NFORMATTON

TECHNOLOGY
SESSION 1: METHODS OF COMMUNICATION

Communication is a process which involves sharing of information,

opinions, ideas, and beliefs between two or more persons through a
continuous activity of speaking, listening, and understanding
Communication is not only important in our day-to-day life, but it also
plays a significant roie in one's professional career. People use different
forms of communication, such as, written and spoken words, body
gestures, and various other methods, so that the other person
completely understands the message communicated.
In this chapter, we will read about the different methods of communication, their
daily life functions, and their efars

METHOoDS OF COMMUNICATION
The methods
adopted to ocommunicate any information,
Three basic methods are used in opinions, views, thoughts, etc., mainly depend on the sita
the process of
communication. ftuzto
Methods of Communication

Verbal
Non-Verbal
Visual
VEREAL COMMUNICATION
verbal communication is the most
thoughts, feelings, and ideas with
popular means of sharing
information or ideas.
others. Since
linguistic skills is essentiai for effective language is the most
People use words to excnang
verbal important tool of verbal communication, maste
There are two
primary mediums of verbal
communication.
1 Oral communication communication:
2. Written communication

ORAL COMMUNICATION
it is the most
common medium of
being used to convey a communication. It refers to
message. Effective oral spoken words
process and involves both communication is a
done either by speaking and listening. Oral two-way
using mechanical
recorder, or face-to-face devices like communication can be

at business interactions, more formaltelephone, loudspeaker, tape

meetings, classroom ways include
at a
graduation ceremony, etc. lectures, and commencement presentations
Learning speeches given
Camputers wth Kips (8
UNIT 1:COMMUNICATION SKILS
Oral communication is mainly used when one wants to inform
people or influence them to do something. Spokeno
bring personal warmth and friendliness and developa bonding between thesenderand the receiver. However, erecuv
the
oral communication requires attentiveness and
acceptability on the part of the receiver as sometimes recever m
understand the message differently and respond to it in that situation in a different manner. So, it is essential to e

precise and effective while communicating

Public speaking skills need to be developed. The more efforts and practice you put in, the more effective your speecn
become.

FACTORS TO IMPROVE COMMUNICATION SKILLS

To enhance our communication skills, we need to develop some basictraits:
Speech
Speech is the act of delivering a formal oral communication to an intended audience.
Clarity is essential and is needed most while communicating with anyone. For this,
one should use appropriate words, and speak with clear diction and pronunciation.
This would help to draw the attention of the listener.

Vocabulary
Competency of effective communication is judged by the correct usage of vocabulary. If one is not sure of how to use a

word, one should avoid using it. Vocabulary can be improved by reading new words daily. Consult a dictionary to learn

howto pronounce a new word.

Rhythm
Rhythm is the intonation, i.e., primarily a variation in the pitch level of the voice, with
which one speaks. One should maintain a rhythm to express one's attitude and the

different array of emotions such as surprise, happiness, irritation, curiosity, boredom,

importance, mockery, etc.

Tone
Words derive their power from the way they are spoken. The tone of the speaker helps to TONE
create an impact on the listeners. It reflects the attitude and the emotions of the speaker.
Listeners appreciate a cheerful and pleasant tone. Thus, one should always be particularand
use an appropriatetone while speaking8.
8 6 O
Pitch
Pitch refers to the loudness or softness of a speaker's voice. One should always speak
in a clear, slow, and conversational tone in order to be an effective communicator.
However, one should only speak louder while addressing large groups or across large

spaces
TIPS TO IMPROVE ORAL cOMMUNICATION

Read out loud.

Make audio/video recordings of your reading. Take note ofthe areas you need to work on.

Talkto people in a mannerthat shows interest.

speaking.
Take part in activities which involve public

Learning
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 ForBettor arly
rltly
ACTIVIrY ZONE arid t h e n
r e a d ih
sloud
mal
in youI H e

read the
text silertly
eercise
oftan to mpr nprove yur spesi
choice. First, Practice
this
book of your
Read any text from a
record your
voice ifpossible.
time. You may
read ita third

words
WRITTEN cOMMUNICATION

written
communicating
through
means involves 3
Effective writing
communication

Written
reliable than speech.
Writing is
more valid and
words in a
sentence as we
of
correct organisation
careful choice of words,
sentences.
composition of
as the cohesive as it
create

extensively used
for official purposes
is enables
later use. it
communication
Written
evidence and can
be saved for
record of feedback
a permanent
and providing proper
in reviewing the
message
rs to take more time
memos, irculars, questioninaires
e
communication
include letters, reports,
Different forms of written
are also used by
people to conveymessages
like WhatsApp, e-mails, etc.,
These days, messengers
communication
Tips to improve written
Form sentences using
and learn new words.
Expand your vocabulary
these words.

Learn to spell words correctly. Master English spellings using

flashcards.
Written
Read regularly. It gives you an idea of how to use
words appropriately.
Communicafion
appropriate tense and correct
Improve your grammar and use

punctuation.

Always write text keeping your audience in mind.

Verbal communication is further clasified into two types:

INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
This form ofcommunication is extremely private. It is undertaken to reflect upon or appreciate something tna
silent conversations we have with ourselves. We sinmultaneously switch roles between a sender anda r e e
of communication occurs when we consciously appreciate something beautiful, rehearse a mesag
others, or write a diary or a personaljournal.

INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

in this form of communication, inforrmation is

exchanged between two individuals. To communicate efer
tively
individuals involved, interchange
their roles of sender and
receiver repeatedly. t is the most
communication which occurs when you talk with your
friends, family, or relations. it can be categorisED
the number of participants.

Learning
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Dyadic Communication two
face-to-face or
two friends talking
between two people. For
example,
nis type Of communication
takes place
business colleagues using a telephone or an e-mail.
Small Group Communication or
involved in this type
involved. The number of people
more than two people one
t Occurs only when there are case, ony
converse with
the rest. In this
and
communication is small, which allows
each participant to interact
and
are examples
teleconference o
conferences, board meetings,
person speaks at a time, and the others listen. Press
small group communication.

Public Communication
Public speeches are
communication takes place when one individual addresses a large gathering of people.
his type of
an example of this communication.

FUNCTIONS OF VERBAL COMMUNICATION

daily life. It enables

Verbal communication serves various purposes in
our

and so on. For

people symbolically represent objects, ideas, places,
to
down on all fours
example, using the word 'dog' is a lot easier than getting
able to communicate
and acting like a dog. It is hence, imperative to be
the functions of verbal
effectively through verbal communication. Some of
communication are as follows:

Helps us maintain relationships

maintained.
and other symbolic activities that relationships
are developed and
It is through verbal communication

Wheneverwe communicate verbally with another person, a group oran audience, a relationship is initiated.
into meaningful categories
Helps us organise complex ideas and experiences
experiences, we use verbal communication to organise the events into logical categories.
In order to make sense of our
in touch with are labelled with terms like friends, acquaintances, peers, family,
For example, all the people we come

colleagues, and strangers.

Helps us define reality

We use verbal communication to define everything-ideas, emotions, experiences, thoughts, objects, and people.
Verbal communication is how we label and define what we experience in our lives. Imagine you are at a park with a few of
your friends. The day is sunny and beautiful, but later it gets cloudy and begins to rain. Due to the unexpected rain, you
define the day as disappointing and boring. However, one of your friends thinks that it is beautiful. Instead of focusing on
the weather, he might be referring to the fact that he was having a good day by spending quality time with his friends

Helps us think

Without verbal communication, we would not function as thinking beings. We use it to reason, communicate, and

develop our memories through language.

Can be used to reward and punish

We can offer verbal communication in the form of positive reinforcement to praise someone. We can also use it in
critical, aggressive, or hurtful way as a form of negative reinforcement.

Learning
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 NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
in the absence of any
oral or Happiness
Non-verbal communication happens
or oral words,
it depends on
composed words. Instead of written
facial
different non-verbal prompts likebody movements, gestures,
so on to express
expressions, symbols, images, signals charts, and FACIAL
sentiments, attitudes or information. Anger
EXPRESSIONS
words are used, non-verbal communication
can
Although no

numerous human emotions more

accurately than
effectively convey
verbal methods of communication.
classroom
Non-verbal communication is an important aspect of the
and the work place. It shows how you listen, look, and react while interacting with your classmates or e

effective communication, we should always follow the points mentioned below. worte
Use a variety of appropriate facial expressions while communicating with people.

Try to make eye contact while speaking in the classroom, during presentations, discussions,etc as eye
defines confidence and willingness to connect.

Vary your vocal pattern throughout the presentation and avoid a

moderately monotonous vocal range.
Avoid defensive gestures, like holding hands in front of your

chest or putting them behind the back.

Refrain from fidgeting with your hands or clothes.

During a presentation, always stand straight and move around with ease and assurance

Always remember that verbal and non-verbal communications are

not independent of each other. To become an effective

communicator, we need to be in control of both forms of
communication. Tone, body language, and other factors are as
important as spoken words while conveying a message.

Non-verbal communication can be very helpful when we are

operating in a different culture. Even though we might not be well-
versed in the language, we can use our body gestures to support our
expression.

FUNCTIONS OF NON-VERBAL cOMMUNICATION

Some functions of non-verbal communication are as follows:

nod ori
We use non-verbal communication to emphasise on verbal communication. For example, a head
breakt

shake reinstates the verbal message of yes' or 'no'. I fyour mother asks you whether you want to ed

might verbally say 'yes' and at the same time nod your head.
recog

We use non-verbal communication to replace verbal communication using behaviours that are easiyd
steadofa

others such as a wave, a headnod, or a headshake. For example, if someone asks you a question, in
yes', you may choose to nod your head only.

Learning
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 WE USE non-verbal cues to complement or reinforce verbal communication. For example, if a friend tells you Tndt

that's great! I'm so

E O t selected in one
of the premier institutes for further studies, you may exclaim, "Wow,
happy tor youl", all the while smiling and hugging your friend. Here, you are using non-verbal communication

complement what you are saying.

We use non-verbal communication to communicate emotions. For example, it is easy to spot when your friend is

feeling sad. Her drooping shoulders (a body gesture) would be indicative of her emotion.
we use non-verbal communication to give feedback to the other person. During a discussion, if the audience is

indicate
smiling and nodding, it shows that they agree with what the speake is saying. Certain hand gestures may
that the listener wishes to speak. These subtle signals provide transparent information.

Non-verbal practices to follow during an interview

An interview is a crucial part ofthe recruitment process; hence, how we communicate and display our posture during the

interview makes a significant difference.

Let us now look at some effective non-verbal practices we should

keep in mind during an interview.

Maintain eye contact with the interviewerfor a few seconds at a

time.

Smile and nod (at appropriate times) when the interviewer is

talking.
Be polite and keep an even tone to your speech. Don't be too
loud or too quiet.

Do not slouch while sitting.

Relax and lean a little towards the interviewer so that you appear
interested and engaged. Do not lean back.

Keepyourfeet on the floorand your back against the lower back ofthe chair.
Be attentive to whatever the interviewer is saying or asking.

Do not interrupt your interviewer.

Rest an arm on the chairor on your lap to look comfortable.

ACTIVITY zONE For Better Concept Clarity

Show a movie clip of 2 minutes to the class with the sound muted. Give everyone a sheet of paper and a pencil. Ask everyone to
write down the dialogues and the non-verbal cues. Develop all the ideas into a script based on what they thought the
characters were saying, and act it out.

After the enactment, watch the movie clip again with the sound on to see what the real verbal communication was.

Now discuss how verbal and non-verbal communication are different.

Learning
Comp
 AL
seen
that can be
information in forms
ihe conveyance of ideas
and of
communication.
The history
referred to as visual
through the eye is
time when writing was
c o m m u n i c a t i o n can be
traced back toa on
Visual and relied
the language
not invented. People
did not know These
and views.
to express
their thoughts
paintings and images ago.
Visual
than 40,000 years
paintings date back
to m o r e
existence
has beena vital part mankind's
of
communication, hence,
and expression. information as the human mind Dro
is the most
effective way of passing
meaningful
processes imae
by using visial .
Visual
aids suhe
communication
efective and more
communication can be made
quickly. Therefore, verbal typography,
screen-based media,
aps, chant,
posters, books,
graphic designs, graphs, diagrams, films,
handouts, quirky GIFs, etc.
on tying excellent
knots, bringing a rope along Couddbe ap t

giving a talk to campers

dsto. e
For example, if a speaker is skeleton system are essential visual aide
models of the solar system and
Visual aid. For facilitators in school,
to comprehend
the concepts thoroughly,
en a Fvc
These models would enable the students
concept clearly.
presented using visual aids. For example. sunl
person can easily understand the information that is being
a message.
ymbols,
traffic management are an important visual aid to convey
process, but it can be useful if utilised properiv
can be a time-consuming
However, the creation of visual aids
A PRESENTATION
POINTS TO cONSIDER WHILE PREPARING
in mind:
When you have to prepare a presentation, always keep the following points

Make sure that your content is suitable for visual presentation.

All fonts should belegible and appropriate for the

communication style. CREATIVE
Use callouts in moderation to highlight vital
information. PROCESS
RESEARCH
Present content in a way that follows a logical hierarchy. DESIG
INSPIRATION

is present BRAN
Keep significant negative space. When too much information VISION
&IDEAS STOR
in a layout, messaging becomes cluttered and incoherent. THINKING
illustrations should match the topic under discussion. Icons should be

simple, easy to understand and universal. Remember, they are meant to

enhance comprehension and not distract the audience.
Don't overwhelm the audience with multiple graphs of a single u

one combined graph may suffice.

Be smart while selecting appropriate visual devices. Alwayssele
theaud

that will compliment your content and will be appreciated Dy ustraton

Avoid unnecessary design, including 3D charts, ornamentali

inappropriate external elements.
y o u rp r e s e n a

Use colours sparingly to highlight important information. Try and avoid bright or dull colours in your
Make your presentation stand out, not stand apart. ting
cio

Communication helps people to know each other better. It helps in removing misunderstanding and cre.
onal-e

thought. Communication in any form-written, oral, formal, informal, visual, interpersonal, intraperse
educating people and connecting them better.

Learning 14
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 ACTIVITY zONE For Better Concept Clarity

a campaign on
social awareness on

to different visual aids and prepare

DIvide the class into four groups. Ask each group
use
1
any one issue.
+Education to the marginalised
Women empowerment
Air pollution
Global warming Make a list of the
various
explain a concept.
communication to
different forms of table.
classroom, a facilitator the facilitator in the given
uses
2In a
communication used by
non-verbal and visual
advantages and disadvantages of verbal,
Disadvantages
Advantages
Form of Communication

Verbal Communication

Non-Verbal Communication

Visual Communication

c o m m u n i c a t i o n - V e r b a l

the process of
methods are used in
Three basic Communication.
and Visual
Recap Communication,
Non-Verbal

thoughts,
Communication,

feelings, and
ideas with others.
words to exchange
refers to using
communication.

communication and Written

communication
Verbal c o m m u n i c a t i o n - O r a l

There are two primary

mediums of verbal types-Intrapersonal
communication and Interpersonal

classified into
two
communication is further
Verbal
rhythm, tone, and
pitch.
speech, vocabulary,
communication.
communication are
oral
that enhance
Some ofthe factors communicating
through
written words.
ideas and
communication
means
define reality, and
organise complex
Written
maintain relationships,
us to think,
communication helps
Verbal
categories.
into meaningful words.
or composed
experiences absence of any oral facial
happens in
the gestures,
Non-verbal
communication

non-verbal prompts like body movements,

different information.
depends on or
communication sentiments, attitudes,
Non-verbal and so on to express
signals charts,
communicate
communication,
symbols, images, complement
verbal
expressions, replace, or
communication
to emphasise,
non-verbal
We use other person. visual
to the is referred to as
through the eye
feedback

emotions,
and to give torms that can be seen

information in

conveyance
of ideas and
The
c o m m u n i c a t i o n .

effective using
visual aids.
c o m m u n i c a t i o n
can be made
Verbal
Learning Kips 15
 ASSESSMENT TIME

A. Multiple Choice Questions:

1 Which of the following is not a form of non-verbal communication?

a. Facial expressions c. Spoken words d. Eye contact

b. Hand gestures

Which form of communication is extremely private

a. Intrapersonal b. Interpersonal c. Small group d. Public communicat
3. Which of the following brings personal warmth and friendliness between the sender and re
nication
a. Written communication c. Visual communication iver?
b. Oral communication d. None of these

4. Which of the following functions of verbal communication is incorrect?

a. Verbal communication helps us define reality.

b. Verbal communication hinders maintenance of relationships.

