &
vinegar & cooking gently to desired consistency
add of preservative filling hot into bottles
sealing storage at ambient temperature.
Tomato soup
Soup is becoming very popular in homes. Stored soup
is warmed at the time of serving.
Flow sheet for tomato soup
Tomato pulp/juice boiling to concentrate
putting spice bag in cooking pan preparing paste
of butter and flour addition to concentrated juice
cooking to desired consistency with continuous
stirring addition of sugar and salt and cooking for
2 mins removal of spice bag filling into cans
sterilization cooling storage.
Tomato chilli sauce
It is highly spiced product made from ripe ,peeled and
crushed tomatoes and salt, sugar, spices, vinegar, with or
without onion and garlic. The method of preparation is
similar to that for tomato sauce except that the total
unstrained pulp is used and seeds are not removed. Hot
product is filled in bottles or cans and processed in water at
85-90˚C for 30mins.
Flow sheet for tomato chilli sauce
Tomatoes
Washing
Sorting
Blanching for 2 mins
Peeling
Cooking pulp with 1/3 sugar
Rest of process similar to that of tomato sauce.
Problems with preparation of Tomatoes.
Black neck:- formation of black ring in the neck region of
bottle is known as black neck. Its caused by iron which
gets into the products from the matter of the equipments
& the cap of crown wall through the action of acetic acid.
This iron come into the contact with tannins in species
forms ferrous tannate which is oxidized to ferric
tannate.it can be prevented:-
Filling hot sauce or ketchup at a temp not less than 85˚C.
Reducing contamination by iron
Partial replacement of sugar by corn syrup or glucose
syrup which contain sulphur & prevent blacking.
Addition of 100ppm SO₂ or milligram ascorbic acid using
cloves only after removing the head region.
