SAINT FRANCIS OF ASSISI COLLEGE
The Relation of Grades 9 and 10 students’ Sleeping Patterns
And their Attendance in Saint Francis of Assisi College
Main Campus
A Qualitative Research
Presented to the Senior High School Department
Saint Francis of Assisi College - Las Piñas Campus
Admiral, Talon III, Las Piñas City
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1
Submitted By:
STEM 11- Benjamin Franklin
Group 3
Macey Abon
Jhemavie Basilio
Mharielon Bernardino
Marimar Calipayan
Jobhel Callueng
Francine Casim
Kristian Abergos
Louie Lajara
Gil Merluza
Dañel Villarosa
CHAPTER I
SAINT FRANCIS OF ASSISI COLLEGE
Introduction
Students of Grade 9 and 10 are experiencing adolescence wherein a lot of
changes takes place, including their sleeping habits. Studies have shown that
adolescent bodies are more likely to wake up late in the morning and sleep later in the
evening (2018, Joe Auer), which means that teenagers will sleep past 10 p.m. and wake
up nearly 11 a.m. . Along with this, classes starts at 7 a.m. that makes it hard for the
students to get enough sleep. According to Paul Jordan; "Instead of naturally falling
asleep when it gets dark, we find ourselves staying up later and later due to the
suppression of melatonin caused by the light. And with big screen TVs finding their way
into our bedrooms, which are essentially big boxes of light, people are falling asleep
much later." this is also one of the causes why the time of the students' sleep is
disturbed and adjusted due to their eyes exposed to radiation that sleep patterns are
interrupted. In this study, we will show how the time of sleep of the students affects their
attendance in school in terms of their tardiness and absences.
Currently here in the Philippines, there are laws about adjusting the starting time
of the class not earlier than 8:30 AM. One of the reasons they stated is that, it is not
only for the students to not be late for their classes, but as well as to prevent them from
having physical and mental health problems. "We must give priority to the physical,
mental, and social well-being of students, among others, through a system of education
which gives primordial interest and concern to the health and safety of students,” said
Congressman Gasataya. Insufficient amount of sleep does not only invoke a student to
be late but also to be absent. A student experiencing health problems, whether mentally
or physically, will most likely be absent from their classes due to tiredness and not
having enough sleep.
A study stated that inadequate sleep is epidemic among teenagers (Ruthann
Richter, 2015). The researchers would like to know if sleep patterns are also prevalent
in grades 9 and 10 students of Saint Francis of Assisi College. This research will seek
information and evidence to show how sleep patterns and attendance are connected to
each other. The students’ insufficient amount of sleep and their attendance will not only
show that it affects each other, it will also reveal the importance of sleep that will help
the students perform well and to participate in school activities without having
difficulties. Knowing about insufficient amount of sleep much further, it may educate the
youth on how to value and manage their time to accomplish such basic needs in order
to function well not only in classes but for the whole day.
Conceptual Framework
- Conduct a
Survey to
the OF ASSISI COLLEGE
SAINT FRANCIS
-Grade 9 & students
Grade 10 about the - Devise a
PROCE OUTP
INPUT
students of relation of seminar
Saint SS
students' aboutUTThe
Francis of sleeping relation of
Assisi patterns to Grade 9
College their and 10
Main attendance students'
Campus in class. sleeping
patterns
- Males and - and how it
Females Interview can affect
the Grade 9 their
- 14 - 16 and Grade attendance.
years old 10 students
Theoretical Framework of SFAC
Main
“Aging accompanied by changesCampus.
in sleep” (Hornung, Danker-Hopfe, & Heuser,
2005). This theory explains that sleep changes are a result of the normal aging process,
many elderly face difficulties in coping with the changes. A survey conducted by the
National Institute on Aging in 1999, revealed that more than 50% of people from 9000
elderly reported at least one persistent sleep problems.
The Sleep patterns of the students to their attendance responds to this theory.
As the students grow, their sleeping habits changes that affect not only their health but
also their performance in their school especially when it comes to attendance. This may
affect the students’ mental or physical health and stir a lack of interest in going to
school that could lead to absences of the student.
In addition, the disturbance in sleeping is related to sleep patterns. Disturbance in
sleeping is also known as sleeping sickness, this emphasizes the disruption of sleeping.
These are commonly acquired by old people ages 65 years and above, however
sleeping patterns. This theory shows how disturbance of sleeping can be the same for
the sleeping patterns as such concepts shows an assessment of students' sufficient
amount of sleep or time and number of hours they sleep that results in an effect to their
physical ,social and mental health.