C. Verbal communication can be used to reward and punish.

d. Verbal communication helps to organise complex ideas and experiences into meaningful cate ories.
5. Any communication that conveys a message consisting ofspoken words is called.
************************** ...
********

a. Visual communication c. Written communication

b. Oral communication d. Non-verbal communication
6. A smile and a nod is an
example of. ************************"*******************" '

a. Verbal communication c. Non-verbal communication

b. Oral communication d. Written communication
B. Fill in the Blanks:

in. ******************
communication, information is exchanged between two individuals.
The conveyance of ideas and information in forms that
be through the eye is
*********
Communication.
can seen
refered
3. Press conferences, board meetings, and teleconference are examples of *************************************

communication.

-*******.******
communication happens in the absence of any oral or composed words.
communication enables people to
etc.
an** o*evan**g noa.*-**.
symbolically represent objects, ideas,
pa
6. is the loudness and softness of
speaker's voice.
****************
a

ANSWERS
A. Multiple Choice Questions
1.c 2. a 3. b 4. b 5. b 6. C
B. Fill in the Blanks
1. Interpersonal 2. Visual 3. Small Group 4. Non-Verbal 5. Verbal 6. Pitch

Learning
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C. Answer the Following Questions-(SOLVED)
1 What is oral communication?
a message. An
effective oral communicduo
Ans: Oral communication refers to spoken words being used to convey
is a two-way process and involves both speaking and listening.

Define intrapersonal communication.

witn
conversations we have
is private. It includes the silent
AnS: 1ntrapersonal communication extremely
Ourselves. We simultaneously switch roles between a sender anda receiver.

3. Suggest some tips to improve written communication.

Ans: To improve written communication, we should do the following:

a. Expand your vocabulary and learn new words.

b. Learn to spell words correctly.

c. Read regularly to get an idea of how to use words appropriately.
d. Improve your grammar and use appropriate tense and correct punctuation.

e. Always write text keeping your audience in mind.

Write any two functions of verbal communication.

Ans: Two functions of verbal communication:

are developed and
a. It is through verbal communication and other symbolic activities that relationships
audience, a
a group or an
maintained. Whenever we communicate verbally with another person,

relationship is initiated.

thinking beings. We use it to reason,

not function as
b. Without verbal communication, we would
communicate, and develop our memories through language.

Define interpersonal communication.

individuals. To communicate
information is exchanged between two
Ans: In this form of communication,
their roles of sender and receiver repeatedly.
effectively, the two individuals involved, interchange
for official purposes?
. Why is written communication used
used purposes as it creates a permanent
for official
record of evidence
Ans: Written communication is extensively
enables receivers to take more time in reviewing
the message and providing
and can be saved for later use. It
proper feedback.

D. Answer the Following Questions-(UNSOLVED)

non-verbal communication.
verbal communication and
1. Compare and contrast
non-verbal communication through examples.
2. Explain some functions of
enhance our oral communication skills.
3 List some factors that
skills?
How can we enhance our communication
4
of communication?
How can we say that
visual content is an effective form
5.
in mind while preparing a presentation.
6. List any five points that should be kept
communication'. Justify.
"Non-verbal cues complement verbal
7.

Learning
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E. Application Based Questions-(UNSOLVED)
Aaryan is speaking for the first time in a seminar. Give some tips which he should follow while
audience. Also
addressina the
h.
suggest how he can use body language to complement his speech.
2. Anika is preparing for her internship interview. Help her prepare a list of effective non-verbal practices thar
she should keep in mind during her interview.
3. lapsee has to present the annual financial report in her office. Suggest some of the things that sheshoul
keep in mind while preparing the presentation.
4. Riya did not score well in the creative writing section of her English paper. There were a lot of mistakes related
to vocabulary and writing style. What should she do to improve her written communication? Suggest some
tips.

1.
ACTIVITY ZONE For Better Concept Clarity
With the help of visuals, prepare an appropriate PowerPoint presentation on the topic "Verbal and Non
1.
verbal Communication'.
Divide the class into two groups. Instruct one group to make a drawing with a social message on the board.
2.
Instruct the other group to interpret what the drawing means. Following the same method, each group has
work.
to draw and interpret the other group's

GROUP DISCUSSION
and conduct a group discussion on the topic, 'Role
Divide the class into two groups
c o m m u n i c a t i o n in o u r daily
life'.
of visual
 SESSION 2: COMMUNICATION CYCLE

In the previous chapter, you have learnt about communication and its types and how it plays a significant role in one's

professional career. In this chapter, you will read about the Communication cycle and its importance.
As you know, communication is a process of sharing information between two or more people through an exchange of
thoughts, messages, using the medium of speech, visuals, symbols, writing, or behaviour. Thus, the communication
process enlists the steps we take to comprehend each other properly.

In the communication process, one person is a sender who conveys a message to

Formulate
Communication
another person (or a group of persons) known as the receiver. When the receiver Cycle
Send
gets the message, he acknowledges it and sends back a response. This leads to a
cyclic process known as a Communication cycle. The cycle describes how an
Receive
Decode understand)
idea, impression, or feeling is made known to others. A communication cycle
Formulate
includes resources such as e-mail threads, social media outlets, VolP message
Respond
outlets, etc. The effectiveness of a communication cycle depends on how long it
takes for the feedback to be received by the initial sender. The quicker the response, the more effective is the cycle.

Your teacher asks you to read an unseen passage carefully and then answer the questions that follow. You do

exactly the same as instructed by your teacher, and all your answers are correct. However, if you do not follow your
teacher's instructions and immediately start solving the questions before reading the passage, you might take a lot
Example oftime in doing the exercise, and your answers might not be up to the mark.

Thus, we can say that effective communication is one where the intended message is successfully delivered, received,
and understood.

PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION

The main principles of effective communication are as follows:

MESSAGGE
Simple language: The language used in communication should be
simple. It should be understandable by both the sender and the
receiver.

Definite: The communication should be definite, i.e., its aim should R

be clear in the mind ofthe sender.
Complete and Concise: The information provided in the
communication should be complete and to the point.

Appropriate medium: A proper medium of communication should be SENDER FEEDBAC RECEIVER

used, taking several factors into account such as timing, the distance
between the sender and the receiver, and the nature of the interaction.

Authentic: Information given should be factual, ie., it should not be misleading or false.

Courteous: The sender should be polite and courteous while communicating. It helps in building a healthy relationship.

Learning
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 CYCLE
COMMUNICATION
ELEMENTS OFA communication cycle.

elements
ofthe
various
discuss the
further, let
us Feed
Before proceeding
same
Message
(Receiver)
Message
Perceived
Message com

Message
Sent using Decoded of co
(Sender) a Channel
Coded
Ideas
Generate

Feedback
Fee
inte

hou
ana s e n d s it to the receiver
er.
or message
opinion, idea, Fe
Sender: A sender is the person
who expresses his
an
wishes to convey.
the information that the sender
Message: Message refers to fee
the message, i.e.,
bken
using spoke or written
Encoding: It refers to how thesender
wishes to
communicate

anguage,
or body language.
and sentto others.
has to be carried
Channel: It is a medium through which the message
is intended.
Receiver:A receiver is the person for whom the message

Decoding: It refers to how the receiver interprets the message

and transiates it into thoughts, depend.

circumstances and understanding.

Feedback: It is the response that a receiver gives after the message is received and understood by him,.

DEFINING FEEDBACK
Feedback is an essential factor in the process ofthe communication cycle. It is the response or reaction of
the rerekio.
the sender after perceiving or understanding the message. Here, the receiver becomes the sender
and vice versa
sa. ter
gaining the receiver's response, the sender takes further actions, thereby completing the communication
cycle.

The monitor of your class has been

instructed by the teacher to explain the rules of
sitting in the library. She
explains each rule one by one. You all listen to her carefully and follow the
rules. As a result, the class gets the
reward of being the most
Example disciplined classin school. The recognition reveals the
impact of the feedback.

Based on the feedback from the

receiver, the sender can evaluate the
this with the help of an effectiveness of the message. Let us understand
example.

Your teacher guides

you about the place to keep your skates in the
listen carefully and keep it classroom after the activity gets over. You
carelessly in between the passage. As a a
reveals that communication was result, one of your classmates hurts
would have kept the skates at
not effective.
If you had carefully paid attentionto your teacher's
himse
Example the designated instructio
place, and your classmate would have
been saved from injury.

Learning
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 communication in the
Feedback can be Positive feedback indicates that the sender can continue his
positive or negative.
in the mode of
same manner as before. Negative feedback, on the other hand, suggests a need for change
communication. If the receiver gives appropriate feedback to the sender, the sender can modify or remodel his strategy

of communication. If no feedback is given, it indicates agreement or reluctance in accepting ideas.

|IMPORTANCE OF FEEDBACK
Feedback is required to continue the process of active communication. It can be effective only when it is heard,
them to know
interpreted, and accepted. It determines the way forward. Feedback helps people to get on track. It guides
how others perceive their performance.
Feedback is a vital part of effective learning as it gives clear guidance to the students on how to improve their knowledge
on the
and performance. It can enhance a student's confidence, selfavwareness, and enthusiasm for learning. Depending
feedback, one can take the right action for the next step.

Be linked to the work the

Be linked to the learning
student is doing and not
intention and success
measured against other
criteria
student's progress

Effective feedback
must...

Be delivered in accessible
Include specific areas of
ways and at an appropriate
improvement and provide
time so that the students
next steps for the students are able to act upon it

Let us understand the importance offeedback with the help of an example.

During a clay modeling period,the teacher was giving feedback on the performance of students. Rohan, one of th

students, was disheartened as he could not make a model of an aeroplane even after it was demonstrated to him
4-5times. The teacher observed him and figured outthe problem. She said,"Rohan,you can do it. It'sjustthatyo
need to do it carefully with a focused mind. I have full confidence in you. Try again "
Example

Result: Wwith such positive feedback from the teacher, Rohan experienced a surge in his confidence. He did well thisi
Everybody clapped loudly as his efforts were laudable.
Feedback is important in the following ways:
Basis of Problem-Solving: When the receiver gets a message, it is up to him to agree with the sender or not.
receiver disagrees with the sender, it can cause a problem. In this case, the feedback can help the sender just
the behaviour of the receiver and take the
response of the receiver. It enables the sender to interpret
ne»

accordingly. Hence, it serves as the basis of problem-solving.

Effective Listening: Feedback results into effective listening. When feedback is given, the sender becomes cau
the message sent by him. Here-analyses his message and correlates it with the feedback. This enables him to und
 pertorm
and to
m o t v a t i m
to study do
Can Motivate: Studernts nee time can
8Iven at the right be
the given task well. Right feetback that
needs to

show therm ght path

wonders for them. It can
towards their
desired goal.
followed to lead them everybody
is what
Good pertormar need to
Can prove Performance:
For that, you
new heights
strives for. It can take you to Good
feedback
worries.
shorteoming8s, and
overcome your fears. with
accomplish
yourgoals
fears anda
enables you to overcome our
courage and determination. Learning
is a n ongoing process
ess. Proper i
learning.
Feedback plays a vitalrole in helps you It to
TOr Continued Learning:
you to remain aligned
toO
your goals. focus
distracted and pushes world ofopportunities.
prevents you from getting
a new
which in turn, opens
P V e m e n t areas and
learn continuously,

DESCRIPTIVE FEEDBACK comments or verbal conversationsthsat

Descriptive feedback includesspecific
information in the form ofwritten
order to improve.
learner understand what he needs to do in
Feedback is the most powerful tool for in.

ACcording to Black, Harrison, Lee & Wiliam (2003), "Descriptive

students' learning."
In other words, it enables students to learn about their
current achievement along with the weaknesses whichns
be improved. It includes suggestions to help them achieve their objectives. It also provides a direction for the stuts
identify the steps taken to fulfil theirgoals. However, it does not include grades, marks, or coded symbols.

BENEFITS OF DESCRIPTIVE FEEDBACK

Descriptive Feedback should be focused on how well the task has been accomplished along with providing sugges.
to improve further. It offers the following benefits:

Provides useful information to students about their learning.

Fills the gap between their present level of performance and the
learning goal.
Enables the students to self-assess and set their goals
accordingly.
When the students get informative feedback about their
work, they
get a chance to analyse how they have
performed, which conceots
they have understood clearly, and which concepts need
Thev can make an outine of the areas
which need
improvement. Feedback
proceed further with more clarity. improvement and
FACTORS ESSENTIALTOGIVING DESCRIPTIVE FEEDBACK
The following points should be taken into
consideration to make
Goal-Oriented: Feedback should be given keeping the
nted: Feedback shoul
descriptive feedback
learning in mind, as effective:
learning objective. Many a ttime,
ive. Many aim of
students are unaware
of the
learning aim. They students work towards
and how they are going to achieve it.
wards achieving
Actionable: w dents have acne
should know what
their experi knowledge but do not
be put to use
their learnus
by giving know where to
Learning
woPe
them specific directign apply it, they lose into
User-Friendly: The feedback should be given in an easy to understand Evauate Self-discovery
perfornance Discover Assisted-discovery
language so that students can comprehend what they are supposed to do improvement
issues

to achieve the learning aim. Otherwise, the feedback provided to them

will prove to be worthless. Effective
Timely: The students should receive the feedback on time, i.e., when it is feedback Analyse
still possible for them to put it to use. The feedback needs to be given to Commit to
ction
cycle causes and
consequences

them when they are still striving for their goal, not when they have
already
achieved it. crete
opdons ad
solutions
Continuous: Feedback should be given continuously, along with
instructions. This enables the students to remain focused on their goal.
Consistent: The students should be given a consistent feedback. Otherwise, they wil not be able to rely on it, and in turn,
will not be ableto followit.
It is the quality of the feedback that determines its effectiveness, rather than its existence or absence. Feedback must be
task-oriented that allows the students to refine their skills, re-engage in their learning, and concentrate on their goal. It
must channelise their energy in the right direction so that they can self-monitor. This will enable them to proceed
towards their goal with minimum supervision.

SPECIFIC AND NON-SPECIFIC FEEDBACK

Feedback can be specific and non-specific, depending on the information being conveyed through it.

SPECIFIC FEEDBACK
Specific feedback provides detailed information about something particular, relating to a task or the individual's
performance. It is beneficial as it gives the receiver something substantial to think about and work on the areas which
need improvement.
For example, "It was impressive that you started with a question to hook the listeners. I
like it"
RESFONSE
Note that here this tactic can be replicated while narrating the stories in future to leave a
DEA
lasting impression on the listeners' mind. It provides guideline for the future.

