OPERATING SYSTEM/MOBILE OS

A SEMINAR REPORT SUBMITTED IN THE FULFILLMENT OF THE

REQUIREMENT
FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
Submitted By : MUDIT VERMA
Roll no: 6319016
Under the supervision of
Mr. Tejbir singh

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING

GURU NANAK INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, MULLANA
AFFILIATED TO
KURUKSHETRA UNIVERSITY, HARYANA
2019-2023
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The success and final outcome of this seminar required a lot of
guidance and assistance from many people and I am extremely
fortunate to have got this all along the completion of my
seminar report. Whatever I have done is only due to such
guidance and assistance and I would not forget to thank them.
I heartily thank Mr. Sidharth Arora Head of CSE Department,
for his guidance and suggestion during this seminar report.
I owe my profound gratitude to my seminar coordinators Mr.
Tejbir Rana who took keen interest in my seminar report and
guided me all along till the completion of my seminar report by
providing all the necessary information for developing a good
system.
I am thankful to and fortunate enough to get constant
encouragement, support and guidance from all the staffs of CSE
department which help me in successful completing my seminar
report.
Last but not the least; I would like to extend my regards to all
my dear friends for their timely support and encouragement.

Mudit Verma

Roll no. : 6319016

CANDIDATE’S DECLARATION
 

I Mudit Verma of B.Tech. (Semester IV) of

Guru nanak Institute of Technology, Mullana hereby
declares that the Seminar Report entitled “ Operating
System ” is an original work and data provided in the
study is authentic to the best of my knowledge. This
report has been not submitted to any other Institute for
the award of any other degree.

Mudit Verma

6319016

Abstract
The operating system is the performance of a computer
system hardware abstraction, through which people
control the hardware, and to use the resources of the
computer system. Course groups is proposed, using a
variety of measures to uphold the theory and practice,
both innovative strategies to improve teaching
effectiveness, develop computer applications personnel.
In order to cultivate the students' basic knowledge,
practical ability, innovation and system design capability
for the subject to course through software and hardware
as a method, the computer circuit basis, computer
composition principle, embedded system design,
operating system, compiler theory melt together five
courses, top-down design course group knowledge,
transfer of knowledge from the bottom up, from the inside
out, from parts to whole again to the system, layers, and
eventually fall into place. As a result, links between
courses are strengthened, and the students' computer
systems analysis and design capability and innovation is
improved.
 Contents
Introduction

Types of O.S

Types of modes in O.S

Attributes of file

Memory management

Mobile O.S

Share market of mobile O.S

Android versions

Advantages/Disadvantages

Introduction to operating system(OS)

An operating system is a system software that act as an
interference b/w computer hardware components and the
user.
An operating system is a software which performs all
basics task like file management , memory management ,
and some peripheral devices such as disk drivers and
printers.

Types of O.S
There are many types of operating system but most
common operating systems are-
Microsoft windows
Linux
Apple Mac OS
Android
Apple iOS
Microsoft windows

Microsoft created the Windows operating

system in the mid-1980s. There have been
many different versions of Windows, but the
most recent ones are Windows 10 (released in
2015), Windows 8 (2012), Windows 7 (2009),
and Windows Vista (2007). Windows comes
pre-loaded on most new PCs, which helps to
make it the most popular operating system in
the world.
Linux

Linux is a family of open-source operating

systems, which means they can be modified
and distributed by anyone around the world.
This is different from proprietary software like
Windows, which can only be modified by the
company that owns it. The advantages of
Linux are that it is free, and there are many
different distributions—or versions—you can
choose from.
Apple MacOS
macOS is a line of operating systems created by
Apple. It comes preloaded on all Macintosh
computers, or Macs. Some of the specific versions
include Mojave (released in 2018), High Sierra
(2017), and Sierra (2016).
Android
Android is a mobile operating system based on a
modified version of the Linux kernel and other open
source software, designed primarily for touchscreen
mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets.
Apple ios
Apple iOS is the operating system for iPhone, iPad
and other Apple mobile devices. Based on Mac OS,
the operating system which runs Apple's line of Mac
desktop and laptopcomputers, Apple iOS is designed
for easy, seamless networking between Apple
products.
Two modes of operation in operating system
User mode : The system is in user mode when the
operating system is running a user application such
as handling a text editor. The transition from user
mode to kernel mode occurs when the application
requests the help of operating system or an interrupt
or a system call occurs.