Scopes and Limitations
SAINT FRANCIS OF ASSISI COLLEGE
● The study will only be conducted and implemented in Saint Francis Of Assisi
College Las Piñas Campus
● The participants are Grade 9 and Grade 10 students of SFAC whose classes
starts at 7 in the morning every school day.
● Grade 9 and Grade 10 that ages 14-16 years old are the ones who are qualified
to proceed with the interview
● The study will be about the sleep patterns and its relationship with their
attendance only
● Attendance will only concern the tardiness and absence of the students.
Statement of the Problem
The purpose of the study is to offer information about different sleep patterns of
grade 9 and 10 students from Saint Francis of Assisi College Main Campus. The Grade
9 and 10 students will be answering the following questions:
Survey:
1. Have you ever been late?
2. How often are you late to go to school?
3. At what time do you usually go to bed?
4. What time do you wake up in the morning to prepare for the day?
5. What are the factors that affects your sleeping pattern?
6. Are you willing to participate in an interview?
7. If your answer in number 6 is yes, please write down your contact number below.
Interview:
1. Do you think you have enough sleep to get by the next day? Why or why not?
2. What do you usually do before going to sleep?
3. Are you aware of your sleep patterns? If so, are there times when you wake up in
the middle of your sleep?
4. If your answer to number 2 is yes, then, how long does it take for you to continue
your sleep?
5. In your opinion, how is your sleep pattern related to your attendance?
6. In terms of your health, what are the effects of having irregular sleeping patterns?
Significance of the Study
SAINT FRANCIS OF ASSISI COLLEGE
Studying the relationship of sleep patterns to the students’ attendance will help,
and not limited to the following;
School Principal - in a way that they’ll be able to understand their students and know
how to deal with it properly. It will be a big help for them since it will be a guide to
monitor and manage the students' misbehavior in terms of tardiness and absences.
Teachers - will benefit in this study in a way that they'll be able to advise their students
about their misbehavior, especially when it comes to the students' tardiness. Teachers
should help their students manage itself and develop good habits.
Students- will be benefiting from this study, as well, in a way that it makes them be
aware about the consequences of not getting enough sleep and managing oneself.
Community- gets to understand the students more and know how to tolerate such habits
of the students. Also, they can help and contribute to the changes of the students' that
they should acquire. If the people in the community helps and join together to help
others, there's no doubt that changes or improvements can easily be seen and
problems can be solved.
Future researchers- this study will be good for the future researchers as a reference for
them to replicate and improve the study even more. This study will also be a good
contributor for others' new focus of study.
Definition of Terms
● Sleep- a naturally recurring state of mind and body, characterized by altered
consciousness, relatively inhibited sensory activity, reduced muscle activity and
inhibition of nearly all voluntary muscles during rapid eye movement sleep, and
reduced interactions with surroundings
● Pattern- an arrangement or sequence regularly found in comparable objects and
a regular and intelligible form or sequence discernible in certain actions or
situations.
● Insufficient- not enough; inadequate
SAINT FRANCIS OF ASSISI COLLEGE
● Relation- the way in which two or more concepts, objects, or people are
connected; a thing's effect on or relevance to another.
● Attendance- the action or state of going regularly to or being present at a place or
event.
● Tardiness- the quality or fact of being late; lateness
● Absences- the state of being away from a place or person.
● Misbehavior- the action of misbehaving; bad behavior.
● Habit- a settled or regular tendency or practice, especially one that is hard to give
up.
● Melatonin- a hormone secreted by the pineal gland which inhibits melanin
formation and is thought to be concerned with regulating the reproductive cycle.
● Student- a person who is studying at a school or college.
● Adolescence- a person who is studying at a school or college.
● Consequences- a result or effect of an action or condition. Importance or
relevance
Objectives of the Study
The researchers, aims to discuss how different sleep patterns of the Grade 9 and
10 students affect their attendance in Saint Francis of Assisi College. The goal is to
provide and satisfy the readers’ questions concerning our topic. This research will
discuss the factors that lead to students not getting enough sleep and acquiring different
habits especially when it comes to sleeping . As well as the problems that they may
encounter because of it.