NON-SPECIFIC FEEDBACK FEEDBACK)

DA
AVOE
Non-specific feedback, in general, givesa vague response to the receiver. It may not be of CUNENT

much help, as it does not guide the receiver properly to achieve the desired goal. It gives ANS

the impression that the sender has not given a thoughtful response.

For example, "Greatjob!"

The issue with the above remark is that it is not specific. It does not indicate what went right that led to success. It alsc
does not provide any detail about how to repeat this success story with future projects.

Need for Specific Feedback

Specificfeedback can be highly constructive. It might prove to be beneficial to the receiver. It makes the receiver awaree
the specific details that need to be focused on to improve one's work and performance. It, hence, resuts in effecti
communication.

Most people, however, do not give feedback in order to avoid a defensive reaction. Feedback is of vital importance if y
wish to see the other person improve. lfeedback is given with the right intention, t can bring a remarkable change in
attitude or performance of a person. Ensure that your feedback is specific so that it is accepted and appreciated by othe

Learning
ComputerswithKIPsE
 intolll.
sharing

of inform-

Communication is a
p r o c e s s

m e s s a g e s ,
and
on, using th
thoughts,

of b e h a v i o u r .

Recap
exchange
or
an writing,
through
symbols,
visuals, is m a d e
de known to othe:
speech, feeling
or
i m p r e s s i o n ,

idea, a ndd understoo by

howan
received

is
Communication cycle
describes
after
the
message
him,
ctiveness
the effect of the
message.
r e c e i v e r g i v e s

Feedback is the response that a sender

can
evaluate

the
receiver, can be effective
Based o n the feedback
from the

the process
of active
c o m m u n i c a t i o n .
It
only whenit
continue
reedback is required to

interpreted, and accepted. of w r i t t e n

c o m m e n t s or verk.
al conversa
the form
information in
includes specific
Descriptive feedback to improve.
do in order
what he needs to
p the
learnerunderstand to refine
their skills, re-engage in
n their leane
that allows the students
Feedback must be task-oriented

concentrate on their goal.

information about
something particular, relating to a ask or the
tact
Specific feedback provides detailed in
performance.
the receiver.
Non-specific feedbackgives a vague response to

ASSESSMENT TIME
A. Multiple Choice Questions:
1.
******************************************************************** is a process
a. Description
of sharing information between two
or more
b. Communication
C. Transition
people
When a receiver gets a d. None of these
message, he sends back a .

a. Card ******************** * *****.*

b. Mobile **********************************
3. The ********** *************'************'**************************** c. Response
the d. All of these
a. Slower response, the more
b.Quicker effective is the
4. The
information provided in C. Clear communication cyu
the communication d. Vague
a. Incomplete
b. Neat
should be.
5. Which of
the following should be c. Complete
*************°***********************' *****************
and tothep
a. Timing taken into d. All of these
account while
b.
Distance between the choosinga medium of
sender and the c.
Nature of the communicau im of communication

Learning receiver d. All of interaction

Computers with Kips (24 these
 6. While communicating, the sender should be . **************'********'********

a. Rude b. Unruly c. Polite d. None of these

7. refers to the information that the sender wishes to convey.

**********************************************************************|

a. Sender b. Receiver c. Mediator d. Message

*********** r feedback suggests a need for change in the mode of communication.

a. Positive b. Negative c. Mechanical d. None of these

9 Feedback results into effective. ************************************** *****"*** ***********""***"*"

a. Listening b. Reading c. Shouting d. Writing

10. Descriptive feedback includes. in the form of written comments or verbal conversations.

a. General guidance b. Specific information C. General rules d. None of these

B. Fill in the Blanks:

1. The process enlists the steps we take to comprehend each other properly.

2 The ************
***********************
. o f a communication cycle depends on how long it takes for feedback to be
received by the initial sender.

3. Right feedback given at the righttime can lead the students towards their ****
************* *** *

4. ******************
***************** feedback does not include grades, marks, or coded symbols.
for the students to identify the steps taken to
5. Descriptive feedback providesa. ****************** **********************

fulfill their goals.

6. ************************ **********
.refers to how the receiver interprets the message and translates it into thoughts.

7. feedback gives a vague response to the receiver.

******os***************************************************

8. ************************* ********
.Can help the sender justify the response of the receiver.

9. . ***************
..refers to how the sender wishes to communicate the message.
***************************

10. ***************
***
feedback provides detailed information relating to a task or the individual's

performance.

C. State True or False:

1. A communication cycle does not include social media outlets.

2 Decoding refers to how the receiver interprets the message, depending on his circumstances and
understanding.
3. If no feedback is given, it indicates agreement or reluctance in accepting ideas.

4. A receiver is the person for whom the message is intended.

5. Feedback can enhance a student's confidence, self-awareness, and enthusiasm for learning.

6. Learning is not a continuous process.

7. Descriptive feedback fills the gap between the present level of performance and the learning goal.

8. Feedback to the students should only be given after the task is over.

9. The feedback should be given in an easy to understand language.

10. Specific feedback results in effective communication.

D. Answer in One Word: receiver?

to the
response ***** ********"******* **"*******es*s.
+o to*********************"*******""*************** ******
vague
Which feedback gives a ****"*s
********

oals accordingly
* ************

******** *ewsitosos******* ********

and settheir
goa
self-assess

students to
ch feedback enablesthe *********** ************************"************** *******.
s * ***************************1 4 ********'*********".

*** *****
**************

others
"************************"************

carried ana
sent to
has to be
a message
3. dme the medium throuah which
**************
s.asseee

*
***********************************
********* *****.
***

************************"*******

****.***
and sende i t .
his opinion,
idea ormessage,
4 Whato you call a person who
expresses

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ° * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * **
* ****
********************"********
*s********
************************ees4
** *************sea,

****************"
receiver
two or more people.
Mention the process of sharina information between
* * s * s * * * * * * * * * * * * **************"**************"******************************
.. s e***********************************************
************ re** mmu**ns *****
****

************"
6. What do you call a person for whom the message isintended
..**e ************ *a***********************
*************** ********** ***************** *****"****** ...
...
****"************m .

Which feedback provides detailed information about something

particular, relating to a ta.
performance? an ingdi
**********
**************** ********** *** ****** ********************************** * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * **
****
** *
*******************************

********
8. What is the information known as that a sender wishes to
convey?
*******************************ossenes** s *** *************** s****************** ***************
********************************************************** ****************************************************************************************se*ne*.
* ..
. ****""******""********tas
9 Which feedback indicates that the sender
can continue his communication in the same
*****************************"s************e manner as ha
*ssoa *******n **t0
fore
10. Which
feedback suggests a need for ************************************************ .
change in the mode of
communication?
****************************************** **************************************e****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************msgp

ANSWERS
1.b 2.c A.
3.b 4.c
Multiple Choice Questions
5.d
6.c
1. Communication 7.d
2. Effectiveness B. Fill in the 8.b 9.a
6. Decoding Blanks 10.b
7. Non-specific 3.Desired goal
4. Descriptive feedback
1.F 8.Feedback 5. Direction
2.T 3.F
4.T
C. State
True or False:
9.Encoding 10. Specific
5.T
6.F
1.
Non-specific Feedback 7.T
6. Receiver 2.Descriptive Feedback D. Answer in One
Word
8.F 9.T 10.T
7.Specificfeedback 3.Channel
E.
8.Message 4. Sender
5. Communication
Answerthe Following Questions-(soLVED) 9. Positive feedback
10. Negative feedback
1. Define Communication

Ans:
Communication is ocess of a
thoughts, messages, proce
USing the sharing
medium of information
speech, between two
earning
omputers with Kips (26>
visuals, symbols, orwritinn
more
or
through an exchan
 2 Write the principles of effective communication.

Ans: The main principles of effective communication are as follows:

a. Simple Language should be used.

b. Communication should be definite and clear

C. Complete and concise information must be provided.

d. Appropriate medium should be used.

e. Authentic information should be provided.

f.Sendermust be polite and courteous.

3. Discuss the elements of a communication cycle.

Ans: The elements ofacommunication cycle are asfollows:

Sender: A sender is the person who expresses his opinion, idea or message and sends it to the receiver

Message: Message refers to the information that the sender wishes to convey.

spoken or written
Encoding: 1t refers to how the sender wishes to communicate the message, i.e., using
language, signs or body language.
Channel: It is a medium through which the message has to be carried and sent to others.

Receiver: A receiver is the person for whom the message is intended.

on
and translates it into thoughts, depending
Decoding: It refers to how the receiver interprets the message
his circumstances and understanding.

Feedback: It is the response that a receiver gives after the message

is received and understood by him.

4. What is meant by feedback?

or reaction of the
Ans: Feedback is an essential factor in the process of the communication cycle. It is the response
becomes the sender
the message. Here, the receiver
receiver to the sender after perceiving or understanding
the sender takes further actions, thereby completing
and vice versa. After gaining the receiver's response,
the communication cycle.

5. Why is feedback needed?

It can be effective only when it is
Ans: Feedback is required to continue the process ofactive communication.
It determines the way forward.
heard, interpreted, and accepted.
What is descriptive feedback?
.

information in the form of written comments or verbal conversations

Ans: Descriptive feedback includes specific
needs to do in order to improve.
that helpthe learner understand what he

feedback?
What are the benefits of descriptive
followsS:
of descriptive feedback are
as
Ans: The benefits

information to students about

their learning.
a. It provides useful

their present level of performance

and the learning goal.
b. It fills the gap between

self-assess and set their goals accordingly.

C. It enables the students to
 SESSION 3: COMMUNICATION BARRIERS

In the previous chapters, you have read about the importance of

communication in our daily lives and the different methods we use to
communicate. In this chapter, we will discuss about the barriers which hinder
communication.
A communication barrier is an obstacle that prevents the receiver from
receiving and understanding the message that has been sent by a sender. If a
message is not understood clearly, it may lead to communication gaps, causing
confusion and misunderstanding.
it is therefore essential that the communicator seeks feedback to check that the message was clearly understood. These
barriers may be internal barriers (related to your thoughts and feelings) or external barriers.

TYPES OF COMMUNICATION BARRIERS

There are many barriers that hinder our ability to communicate. We will now learn about each type of barrier and the

various factors causing them.

BARRIERS RELATED TO THE FORMATION OF MESSAGE

These barriers occur due to problems in the composition or formation of the message itself. Multiple factors cause the
barriers like lengthy messages, language problems, intonation issues, or the non-verbal communication used.
example, if you are watching a Hollywood movie, the actors speak English in an American accent, and sometimes
may not be able to understand what they are saying. These types of problems are related to the messagethatis
conveyed.

Lengthy or complicated messages

Sometimes the vocabulary used in a conversation is too dificuit and complicated to understand or a sentence mav
long for one to perceive its meaning. This factor can cause a communication barrier.

Linguistic issues

The interferences which occur due to accent, speech disorders, or symbols

having mutiple, and often completely different meanings, can affect the
communication process. Additionally, the lack of proficiency in the language
affects the interpretation of the message aswell.These issues are also known as
semantic issues.

Inconsistent tone or non-verbal communication

You have read earlier that communication is both verbal and non-verbal. If the body language or to
communicating is not correct,it willreate barriers. In verbal or oral communication, our tone, pitch, pac
contact, posture, facial expression, etc., enhance communication if applied well.They can also distort c-
not matched with the message. A simple message of Congratulations' can be communicated honest

depending on the facial expressions or tone ofthevoice.

Learning
Compute
s how the NFORMATION

TECHNOLOGY

SESSION 1: STRESS MANAGEMENT AND ITS TECHNIQUES

let us first understand what causes stress.

discuss stress management,
Refore we
unmet expectations, failures, fear, and anticipation of loss. The endless
anxiety,
i e is a chain of events marked by pain, from the society, or bitter past experiences create a
reed for materialistic
pleasures, achieving our goals, pressure
8ree
state of emotional disturbance widely known as 'Stress'.
in our lives. All this leads to a
chaotic atmosphere
of all age groups-adolescents, youth, and the elderly. It often leads
Stres can be
viewed as a disease that afflicts people
that give rise to various ailments such as headache, nausea,
loneliness, and antisocial mannerisms,
addiction,
to
and heart-related problems.
degeneration of cognitive abilities,
reaction to any external stimuli that triggers changes in one's personality. Stress causing agents
Stress can be defined as
a

external.
are known as stressors, which can be self-induced or

Some factors that can contribute to

stress are:

elements Threat

ld follow m Dangerous situations

Irrational demands

Societal or peer pressure

Unrealistic goals

Expectations
Bad experiences

Financial loss
Discrimination
stress in order to live a healthy life. One
Every person goes through a phase. There is, hence, a need to manage
stressful
mental
effect on the physical, emotional, behavioural, or
needs to identify the stressors that directly have an adverse
health of a human being.
us to accomplish great things.
can sometimes be useful and help
oress does not always have a negative impact on us. It
us to push our limits. This is known
cause stress; and yet, they help
For instance, some
challenges are difficult to face and
d eustress'. Eustress provides us with energy and motivation to achieve our goals.

performed wel. To achieve this result, he might

have planned his schedule,
Suppose a child took a test and
etc. The situation was a bit stressful, but the child managed
prioritised his activities, set up a daily routine,
wel.
to reduce the effects of stress by planning
Example
Levels of stress vary according to an individual's way of perceiving it. Each person responds to various situations

tend to get easily stressed about an event or a result, while others

ifferently. Have you ever noticed that some people
appear less concerned?
Learning
UNIT I1:SELF-MANAGEMENT SKILLSS Computerswmth KiPs <S5
 might respond
all three
differently to the situation. o st
nree students scored poor grades in a test. Now, a
and the third one might
Or them might have a carefree attitude, the
other may be a little disappointed,
with the situation. Note, LE
find it difficult to cope
Trightened his result. He may blame himself and
by face some health is
third student, might
stress levels were not the s a m e for the
three students, and the p
Example
due to his emotional approach. E
hot
in a manner
that does
lead
to manage the negative emotions a
or the sake of overall well-being, it is necessary

AF
decline in one's abilities or biological functionalities.

MEANING OF STRESS MANAGEMENT to cope

with psychological ste
that enable a person
Stress management refers to a
wide range of techniques
stress, which
could otherwise prove to b
alleviate 'chronic'
effectively. It covers all the
tools and
mechanisms that
and negative thoughts, a
assist individuals
in eradicating anxiety
of techniques that
lethal disease. It includes a pool

work on their well-being.

MANAGEMENT
IMPORTANCE OFSTRESS has to continue leam
part of everyone's life,
one
unavoidable
cut-throat competition
has become a n
At a time when thrive.
to survive and
management techniques
and practicing stress
in stressful situations.
allows a person to react positively
Stress management inflicted person can resort to self-help or se
stress so that the
the different levels of
It provides ways to
measure

help from a professional. self-induced or be triggered duet YC

which can either be good or bad. They c a n be
It helps to identify distinct stressors,
as:
external situations. They can be categorised
It
Positive stressor

stressful situations)
Dangerous stressor (leads to
Irrelevant stressor

stress management provides practical measures to target thos

After successfully recognising the stressors,
stressors.

accomplishment. It equips you with the ability to handle any situation efficiently.
It infuses a sense of control and
of events, people, or situations.
one's perception
It helps to bring about a healthy change in
bridge the gap between the
available resources and the unrealistic demand
Stress management helps to

surrounding them.
person. It boosts his immune system
and makes him healthy
Stress management also enhances the physiology of a
balanced diet, sound sleep, and exercise. Thus, it helps in bringing a positive change in the outloo
emphasises on a

and lifestyle of a persoon. M

to
STRESS MANAGEMENTTECHNIQUES
You have read that stress is an automatic response of the nervous system to any threat, challenge, or problem. Our bo
D
is equipped with a natural fight or flight' response, in which it reacts spontaneously to protect itself from a M
we have an inbuilt mechanism within that safeguards us from any external danger.
unfavourable situation. So,
us

Learning
KIPS60
Computerswith
 anagement techniques help to guide and empower individuals to maintain equilibrium, stailise their errigtigfs
.One
Stressma

productive life

t eu andlive
a

of these te
e, the Let
us
takea
look at some
hniques
Issue PHYSICAL EXERCISE

actve
It makes the person
p includes all activities that maintain physical fitness and mental well being ofa person
nd helps
to buld a stong mmunity. It also assists in the oroner fnctionine of various organ systerns. it is recreat
ad ta dalso helps
in eloping social bonds.

from
Apartr this, exercise has proven to be effective in minimising stress levels
.It helps to release endomorphins (chemicals in the brain that act
as natural painkillers), and eradicate insomnia
stre
to be In a frustrating situation, a person starts feeling stressed. Here,

hts, an more vigorous forms of exercise like weight training provides a

way to vent
out negative feelings.

