INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE AND ITS COMPONENTS
(GUIDE)
COURSE Human Computer Interaction
DEVELOPER Rovell F. Asidera
AND THEIR Mel Johnson Aquino
BACKGROUND Patima Pingol
Christian Jose Santos
Regina Arceo
Gloria Prellejera
Jay Pabustan
James Bryan Roman
Anna Cazandra Delos Reyes
Joshue Manaloto
COURSE Human Computer Interaction (HCI)) - This course intends to teach students
DESCRIPTION to design user interfaces based on the capabilities of computer technology
and the limitations of human factors. The student design the user interfaces
of a system and implement a prototype from a list of informal requirements.
The project is developed over four tutor-marked exercises by a design
process based on current Human-Computer Interaction principles.
COURSE Course Content/Subject Matter
OUTLINE A. The Human and The
Week 1 - 2
Computer
Week 3 -5 B. The Interaction
Week 6 – 8
C. Paradigms
Week 9 D. Midterm Exam
Week 10 – 11 E. Interaction Design
Week 12 – 13 F. HCI in the software process
Week 14 – 15 G. Design Rules
Week 16 – 17 H. Implementation Support
Week 18 I. Final Exam
One week (or an J. Allotted for the Midterm and
equivalent of three the Final Exams
hours)
CHAPTER # 3
TITLE The Interaction
I. RATIONAL Human Computer Interaction focuses on supplying the students with the
E basic concepts of humans’ association with computers.
INSTRUCTION Read and understand the contents of the topics to be discussed in this module.
TO THE USERS You may start using this module upon instruction from your instructor or
align it with the schedule of the course outline. Closure activities and
assignments are provided in this module to test your knowledge and
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understanding of the topics. For synchronous learners, your closure activities
are to be answered during the online discussion, and assignments are to be
submitted online when your instructor tells you to do so. For asynchronous
learners, you are to submit your outputs to the closure
activities, and assignments (answer all), For the evaluation assessment test,
wait for further instructions from your instructor.
PRE-TEST Direction: Read the questions carefully. Write your answers on a separate
paper.
1. Briefly describe four different interaction styles used to
accommodate the dialog between user and computer.
II. LEARNING At the end of the chapter, students are expected to:
OBJECTIV a. The dialog between user and system is influenced by the style
ES of the interface.
III. CONTENT
Experience, engagement and fun
designing experience
physical engagement
managing value
Experience?
• home, entertainment, shopping
– not enough that people can use a system
– they must want to use it!
• psychology of experience
– flow (Csikszentimihalyi)
– balance between anxiety and boredom
• education
– zone of proximal development
– things you can just do with help
• wider ...
– literary analysis, film studies, drama
Designing experience
• real crackers
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– cheap and cheerful!
– bad joke, plastic toy, paper hat
– pull and bang
• virtual crackers
– cheap and cheerful
– bad joke, web toy, cut-out mask
– click and bang
how crackers work
The crackers experience
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Physical design
• many constraints:
– ergonomic – minimum button size
– physical – high-voltage switches are big
– legal and safety – high cooker controls
– context and environment – easy to clean
– aesthetic – must look good
– economic – … and not cost too much!
Design trade-offs
constraints are contradictory … need trade-offs
within categories:
e.g. safety – cooker controls
front panel – safer for adult
rear panel – safer for child
between categories
e.g. ergonomics vs. physical – MiniDisc remote
ergonomics – controls need to be bigger
physical – no room!
solution – multifunction controls & reduced functionality
Fluidity
• do external physical aspects reflect logical effect?
– related to affordance (chap 5)
logical state revealed in physical state?