CHAPTER II
Review of Related Literature and Studies
Studies:
SAINT FRANCIS OF ASSISI COLLEGE
Foreign
● The article of National Sleep Foundation intends to inform its audience about the
time of sleep of the students and school's starting time. They conducted a survey
and concluded that 60% of students are complaining that they are tired of early
starting time of schools and 15% said they fell asleep during class. Based on the
results, the organization then concluded that "teenagers are indeed seriously
sleep deprived". In addition to this, the article stated that the Representative Zoe
Lofgren proposed a congressional resolution that classes should start no earlier
than 8:30 am to reconsider the students health and its effect on their academic
achievements. (Edited)
The proposed resolution was conducted and investigated by the National Sleep
Foundation and found out that the students' improvements in their attendance,
enrollment rates, daytime alertness and the sudden downfall in number of
depressed students reported. The article suggested that students should get at
least 8-10 hours of sleep to avoid complications. In fact, the organization
enumerated advantages for teens when they get enough sleep, such as;
experiencing less depressing moods, reduced likelihood for tardiness, decrease
in absenteeism, reduce risks of metabolic and nutritional deficits associated with
insufficient sleep, including obesity.(Edited)
● In high school, early attendance is a key contributor to insufficient sleep. A study
investigated associations of high school start times with bedtime, wake time, and
time in bed. Adequate sleep in teens has been linked with the success in
academic and improvements in memory, learning, and attention. But insufficient
amount of sleep in teens has also been linked with worsening mood and health
and increasing sports-related injuries, motor vehicle accidents, tardiness and
school dropouts, and daytime sleepiness. (Nicole G. Nahmod et.al., 2017)
(Edited)
● The sleeping pattern we experiences in a 24-hour period directly affects our
physical health, mental health, mood, behavior and performance. Inadequate
sleep lessen the alertness and decreases the focus of the students. Resulting to
a slower critical thinking. A single night of shorter length of sleep may lead to a
decrease in memory encoding, which results in a retention of information. (Zeek,
2015) (Edited)
SAINT FRANCIS OF ASSISI COLLEGE
● A news written by Victoria Knight, January 13, 2017 having a headtitle of "Study
links college students' grades to sleep schedules" it is all about the sleep
patterns and it's relation to health. Staying up late to revise an any examination
may not be doing college students any good. The Regularity of sleep, this study
focuses to the aspect of sleep that people don't think about.
● According to the news, All the attention has been settle up to sleep quantity and
quality which is important also. But what important is sleep doesn't end there.
There are other factors of sleep that is very important, like the sleep timing and
the sleep regularity because it provides a more holistic point of view that includes
all these aspects of sleep health. Another study stated in the news, The Study
can't say irregular sleep certainly causes bad grades but it's very suitable to the
factors that are related.
According to Knutson "It's possible that students who have bad sleep habits also
have other bad habits that are the reasons behind their poor grades" and
Czeisler stated that "Regular sleep and adequate sleep is the best secret to
student success." The study said that there was no dissimilarity in the number of
hours of regular sleepers and irregular sleepers. In addition to that, "The results
of this study are not suggesting everybody has to be a goody-two-shoes. So if
you go to bed at 2 and get up at 9, that's fine. You just have to consistently do
the same thing." ( Czeisler, n.d.)
● If you're going to visit any campus library during the season of exam, you'll see
most of the students are preparing themselves to stay awake all night and are
glued to their books. Most of those students believed that depriving themselves
from sleep is unsatisfactory, but instead they're in the mood to sacrifice sleep and
keep reminding themselves that it's just for a short period of time and soon
getting a sleep for about 12 hours per day after semester.
But research explained to us that sleep is very important in our daily lives.
Students are known for disorganized sleepinh habits. But most of them don't
have knowledge to have a good sleeping routine. Due to the schedule of class
that differ on a daily basis and extra curricular, those students habituate to have
a bad sleep cycles that can seriously affect their academic performance.
(Segaren, 2018)
Local:
SAINT FRANCIS OF ASSISI COLLEGE
● The modern society worsened the sleep crisis because of how it affected the
circadian rhythm of a person. The modern society depicts the longer hours of
work, the over usage of phones, watching late-night television shows and
urbanization. The author also included other factors like the different chronotypes
of each individual, whether they are a day person or a night person. Moreover,
Tan gave some advice on how to avoid sleepless nights. (Tan, 2017)
● Sleep is a physiological process essential to life. Its quality is strongly related to
psychological and physical health and other measures of well-being.[1] Sleep
deprivation and symptoms related to sleep disorders have not only been ignored
but also inadequately understood. Almost one-third of adults report difficulty in
sleep.[2,3] The pattern of sleep and wakefulness in different subjects is known to
vary with their age, the demands of their occupation, their physiological and
psychosocial characteristics, psychiatric illness, and some types of physical
illness.[4] In the last few years, there has been a growing attention to sleep and
sleeplessness-related problems. This interest is mainly due to the recognition
that sleepiness and fatigue are becoming endemic in the population.[5] Sleep
itself is in short supply for young physicians in their formative years because they
stay up late to cram for examinations in medical college followed by prolonged
stints at the hospital.[6] The escalating level of stress on students, as well as the
hectic schedule of interns and residents working at the hospital is affecting their
health and lifestyle. Numerous studies conducted within the past decade have
analyzed the deleterious effects of sleep deprivation on medical house staff in
various medical as well as surgical specialties.[7–10] Hence, this study intends
to explore the effects of sleep patterns on the three classes of medical students-
undergraduate, interns as well as postgraduate of Pravara Institute of Medical
Sciences (Deemed University), Loni, western Maharashtra, India.