Exercise makes a person sturdy and helps him to tackle stressful

situations positively

earnin . It improves the state of the body, as a fit body is always able to

manage stress
in a better manner.

. I t can help to build confidence and self-esteem

or seet
YOGA
the
self-development, enlightenment of
duet Yoga is considered to be the finest legacy of the Indian culture. It is practiced for
soul, and spiritual growth.
helps in relieving stress
breathing exercises, and meditation. It has been proven that yoga
It includes physical postures,
and uplifting one's mood.

Various benefits of yoga in reducing stress levels are:

those Reduction in 'cortisol' (stress hormone) levels

Sound sleep

Sense of happiness
Removal of different ailments from the body
mands
Enables to focus on the present

althy.t Emotional control over self

utlook
MEDITATION
of It is a way of bringing positivity into one's life and helps
Meditation has been a part of our tradition for thousands years.
to restore calm and peace in our life. Regular practice
of meditation reduces stress, anxiety, and depression. It is a natural

to stress.
rbody
dnd inexpensive way that provides immunity
- a n image, chanting of a mantra, or regulating one's breathing.
m any During meditation, one needs to focus on a single point
overall well-being by:
Meditation to remove stress and propagates
helps
Learning
Computers with KIPS 61
 elping the individual
ual to tocus on the p sent

uilding a i t s such as tolerance.seativity,

and imagination

Helping to change the difficult

situations

perspecttive during
ethe perspec
and reducing
negative
Providing a Stronger
stronger sense of sense
motivation

feelings
eloping a ense of self-awareness

VACATIONSWITH FRIENDSAAND FAMILY

friends and family can be a refrech

schedules and spending holidays with
S from our hectic daily
leisure activities or hobbies can
also help you de-stress.
s. One is expeti
able to de
which o help
C h can in relieving stress. Pursuing
of life.
beauty, and break the
monotonousness
SOcial
di
relations,admire nature's
relieve stress.
E
cnjoying with friends and family can
It adds varietyto life

Creates memorable moments

Helps to develop various hobbies like photography,writing

etc.

Develops a sense ofcreativity, self-inspiration, and sociali

Fosters feelings of unity, integrity, and cooperation

It is a relaxing and rejuvenating experience

TAKING NATURE WALKSs

We must regularly take some time out of our busy schedule to appreciate nature's beauty. The fluttering ofleaves
sound of water flowing, soft breeze, brightly-coloured blossoms-all have a calming effect on our minds.

Taking nature walks can relieve stress as:

It calms a troubled mind

It improves positivity and mental well-being

It helps build a sense of creativity, motivation, and strength

It induces the basic qualities of living in harmony, peace, and cooperation

A small amount of stress is beneficial and acts as a motivation for us, but
too much stress can interfere with our daily lives. When built over time,
stress can give rise to numerous health problems, such as depression and
anxiety. Social stress like dealing with new relationships, or balancing
academic ife with social life is a common cause of stress in students.
Academic pressure like hectiec schedules,lowgrades, exams, etc.,allead to
building up of academic stress. All these can be dealt with using the various
stress management techniques discussed in the chapter. However, if the
stress becomes excessive or chronic, professional help must be sought.

Learning
Computers with KIPS62
 in
that triBgers changes
Stress can be defined external stimuli
Recap one's personality
as a reaction to any

stress causing agents are known as stressors, which can be self-induced or external.
ntal health of a
and
Stressors are factors that have an adverse effect on the physical, emotional, behavioural,
humanbeing

Stress does not aiways have a negative impact on us. lt can sometimes be useful, helping us to accom
things. ThiS iS known as'eustress

Fustress provides us with energy and motivation to achieve our goals.

and negative
Stress management includes a pool of techniques that assist individuals in eradicating anxiety
thoughts, and work on their well-being.

Stressors can be categorised as positive, dangerous, and irrelevant stressors.

Our body is equipped with a natural 'fight or flight' response, in which it reacts spontaneously to protect itser
from any unfavorable situation.

natural painkillers), and eradicate

Exercise helps to release endomorphins (chemicals in the brain that act as

insomnia.

Yoga helps in relieving stress and uplifting our mood.

Regular practice of meditation reduces stress, anxiety, and depression.
Vacation with friends and family can be a refreshing experience which can help in relieving stress.

Nature walk also acts as a stress reliever.

ASSESSMENT TIME

A. Multiple Choice Questions:

.create a chaotic atmosphere in a person's life and lead to a state of emotional
. osasannnnonss********************

disturbance known as'stress.

a. Endless greed b. Achieving our goals c.Pressure from the society d. All ofthese

2. The factor(s) that may bring about negative changes in a person suffering from stress are. * * * ** * * * * * * * * ******
** * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * " " * * * * "

a. Threat b.Peerpressure c. Financial loss d.All of these

3. . . provides us with energy and motivation to achieve our goals.

************* *******************

a. Stresss b. Eustress c. Distress d. Anxiety

4. Stress Management covers all the tools that alleviate. stress, which could otherwise
prove to be a lethal disease.
C.Chronic d. None
a. Temporary b. Low ofthese
Learning
Computers with KiPs (63
 stressors.
5. Stressors can be catagorised as
c. Irrelevant d. All of
a. Positive b. Dangerous
these
system to any threat, challenge
problem
or . .

of the nervous
6. Stress is an
response

c. Delayed d. Fast
a. Automatic b. Deliberate

, which are chemicals in the brain that art

Physical exercise helps to raise as natu
painkillers
c. Ectomorphines d. Leucocytes
a. Enzymes b. Endomorphins

8. Exercise helps in
c. Both a and b
a. Building immunity
d. None of these
b. Proper functioning of organ systems

9. Meditation brings a sense of

a. Self-awareness b. Depression c. Anxiety d. Stress

10. While vacationing with family and friends, one is able to . ****************: *

a. Deepen social relations c. Break the monotonousness of life

b. Admire nature's beauty d. All ofthese

B. Fill in the Blanks:

1. Stress can be viewed as a . t h a t is afflicting people of all age groups.

2. Stress causing agents are known as.*********************************************************"'

.
which can be self-induced or external.
STIMUL
3. Stress is a reaction to any TEPNAL thattriggers changes in our personality.
************************************* **** ..

4. Stress does not always have a. . ... . .. . impact upon us.

*

M
5. includes
*****************
a pool of techniques that assist individuals to eradicate anxiety and negat
thoughtS.
6. Stress management infuses a sense of. and accomplishment.
7. In . .

response, the body reacts spontaneously to

situation. protect itself from any unfavorab

8. Yoga reduces the level of. *..*.*w. . .. .which is the stress hormone.
9. -

s a natural and
inexpensive way that provides immunity to stress.
10.
nduces the basic qualities of living in harmony, peace, and
cooperation.
ANSWERS
1. d 2. d A. Multiple Choice Questions
3. b
4.C 5. d 6. a 7.b
1. Disease B. Fill in the Blanks 8.C 9. a 10.d
2. Stressors
6. Control 3. External stimuli
7. Fight 4. Negative
or
Flight 8. Cortisol 5. Stress management
9. Meditation 10. Nature walk

Learning
Computers with Kips64
 Answe the Following Questions-(SOLVED)
the definition of stress?
What is
AAns.Stresscan
sress Can be defined as a reaction to any external stimuli that triggers changes in one's personality

What effects
do stressors have on humans?
an adverse effect on the physical, emotional, behavioural, or mental health of a human being
Ans
Stressors have
Do all individuals respond to a stressful situation in the same way?
3.
to various
Levels of stress Vary according to an individual's way of perceiving It. Each person responds
ns.
Ans
situations differently.

in and how does it help?

Which gap does stress management help to fill
and the unrealistic demands
Ans.Stress management helps to bridge the gap between the available resources

surrounding them. It equips you with the ability to handle any situation efficiently.

bring a positive change in the outlook and lifestyle of person?

a
How does stress management
a balanced diet,
healthy. It emphasises on
Ans.Stress management boosts the immune system and makes one
outlook and lifestyle of a person.
sound sleep, and exercise. Thus, it brings a positive change in the

Why is yoga practiced?

in relieving
enlightenment of the soul, and spiritual growth. It helps
Ans.Yoga is practiced for self-development,
mood.
stress and uplifting our
How does one practice meditation?
7
of a mantra, or regulating one's
Ans.During meditation, one needs to focus
on a single point-an image, chanting
breathing.

8. Name some stress management techniques

vacations with family and
Ans. Some stress management techniques include physical exercise, yoga, meditation,
friends, and taking nature walks.

9 In what situations do vigorous forms of exercise help?

stressed. Here, more vigorous forms of exercise like weight
Ans. In a frustrating situation, a person starts feeling
training provide a way to vent out negative feelings.
10. Why is it important to regularly take some time out of our busy schedule to appreciate nature's beauty?

blossoms-all have a
Ans. The fluttering of leaves, the sound of water flowing, soft breeze, brightly-coloured
calming effect on our minds and help us to de-stress.
D. Answer the Following Questions-(UNSOLVED)
1. What is stress?

2. Stress is like a gateway that provides a free passage to a heap of diseases.' Explain.

3. What are the various factors that cause stress?

4. 'Sometimes stress can be helpful.' Elaborate giving an example.

5. What is meant by 'Stress Management'?

6 Explain the importance of Stress Management.

Define stressors. What are the different types of stressors?

Learning
Computers with Kips 65
 8. State the benefits of physical exercise
H o w does yoga and meditation help to reduce stress levels?
10. What are some of the stress management techniques? Write in detail the benefits of vacations and

nature walks.
talkin
Peop

E. Application Based Questions-(UNSOLVED) indep

Your friend Rahul is always stressed during exam time. He is a sincere and studious student, but the tho
1.
exams creates anxiety in him. What are some stress management techniques that you would suggest hought
to he The
him?
indep
2. Poonam has not cleared the competitive exam she has appeared in due to which she is feeling fret.

What techniques would you suggest to help her relax and manage her anxiety? strate benet

own

indep

becor

ACTIVITY ZONE
Buida

For Better Concept Clarity can m

A yoga ora meditation session can be organised in the school to teach students how they can be use MEA

manage stress What

Organise a nature walk with your friends. Write a report on your observations about the effect the wal
B. alk
evalu-
had on your state of mind.
initiat
requi

ADVA

GROUP DISCUSSION Boost

confic
take a
A Divide the class into groups and find out the common stressors which you and yourfriends face in your
from
daily lives.
more
B Have a group discussion with your teacher on activities you can do in school which can help reduce stress
during exams. Make
relies

requin
Make-
involv
strong
Make
strong
for hir

Brings
explo
Increa
indep
perce

ing 66
uters with Kips
 SESSION 2: ABILITY TO WORK INDEPENDENTLY

prefer working
Ie different methods to accomplish whereas others
People
a task. Some prefer to work in groups,
is you opinion on the
ndently. What is
independently. your same?Which method do you prefer
ABILITY TO WORK INDEPENDENTLY

eanacity to work on your own is an

The important asset. Working
ependentlyintthe absence of any outside influence, can be extremely
an iindividual. As the passion for
neficial for an achieving something of your
can pave your path to success and can boost your confidence. Being
Own
ndependent, teaches you howto be self-regulated and self-motivated. To
ecome a self-man nanaged individual, one should not depend on others for
dance: instead, take initiatives of his own. An independent individual
guidar

Fan manage his time well and become a potential leader.

MEANING OFAN INDEPENDENT PERSON

what does it mean to be independent? An independent person is aware of his feelings and character, observes and
ealuates his behaviour, and corrects his mistakes. He knows what he needs to do. An independent person takes the
for excuses and does not
initiative, rather than being told what to do. He takes ownership of his mistakes without looking
require constant assistance or supervision to complete the task. He works to the best of his ability.

ADVANTAGES OF WORKING INDEPENDENTLY

Boosts self-confidence: Independent people are likely to be more
confident in handling problems affecting their lives. It is because they can BE
take actions and are prepared to do things without support or permission

from others. The knowledge that they can face any challenge willinstil
more confidence in them.

Makes the person self-reliant: An independent person is resourceful and

relies only on himself. He likes to enjoy a free-flowing work style that
requires discipline and self-awareness.
life situations without
Makes the person emotionally independent: Independent people experience challenging
relations with friends and family and make them
involving other people. Emotional independence improves their
stronger
make
Makes decision-making an People who are emotionally and financially dependent on others cannot
easy task:
knows that his decisions will only impact him; so this makes it easy
strong and timely decisions. An independent person
for him to take any step.

Brings out the best in a person: Having a free and independent mind gives the freedom to
I
explore one's own skills and talents, which ultimately brings
out the best in a person. love
Increases self-value and self-esteem: The
achievement of emotional, social, and personal MySelf
This eventually changes the
independence gives the person a sense of accomplishment.
others perceive him.
perception ofa person about himselfand how

Learning (67
ComputerswithKips
 utcome of the tasi
for the out. sk which he
Makes the is wholly
responsible

gets fullcredit when he succeed

personaccountable:.
a independent
person

for it, and

likewise,

undertaken. If he fails to as to accomplish

a the task,
he is
answerable

finishing it. Self

em
SKILLS REquIRED TO wORK INDEPENDENTLY atil

a r e

You must order to work

independently.