Kernel mode : The system starts in kernel mode

when it boots and after the operating system is
loaded, it executes applications in user mode. There
are some privileged instructions that can only be
executed in kernel mode.
These are interrupt instructions, input output
management etc. If the privileged instructions are
executed in user mode, it is illegal and a trap is
generated.
Necessity of dual mode

The lack of a dual mode i.e. user mode and

kernel mode in an operating system can cause
serious problems. Some of these are a running
user program can accidentally wipe out the
operating system by overwriting it with user
data.
Multiple processes can write in the same system
at the same time, with disastrous results.
These problems could have occurred in the MS-
DOS operating system which had no mode bit
and so no dual mode.
Attributes of a file

Name . It is the only information which is in human-

readable form.
Identifier. The file is identified by a unique
tag(number) within file system.
Type. It is needed for systems that support different
types of files.
Location. Pointer to file location on device.
Size. The current size of the file.
Protection. This controls and assigns the power of
reading, writing, executing.
Time, date, and user identification. This is the data
for protection, security, and usage monitoring.
Memory management
Main Memory refers to a physical memory that is
the internal memory to the computer. The word main
is used to distinguish it from external mass storage
devices such as disk drives. Main memory is also
known as RAM. The computer is able to change
only data that is in main memory. Therefore, every
program we execute and every file we access must
be copied from a storage device into main memory.
All the programs are loaded in the main memory for
execution. Sometimes complete program is loaded
into the memory, but some times a certain part or
routine of the program is loaded into the main
memory only when it is called by the program, this
mechanism is called Dynamic Loading, this enhance
the performance.
Also, at times one program is dependent on some
other program. In such a case, rather than loading all
the dependent programs, CPU links the dependent
programs to the main executing program when its
required. This mechanism is known as Dynamic
Linking.
Virtual memory

In case, if a computer running the Windows

operating system needs more memory or RAM than
the memory installed in the system then it uses a
small portion of the hard drive for this purpose.
Suppose there is a situation when your computer
does not have space in the physical memory, then it
writes things that it needs to remember into the hard
disk in a swap file and that as virtual memory.
Mobile O.S
A mobile operating system is an operating system
that helps to run other application software on
mobile devices. It is the same kind of software as the
famous computer operating systems like Linux and
Windows, but now they are light and simple to some
extent.
Popular mobile platforms
1.Android OS: The Android operating system is the
most popular operating system today. It is a mobile
OS based on the Linux Kernel and open-source
software. The android operating system was
developed by Google. The first Android device was
launched in 2008.
2. Bada (Samsung Electronics): Bada is a Samsung
mobile operating system that was launched in 2010.
The Samsung wave was the first mobile to use the
Bada operating system. The Bada operating system
offers many mobile features, such as 3-D graphics,
application installation, and multipoint-touch.
3. BlackBerry OS: The BlackBerry operating system
is a mobile operating system developed by Research
In Motion (RIM). This operating system was
designed specifically for BlackBerry handheld
devices. This operating system is beneficial for the
corporate users because it provides synchronization
with Microsoft Exchange, Novell GroupWise email,
Lotus Domino, and other business software when
used with the BlackBerry Enterprise Server.
4. iPhone OS / iOS: The iOS was developed by the
Apple inc for the use on its device. The iOS
operating system is the most popular operating
system today. It is a very secure operating system.
The iOS operating system is not available for any
other mobiles.
5. Symbian OS: Symbian operating system is a
mobile operating system that provides a high-level
of integration with communication. The Symbian
operating system is based on the java language. It
combines middleware of wireless communications
and personal information management (PIM)
functionality. The Symbian operating system was
developed by Symbian Ltd in 1998 for the use of
mobile phones. Nokia was the first company to
release Symbian OS on its mobile phone at that time.
6. Windows Mobile OS: The window mobile OS is a
mobile operating system that was developed by
Microsoft. It was designed for the pocket PCs and
smart mobiles.
7. Harmony OS: The harmony operating system is
the latest mobile operating system that was
developed by Huawei for the use of its devices. It is
designed primarily for IoT devices.
8. Palm OS: The palm operating system is a mobile
operating system that was developed by Palm Ltd
for use on personal digital assistants (PADs). It was
introduced in 1996. Palm OS is also known as the
Garnet OS.
9. WebOS (Palm/HP): The WebOS is a mobile
operating system that was developed by Palm. It
based on the Linux Kernel. The HP uses this
operating system in its mobile and touchpads.
Mobile operating systems' market share
worldwide from January 2012 to June 2021
Android maintained its position as the leading
mobile operating system worldwide in June 2021,
controlling the mobile OS market with a close to 73
percent share. Google’s Android and Apple’s iOS
jointly possess over 99 percent of the global market
share.
Android Versions
The development of the Android operating system
was started in 2003 by Android, Inc. Later on, it was
purchased by Google in 2005. The beta version of
Android OS was released on November 5, 2007,
while the software development kit (SDK) was
released on November 12, 2007.
Recently , android 12 is on beta testing so that was
not released yet.
Advantages
Computing Source
An operating system acts as an interface between the user and the hardware. It
allows users to input data, process it, and access the output. Besides, through
the operating system, users can communicate with computers to perform
various functions such as arithmetic calculations and other significant tasks.

