Casting a Chart:
Panchanga Method
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ffl h. components of a Panchanga are Tithl' Vara,
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L Nakshatra, Yoga and Karana. The Panchanga also gives
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what time is left (bhoglra or eshya) in the rising sign at
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sunrise on any given day. Our Panchangas follow the
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nirayana (Sidereal) System.
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First note the latitude and the longitude of the,place of
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birth. The longitude multiplied by four gives the local time.
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India's Standard time is five hours and thirty minutes ahead
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of Greenwich Meridian Time. It is 82o5O' east of Creenwich.
We have to correct the given standard time of birth into the
local mean time of birth. It is better to have the local mean
time of Sunrise or Sunset.
We take an illustration. The native was born at 11.6.24
AM 1920. L.22. Th,e place was 160 15' North and 8Oo 59'
East. The local time \s 322 minutes and 56 seconds
ahead of Greenwich. Since Indian Standard Time (lST) is
5 hours and 50 minutes, the local time is 7 minutes and
24 seconds behind IST. By deducting this from the given
IST I I .06.24 we get the local mean tirne (LMT) 10.59 AM.
The local mean time of sunrise on that day was 6h,
35m, 48s. Deducting this from the time of birth we get 4h,
23m, l2s. Each ghati is equal lo 24 minutes; each Vighati
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C,4STINO A CNART PANCTTANOAMETTTOD 127
is 24 seconds. Multiplying the duration in hours, minutes
and seconds by 2Vzw@ get the time of birth as lO ghatis
and 58 vighatis. This is called Ishta Kala ot Udayadi Janma
Kala.
On the day of birth the Sun was in Makara' The
Panchanga shows that at Sunrise on that day the Sun has
completed one ghati and twelve vighatis in that sign' For the
given latitude the duration of Makara is 4gh, 4Ovgh' The
iemaining portion is gh b.28. We have to add the durations
of the succeeding signs till we come to the required time of
birth. We Proceed thus.
gh. vgh.
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Makara ca
Kumbha +4. 8
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+4. 2
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Mlna
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ll. 58
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- 10. 5B
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Time of birth
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Portion remaining in Mlna O' 40
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Ch 4.O2 minus O'4O gives portion elapsed in Mina' viz"
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gn 3.22. For a duration of gh 4.O2 we have thirty degrees'
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= = 242
and for gh 5.22 we get 3.22 x 30 + 4'O2 2O2 x 50
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- 25o.5' Mina as the janma lagna (Birth Ascendant)'
Next the positions of the planets prior to the time of
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birth on that day. lf there is no transit on that day'
date of
take the posttions on the date nearest to this
on that
birth, going backwards. The Moon was in Srztvana
previous day Sravana begins' We note the
O"V. & tf,e
have to note
toLt duration of the nakshatra' Then we
that nakshatra is yet to elapse' For this
how much more of
the balance of dasa (major
ferioa we have to calculate
period) at birth.
CountthejanmanakshatrafromKrittikaanddivideitby
this table in
nine. The ,emui.,d"r gives the first dasa as Per
this order:
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124 TEXT BOOI( Of SCIEIITIFIC I|INDU ASTBOLOOY
Nakshatra Ruler Total yezrrs
l. Krittika, Uttara Phal., Uttarashada Ravi 6
2. Rohini, Hasta, Sravana Chandra lo
5. Mrigasira, Chitra, Dhanishtha Kuja 7
4. Ardra, Svati, Satabhisha Rahu IB
5. Punarvasu, Vishakha, Purvabhadra Curu l6
6. Pushyami, Anuradha, Uttarabhadra Shani l9
7. Ashlesha, Jyeshtha, Revati Budha l7
8. Magha, Mula, Asvini Ketu 7
9. Purva Phalguni, Purvashadha, Shukra 20
Bharani
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Total tio l2O years
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This is called the Vimshottari dasa system ( l2O years
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system). There are other dasa systems, about which we will
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learn later.
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The Panchanga gives the following positions for the
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example we have taken.
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Positions Sign
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Ravi: Uttarashadha 4th Quarter Makara
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Chandra: Sravana 5rd quarter Makara
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Kuja: Chitra 4rth quarter Tula
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Budha: Uttarashadha lst quarter Dhanush
Guru: Ashlesha 2nd quarter Vakri Karka
Shulsa: Jyeshtha 4th quarter Vrishchika
Shani: Pubba 2nd quarter Vakrl Simha
Rahu: Vishakha 5rd quarter Tula
Ketu: Krittika lst quarter Mesha
The nakshatra on that day was Sravana. Counting from
t{rittika it is the twentieth. Dividing this by nine, we get two
as the remainder. The first dasa was that of the Moon.