● This study is combined with differents studies, written / works by Anne G.
Wheaton, PhD, Daniel P. Chapman, PhD, and Janet B. Croft, PhD.The study is
about the sleeping time of most students and their academic outcomes. One of
the objectives of the study is Increasing the number of students who gets enough
sleep. The study explained different causes in terms of school start time and
even in tersm of biology taht has sometging to do with the time we rise up and
SAINT FRANCIS OF ASSISI COLLEGE
sleep. The study stated that " Changing the school start time is one of the major
endeavor......takes years to accomplish."
●
Literature:
Foreign:
● Adolescence is the transition from childhood to adulthood. It is the transition that
a mature, responsible, and well-educated young adult emerges from this stage.
The practice of taking care of our health will ensure the best possible outcome
during the process of adolescence. Along with physical and mental health.
Adequate sleep will ensure longevity. We are not healthy unless our sleep is
healthy. Unfortunately, having enough sleep is absent. (Edited)
This book reveals the factors that influences the sleep pattern. Present risks that
are associated with lack of sleep, and the effect of factors such as school and
work schedules on sleep. According to Carskadon, adolescents are among the
most sleep deprived people in our society. Sleep pattern in humans came from a
complex interaction of several processes: maturation, physiological phenomena,
intrinsic sleep and circadian mechanism. (Edited)
Behavioral Phenomena
Behavioral or physiological process plays an important role in regulating time of
sleep. Yet, sleeping is still a choice, whether we are to advance or delay bedtime
for personal reasons. Such phenomena include, for example, socializing,
finishing a book or advancing bedtime to wake up early. The rapid changes of
sleep pattern during adolescence contributes to marked alterations in the
behavioural phenomena, affecting sleep. (Edited)
Parents
Carskadon (1979) had conducted a study before, regarding the sleep pattern
from childhood to adolescence. It showed that parents greatly affects the sleep
SAINT FRANCIS OF ASSISI COLLEGE
pattern of their children. As a conclusion, the data indicated that parents are
more likely to set bedtimes for younger adolescents than older adolescents.
(Edited)
Intrinsic Sleep Mechanism
Commonly referred to as sleep homeostatic mechanism, which keeps track of
your need of sleep. It reminds the body to sleep and regulates sleep intensity.
Circadian Timing System
Another factor influencing the patterns of sleep or waking is the circadian timing
system. They control your time of sleep and cause you to be sleepy at night and
your tendency to wake up. (Edited)
As a result, there are different factors that affect the sleep pattern of an
adolescent. Furthermore, drowsy students who lack adequate sleep are more
often absent and tardy at school. However, sleeping on time is still a choice since
we do have different priorities. (Edited)
Carskadon,M. (2010), Adolescent Sleep Patterns: Biological, Social, and
Psychological Influences. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
● A study showed that the factors that influence an adolescent’s sleep patterns are
both biological and behavioral . The changes in the “biological clock” of a person
takes place during adolescence. Teenagers tend to be more alert in the evening
which makes them stay up late and will have a hard time waking up in the
morning. Hence, disrupts their sleep patterns. The book also included the
workshop conducted to indicate the factors affecting teenagers' sleep loss in both
biological and social realms.
The National Research Council and Institute of Medicine, 2000, Sleep Needs,
Patterns and Difficulties of Adolescents: Summary of a Workshop. Washington
D.C. : National Academy Press.
SAINT FRANCIS OF ASSISI COLLEGE
● Laziness is synonymous to tardiness, which implies the poor performance or how
we act slowly and respond to something. There are many factors that affects the
student's performance and laziness in class such as the distance between the
student’s home from school or the school’s location is also considered as the
cause of tardiness, lack of firm and consistent policy can also encourages the
students to come late at school since there are no consequence attached to
lateness or tardiness. But the greatest factor that affects our tardiness, is waking
up late or in short the student's sleeping pattern. If a student sleep at night late,
she/he might forget that on the next day he/she is needed to attend school.