S the following skills in

He
skill

needs to
work independently.
oONE
Self-motivation: OnIt is an essential
trait that a person

the task
successfully,
even in the absence
jea

should be able to motivate himself to complete TY

of others. The
needs to have. He
can

skill, that a person

skill: This another important
achieve his objectives
on
sational is
can hence
best suits him. He
organi
n i s task in a manner that

time. Exte
independent person. A person who worke
ability: Multitasking
ability is a must
have skill for an
alon This
Multitasking if needed. sur
at the same time
Snould be able handle multiple tasks
to
flow and follow the planned schedule, as hei gro
Discipline: A person should be
disciplined enough to organise his work eisse Pec

accountable. acta

skills are a basic necessity. Expressing yourself

skills: For independent workers, good communication can
Communication
phone or an e-mail. Int
an effective manner is critical, be it virtually through
to resolve without anybod
face problems which you need Thi
Resourcefulness: When working independently, you may
situation. str
assistance. Hence, you need to be resourceful to handle any
cau

Hie
int

ACTIVIrY ZONE For Better Concept Clarity

in your academic or work experience
nee

qu

instances where you worked independently

Make your resume and highlight
Design your resume on the following parameters:

a. Projects in which you were working independently

b. Your responsibilities Dr
How you met your goals

d. Your achievements

HOW TO BECOME SELF-RELIANT

become self-reliant. The keysto
being independent, let us look at how you
can
Now that you are aware of the benefits of
becoming self-reliant are:

Self-awareness

Self-motivation

Self-regulation

Learning
Computers with KIPS 68
 ichte SELF AWARENESS

means being aware of your

personality, including
Sel-a
pss
your strengths, weaknesses, thougnts,
Dee
motions and
and motivations Sel-awareness allows you to understand other people-how they perceive you, your
it is
and
a i t u d e andyo your responses. important to be self aware because it influences our personal developmen v yo
ware, you are more contident, innovative, and empathetic. Your decision making abilities and communication
aresei
also enhanced. Those with enhanced self-awareness can work independently and become more
enee
leaders Thus, self-awareness is an essential factor in achieving success and becoming independent.
Thus, self-awa

wPES OF SELF-AWARENESS

types of self-awareness
are twO
There
External Self-Awareness

Internal Self-Awareness

ExternalSelf-Awareness

orts his
This type of self-awareness requires understanding people perceive us. External self-awareness often
how other
faces in situations when people are the centre of attention. For example, while giving a presentation or talking to a
surfac

sheiss group of friends.

have a high degree of external self-awareness may be categorised as 'pleasers'. They are aware that their
Denple who

ourself
ations and behaviours are being evaluated, so they often behave in a socially acceptable way. External self-awareness
ran also cause people to become distressed, anxious, or worried about how others perceive them.

Internal Self-Awareness

anybob This type of self-awareness represents how we see our values, passion, aspirations, thoughts, feelings, behaviours,
strengths, weaknesses, and
their impact on others. For example, feeling nervous when you realise that your teacher has
caught you lying.
the positive aspects of
High jpb and relationship satisfaction, personal and social control, and happiness are some of
internal self-awareness, whereas anxiety, stress, and depression are some of the
What the cat
negative aspects. To become more self-aware, we must ask ourselves these three Reality thinks he is
questions every day.
enience. What went weil today?
What did not go so well?

How can l be smarter tomorrow?

DrEurich and her team identified four leadership archetypes, each with a different set of opportunities to improve.

High ExternalSelf-awareness

INTROSPECTORS AWARE
They are clear on who they are; they do not challenge They know who they are, what they want, and seek out
their views, often harming their relationships and otherpeople's opinions. They are great leaders.
limiting their success.
hekeyst
SEEKERS PLEASERS
They do not know who they are, what they stand for, or They are to focused on what others think and fail to
how others perceive them. They feel frustrated with focus on what matters to them. They make choices that
their performance and relationships. hindertheirsuccess and achievements.

Learning
Computerswith KIPS 69
 ACTIVITY zONE For Better Concept Clarity

Divide the class into four groups. Ask the students to prepare a carmpaign against bullying in school.

u s e their imagination and creativity, and come out with an appealing and informative canpaign
Instruct

SELF-MOTIVATION
Sei-motivation drives a person to attempt and accomplish tasks. It occurs when a person independently uses

more strategies to keep himself on track towards achieving a goal

Four elements that keep a person motivated are
standards
a. Personal drive to achieve, the desire to improve, or to meet specific
Commitment to personal or organisational goals
C. Initiative or readiness to act on opportunities
d. Optimism, which is the ability to continue and pursue goals in the face of failures

Selt-motivated people tend to be more organised, have excellent time management skills, and more confidence.

TYPES OF SELF-MOTIVATION
extrinsic. Both have
There types of motivationintrinsic and
are two main
Extrinsic Motivation tntrinslc Moirai
an impact on our behaviour, and how we pursue our goals.
Motivated to perfom an Motivaled to pefoma
intrinsic Motivation: It refers to the behaviour of a person that is driven by activity to ean a reward acivity for he sare
or avoid punishment personal pleasure
rewards. In
his innate desire to do something for his own sake and personal
other words, motivation to perform a task will come from within because

the person finds this accomplishment quite satisfying-for example, your

desire to learn a skill because you are eager to learn.

Examples of intrinsic motivation can include

Participating in a sport because you find the activity enjoyable

Cleaning your room because you like tidying up

Exercising because you want to relieve stress

Extrinsic Motivation: It refers to the behaviour of a person that is driven by the desire to attain some sort of an extem
reward, including money, power, and good grades.

Examples of extrinsic motivation can include:

Participating in a sport to win a reward

Cleaning your room to prepare for visitors coming over

Exercising to lose weight

Different things motivate different people at different times in their lives. The same task may have more intr
motivators at certain times and more extrinsic motivators at others. Most tasks have a combination of both.

Learning with KIPS70

Computers
 USINVOLVED IN SELF-MOTIVATION
Severa/sAillsa r e
reorequired to self+ motivate. These include:
t rrealistic goals
but
high
Settung

ng an appropriate level of risk

lookingtor o
ar Constant feedback in order to improve

mmitted to personal or organisational goals

Being committe

U t i l i s i no
gPportunities

Contontinuing
to pursuegoalso despite setbacks
dindividuals are
individuals are (capable of motivating others. This can be particularly important in leadership roles.
Motiated

SELFREGULATION

is the ability to understand and manage your reaction to the

things happening around you. Developing
Self-regulation
abilty
requires self-awareness, emotional intelligence, efficient filtering of sensory stimulation, coping effectively
self
this

stre
relating well to others, and sustaining focus.
with

involves being able to:

Self-regulation m Feeltng...
control reactions to emotions like frustration or excitement

calmingdown after something exciting or upsetting happens Mad

focus on a task
2
new task
refocus attention on a
with everyone else
orm a +get along
IMPORTANCE OF SELF-REGULATION

ability to control
Self-regulation helps people to behave in socially acceptable ways. It endows them with the

impulses.
It helps people in making friends. Self-regulation allows children to share toys and express emotions like joy and

anger in an appropriate manner

It teaches
It makes people more independent as it enables them to make the right decisions about their behaviour.
them how to behave in different situations without any guidance.
enables them to calm down
I t helps in managing stress. Self-regulation helps people to cope with strongfeelings and
when they are angry.
We can say that the fundamentals of being independent are the ability to work on your own, with minimal direction,
xterna
difficulties and
confidence, self-awareness, self-motivation, and sef-regulation. It teaches you how to respond to the
of own learning and
challenges that you might face in your everyday lives. It also instils a sense of being in control your
success.

ntrins
eACTIVITY ZONE
.
For Better Concept Clarity
Ask students to form three groups. Ask each group to prepare a chart/PPT/role play on the qualities required
Tor working independently. Instruct each group to present their work before the class.

Learning
ComputerswithKIPS
 D I v I d e the class into two groups-Group A and Group
B. Ask of each group to
students
prepe
. Instruct shr
school environment-friendly
chart/presentation on the topic 'How can we make ourstudents of Group B to work independently
Group A to work as a team on the assigned topic.
Ask
detAfters
or working independent y
of working as a team ntly.
presentations, ask each group to share their experiences
Work'.
3. in the given table write the pros and cons of 'Working
Independently' and 'Team

Pros Cons

Working Independently

Team Work

howto be self-regulated and self-motivated

Being independent teaches you
Recap Independent people are likely to be more confident on handling probleme
ly less on others, easily make decisions, and ae
affecting their lives, tend to r

emotionally independent.
In order to work independently, a person must possess certain skills-self-motivation, organisational skil

communication skil, and resourcefulness.

multitasking ability, discipline,
self-motivation, and self-regulation.
The keys to becoming self-reliant are self-awareness,
Self-awareness means being aware of your personality, including your
strengths, weaknesses, thoughts, beliet
emotions, and motivations.

self-awareness and Internal self-awareness.

There are two types of awareness-External

requires understanding how other people perceive

us.
External self-awareness

we see our own values, passions, aspirations, thoughts, feeling

Internal self-awareness represents how clearly
on others.
behaviours, strengths, weaknesses, and their impact
Self-motivation drives a person to attempt and accomplish tasks.
There are two main types of motivation-intrinsic and
extrinsic.
for his
Intrinsic motivation refers to the behavior of a person
that is driven by his innate desire to do something
own sake and personal rewards.
an
desire to attain some sort of
Extrinsic motivation refers to the behaviour of a person
that is driven by the
external reward, including money, power, and goodgrades.
like frustration or excitement.
Self-regulation involves being able to control reactions to emotions
The fundamentals of being independent are the ability to work on your own, with minimal direction, confidente
self-awareness, self-motivation, and self-regulation.

Learning
CompulerswithnKiPs 72
 ASSESSMENT TIME

Multiple Choice Questions:

per'son is wholly responsible for the outcome of the task which he has undertaket

d. Confident
Resourceful
b. Self-motivated C. Independent

ofe tthe
he following is not one of the keys to becoming independent ?
follo
Which
d. Self-regulation
a. Selt-awareness
b. Self-care c.Self-motivation
to them.
are too focused on what others think and fail to focus on what matters

d. Aware
a. Introspectors
b. Seekers c.Pleasers

statements related to self-regulation is incorrect?

-h of the following

to show their irritation and frustration.

.
Self-regulation helps people

Self-regulation makes people

more independent.
h

to behave in
Self-regulation helps people socially acceptable ways.
to with strong feelings.
. Self-regulation helps people cope
incorrect?
Which of the following statements related to an independent person is
to rely more on others.
a. Hetends
undertaken.
h. He is wholly responsible for the outcome of the task which he has
resourceful.
c. He is

self-motivated.
d. He is

following is not an element to keep a person motivated?

6, Which of the
a. Commitment to personal or organisational goals

b. Initiative or readiness to act on opportunities

Being aware of your personality

d. Personal drive to achieve

B. Fill in the blanks:

motivation refers to the behavior of a person that is driven by his innate desire to do
TuTN
something for his own sake and personal rewards.
2. People who have a low degree of both internal self-awareness may be categorised as.

3. CN.involves being able to control reactionsto emotions like frustration orexcitement.

4. NCREME.EA..people arelikelytobe more confidenton handling problemsaffectingtheirlives

5. . .. self-awareness requires understanding how other people perceive us.

6.1 TE r edlear on who they are, but don't challenge their views, often harming their
relationships and limiting their success.

ETRI14S
************nosk. nnnnousnsnannns***un.
motivation refers to the behaviour of a person that is driven by the desire to attain

Some reward.

Learning
Computers withKips 73
 ANSWERS
0hore Questio
A Mipte
.8
Blans
Pltn the 8. Evterna

1.Itrine
ndependen
ntrospeetoP

Answer the Folewing Questions-(SOLVED)

that is driven by the desire to

to attain some
ihsk motivation refers to the behaviour of a person
money, power,
and good grades
n a reward, incuding awareness?

aspecfs of nternalself
What ae the postve a eoatve

satisfaction, personal and social control, and ha

p
Oitive aspects High job and relationship piness
Nepative aspects Anxiety, stress, and depression
Wite any three characterstcs of an independent person

Three characteristics of an independent person are

and character, observes and evaliuat
ates his
aware of his own feelings
An
independent person is

and corrects his mistakes.

An independent person takes initiative rather than being told what to do. He doesn't reni

assistance or supervIsion to complete the task.

He takes ownership of his mistakes

without looking for excuses.

Ow does working makea person emotionally independent?

ndependently

Independent people experience challenging life situations without involving other people smo
with friends and family and make them stronger.
independence improves their relations
What are the key eiements required to develop self-regulation?

stimulation, coping effectively wths

Self-awareness, emotional intelligence, efficientfiltering ofsensory
relating well to others, and sustaining focus are some of the important elements required to
self-regulation.
What are the skills involved in self-motivation ?

foliowing skills are involved in self-motivation:

Ans The

Setting high but realistic goals

Taking an appropriate level of risk

Looking for constant feedback in order to improve

Being committed to personal or organisational goals

Utilising opportunities

Continuing to pursue goals despite setbacks

Answer the Following Questions-(UNSOLVED)

D
that keep a person motivated.
1. List any four elements

Explain the advantages

of working independently.
2.

Learning
KiPs 74
Compulerswith
 pare external a roal and internal self-awareness.
Why

gulation important for becoming independent?

i ss e l - r e g u l a t i o

plaint
four leadership archetypes as suggested by Dr Eurich and her team in a tabulated form.

pefine self-regulation

7 Explain.
ha are 'Seekers

impotant to be self-aware?
Whys
it

Applica BasedQuestions-(UNSOLVED) hile

splanningto work on a project independently. Suggest some strategiles he should Keepu
wOrking
on theproject.
to help tne

Amita
preparing a lecture for her students on self-motivation. Which
s
skills should she highlight
students become self-motivated and take charge of their learning?

Cand the given examples and write the type of motivation in each situation:

He gets no
Deepak works in the ofticebecause he has to repay his loan and look after his family.
does eEpak
satisfaction from his job. There is no chance of promotion either. What type of motivation
pOssess?

Malvika works in an art gallery. She is very fond of painting. She loves what she does and gets satisraction
from her work. What type of motivation does Malvika possess?

ACTIVITY ZONE For Better Concept Clarity

the importance or
1. Divide the class into three groups. Ask each group to prepare a role play demonstrating
seif-2wareness, self-motivation, and self-regulation in building leaders.
2 Ask any five students to volunteer for the post of class representative. Now, tell each volunteer to speak

about
a.Why they wantto become the class representative?
Why should other students choose him astheir representative?
Ask any one student to write the qualities of each volunteer on the board. After all volunteers have spoken,
instructthe students to assess the qualities and decide which student has the potential leadership alities and
can become their class representative.

GROUP DISCUSSION
Divide the class in two groups and conduct a group discussion on the topic,
Pros and Cons of Self-awareness.

Learning
Computerswith KIPS 75
 NFORMATION
TLCHNOLOGY

SESSION 1: ENTREPRENEUR AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP

is a person who establishes a business of a venture that generates some value to the customer and
entrepreneur
Ane
unmet
An entrepreneur starts a new business with an eye on what he identifies as an
proves
to be
es to profitable for hhim
profitable

and works to tulfil A business venture needs to have a novel element or process
tomake it acceptable
edin the market
ee

the market
andthrivingin
ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND SOCIETY
available to a person. There is a direct
Entrepreneurship can be
described as starting a business by using the resources

and at the
between entrepreneurship and society An entrepreneur needs a society to establish a business
relationship
society cannot function without the presence entrepreneurs
of
ame time,
economic
an important role for their local community, region,
and state. They contribute to the
The entrepreneurs play
economic growth drives development and progress
in the society. Entrepreneurship
of the country. This same
gTowth below.
in the functioning of the society. Let us look at the examples given
hence, has a crucial role

Markets Inc., John Mackey and Renee

The four co-founders of Whole Foods
Natural Foods), and Craig Weller and Mark
Lawson Hardy (owners of Safer Way
Natural Grocery) are considered great
Skiles (owners of Clarksville
Markets Inc. is an American supermarket
chain
entrepreneurs. Whole Foods
from hydrogenated fats and artificial
which exclusively sells products free
in 1980.
and sweeteners. The store was founded
colours, flavours, preservatives,
business opportunity to provide
natural food
The four co-founders saw a great
of grocery stores that focused mostly
on
products in an established industry when the four local
Example products. It was a significant breakthrough
delivering commercial and processed
format. The supermarket
businessmen decided to combine
the natural foods industry with a supermarket
supermarkets in the
immediate success. There were
less than half a dozen natural foods
chain was an
chain grew by leaps and bounds over the years.
United States at that time. Their

have been
Bansal of Flipkart, and Deep Kalra of MakeMyTrip
In India, Bhavish Aggarwal of Ola Cabs, Binny innovative
identified the changingneeds of the time and came up with
innovative entrepreneurs. They
and grew successful businesses.
ideas that soon earned customers

O OLA flipkart make tiP

Example
Deep Kalra
Binny Bansal
Bhavish Aggarwal Co-founder
CoAounder Co-founder

educated people with professional degrees acquired

Feadabout the life of these entrepreneurs to know how these
over the years into booming
businesses. There are
orporate experience and started their small ventures, which grew
but turned around their fortune with the right
many other Indian entrepreneurs who started from humble beginnings,

UNIT V- ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS

LaraitKips12
Computerswith
 x of
intelligence, ambition. incredible determination, and
Success set perseverance. Their success
stories of hardship, lahos.
new benchmarks and serve as an inspiration to everyone
today. A few examples are: Jabour, and
Dhirubhai Ambani: Founder of the Reliance
empire
C.P.
Krishnan Nair: Founder of india's leading luxury hotel chain-leela Palaces, Hotels, and
Resorts
Karsanbhai Patel: Founder of the Nirma
empire
ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Entrepreneurship is not only beneficial for the entrepreneur itself but it is also essential for the
Let us discuss the role which growth of the ecCOn
entrepreneurship plays in the development of a country's economy.
HELPS IN WEALTH CREATION

Entrepreneurship has proven to be beneficial for the society in terms of wealth creation for the
people involved. As a result, the entrepreneur and ththe
economy of the local area improves and develops.
While establishing a business, entrepreneurs invest their resources and attract capital from
investors, lenders, and tha
public. It results in the flow of public wealth and allows people to benefit from the success of entrepreneurs and
businesses. This kind of growing
pooled capital that results in wealth creation, is the necessity of economic
furnishes progress with a tremendous amount of development. It
goods and services and improves the growth of social welfare.
ADDS TO NATIONAL INCOME

New and improved products, services, and technology from entrepreneurs enable to develop new markets and
create
new wealth. In addition to this, increased employment and higher earnings contribute to better
national income in the
form of higher tax revenue and consequently higher government spending. This revenue can be used the
by government
to invest in human capital and other struggling sectors.