Next we consider each planet. Note when it enters that
quarter of the nakshatra and when it transits into the next
quarter. Since each quarter is for 5o.2O' note the time
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CASTINO A CITART PANCIIANOA METITOD 129
taken. Then note the time from its entry into that quarter to
the time of birth. Applying the rule of three, we get the
degree and minute of the planet.
We tabulate the extent of each nakshatra starting from
the start of Mesha. Each Nakshatra covers l3o2o'and each
pada 5o.2O',
Ashvini Oo.Ooto l3o.2O'
Bharani l3o.2O' to 260.4O'
l{rittika 260.4O'to 4Oo.O'
Rohini 4 O o . O ' t o5 5 o . 2 O '
Mrigasira 53o.2O'to 660.40'
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Ardra 660.4O'to 8Oo.O'
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Punarvasu 8Oo.O'to 93o.2O'
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Pashyami 95o.2O'to lO60.40'
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Ashlesha l060.40'to l2Oo.O'
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Magha lzDo.O'to l53o.2O'
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?uwa Phalguni l33o.2o'to l460.40
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Uttara Phal. 1 4 6 0 . 4 O ' t ol 6 0 0 . 0 '
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Hasta l600.0' to L73o.2O'
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Chitra 1 7 3 o . 2 O ' t ol 8 6 0 . 4 0 '
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Svati l860.40'to 2OOo.O'
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Vishakha 2OOo.O'to 2l3o.2O'
Anuradha 2l3o.2O' to 2260.4O'
Jyeshtha 2260.4O' to 24Oo.O'
Mula 24Oo.O'to 253o.2O'
Purvashadha 2530.2O'to 2660.4O'
Uttarashadha 2660.4O'to2BOo.O'
Sravana 28Oo.O'to 2950.2O'
Dhanishtha 2930.2O'to5060.4O'
Satabhisha 5060.40' to 32Oo.O'
Purvabhadra 32Oo.O'to 333o.2O'
Uttarabhadra 555o.2O'to 5460.4O'
Revati 3460.4O'to 5600.0'
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,..t.,
r30 TEXT 600I{ Of SCTENTInICruNDU ASTROLOOY
We will next proceed to find out the way to arrive at the
cusp of the tenth house according to the Indian method:
Note the duration of the day at the given day. For our
example the day was for 28 ghatis and the night for 52
ghatis. Multiplying the ghatis by two and dividing it by five
we get eleven hours and twelve minutes as the duration of
the day. The time of the Sunrise (6.55.48) plus half of this,
which is 12.11.48 noon (LMT). The period from noon to
midnight is called Paschan'nata. trrom midnight to midnoon
It is Prag'nata.
When one is born after Sunrise and before noon deduct
the Ishtaghatis from Dinardha (half duration of the day).
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Then we have fourteen ghatis minus gh 10.58. The result is
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gh 3.2. lf the birth is before sunrise add the two. When one
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ls born before sunset, deduct the dinardha from Ishtaghati;
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and if it is after sunset, add the two.
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When the birth is after midnight and before noon, the
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formula thus is: (a) Dinardha minus Janma ghati = Prang
ti
di
nata period; (b) Dinardha plus the time between janma
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ghati and Sunrise = Prang-nata.
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When the birth is between noon and midnight, the for-
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mula is: (a) Janma ghati minus dinardha = Paschan nata'
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(b) Dinardha + the duration between Sunset and Janma
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ghati = Paschan nata.)
Thirty ghatis minus Nata is unnata. In our example
50 - 5.2 - gh 26.58 is unnata.
Note the position of the Sayana Sun at the time of birth'
Nirayana Sun in our examPle is 278o'lo"4 Following
f-ahiri's ayanamsa value 220.44'.43" for that day, we add
this to the niryana Sun' Thus we get the Sayana Sun at
3000.54'.47".
. Reckon the rising periods on the equator. These are:
Mesha, Kanya, Tula and Mina - 279 Vighatis each'
- 299' 166
Vrishabha, Simha, Vrishchika and Kumbha
Vgh. each.
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C!\STINO A CTTABT PANCflANQA METIIOD 131
Mithuna, Karka, Dhanush and Makara - 321.855 Vgh'
each
Note the arc corresPonding to the Nata period from the
Sayana Sun and reckon the rising periods on the equator.
Note the arc in the reverse order corresponding to the Nata
period. Add this to the Sayana Sun if lt is Paschan nata'
Subtract it if it ls Prang-nata. Deduct the ayanamsa to arrive
at the corresponding cusp of the tenth house.
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