User-Friendly Interface
Windows operating system, when it came into existence, also introduces
Graphical User Interface (GUI), which made using computers much more
natural than earlier Command Line Interface. Moreover, users can quickly
understand, interacts, and communicate with computer machines.

Resource Sharing
Operating systems allow the sharing of data and useful information with other
users via Printers, Modems, Players, and Fax Machines. Besides, a single user
can share the same data with multiple users at the corresponding time via
mails. Also, various apps, images, and media files can be transferred from PC to
other devices with the help of an operating system.

No Coding Lines

With the invention of GUI, operating systems allow accessing hardware without
writing programs. Unlike, earlier users don’t have to write code of lines to
access the hardware functionality of a computer system.

Safeguard of Data
There’s a lot of user data stored on the computer, and that can only be
accessed with the help of an OS. Besides, storing and accessing the data,
another important task of an OS is to safely and securely manage the data. For
example, Windows Defender in Microsoft Windows detects malicious and
harmful files and removes them. Also, it secures your data by storing them with
a bit to bit encryption.
Software Update

An operating system is a software which needs to update

regularly to control high fleeting features that are continually
increasing. With other apps and software hitting updates to
improve their functionality, OS must improve their
benchmarks and handle all the working of a computer. An OS
can easily be updated without any complexity.

MultitaskinAn operating system can handle several tasks simultaneously. It

allows users to carry out different tasks at the same point in time.

Disadvantages
Expensive

When compared to the open-source platforms like Linux,

some operating systems are costly. While users can use a
free OS but generally they are a bit difficult to run than
others. Moreover, operating systems such as Microsoft
Windows with GUI functionality and other in-built features
carry a costly price tag.

System Failure

If the central operating system fails, it will affect the whole

system, and the computer will not work. Moreover, an OS is
the heart of a computer system without which it cannot
function. If the central system crashes, the whole
communication will be halted, and there will be no further
processing of data.

Highly Complex
Operating systems are highly complex, and the language
which used to establish these OS are not clear and well
defined. Besides, if there’s an issue with OS users cannot
directly understand, and it cannot be resolved quickly.

Virus Threats

Threats to the operating systems are higher as they are open

to such virus attacks. Many users download malicious
software packages on their system which halts the
functioning of OS and slow it down.

Fragmentation

Fragmentation in the computer is a state when storage

memory breaks into pieces. Internal fragmentation occurs
when the method of process is larger than the memory size.
External fragmentation occurs when the method or process
eliminates.

So, these are the following advantages and disadvantages of

the operating system. If you have any other queries or
related doubt, then please let us know in the comment box
below.