CREATES EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES

Entrepreneurs are not job seekers but job creators. They facilitate new business opportunities of employment for the
people. The job creation by new and existing businesses is one of the primary goals of economic development.

For example, when a few IT companies were founded in the 1990s, millions from other sectors benefitted from it.
Businesses in associated industries, like call centre operations, network maintenance companies, and hardware
providers flourished. Education and training institutes nurtured a new class of IT workers, who were offered better, and
high-paying jobs. Infrastructure development organisations and real estate companies capitalised on this growth as
workers migrated to employment hubs seeking better opportunities.

LEADS TO A BALANCED REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT

When entrepreneurs set up new businesses and industrial units in less developed and backward areas, they help
in

businesses in these areas leads to infrastructure improvements,

regional development. The growth of industries and
malls, and
such as better roads and rail links, airports, regular electricity and water supply, schools, hospitals, shopping
other public and private services.

area will create both direct and indirect jobs.

The combined spending of allthe
Every new business in a less developed
economic development. For
new employees and the supporting
roles in other business add to the local and regional
Uttar Pradesh) are botha
Okhla Industrial Development Authority (NOIDA, in
example, Gurugram (in Haryana) and New

Learningers with Kips

Comput
 National Capital Region of India. Over a period of time, there has been massive
part a these tworegions with a variety of I, automobile, software, merchandise, and
ent in
development N E E D

dustries
m a n yo t h e ri n d u .
coming up. This led
d to new settlements and infrastructural development
w O R K

beyond
Delhi.

OF LIVING
IMPROVESTHEs HE STANDARD
the standard of living in a community. They do this not only by creating jobs,
Dlay a
Entrepreneurspla
aus key role in increasing
hy developing
develo
and adopting new ideas that lead to improvements in the quality of life of their employees,
also by
but in the community.
other stakeholders
and
omers,

CREATES SOCIAL CHANGE

of new goods and services, entrepreneurs break away from tradition and indirectly help
in
their unique ering
offerin
Through of life and greater
on obsolete systems and technologies. This results in an improved quality
dhucing
reduc
dependence
economic freedom.

The water supply in a water-scarce region might force people to keep

work in order to collect water. This will impact their
away from their
flow-based pump that
income. Now, imagine an invention of a low-cost,
This type of innovation will
canfill their water containers automatically!
without worrying about a basic
enable people to focus on their jobs
Example increased
necessity like water. More time devoted to work leads to

economic growth.

revolutionised communication across the

Smartphones and apps have
strata now own smartphones. The
globe. People of all socio-economic 15

and its smartphone industry

growth of China's smartphone market
entrepreneurship
(e.g. Oppo and Vivo) has shown how technological
human In addition to the
long-lasting impact on the entire
race.
has a
that entrepreneurs in lesser-
above, globalisation of technology implies
Edimple developed countries have access to the same tools as their

counterparts in richer countries.

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
and provide financial support to local
Entrepreneurs also invest in community projects
Shiv Nadar, G.M. Rao, Ratan
charities. Famous entrepreneurs like Bill Gates, Azim H Premiji,
such as education and public
ata, and others have used their money to finance good causes,
nealth. These entrepreneurs use their skills and resources to engage in community

development.
THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT
0overnment regulations play a significant role in promoting entrepreneurship. A government
regulated balanced approach to nurturing entrepreneurship can result in a positive impact on Bill Gates

ne economy. Unregulated entrepreneurship may lead to unwanted social outcomes, such as

unfair market practices, widespread corruption, financial crisis, and criminal activities.
Learning
Computerswith 25
 QUALITIES OF ASUCCESSFUL ENTREPRENEUR
adaptable and agile,
calculated risks. They are
are often visionaries and risk-takers who take well
seen as
eurs the most prominent example is
In modern times,
C L d n ddjust
their objectives according to the changing markets. revolutionary computer products the
to
e v e Jobs (co-founder of Apple) who is credited with developing and bringing

market.
Examples of some eminent entrepreneurs are:

Thomas Edison: Prolific inventor

Walt Disney: Co-founder of The Walt Disney Company

Ted Turner: Founder of CNN

Mark Zuckerberg: Founder of Facebook
A

Bill Gates: Founder of Microsoft Corporation

Ted Turner
Steve Jobs:Co-founder of Apple Inc. Entre

industries
Dhirubhai Ambani: Founder of Reliance
Sons and Group of Companies
fom

Ratan N Tata: Chairman of Tata

Narayana Murthy: Founder of Infosys Entrs

Azim H Premji: Chairman

of Wipro Limited ote

Lakshmi Mittal: Chairman

and CEO of ArcelorMittal pro
successful. The two important
that make these entrepreneurs
stal
There are certain qualities
and intuition.
are perception
entrepreneurs possess
personality traits that with successful
some other qualities that are generally associated Azim H Premji
Apart from these, there are

entrepreneurs.

PASSION
a business takes a lot of
Entrepreneurs by profit alone. Building
are not motivated
acts as their biggest
love what they do, and this
time andeffort. The entrepreneurs
into their business venture.
motivation to put in all their efforts n
to
their dreams and are willing
not afraid of hard work. They are focused on FOuoN W
They are
successful entrepreneur will
business succeed. The
put in extra hours to make the
and looking for ways to
make the business better.
PASSK
always be reading, researching,
rather accept it in a positive way.
do not give up when they face any challenge,
They from the non
convinced that about half of
what separates the successful entrepreneurs
said, "l'm
It is as Steve Jobs once
the world"
successful ones is pure perseverance.
People with passion can change
MOTIVATION
depend on a
Entrepreneurs are dedicated to their work. They do not
PERFOAMANCE
them toward their goals. Their drive comes
manager or colleague to push
from within and helps them motivate others.
communicate their dream, and inspire
others
MOTIVATION Entrepreneurs have the skill to
a well-
to join them on their journey to
achieve it. According to Simon Sinek,
SUCCASS others to dream more,
known motivational speaker, "if your actions inspire
EHCOURAG

learn more, do more, and become more, you are a leader."

Learning
Computerswith
Kips12
 believirg that good thngsil hacoem n e tre a

CANTO
or

businessth the tho * r t may or may not be arLesstd

ed
Entrepreneurs are oçtims 1CAN
I WL
SCESstu
entrepreeui
wrt to e x e r er busuress Orce Tev
mer
hy
togo mant

vISaON

ISION o beaSuCTess*u entregrener s t be goai-orerted Sucessfd entrecrereun

ther goai s, y
tey o *C

vson that they share

h ohe Ther team uriderstarcsat
uS

t e r path to suRCeSs Hmeer, t s o t emoug St set goa's

h a t ther roie s on

- a e a pian and perseere to reach those goais

CRSTUTY

Bsreses uit
wrc a e r e r t y art i r k outsie e bo are

s see e

aose D dezs arse o ceatvty-a ay o irkrg at ders

and bemer2s cf dong i n g Trey

n e a'mzs K E
tor
ne
SDLECrs sge rCie Ter gve a ren ourpcse
anoS
E e aent
e noSTes They are not satsfed wt

aet te wcrie

mng c
mew de2stha cargete

SELF-STARTER
tthemseves
They s e
done. r e y reed todo
e
fsomemingreeds o
Eepreneus ae zazre a nderacrt
and accroach
earemees
aieveterccjectves
They are oroactve

OPESN-MONDE
about
are continucusy generated
ccconity ldeas
stuatcn s a ousness
every event anc reshape it
wererersaise a They a n icck at evencaing
around t h e m and

ootencial new t u s i r e s s
e c c i e seils anc
TricwE Fcerc

m a ease
Erds ergoa
RS-TAHKER
b u s i n e s s c u are a a c to eke the
is-EKrg s : CUca car cfsering a new

alcw ycu to
satisiec il rever

reve pe anyaere Seng

ezsiy
wil
umceey and cocental aiure stoo
icecreneus oc ctler

Te e e at alenges
and rsKS S OCcorunites They
rseac er ccK
Tem Tomrg

cCORNPIDENCE
and delieve that their
sucress Tey show
conficence in their cusiness ideas
SI Eteorenes c c t doucr e r

eurs wil surey sconer r rer tear resJ

Larning
 DETERMINATION
a s l entrepreneurs believwe that all things
are possible.
taiures
do not stop them Instead, theyloud al
a

deleat av an
ootuny tr suoves
cOMPETITIVE
blish
nature and utilise opportunities to establish a servle
serulcn
that Is bete
estulentrepreneurs ane fiercely competitive by of their company
the track record of
success

an the rest.They in a constant

rut to maintain
are

STRONG PEOPLE SKILLS

skills. Good people shills also
communication
entrepreneurs have strong
esul and a willingness to work together
dude prodlem-soving abilities,
empathy for others,
motivate their employees and
Successful entrepreneurs
owards the common welfare. benefits of their
are very good
at highlighting the
nsure m a i m u m productivity. They
Dusiness and launching their products.

DISCIPLINED
their goals. They plan stratal
any distraction
that might stop them from achieving
Successful entrepreneurs eliminate
them. They have a disciplined
approach to their work and take stepsevery wards dav
and outline tactics to accomplish

the achievement of their objectives.

STRONG WORK ETHICSs

at their workplace. They are a role model for work et hics
display strong ethical qualities
The successful entrepreneurs
to showcase the same.
and inspire all their employees

Rules and
Regulations
Rules of Values
Conduct

Ethics
Ethical Research
Practices
Moral
Principles

MAIN FUNCTIONS OF AN ENTREPRENEUR

functions in the society. Let us now understand the five main
We have already read that entrepreneurs perform multiple
functions of Entrepreneur.

Main functions
pf an Entrepreneur

Decision Innovation
making

Risk-taking
Management and uncertalnty
control Division of
Income bearing

Learning
Computerswith KIPS 128
DECISION MAKING

cimary task of an entrepreneur is to decide the policy of production. This includes taking vital business decisions
a purchasing and sale of the finished goods and services. He has to determine what to produce, how much to
related to purchasing

howto oduce, where to produce, how to sell, and so on.

roduce,
Droc

MANAGEMENT CONTROL

rnreneur is responsible for the management and control of his business. Therefore, he must possessgood
managementskills and select the right type of people to work with him

DIVISION OF INCOME

function is to make necessary arrangements for the division of total income among the different
Aaother important
N Of Droduction. Even when the business owner faces a loss in business, he has to pay rent, interest, wages, and
incomes out of the realised sale proceeds.
other contractual

RISK-TAKING AND UNCERTAINTY-BEARING

of an entrepreneur. Estimating the production is risky as an

Rick-taking perhaps the most important function
is
to produce goods and services foreseeing their future demand.
entrepreneur is required
undertakes two kinds of risks during production-Measurable and Insurable Risks and Uncertainty
The entrepreneur
Risks.
Insurable Risks
Measurable and

for example, risk of fire, loss of goods in transit, theft, etc., which can be insured against any
There are some risks,
These are known as measurable and insurable risks.
damage.
Uncertainty Risks

insured against because their probability cannot be calculated accurately. These are
Some risks, however, cannot be
risks occur due to unknown or unexpected events. It is difficult to predict and
known as uncertainty risks. These type of
control the damage done by these risks. Examples include damage
done by natural disasters, new competitors or

products, a sudden change in economic policies, etc.

INNOVATION
techniques, discover
other important function of the entrepreneur is to innovate continuously-new products,
new

to the demand and current

w markets-to get the competitive advantage to grow and adapt the business according
trend.

MYTHS ABOUT ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Let us examine some myths surrounding entrepreneurs and discover the truth of Myth
entrepreneurship. Truth
ENTREPRENEURS ARE HIGH RISK-TAKERS
Entrepreneurs are neither high nor low risk-takers. They prefer situations in which they can get a profitable outcome.

They like challenges which they believe willead to positive results. Knowing which business to start and which to avolid is
the first important step. An entrepreneur should hence be capable of taking calculatedrisks

Learning
Computerswith Kips29
 ENTREPRENEURS ARE BORN
Many people believe that entrepreneurs possess inborn capabilitles. However, experts
agree that most entrepreneurs are not born; they learn to become entrepreneurs. Every
aspiring entrepreneur should remember that starting your own business is not an easy MYTAS
decision, and you must understand that it will change your life In many ways.

ENTREPRENEURS ARE MAINLY MOTIVATED TO GET RICH

It is a myth that people become entrepreneurs to become rlch quickly. Starting a business ls not a get-rich-quick
alternative. New business usually takes one to three years to turn a profit. During the start-up stage, entrepreneurs do
not splurge on a luxurious lifestyle but instead choose to use their surplus money to pay off the debt or reinvest in the
business. Their focus is on creating a company with a strong financlal base for future expansion.

ENTREPRENEURS GIVE A LuTTLE ATTENTION TO THEIR PERSONAL LIFE

It is believed that all successful entrepreneurs work long hours, which in turn takes a toll on their personal life. The
primary difference between the entrepreneur and their corporate counterpart is a well planned schedule. Even though
they don't mind working for 60-70 hours a week, they work out their routine in a manner that allows them to spend time
with their family and friends.

ENTREPRENEURS ARE LONERS AND INTROVERTS

Even though some entrepreneurs prefer working alone they actively seek advice and make contacts to discuss their
business ideas with others for business growth.

ENTREPRENEURS ARE JOB HOPPERS

Entrepreneurs are not job hoppers. Most of them gain experience after working for a many years in big companies
before starting their business. They use their corporate experience to learn everything about the business they intend to

set-up.
ENTREPRENEURS FINANCE THEIR BUSINESS FROM VENTURE CAPITALISTS

Most entrepreneurs fund their business from personal savings, or by borrowing from friends or money lending
institutions. Funding with a venture capitalist is expensive and only used as a last resort.

ENTREPRENEURSAREOFTEN RUTHLESS OR DECEPTIVE

Some people believe that you deceptive to become a successful entrepreneur. On the contrary, this attitude
have to be

does not work well for an entrepreneur. However, a deceptive entrepreneur

often alienates himself from others. Bad
venture from becoming successful.
relationships with his employees, customers, and suppliers inhibit his
ENTREPRENEURS HAVE LIMITED DEDICATION

Dedication is an essential attribute for every entrepreneur. He needs to be extremely

What motivates
dedicated to his venture. At the same time, he needs to make sure that his team is pouremployees?h

equally passionate to make the business succeed.

Some other myths include:

The only requirement for an entrepreneur is a good idea. Shouldn't yo

find out before
they run away?
+Startinga new business guarantees freedom to its
owner.

Onlymoney motivatesemployees.
Learning
ComputerswithKIPS130
 Businesseither
flourishes or fails SUCCESS
the entrepreneur
All responsibility falls on
VEN sNESS
S
There's a secret, "silver builet" or "golden key" to success
RARR TEAM
with MBA at the helm
Business needs someone an

losers
Quitting is for

ENTREPRENEURSHIP AS A CAREER OPTION

economies. India, as an emerging economy, is

Developed countries are moving trom managerial' to 'entrepreneurial'
choice for the young
ensuring that entrepreneurship encouraged as a
is career

in 2013 by the International School of Entrepreneurship Education

and Development (ISEED)
A study conducted
about 90 per cent
to become an entrepreneur while
revealed that more than 87 per cent of the students surveyed, aspire
believe that the country is full of entrepreneurship opportunities.
ENCOURAGING ENTREPRENEURSHIP

are limited. Hence, entrepreneurship can

be the right career choice.
We have an educated youth, but job opportunities
and growth of new
The government has sensed this
shift and taken a number of initiatives to encourage the creation

ventures
Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship
was set up by the Government of India in 2014.
Educational institutes are providing courses on entrepreneurship.

A large number of incubators and business

accelerators have been set

up to mentor, coach, and train entrepreneurs. MAKE

Recognition of entrepreneurs in the community as
through seminars, webinars, YouTube videos, blogs, books,
role models
Massive THINGS
Open Online Course (MOOC) from Coursera
and Stanford Online;

Open forums, etc., are some of the initiatives that are driving
the youth HAPPEN
to choose entrepreneurship.
returning to their campuses and actively involving
themselves in mentoring and
Alumni of various institutions are

is indeed vibrant.
creating an angel fund. The current ecosystem for entrepreneurship
Being an entrepreneur teaches life skills, increases creativity problem solving skills, provides a better understanding
and
and hence, enhances
of business and market economics, improves communication, teamwork, and networking skills,
employability. More importantly, it teaches you that failure is also a learning experience
Peter Drucker said, "The best way to predict the future is to create it." This holds true for entrepreneurs.
is assured.
Entrepreneurship is full of uncertainty, but if one accepts that and is willing to embrace it,
success

An entrepreneur is a person who establishes a business or a venture that generates

Recap some value to the customer and proves to be profitable for him.

Entrepreneurship can be described as starting a business by using the resources available to a person.
Entrepreneurship has a crucial role in the functioning of the society.

A business venture needs to have a novel element or process to make it acceptable and thriving in the market

Learning
Computerswith Kips á3
 enable to
develop new rmarkets and
New and
improved products, services, and technology from e n t r e p r e n e u r s

create new wealth.

development.
economic
The job creation of
by new and n
e one of the
primary goals
g businesses
is

Entre S D l a y a key role in increasing the standard of living in a con

ity.
risks.
hrepreneurs are often seen dsvisionaries and risk takers who take well-calculated
and intultion.
ne two important are perception
e n t r e p r e n e u r s possess
personality traits that
eveloped countries are moving from 'managerial' to'entrepreneur
provides a better
problem solving skils,
creativity and
teaches life skills, increases
teamworK, ànd networking skills,
eneur communication,
business and market economics, improves,
and
g O
hence, enhances employability

ASSESSMENT TIME

A. Multiple Choice Questions:

.ofthesociety.
***********************************************************************************************************
1. Entrepreneurship has a crucial role in the
d. None of these
a. Evolution b. Planning c. Functioning

beneficial for the entrepreneur

itself but it is also essential for the
Entrepreneurship is not only
***********************
.of the economy.
d. All of these
a. Decline b. Growth C. Progress
**************************************************************'***** '

3. Entrepreneurship benefits the. . ************************

CEntrepreneur as well as the society

a. Entrepreneur

b. Entrepreneur and his family d. None of these

************************************************************************************************************************
4. Entrepreneurship is a good option for
3. A career choice c. Doing charity
d. Leading an easy life
b. Making quick money
* -*************************************.****************************** ***************************
5. Entrepreneurs are.

a. Born with special qualities eVisionaries

d. None of these
. Deceptive

6 Entrepreneurs playa key role in increasing the .

**********************************************************************************
ofliving in a community.
b.Confidence cStandard d. All of these
a. Efforts

7. To bea successful entrepreneur, you must be. ************************'************'********"************""******'****************************

a. Goal-oriented b. Technology-driven c. Rich d. Smart

and

3. The two important personality traits that entrepreneurs possess are. *******************************************************************************

. .******************************************************"*************' '

* *****es*a******************

a. Optimism, Uncertainty c. Motivation, Distrust

b. Creativity, Gloom d Perception and Intuition

Learning
ComuterswithKips132
 ECrecreneurs aso invest in community projects and provide financiai support to

.Commnity .Charities c.Co-operation d.Industry

10 Am remis the chairmen of

d, Wipro Limited
a Dnasys dMahindra Group cReliance Industries
FUl On the Blanks:

generates some value to the

Aentepreneur is a person who establishes a business or a venture that
customer and proves to be 1t I for him.

Enceoreneurs piay a key role in increasingtheANDA. in a community.

Theresa relationship between the entrepreneur and entrepreneurship.

.. of that local area gets
when an entrepreneunal venture starts in an area, the . .

ceveicoed
TFRSTFUCTLAE
... improvements.
growth of industnes and business in backward areas leads to.
************************ **
The

Entrepreneurs are not jod seekers but job. PATN

*************************

Entrepreneurs are. . about the future and are always looking ahead.
them from achieving their
a n y distraction that might stop
SSuccesstulentrepreneurs.
goai's
regulations play a significant role in promoting entrepreneurship.
N
is a business.
Entrepreneurs realise that every event and situation
10.
ANSWERS
A. Multiple Choice Questions
8.d 9.d 10. d
5.c 6. d 7. a
4. a
B. Fill in the Blanks
4. EconomyY 5. Infrastructure
2. Standard of living 3. Direct
LPrafitabie 10. Opportunity
8. Eliminate 9. Government
&. Creators 7.Optimistic

C. Answer the Following Questions-(SOLVED)

Whatis the relationship between an entrepreneurand a society?
without
society to establish a business, and at the same time, society cannot function
Ans. An entrepreneur needs a
the presence of entrepreneurs.
in a certain area?
How does entrepreneurship help in wealth creation and development

beneficial for the

society in terms of wealth creation for the entrepreneur
Entrepreneurship has proven to be
Ans.and the people involved. As a result, the economy of the local area improves and develops.

What is the primary difference between the life of an entrepreneur and that of his corporate counterpart?
3

between the entrepreneurs and their corporate counterparts is a well-planned

Ans.The primary difference
schedule.
Tt is only money that motivates employees.' Is this a myth or a reality?

Ans.
This isa myth.
Learning
Computerswith KIPS<
 S
5. o m e of the developed nations of the world, what is the recent shift in the economy and employment
pattern
Ans.Deveioped countries are moving from 'managerial' to 'entrepreneurlal' economies, where entrepreneurship is
being encouraged as a career choice for the young
. What does an entrepreneur do?
Ans.An entrepreneur starts a new business with an eye on what he ldentifles as an unmet need in the market and
works to fuifil it.

Why should an entrepreneur be open-minded?

Ans. Entrepreneurs realise that every event and situation is a business opportunity. Ideas are continuously
generated about workflows, efficiency, people skills, and potential new businesses. They can look at
everything around them and reshape it into a path that leads them towards their goal.
Discuss the two initiatives taken by the government to encourage the creation and growth of new ventures.
Ans.a. Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship were set up by the Government of India in 2014.
b. Educational institutes are providing courses on
entrepreneurship.
9. What are the two types of risks usually faced by an entrepreneur?
Ans. The two types
of risks faced by an entrepreneur are:
a. Measurable and insurable risks

b. Uncertainty risks
10. Whyis entrepreneurship considered as a good option for earning a livelihood in the present times?
In the present times, we have an educated youth,
Ans.

but job opportunities are limited. Hence, entrepreneurship

can be the right career choice.

D. Answer the Following Questions-(UNsOLVED)

How does entrepreneurship play an influential role in the economic growth and the standard of
living of a
society?
2. 'Entrepreneurs are job creators, not job seekers.'Explain this statement with an example.
3. According to you, what are the three most
important qualities to become a successful entrepreneur? Give an
explanation for selecting each quality.
4. What are the main functions of an entrepreneur? Explain.
5. What do you think are the three most common myths about entrepreneurship? Explain why they are not true.
6. When you begin a business, you should not splurge on a luxurious
lifestyle. Give reason.
7. How do entrepreneurs bring about social change? Explain with the help of an example.
8. It is believed that
'entrepreneurs are high risk-takers'. Do you consider this to be a myth? Comment.
9. Why do entrepreneurs invest in community projects and provide financial
support to local charities? Explain.
10. What are some of the ways by which the government and other institutes are
encouraging and assisting
entrepreneurship as a career choice for the young?
E. Application Based
Questions-(UNSOLVED)
1. You are planning to start
small business with your friend. A business
a
raises doubts about the plan is in place but often your friend
success of that
business. How will you handle this situation?
2. Sandeep and three of his friends are starting a new business. List the five
them in making their new venture successful. suggestions that you think will help

arning
amputerswith KiPs134
ACTIVIYzONE For Better Concept Clarity
Selt-Assessment

tAnd assess yourself as a future entrepreneur. inink about the entrepreneurial

d about and analyse your strengths and weaknesses. Write a report on your qualities ( i tae
self-analysis
Research-Based Projects

wnte an article on entrepreneurship as a career option.

Daad the success stories of two entrepreneurs to know how

these educated
expenience and started their ventures. Compile your findings as a project report. people acquired urvrae

Business Think Tank

Divide the class into four groups and assign one business venture to
each group. Ask students to expiore zt
these business ventures and make presentations covering the points given below

Ola/Uber Flipkart MakeMyTrip BigBasket

Myntra UrbanClap Paytm Swiggy/Zomato
i, What could be the reasons behind starting these business ventures?
i. How do you evaluate their success?

ii. How have they impacted the lives of the common man?

GROUP DISCUSSION
What qualities are required to become a successful entrepreneur? Discuss.
Divide the class into groups. Ask each
group to think of a business idea and
collect information on it.
Further, design a plan for setting up that
Make a presentation on your business business
plan.

NOTE
After the group presentations, the teacher can
organise an open house session where the groups can ask
questions and share their ideas with the other groups.

ADEA
PLAN
TEAM
SUCCESS

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 EEEOEEEH
NFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
SESSION 1: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Humans have strived for

development ever since the beginning of civilisation. Development is considered a gradtst
rgress for improvement in the economic, social, political, and cultural systems. However, the impact of h

development on the environment and the natural resources was not considered in the initial years. This is
approach hae
has
resulted in the rapid depletion of these resources and
continues to threaten the survival of our future generations.

EVOLUTION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

The concept of sustainable development received its first major international recognition in 1972
at the
UN Conference on the Human Environment (UNCHE) held in Stockholm, Sweden. The term was not used
the international
explicitly, but
community agreed that both development and environment could be managed in a mutuallv
beneficial manner.
In 1983, the United Nations created the World Commission on Environment and
Development, which was later known as
the Brundtland Commission. The Prime Minister of Norway at the time, Gro Harlem
Brundtland, was appointed the
chairperson of the commission. The
organisation aimed at identifying the sustainability problems worldwide, raising
awareness about them, and suggesting the implementation of solutions at a global level.

DEFINITION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

In 1987, the Brundtland Commission released the
report Our Common Future, commonly called the 'Brundtland
Report'. The report included one ofthe most widely recognised definitions of sustainable
development:

"Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without
compromising the
ability of future generations to meet their own needs." It contains two key
concepts:
The concept of 'needs', in particular the essential needs of the world's poor, to which overriding priority
should be given.

The idea of limitations imposed by the state of technology and social organisation on the environment's
ability to meet the present and future needs.

World Commission on Environment and Development, Our Common Future (1987

Simply put, sustainable development isa long-term,
integrated approach to development; addressing economic, Sustainable Development
environmental, and social issues while avoiding excess
Improvement
of Preserving
consumption of vital natural resources. Sustainability Sustainable
lifestyles and natural resources
seeks to protect our natural environment, human well-being well-being Development and
ecosystems
and ecological health while driving innovation and not
compromising our way oflife

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UNIT V: GREENSKILS
 cONCEPT OFSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
tland
The r u n t a n d Commission
Con s definition and approach to environmental conservation was completely different from

entional One.Let
uslook at some of the major difterences

Conventional approach Sustalnable development

was considered a separate entity
The environment is where we live and development is what we all
The
environment
from human emotion or action; whereas do to improve our lives. The two are inseparable
detach
development was a term used to scribe political goals
and economic pragress.

nvironmental protetion agencies were added to the Government agencies and major departments (in charge of
ernment structures to address environmental investment, employment, food, energy, and other economic and
suES
social development) play key roles in national decision making.
and consequently in determining whether environmental
resources are maintained, protected, or degraded.

The 5acus was on countering the ill-effects of the policies The focus is on correcting the policies that are the source or root
which caused environmental degradation (cure). cause of adverse environmental effects (prevention).

PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

The principles of sustainable development are based on the integration of environmental, social, and economic
concerns into all aspects of decision making

Living within Promoting Using Ensuringa

environmentalsustainabi good science strong.
linits 9ovemance responsibly healthy, and
just soclety

The Principles of Sustainable Development

As against unchecked development, sustainable development is a carefully planned strategy that promotes growth and
eficient usage of resources while considering immediate and long term benefits for our planet. The aim of sustainable
development is to balance our economic, environmental, and social needs, allowing prosperity for the present and
future generations.

08JECTIVES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

According to United Nations and the affiliated organisations, the main objectives of
1987 sustainable development are:
ECONOMY ENVIRONMENT

ECONOMIc GROWTH: Building a robust and competitive economy; ensuring that

SUSTAINABLE
sufficient land is available to support growth and innovation; identifying and DEVELOPMENT

coordinating other developmental needs.

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION: Protecting and enhancing our natural SOCAL

coMMUNITY

environment, helping to improve biodiversity, using natural resources wisely,

ste nimising waste and pollution, helping to decrease climate change, spearheading a
global shift to a low-carbon economy.

Leamngh Kips 137

SOCIAL INCLUSION:
Creating high-quality development with accessible local services for the community to support
health, social, and cultural its
well-being
CULTURAL DIVERSITY: Building
sensitivity towards allcultures and celebrating diversity
The objectives to achieve effective and sustainable development must be applied simultaneously, Interacting with one
another in a consistent and committed effort.

IMPORTANCE OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

The growth of an economy is considered to be of utmost Changes inAlna
Changihng Ra Migratlen end Lle Cydes
importance. However, the negative impact that unrestrained
Palterns
growth has on the environment is rarely brought to the
forefront. Higher Temperatures
and More BHeat Waves More Dyovnghts
CONSEQUENCES OF UNBALANCED DEVELOPMENT strern
and Wildro

forms

Over the past two decades, economic growth has come at the
expense of the environment. The following points describe
the consequences of unbalanced development: Rising Warmer
Sea Level eans

Earth's natural resources have been used in an inefficient

and wasteful manner, that has resulted in poor air quality
and overall climate change.

Greenhouse gas emissions are rising alarmingly, and the world is on a path to raise the average global temperature
by more than three degrees Celsius in this century itself.

The world is already experiencing the repercussions of climate change, from sea-level rise and melting glaciers to
more extreme weather patterns and destruction of ecosystems and biodiversity.

We are ruthlessly using the earth's resources and the impact is evident to all. We have to reduce our consumption of
natural resources without compromising our quality of life. We need to consume and sustain at the same time. For
instance, if we are cutting a tree to use its wood, we should plant a sapling at the same time- this way we use the
resource. Here, we are using the resource while ensuring that the future generation can also do the same. Thus,
development can never be achieved if the adverse effects are ignored completely.

MEASURES TO BE TAKEN FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Some necessary steps needed for sustainable development are:

Proper use of means and resources

Sustainable development emphasises on the wise use of resources like
minerals, coal, petroleum, water, insecticides, chemical fertilisers, forest
products, etc. This will lead to minimum use of resources for maximum benefit
without wastage. It helps to conserve and protect the environment.

Development of positive attitude and holistic approach towards conservation

Sustainable development brings about changes in people's knowledge, attitude, and skill towards the environment. It

makes people aware of their responsibility to use and preserve natural resources like oceans, forests, land, ecosystems,
etc. It creates a sense that natural resources are commonly shared by all; everyone has a shared responsibility
towards these, and hence, these cannot be used according to one's will. It helps to conserve natural and socia
environment.

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integrated socio-economic development

cces on
stresses the fact that the
the progress of heaith, education,
Sustaina
development
ance
importance
a
for the development of human belngs.
agrlculture, tourism, and social
form is
of prime However, whle doing so,
refor

promotion should also be kept in mind. environment

servation and
conser

based on people's participation

Development
The aim of
development can be achieved only when the maximum number of
sustainable
people participate and
tThis oarticipation creates a feeling of ownership towards development work and enyironment
promo
conc ane ervation
local population.
among the

Limited development

sametimes, development is done more than it is needea. it happens due to the greed of
ant results in the depletion of the already limited non-renewable resources individuals, This undesirahla
develop
promotes the concept of limited development that is not driven by greed.
globally. Sustainable development
Long-lasting development
Suctainable development aims at long-lasting development. It emphasises
without destroying the earth's means and resources.
on
continuing the present development
Applying these strategies for development means that cities must adopt low-carbon
climate-smart agriculture and manufacturing, preservation of natural
growth and public transportation,
resources, greater efficiency in
the use of toxic chemicals, change consumption energy, minimising
patterns, and reduce the generation of waste.
integral part of counteracting climate change, protecting the Sustainability is an
planet in balance.
environment, and keeping the delicate ecosystems of our
Thus, sustainable development is essential because it
helps us to look at our world differently- that
grow, companies should thrive, people should have decent economies should
work, and new innovative
but not at the cost of the environment. technologies should be created,
INTERNATIONAL EFFORTS TO PROMOTE AND IMPLEMENT
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
The United Nations
(UN) is supporting efforts to
climate science, facilitating
assess
(United Nations Framework Convention negotiations under the UNFCCC
on Climate
Change) for a climate agreement, and providing assistance to
countries and communities to reduce
emissions in order to mitigate climate change. To address
UN climate change, the then
Secretary-General, Ban Ki-moon launched a number of initiatives,
including 'Sustainable
Working to help people access clean energy, Energy for All, that is
improve energy efficiency, and increase the use of renewable sources of
energy.

2019
2016 Special Climate Summit will
UN Sustainable Development convene-government,
2015 Summit. World leaders private sector, and civil
The UN Framework adopted the new 2030 soclety will find solutions to
Convention on Climate Agenda of Sustainable accelerate action to combat
Change (UNFCCC). Development Goals (SDGs) In climate change.
1997
1992 A new universal climate 2015 which were brought into
The Kyoto protocol signed.
UN Conference on change agreement in Paris to
force on 1st January 2016.
Legally binds developed
Environment and limit temperature rise below
countrles to reduce
Development in Rio de emissions till 2020.
2 degrees Celslus.

Janeiro. Action
more
plans fora
sustainable pattern of
development.

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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
GOALS (SDGs)
Sustainable Development Goals
17
global goals set by the (SDGs) are the collection of
in 2015 for United Nations General
Assembly
1 2 3 4
the year 2030.
These were
January 2016.
The SDGs have implemented from 1st
been adopted by 193
countries of the United member 6 ANON
Nations. 6 9
Aim of SDGs 10
Achieve a more sustainable
future for all.
11 12
Address the global
climate change, challenges-poverty, inequality,
THE GLOBAL GOALS
For Sustainable Development
environmental degradation,
peace, and justice. prosperity,
13 AATT
ACTEN 14 15 16
Action by all countries,
poor, rich, and middle-income to
promote welfare while
protecting the planet.
Foster economic
growth; address social needs like education, health, social
tackling climate change and environmental protection, and job opportunities while
protection.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT-THE FUTURE
Over the next fifteen
years, countries will mobilise efforts to end all forms of
change, while poverty, fight
inequalities and tackle climate
ensuring that no one is left behind. All countries have to
put significant efforts to attain
in
development goals in order to save our planet. Individuals can also sustainable
contribute to achieving these goals by
changes in their making small
lifestyle
ISUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT-THE CHALLENGES
Sustainabledevelopment requires a lot of concentrated efforts, and its implementation still faces various
Both developed and developing countries are facing numerous problems while challenges
attempting to achieve sustainable
development:
Lack of financial resources to plan and carry out sustainable development.
Sustainable development is often difficult in countries that are
facing extreme challenges. An example can be war-torn
countries that are unable to prioritise sustainable development due to their political conditions. Natural
such
occurrences
as earthquakesand tsunamis, may also pose a threat to
sustainability as their adverse effects can destroy
infrastructure. For example, in the village of Ramche in Nepal, the only source of water was shaken off course by the
earthquake of 2015. Since then, the village has been going a water crisis, and the expenditure on a bottled waster has
gone up.
At times, there is a conflict between immediate profit and investment towards sustainable technologies. For
example, in certain countries, the government has increased financing towards the non-sustainable energy sources
to keep the economy growing and win people's votes, which is a short term view. They are refusing to adopt
sustainable energy sources which make better economic sense in the long-term.

Corruption is another challenge. Funding to developing countries usually provided through foreign grants may 8et
misdirected due to bureaucracy and corruption.

Lack of effort at the local government level may also prevent the implementation ofthe goals.

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Computers
 Another key challenge is ensuring responsibil and accountability in achie
ing sustainab
equires linking
regional, national, and international scales to assess if countries are developmer This
meeting the goals.
extreme sustainable consumption and
poverty, promoting
Eradic
dicating production, and managing the
are the overarching challenges of sustainable planet's natural
resource
base development. Sustainable
unity for the world communities to deliver inclusive growtn, development is
eliminate a
historic
approaches to economic development,
poverty, and reduce the risk of
hange by changing climate

Sustainable development is
Recap development
without compromising the ability of future
that meets the
needs of the
present
generations to meet their own needs.
Conventionally, the environment was consiaered a separate entity, detached from
whereas development was a term used to describe human emotion or action:
political goals and economic
progress.
Tho canceot of sustainable development is that the environment is where we live
and
all do to improve our lives. development is what we
The obiectives of sustainable development are economic growth, environmental
and cuitural diversity. protection, social inclusion,
The objectives to achieve effective and sustainable development must be
with one another in a consistent and committed effort. applied simultaneously, interacting
The principles of sustainable development are based on the integration of
concerns into al aspects of decision making.
environmental, social, and economic
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are the collection of 17
global goals set by the United Nations General
Assembly in 2015 for the year 2030. These were implemented from 1st
January, 2016.
The major challenges of sustainable growth are
eradicating extreme poverty, promoting sustainable
consumption and production, and managing the planet's natural resource base.

ASSESSMENT TIME
A. Multiple Choice Questions:
T h e United Nations created the World Commission on Environment and Development, which was later known
as the.. . Commission.

a. Stockland b. Switzerland C. Brundtland d. None of these

2. Sustainable development is a long-term, * **********'****'"****'**'****"" approach to development.

a. Excessive b. Submissive CIntegrated d. All of these

3, According to the concept of sustainable development, the environment and development are

. ISSUes.

c. Independent d. None of these

a.Inseparable b. Separate
that the
correcting the policies
are
is
4. The focus of sustainable development
adverse environmental effects.
b. Root cause
C. Solutions d. None of these
a. Results
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 celebrating diversity is called
cuitures and
5. towards all
Ouiding sensitivity
cCultural diversityy
a. Economic growth
d. Soclalinclusion
b. Environmental protection
raise the average global termnn.
expected to
6 RISing greenhouse gas
emissions are
itself
by more than
degrees Celsius in this century
C. Ten d. Minus three
a. Three b. Five

Secretary-General Ban
Ki moon is
The initiative launched by UN
b. Sustainable development for all
a. Sustainable energy for all
d. Prosperity for all
c. Universal development for all
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are the collection of. ******a********
global goals set by
the
United Nations General Assembly.
b. 15
C.17 d. 18
a..12
9The objectives of sustainable development are economic growth, environmental
mental ne.
protection,
, and cultural diversity.

b. Social Inclusion c. Social Exclusion d. None of these

a. Social Security

10.Development is a term used to describe political goals and. ** "********************* .. progress.

a. conomic b. Social C. Environmental d. All of these

B. Fill in the Blanks:

The concept of sustainabie development received its first major international recognition at the UN Conferenca
ence
on the Human Environment held in.. . l.A..
2. E.T N *************
. . was the chairperson of the Brundtland Commission.

In 1987, the Brundtland Commission released the report, . M N. c o m m o n l y called the

3
Brundtland Report'.
Conventionally, the environment was considered a. .. .
emotion or action.

5. In sustainable development, the objective of. . is attained by creating high-quality

development with accessible local services for the community.

6. Funding to developing countries usually provided through foreign grants may get misdirected due to

.. . . and.. .f.is... .
7. The key to using resources in sustainable development is the minimum use of resources for the maximum
benefit without.... a .*********** '

8. The SDGs have been adopted by . ************ *****.**********. member countries of the United Nations.

9. People's. . Createsa feeling

of ownership towards development work and
environment conservation among the local population.

10. The undesirable development results in the depletion of the already limited kaal... A.esources
globally
ANSWERS
A. Multiple Cholce Questlons
1.c 2.c 3.a 4.b 5.C 6. a 7.a 8.c 9.b 10.a
B. Fll in the Blanks
1. Stockholm 2. Gro Harlem Brundtland 3.Our Common Future 5. Social inclusion
4.Separate
6. Bureaucracy, Corruption 7. Wastage 8. 193 9. Participation 10. Non-renewable

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 Answer the Following Questions-(soLVED)
C.
sustainable development?
1. Definite
ustainable the development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the
Ans
to meet their own needs.
ability of future generations
are the two key concepts
of sustainable development?
What
contains two key concepts:
Ans.Sustainable Development
The concept of 'needs'; in particular the essential needs of the world's poor, to which overriding priority
should be given.
The idea of limitations imposed by the state of technology and soclal organisation on the environment's
ability to meet present and future needs.
Name the four objectives of sustainable development.
Ans.The four objectives of sustainable development are economic growth, environmental protection, social
inclusion, and cultural diversity.
sustainable development ensure economic growth?
4 How does

Ans Sustainable development ensures economic growth by building a robust and competitive economy; ensuring
that sufficient land is available to support growth and innovation; identifying and coordinating other
developmental needs.

What does sustainable resource teach us about the use of resources?

Ans.Sustainable development teaches the minimum use of resourcesfor the maximum benefit without wastage. It
helps to conserve and protect the environment.
6. What measures will cities have to adopt to protect the environment, while ensuring development?
Ans.Cities must adopt low-carbon growth and public transportation, climate-smart agriculture and
manufacturing, preservation of natural resources, greater efficiency in energy, minimising the use of toxic
chemicals, change consumption patterns, and reduce the generation of waste.
Natural occurrences can pose a threat to sustainability. Explain.
Ans. Natural occurrences, such as earthquakes and tsunamis may pose a threat to sustainability as their adverse
effects can destroy infrastructure.

8. How can it be ensured that countries are achieving the sustainable development goals?
Ans. Ensuring responsibility and accountability of countries requires linking regional, national, and international
scales to assess if countries are meeting the goals.
9 What are the major challenges of sustainable growth?
Ans.The major challenges of sustainable growth are eradicating extreme poverty, promoting sustainable
consumption and production, and managing the planet's natural resource base.
D. Answer the Following Questions-(UNSsOLVED)
1. Write the difference between the conventional approach to address environmental issues and sustainable
development.
2. What are the principles of sustainable development?
3. Write in detail about the four objectives of sustainable development.
4. How has unrestrained development in the last two decades affected the environment?
5. Describe some of the social and economic challenges facing the world today.
6. Write two lines each about the important features of sustainable development.
7. What is the aim of the member countries of the United Nations in implementing sustainable goals?
8. Name any three sustainable goals which you think are relevant to your country. What should the country do in
order to implement these?
9. How is sustainable development a historic opportunity for the world communities to come together for a
common cause?
10. What are the problems faced by developing countries with regard to sustainable development?

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 E.
Application Based Questions-(UNSOLVED)
C
Da e bserved that some of your classmates waste a ot of paper (throwing away books with unused
OUusing only one side of the paper in their drawing books) How will you ensure that this wastage is
stopped
and the paperi s used in a sustainable way?
e some changes that you will adopt to contribute towards achieving sustainable development?
3
School canteen throws away some leftover food every day in the garbage bin. Is there any way to
e o u s l y reducethe garbage and sustainably reuse the leftovers

ACTIViY ZONE For Better Concept Clarity

Follow the link http://in.one.un.org/page/sustainable-development-goals/ and find out about what India
s doing to achieve each of the 17 sustainable goals as part of the United Nations 2030 Agenda. Make a

Worksheet on the same

Make the following posters and display them on a notice board in the common area of your school.

ZER HUNGER 2 ALECLEMN BIRST

sOEOPE
OTSPS
. A Y LE
AA HLE
EHSTA SURE EVERNE
cCESs To aEAN, A E L E ENERGr!

O O r oT ONE SORT OF FOOO

ESPECAU

soURCES
FROM
SUN
wIND

WATER

S A T E CAN DO AoUT IT!

ENT GE
NATLRRL bisASTERS

WEMUSTwORK TOGETHER TO
DEVEOPTERNATE ENERGYTEOHNOLOGIES,
PROMOTE ENERGY ETYIIENCY AND KEP
coUNTRIES EXPAND THEIR ENERGY SYSTEMS
INA SUSTAINABLE WAY

C. Divide the students into groups of four each. Ask them to prepare models on any of the given topics
Rainwater Harvesting Drip/sprinkler irrigation Vermicompost Solar energy

GROUP DISCUSSION
A. Divide the class into 17 groups. Assign a sustainable goal to each of the groups.
Let them discuss what they can do as individuals to attain the goal. Each group can share their ideas with
the other groups.
B. Have a group discussion on how your city or community can become sustainable. List some of the
challenges faced by your city in implementing sustainability.

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