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e.g. on/off buttons
inverse actions inverse effects?
e.g. arrow buttons, twist controls
inverse actions
• yes/no buttons
– well sort of
– ‘joystick’
• also left side control
spring back controls
• one-shot buttons
• joystick
• some sliders
good – large selection sets
bad – hidden state
a minidisk controller
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Managing value
people use something
ONLY IF
it has perceived value
AND
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value exceeds cost
BUT NOTE
• exceptions (e.g. habit)
• value NOT necessarily personal gain or money
Weighing up value
value
• helps me get my work done
• fun
• good for others
cost
• download time
• money £, $, €
• learning effort
Discounted future
• in economics Net Present Value:
years to wait
– discount by (1+rate)
• in life people heavily discount
– future value and future cost
– hence resistance to learning
– need low barriers
and high perceived present value
example – HCI book search
• value for people who have the book
helps you to look up things
– chapter and page number
• value for those who don’t …
sort of online mini-encyclopaedia
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– full paragraph of context
– … but also says “buy me”!!
Value and organisational design
• coercion
• tell people what to do!
• value = keep your job
• enculturation
• explain corporate values
• establish support (e.g share options)
• emergence
• design process so that
individuals value organisational value
General lesson …
if you want someone to do something …
• make it easy for them!
• understand their values
The interaction extras … more about widgets
Understanding and choosing widgets
widgets - bits that make the GUI
what do they do
what are they good for
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one-by-one – WIMP elements
widgets - bits that make the GUI
what do they do
what are they good for
widgets?
• individual items on a GUI screen ...
– checkboxes, menus, toolbars, buttons etc.
– three aspects:
– appearance - what they look like
– interaction - how they behave
– semantics - what they mean
appearance includes words
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• verbs - action words
– quit, exit, embolden, italicise
• adjectives - description/state words
– bold, italic
• nouns - usually as a form of description
– Times New Roman, US Letter
• beware of mixes …
– embolden + italic !!?!
behaviour … ctd.
• some bits the toolkit does for you
– but is it right?
• some you control
– e.g. drawing, interactions between widgets
• beware timing issues
– e.g. large selections under Windows apps.
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YOU say what it means
• semantics usually up to you
– although widgets may link direct to database
– even then, you say what links
• think separately:
– meaning first - what you want it to do
– then appearance - how you do it
• choose the widget for the job
what do you want?
• actions
– usually menu, buttons, or toolbar
• setting state/options
– usually checkbox, radio button, combi-box
• but …
– menus can be used to set state etc. ...
how many?
• one of several options
– radio buttons, selection menu
• zero, one or more options
– checkbox, multi-choice menu
• free choice
– offer recent/typical shortcuts
– one line text boxes often terrible!
and more ...
• number
– fixed e.g. bold, italic, underline
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– variablee.g. font list
– scolling through telephone list …
• liveness
– grey out inactive options
• dynamic interactions
– some choices dependent on others
IV. SYNTHESI In this chapter, we have looked at the interaction between human and
S/ computer, and, in particular, how we can ensure that the interaction is
GENERALI effective to allow the user to get the required job done. We have seen
ZATION how we can use Norman’s execution– evaluation model, and the
interaction framework that extends it, to analyze the interaction in
terms of how easy or difficult it is for the user to express what he wants
and determine whether it has been done. We have also looked at the
role of ergonomics in interface design, in analyzing the physical
characteristics of the interaction, and we have discussed a number of
interface styles. We have considered how each of these factors can
influence the effectiveness of the interaction. Interactivity is at the
heart of all modern interfaces and is important at many levels.
Interaction between user and computer does not take place in a
vacuum, but is affected by numerous social and organizational factors.
These may be beyond the designer’s control, but awareness of them
can help to limit any negative effects on the interaction.
V. EVALUATI Students are encouraged to conduct a self-check test by doing any of
ON the following:
1. What influence does the social environment in which you work
have on your interaction with the computer? What effect does
the organization (commercial or academic) to which you belong
have on the interaction?
VI. ASSIGNME Direction: Read the questions carefully. Answer it on a separate paper.
NT /
AGREEME
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NT
1. Describe (in words as well as graphically) the interaction
framework introduced in Human-Computer Interaction. Explain
how it can be used to explain problems in the dialogue between
a user and a computer.
REFERENCES Human-Computer Interaction: Fundamentals and Practice, Gerard
Jounghyun Kim,2015,CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group,2015
Human Computer Interaction, I. Scott MacKenzie, Elsevier 2013
Human Computer Interaction, 3rd Edition, Dix, Finlay,Abowd, et.al . Pearson
Education,2004
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