There are many reasons why student's sleep at night late, it may be due to film
watching, overuse of gadgets and social media, or maybe learned from the older
members of the family that also sleep late at night. (Miguel, Coleen 2017)
● "The Different types of sleep patterns- polyphasic, Biphasic and Monophasic" this
article is written by Paul Jordan. The article discusses how sleeping patterns
works that melatonin is one of the causes our time of sleep adjusts. And then,
Types of seeping patterns are identified; Monophasic, Biphasic and Polyphasic.
Monophasic will also be called the normal sleeping pattern, however Biphasic is
where a person sleeps 2 times a day and lastly Polyphasic is having a lot of
times of sleeping a day. The study suggested different ways of having the best
sleeping patterns such as ; "Reducing the number of hours spent asleep per day"
and "Increase the quality of sleep (more time spent at NREM rather than REM)"
and many more. Adjusting you sleeping patterns is not easy to work on, it takes
time and you need progress for it.
●
Local:
● A news article,The Sleep-Deprived Nation, is referring to the Philippines' global
phenomenon about the common health problems of the nation which is the "lack
of sleep". "Filipinos are choosing to sleep less and less, with dangerous effects"
(Bill Velasco,2015)
According to the news, there are scientists at the University of Rochester that
recently found out about what is actually happening during sleep and how the
brain of the human beings function while sleeping. Another study stated in the
news that at an American Academy of Sleep Medicine discovered that there are
SAINT FRANCIS OF ASSISI COLLEGE
growth hormones released in children while they are sleeping, some say it's
released during 10 pm until 2 am or midnight to 6 am.
Effects of sleep deprivation are tackled, one example is the explosion of the
space shuttle Challenger in January of 1986. The National Sleep Foundation in
the United States stated that the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
made a mistake in their judgment because they were awake for 20 hours before
the take off of the shuttle. The incident killed the seven crew members, including
teacher Christa McAuliffe, the first civilian who is about to be sent into space, and
resulted in cancelling the space shuttle program.
● According to the news of Philips, a news center, the Philippines has the highest
rate of sleep deprivation resulting in a 46% Filipinos do not get sleep and 32%
sleep less than 6 hrs. These results are caused by the lifestyle habits people, but
another cause is called 'Obstructive sleep apnea' , this condition affects a
person's sleep cycle , health, academic performance and lowers the person's
energy.
Philips News center raises awareness to be able to treat such conditions. They
collaborated together with the Sleep Society of the Philippines and Centuria
Medical Makati, Philippines to provide solutions for treating (OSA) obstructive
Sleep Apnea. Urasinee Patangsongkram, a country manager of Philips
Philippines Inc. said "Lifestyle habits aside, the incidence of sleep deprivation in
the Philippines is escalating with the misdiagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea.
By educating healthcare professionals at the SleepApnea Forum, we aim to
enhance the diagnosis and treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in the country.
With Philips’ DreamStation and DreamWear solutions, we are confident of
achieving better treatment outcome and enhancing patient adoption by
empowering them to monitor and manage their respiratory condition
independently."
● Soliven (2016) stated that sleep isn't merely a time that our body shuts down.
While the body rests, the mind is still busy and alert. Without having enough
amount of sleep, our body will not function well and will not be able to work,
learn, create, and communicate at a level or even close to your true ability.
Today, they believe that the “quality of our sleep directly affects the quality of our
waking life, including our productivity, emotional balance, creativity, physical
SAINT FRANCIS OF ASSISI COLLEGE
vitality, and even our weight.” Sleep is indeed needed in our every day life for us
to be more productive and to keep our body function well. (Needs work :<)
● According to the Doctors of Philosophy, Anne Wheaton, Daniel Chapman, and
Janet Croft, “Anecdotes of students falling asleep in class and parental
complaints and daily struggles to get their children out of bed to scientific
investigations into the causes and causes and consequences of insufficient
sleep.”
Anxiety may appear anytime. Think of anxiety as a feeling of uneasiness and
apprehension or fear that has vague or unknown source. Anxiety affect students’
performance anxiety at relatively low moderate levels can be destructive and
non-adaptive within the classroom setting are the numerous sources of anxiety
for the students teachers examinations peer relations achievements setting like
or dislike of subjects however there are certain situations in which the students
feel particularly anxious last not in other situations this describe the condition
called situational anxiety there are other individuals however who are almost
always in a state of anxiety called neurotic or trait anxiety (Educational
Psychology pg.21)
Summary of Related Studies
Foreign:
●
Local:
●
Summary of Related Literature
SAINT FRANCIS OF ASSISI COLLEGE
Foreign:
●
Local:
●
CHAPTER III
Research Design:
Research Instrument:
Data Gathering:
