Advanced MARKET LEADER Business English Practice File John Rogers FT Publishing @ FINANCIALTIMES RANG PEARSONContents ‘WORD POWER Use of English: keyword transformations Collocations d BR owen Vocabulary review page 10 page 16 page 22 page 28 page 34 Use of English: sets of three sapped sentences Compounds. Use of English: transformations Marketing words and phrases Use of English: sets of three gapped sentences ‘compounds Work wards, synonyms and compounds Use of English: sets of three gapped sentences Ethies words Opposites Word formation Use of English: keyword transformations ‘TEXT AND GRAMMAR Reading for structure and detait Adverbs Tense review Prepositions Reading: structure and discourse features Editing Determiners Dependent prepositions Editing Relative pronouns Relative clauses Verb +-Ing form or infinitive Reading for structure and detail Editing Modals Use ofEngtish: keyword transformations ‘SKILLS AND. PRONUNCIATION Writing: formal vs informal styles Istening practice: identifying function Connected speech: elison of /t/ and /d/ writing a report Listening practi Connected speech: consonant-vowel links Using stress to correct Information Linkers Report writing Note-making Useful meeting phrases Writing a PowerPoint side based fon script, Ustening practice: identifying function Gist and intensive listening practice Identitying stressed syllables Linkers Writing a report Identifying stress patterns Wetting a report Listening practice 1: identifying function Listening practice 2: listening for gist Pronunciation of modal perfectsFinance words ra EINES | compounds and coliocations page 40 Bees oe utiword veros page 46 Use of English: keyword transformations Use of Engiish: sets of thee gapped sentences tiie Bing e 52 790 Compounds Text completion Internet words and phrases UNIT 10 Cr Eres page 58 Words to do with new business Use of English: sets of three gapped sentences Readi structure page 64 ‘vocabulary and Project management words Cee Eats Collocations myocar Prepositions page 70 ANSWER KEY: eae Multi-word verbs Text completion The definite article Ellipsis Conditional sentences Error identification Use of English: keyword transformations Editing Error identification Reading for structure and detail Reading: structure and discourse features ‘Noun phrases Cleft sentences Editing Text reference Error identification Use of English: keyword transformations Writing a report Intensive listening. Linkers and discaurse markers Listening practice Useful negotiation phrases Contractions in conditional sentences, Reviewing Linkers Connected speech: linking with if Highlighting information Writing a report Listening for sist Letter writing: chasing payment Letter wr apologising Using stress to correct Information Intensive listening Writing a press release Connected speech: ‘consonant-vowel links Ider ing stress patterns4YaMOd GYOM o& @@ First impressions LEY complete the second sentence in each pair so that it has approximately the same meaning as the first sentence. Use between two and five words, including the word given, and a word related to one of the words in the first sentence. 1 Sue's very experienced in giving PowerPoint presentations. (considerable) sue.has considerable experience of giving PowerPoint presentations. 2 The presenter failed to emphasise the benefits ofthe reforms. (place) The presenter failed to coenthe benefits ofthe reforms. 3. Ihave arranged for our guests to be met at the airport. (made) Ihave. our guests to be met at the airport. 4 Asfarasiknow, the seminarhas been postponed. (best) To. + the seminar has been postponed. 5 Could you briefly summarise the main points of the meeting forus? (brief) Could you give of the main points of the meeting? 6 They plano publish the eport next month. (scheduled) The report next month. 7 The debate was hastily concluded. (hasty) The debate was brought to 8 Do you think you could guide me a bit on how to structure my speech? (some) Do you think you could. fon how to structure my speech? 9 These reforms will significantly reduce government spending. (significant) These reforms will make government spending. 10 We bought these laser jet printers to replace our old dot matrixones. (as) We bought these laser jet printers ‘our old ones, 11 Ms Wilkinson heads the Human Resources department. (of) Ms Wilkinson is the Human Resources department1 tomake UNIT ++ FIRSTIMPRESSIONS. El cross out the word which does not normally go with the keyword in the bubble, to deliver, 2 avis iting a publicity = todo 3 aresponsive ahostile 5 toinvite tore —=__ a Tian to delegate Battend Complete the sentences with the correct form of a collocation from Exercise B. 1 Rehearsing........his.SP&th........for three days before the conference had ‘greatly boosted his self-confidence. 2 Thetaskor.... .-seeseeI6 offen t0 Introduce the theme of a conference and give the main tlk. 3 Just because people did not clap frantically does not mean that you had 4 The almof. Is to encourage and energise the audience. ‘The audience had been rather quiet so | did not expect them. at me at the end of my talk. 6 Weare pleased to announce that our next will be nay. Complete each sentence with the best word. 1. Itisa good idea to make eye contact with your audience but you should avoid a) watching +b) staring peeping 2. Insome culture, when people seem to. their heads in agreement, itdoes not necessarily mean that they agree with you. a) nod b) lean fold 3 felt rather ied during the talk and my mind soon began to. a) slouch 1) wander ©) distract boo into an od frend at the conference. |hade't een him fr ages. 3) crashed ») owed ©) bumped 5 The manager had allegedly been involved it. no-n dealings with cash payments in brown envelopes. a) sleazy b) referral ©) selfless 6 Apresenter needs to think about... example, the way they stand, the ‘way in which they can be upright but nt rigid the way they take charge ofthe space. a) gesture b) posture ©) figure 4aMOd GUOMUVWWVU9 ONY LX3L UNIT1 +> FIRSTIMPRESSIONS EY complete the article below with some of the sentences a-h. You will only need six of the eight sentences. 2) Apresentation cannot be successful unless it takes the needs and interests of the audience into account. 'b) Having a clear objective in view enables you to map out the most convenient route to get to your destination, ©) Once you have established that, you can prioritise your material. 4) In addition, make sure you plan carefully how you are going to introduce yourself €) twill also affect the manner in which we choose to deliver our talk. ) Most presenters fee! more relaxed if they have had the opsortunity to go to the conference venue beforehand. 8) Ofcourse, its better to plan in advance when you want to deal with questions. fh) With such information, you can tailor both the style and the content of your talk to your audience's expectations. PREPARING FORYOUR PRESENTATION What you really need to think about before you face your audience Before you actually get down tothe seem to agree that it i only secondary to nitty-gritty of planning the presentation the human factor. itself, you need to reflect on a number ‘Which brings us to the second question of crucial questions. First of all, ask pare Die ae ‘we should all be asking ourselves atthe planning stage: Who are the audience? £ What you say has to be appropriate not only to your aim but also to your audienee ‘yourself what exactly your aim is. ‘You can then decide how ‘many stages are necessary to get there, ‘hat the aim of each individual stage is and how each one contributes to your overall aim, FInother words, ‘Therefore, ts always a good idea to you can sift the essential data from find out as much as you ean about the the est and get rid of any irelevant or audience well hefore you face them. unnecessary detail, ‘You can aso anticipate how ‘much they already know about your topic However, content and structure are oe and so pitch your talk atthe right level not everything. The talks we give are not just about a certain topic, they also Finally, never underestimate the have a specitic purpose. Talks may be importance of the physical environment delivered in order to convey information, in Which you will deliver your talk, to persuade, to spur people ito action or * Walking around the room for countless other reasons. Obviously, where your talk is going to be will help the purpose of our talk will have a you focus on your audience rather than significant effect on the language we 00 your surroundings, This also gives use, 02 Although the you the chance to check that all the importance of clea aims eannot be ‘equipment you need is there and isin overstated, most experienced presenters working order,EE insert (9) each of the adverbs 1-8 in the corresponding underlined text the article below. 1. absolutely actively actually afterwards badly barely forever physically UNIT1 +» FIRSTIMPRESSIONS The careerist: Why are first impressions so important? Corinne Mills, Managing Director of Personal Career Management, explains that people do not just hold on to first impressions, they also_seck to reinforce then. “If Yyou make a good first impression, people will look forthe best in you If you make a bad or indifferent first impression, you have 10 work so much harder” How should I prepare? “sal visual to start off with, says Ms Mills "You need a lok that contemporary and appropeate you're starting new job, then thi isthe time to get anew suit and a new hateut If you look up-to-date, ‘others will believe that Your ideas and thinking are up-to-date: people ddosmake these asstinptions.” First impressions Louise Mowbray, a personal branding consultant, says vou need to ensure you are relaxed? “Body Tanguage does tlie: ensure you're relaxed when you meet someone ~ and make sure you don’t have to run to meetings.” How should I behave? “Treat people as though they are your peers,” advises Ms. Mills. "Don’t be too deferential or cocky. Have a sense of ell” What are the main pitfalls? You need 10 be authentic. Unrealistic embellishments will not help your confidence and can create future problems, “Don't put jouself in a positon where vou' having 10 cover_up," says Ms Mowbray. Finally, remember that good -manners go a long way — so do not take mobile phone calls unless you haveto™. ‘What if things are going’? ‘Irs worth asking the other person,” says Ms Mills. ‘Say something like, “Am I missing something?” This, she explains, shows both confidence and sensitivity, “L had client who had a job interview ‘ith a chief executive who looked thin’ After a while, he asked, "Is something wrong?” and the guy said, “Didn’t anyone tell you hefore ‘you came in? My father ust died.” ‘After that the interview went oka} and he got the job Publishing UVWWVUd ONY LXaLNOILVIDNNNOUd GNY STIS: UNIT. +» FIRSTIMPRESSIONS ‘Match the informal phrases 1-6 with the formal phrases a-f. 1 2 aun Because of a) Please find enclosed Can you tell us more ) Please let us know your exact about...? requirements. Here are ©) We regret to inform you that... I've got some bad news. &) Owing to What exactiy do you need? €) We are pleased to inform you that. ve got some good news. f) We would be grateful ifyou could send us further information about... [The e-mail below is inappropriate because it uses an informal writing style. Rewrite completely us ig the formal phrases in the box to replace the underlined items. attend the event ‘We are writing to inform you With best wishes you could confirm your talk at your earliest convenience We would be honoured Please do not hesitate to contact me We realise this isa topic close to your own heart should you require further details We would be extremely grateful From: Frances Reynolds To: Dieter Fuchs Date: 48th September Subject: Conference: Beyond Culture Shock Dear Mr Fuchs, ‘This is just to let you know’ that the Chamber of Commerce in Birmingham is hosting a one-day event early next month on the subject of ‘Beyond Culture Shock’ We know this is the kind of stuff you are interested in’ following the recent merger of the Savings Bank of Salzburg with the Midlands Savings Bank and the intercultural issues that subsequently arose. It would be great” if you could ‘come* and give a plenary talk to the business community at large. ‘Thanks in advance" for letting us know as soon as possible it vou can make. Please find attached a speaker's proposal form. Just get in touch with mer ityou need mare it ig Allthe best, Frances Reynolds Events Manager Birmingham Chamber of Commerce {ranreynolés@msb.co.ukUNIT1 »> FIRST IMPRESSIONS Work out the difference between the sentences in each pair. 1 Weneed a radical management shake-up. ‘What we need isa radical management shake-up. 2 [really liked the way she kept in touch with her audience. twas the way she kept in touch with her audience that | really liked. Rewrite the sentences in the same way as in Exercise C. 1m looking forward to 2 good networking function. They don’t lke slang or colloquialisms, ‘Your rapport with the audience matters most. | didn’t tke the sort of questions they asked me. ‘They expect a high-tech presentation. 401 Listen to the different presenters and de + Write one letter (a-f) next to the number ofthe speaker * You will have to use some letters twice Speaker 1 a) introducing the main topic Speaker 2 ) turning to anew topic Speaker 3. ©) going back toa previous point Speaker 4 @) ‘referring to visuals Speaker 5. ©) dealing with questions Speaker 6 concluding the presentation Speaker 7 Speaker 422 Listen to the examples. Notice where /t/ and / d//tend to disappear. 1. Pleased to meet you. 2. Our website's just been updated. 3. Sorry, | didn’ quite catch your last point. {Explanation speech, // and /d / often disappear when they are between two other consonants, This is called elision. An awareness of elision can help you understand rapid speech better, Cross out the letters in these sentences that may disappear during rapi speech. Its hard to say which aspects are the most positive, The second talk focused particularly on deregulation. Last summer we worked together on a research project. The first presentation wasr't very difficult to understand, 5. wouldn't say itwas the greatest networking event Ive ever attended, 413 Listen and check your answers. Then listen again and practise the sentences. NOLLVISNNNOYd GNY STIS¥aMOd GUOM Te y 10 Training TY Match the nouns 1-6 with the nouns a-f to make common compounds. 1 BN an work » development vocational ©) training team 4) placement performance ©) resources human 4) appraisal TE] complete the clues with a compound from Exercise A. 1 2 3 4 5 ‘ Itis about your growth as an employee. = professional development. Itteaches you the skills you need to do a particular job. = Itis an opportunity to evaluate your work and to get feedback. =. Itis similar to an internship. It means the same as ‘personnel’. = Ithelps people work more efficiently together. = [cross out the word which does not normally go with the keyword in the bubble, 1 to study fo toconfer 2 online tuition ~~ ~ Se = so a ae = oe To obtain Uessng distance 3 toeducate one's _to pursue a 4 todo _- toenter re a _ a tochoosea toembark ona tori Togoon gualification __ tocreate assertiveness ~ votational totakeup to futhit LE complete the sentences with the correct form of a collocation from Exercise C. 1 2 An honorary.degree. was conferred on her by Harvard in 2003. is the activity of seeking out new knawiedge or developing a skill and participating in educational activities until retirement and beyond, What advice would you give to a person. coneeeenin your field of work or study? The Business institute. part-time MBA since 1999. helps you behave and express your opinions more confidently. Owing to an unexpected surge in demand, we have had to tennewUNIT2 *> TRAINING T_ complete this crossword puzzle. [ J t | fo] J xm im [ 0 R K s T [ v| jr 'v Across 2 Ifyou things, you arrange them ina dfferent way (5) 3. itis good idea to re-read yourmessage before you... ol @) 6 Ifyou your skis, you improve or refine ther. (4) 7 YOU nse SOMEONE OF SOMething YOU notice them. 2) 8 HYOUs usu SOMEONES progres, you “cord thelr development ver a period of time. (5) 9 Some people use academic’ inthe Sense of .o..1n nn ffom practic’ (8) 10 IFsome0ne uss thoy have many diferent ski. (9) Down 1 The sense ofa word sits negative meaning. (10) 4 lfyou eet to new ideas, you have the chance to experience them. (7) 5. Ifyou connect the _ you realise that something is related to something else. (4) Complete the webpage with the words from the box. choice employers feedback graduates role skilled _work RateMyPlacement.co.uk By creating a website that allows students to review work placements, Olver Sidwell is leading an intern revolution and giving power to sometimes voiceless student employer ‘Along with three friends from university, Oliver Sidwell set up RateMyPlacement.co.uk to help students find the right...... Werk...” placements and internships. Placements are assesses through unique, dolailed peer-to-peer 2, allowing previous interns to review the so their ‘successors can make bettor-informed choices. As well as guiding students and ‘tothe best placements, the website encourages businesses to make thelr inlemships more rewarding and ‘worthwhile (rather than leaving their new staff permanently stationed at the photocopie'). The website Js now a valuable resource for * and future employees alike, giving grester power and freedom of § to interns and providing a pool of. ? and motivated potential ‘employees to recrulters, nu ‘4IMOd GYOMUVWWY49 ONY LXaL UNIT2 »> TRAINING R HY complete the text with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. “‘In-see-Ad?’ ‘No, I've. never heard. (never / hear) of it.’ Soon after 1 (begin) the process of telling my family. fiends, employer and even dentist that I 3 (leave) the US vo moveto Insead’s Singaporecampus ‘and study on its MBA programme, (i # (discover) that ‘my acquaintances in the US z 5 (tend) to be more ‘provincial in their understanding of business schools, Ina few weeks from now, I * (leave) my home in smalldown New fersey. US, to Join the Singapore cohort. How lid [a young professional born, raised and educated in the US, make the decision to study for an Intemational MBA? Istudiedin NorthCarolina where 1 & * (@ovelop) a een interest in international afairs. During my undergraduate years, I * (study) ‘overseas. in London. And later I 2 (accept) the ‘opportunity to work in Waterloo, Belgium, the European head quarters for Johnson & Johnson, where I managed technology solutions for J&'s medical Bevices SeCIOF Toscarsiseesnrnl™ (retwm) 10 the North American headquarers where T created a similar platform While 1 1 (be) still in Belgium a senior manager hhad urged me to apply t0 Inse and T rapidly... (realise) that the sehool was the place Where I cond continue my development towards an international career. ‘The existence of Insead’s Singapore campus... {amake) the sehool that much snore compelling because of my desire fo have a global understanding of business which up until then (only / include) ‘North America and Europe Publishing FINANCIAL Ties EE complete the sentences with suitable prepositions. 1. After | left school with four ‘k'levels, | went to-do a degree acai. acsuue French: Business Studies. 2. Younneed to have passion understanding. anything you want to do. 3. Ive just finished studying Madrid University 4 Interns back home get paid month. 5 Asaresult ‘downturn starting to spend less money. 6 The company relies. information activity 7 The Chinese appliance maker Haier has risen collective enterprise 25 years ago companies in China, York University. what you do, as well as having a good what's going on in the marketplace. This applies allinguistics degree average about 500 euros the economy, people are branded consumer goods. its sales force... timely market product sales, customer buying habits and competitor a nearly bankrupt ‘one of the most successful 8 Their approach enables managers to understand interactions. parts of the organisation and to spot opportunities. productive collaboration, 9 Most staff members expressed interest participating. various training programmes. 10 Very often, its not just the sales staf that benefit ‘customer awareness training.UNIT2. = TRAINING Read the passage below about a company's view of mentoring. ‘+ Ineach of the spaces 1-10, one word has been removed ‘Write one suitable word for each space in the answer box below. OUR VIEW OF MENTORING An important element of developing our common future J the sharing of Knowledge and ving people the opportunity to learn from other. experience, ‘To support this approach we offer mentoring for the adapt more rapidly ~ and so be more effective in their new roles. eer! ten, mentors can learn something new about themselves und the organisation. Our view of mentoring is that the mentor, as experienced and respected individual, is able to reflect mutual benefit sour employees" personal bark constructively. on a mentees thoughts, ideas development andthe company Sarge. feelings, behaviours at sitions. that a ‘ the mentee gains perspective and is challenged in their way Forexanple.metringene poling marcos restr sins perpectve ma ee = asa global assignment —to get SUPPOCE —Gpporenity for both melee and mentor to Tearh and TOW. and guidance from someone who haa OPPorumity Sex beth mestocand be ne ‘revlousexperienee. This helpsour people ‘Answer box 1 is 5 8 2 6 9 3 7 10 a I Read the passage below about performance appraisal. + Inmost ofthe lines 1=14 there is one extra word which does not fit. Somelines, however, are correct. = faline is correct, put a tick (/) in the space provided. ‘© Ifthere is an extra word inthe tine, write that word in the space provided. For a performance appraisal to be an effective, the employee who is to be appraised should be given advance notice of the performance appraisal interview and be informed ofits purpose. In addition, itis useful to supply with an appraisal form to be completed and rerumed before the interview rakes place. This should allow the employee for rime to evaluate their performance as well as w identify any areas in which they would like cither additional support and taining, Another purpose of the appraisal form is w provide a structure forthe interview: Very often, the employee is asked to reflect and on their ob description to start off with and make the suggestions as to how it should be modified even if certain aspects of it are no longer appropriate, The employee is then invited to summarise their achievements and to comment on heir strengths and sweakmesses. Together with the supervisor, the employee can discuss about how to build on their strengths and! also agree on a plan or to address any weaknesses identified Finally, new objectives can be negotiated so as to enhance a motivation and ensure that the employee's work s geared towards the overall objectives of che company. 10 u 2 3 14 90... 3B UVES ONY LXdLNOILWISNNNOUd GNY STIS: UNIT2 => TRAINING 4 Write a report (200-250 words) to the Head of your HR Department. You recently attended an assertiveness training workshop arganised by the department. The Head of HR has asked you to write a short report about the training, In your report * describe what you liked about the workshop and what you found useful mention one point that you didnot tke and explain + describe one course or workshop you would like to attend inthe Future *+ explain how this course or workshop would be useful to you and to the company, Report on the Assortweness ‘Trarring workshop he aim of ths report is to ave my o Feedback on the tworday StaFF Trang & Development workshop I attended at our Headquarters on Réth and 27th January. _ ‘404 Listen to five different employees in a performance appraisal interview. Decide which of the supervisor's questions each employee is answering. © Write one leter (a-e) next to the number of the speaker. * Donot use any letter more than once. Speaker 1 4) Is your job description up to date? ‘Speaker 2 ¥ b) What have been your contributions, besides speaters achieving your target, since your last performance Speaker 4 appraisal? ©) Which of your previous appraisal objectives have Speakers you achieved? 4) Is there anything in your job that you have problems with? ©) Is there anything in your job you would say you could do better in the future? 404 Listen again and answer the questions. 1. Who has a very varied job? Speaker Who is not particularly happy with the way they organise their time? Speaker \Who is planning to do a training course? Speaker Who is sometimes unfairly criticised? Speaker... Who would not like to have to write an official report regularly? Speaker.UNIT2 >> TRAINING +405 Listen to how certain sounds are linked together in these sentences. 1. We all agree the previous course was.a lot easier. 2 The information.| get.is often out of date ‘When a word ends with a consonant saund and the word immediately after begins with a vowel sound, we usually ink those two words. 405 Listen again and practise the sentences. 406 Indicate where similar links could be made in these sentences. Then listen to check your answers. 1. Let's talk about it in more detall 2. Those courses are always intensive. 3. First of al, just analyse the company’s needs. 4 She's been acting as a coach for a company director. 5 Amentor is often someone who has a lot of experience. 406 Listen again and practise the sentences. 407 We often have to check and correct information. When there is a mistake or a misunderstanding, we can use stress to put it right. Listen to these examples. 1A: Sowe all meet again on the 30th. Is that right? B: Sorry, no, Qur next meeting is on the 23th. 2 As Cam just check the first name, olease? Is that FR-A-N-C--S? B: CES. FRANCES. Mrs Frances Potter 408 Underline the part which Speaker B will stress most to correct the misunderstandings in the following exchanges. Then listen to check your answers. 1. As Let me ust check that. Fist, the Leadership Skils course starts next Tuesday. Not quite. itstarts on Thursday. and if understood you correctly, the Leadership Skills course is fee of charge. Sorry, no, Its the Computer Skills course that’ free of charge Did you say the seminar room is onthe fist floor? No. its om the third floor, actually. ‘The number of participants has now increased to 25 To 291 And we're expecting even more. So you graduated from the University of Chester. Leicester actually. | graduated from the University of Leicester in 2008. »- and the freelance trainer is Jeremy Langford, LAN-G>.. Sorry, that's spelt LA-N-K-F-O-R-D. PROSPER SERRE 15 NOILVISNNNOYd ONY STIS:¥3MOd GYOM 16 Energy EY complete each set of sentences with the same word, 1. In india and China,.4emand....... for oils rising incredibly fast Instead of keeping huge numbers of books in stock, publishers now oferto print them Efficient project managers will always be in. 4¢mand, 2 Their proposal is definitely, considering. ‘The person at the head of Exxon Mobil must be fortune. With the dollar in dectine against the euro, profits in France and Germany were much more than those in the US. 3. Several companies have moved production to low: sites in Central and Eastern Europe. ‘We deliver all our goods to your doorstep at no extra Energy is probably the supermarket industry's number one operating. next to shelf tock. 4 The plant's production capacity will from eight to nine million tonnes next year. ‘Most western car manufacturers are hoping to -eslinto the new Chinese ‘consumer market, IF we want to ‘our business, we will need to borrow heavily. 5. Some countries have. in for alot of criticism for not signing the Kyoto accords. There were signs that nuclear energy would soon... back into favour. ‘Amore in-depth study would... Uup with some solutions. Match the words 1-6 with the words a-f to make compounds. 1 fuel-cell a) turbines 2. wind TNS technology 3 solar ©) enersies 4 carbon & panels 5 renewable ©) power 6 tidal 1) emissions ‘Complete the sentences with a compound from Exercise B. 1 Ineligent Energy has raised £20m to finance commercilisation of ts hydrogen fuel-cell, technology... which has been used to power motoryces, propelir area and domestic boilers. 2 Allcounties should have international targets for reducing “not just developing ones. 3. Bob Smith, Chief Executive of Pule Tidal, says the UK isa good place o develop : having long coastine that can boast some of the most powerful tidal streams inthe wort‘efficient promote speculate ! stable grow produce expand expect, industry credible dike sirong exele perform UNIT3 => ENERGY 4 Clipper Windpower, a California-based renewable energy group, will develop several offshore each capable of generating 7.5 megawatts of electricity 5 Aphotovoltaic installation typically includes an array of, + an inverter, batteries and interconnection wiring 6 Experts say that even though China is moving towards more al will remain 2s @ primary source of fuel forthe foreseeable future. Complete the sentences with the verbs from the box. Geny stile curb_wean_move 1 Some experts argue that politically-driven support for particular technologies will innovation. Planning to away quickly rom hydrocarbons is unrealistic, 3 MrLund does not ....ss:nnnsnthe science of climate change and says there is an ‘urgent’ need to respond tot. 4 Having been one ofthe first countries to impose a carbon tax, Nonway has really managed to. greenhouse gas emissions from its oll industry. Itprobably won't be easy t0.....0.1c.1.1.the world off oil and gas because hydrocarbons are the energy source that our entire civilisation is built on. Complete this text with words formed from the words given. When the Intemational Eneray Agency last week cautioned that hish oil prices could be here to stay and called for greater enerey . efficiency. * and the ? of altemative energy sources, its warning had a decidediy 1970s fee. The IEA believes this new rise in oil prices does not merely reflect trading activity and concems about im the Middle East but rather the fundamental balance of supply and demand. Rising global demand for oilhas been driven by trong economic Sinthe US and China, while limited capacity in sou! and sefining leaves the oil market vulnerable to shoeks and price surges. But, in contrast tothe experience ofthe 1970s, the impact of $50 a barrel oil on global ‘growth and inflation has been fairly limited. The rise in the il pice last year did damp growth but the * remains fairly healthy. While headline inflation rose last year, core inflationary pressures and, crucially. inflation remain ‘contained. Financial markets do net seem concerned that energy prices will spark higher inflation, ‘Adjusted for inflation, the oil price stands at only half the level of its 1970s peak Past efforts at increasing energy efficiency also make csc seen? ECONOMIES less vulnerable ton ol price surge. But another difference is the greater ant-inflation ofthe world’s leading central banks. The experience of as year has led to greater confidence that the 1970s provide a poor guide to events this year. In the US, last yeat’s concerns about the ! of economic expansion have faded. Weaker ® expansions in continental Europe and Japan ‘meanwhile, lave them more vulnerable tothe effect on growth of higher cil prices. But few economists see the impact of oil prices as the most important factor in explaining weak ¥ in these economies, which have struggled to promote domestic, demand-led growth, 17 4aMOd GHOMUVWWV89 ONY 1X3 UNITS 18 » ENERGY EE) the passage below Is part of an article about nuclear power. Complete it with a, an or the. Write @ where no article is necessary. Nuclear power, once the terget fof protests and demonstrations hhas been transformed into. the unexpected darling of some sections of the. !areen lobby : reason is simple: 2 miclear energy. offers + hope of producing power on . large seale without buming ® fossil fuels, That would solve what niany regard as 7 biggest threat * planet faces: : global warming, caused by a dramatic rise in level ‘of carbon dioxide $in0@ nn! Industrialisation ‘As people still want... benefits of industralisation and as developing countries pursue economic development, some experts depict * once-maligned nuclear industry as the best solution, ‘The muclear industry has itsel assisted this transformation, through © development fof new technologies designed to ‘make nuclear power safer and to deal with Jong-term problems such as the disposal of Publishing FINANCIAL TIMES EE inthe next part of the article, all six instances of the indefinite a been removed. Insert the missing articles where they belong. Mie eres eee ened Son he as any Mible, The apo coo) a Geesirrgog)) ics world $1,200 10 $100 per Klowat 19 ‘out as roughly twice what it costs to build gas-fired power station, However. proponents claim that over the life of nuclear plant it can generate energy at cost than that of conventional fossil: fuel power. 1 Publishing ‘build nuclear plant, which works comparable to or even cheaper ‘Match the sentence halves. 1 Afallin the gas price might deter people a) for petrol 2 All countries should have international targets, 3. In 2008, there was 155 billion dollars invested 4 People in developing countries have the same rights 5. Sclentists are looking for ways to reduce our dependence 6. The inescapable truth seems to be that we need a substitute 7 What could reduce urban air pollution dramatically is a switch ) forreducing carson emissions, not just developing ones. from fossil fuels to hydrogen. 4) from turning to renewable energy, ©) inclean energy worldwide. ®) onoit 8) to basic energy as we have.UNIT3 > ENERGY [Bd complete the article with suitable prepositions. Companies bow to pressure on CO, ‘More than 70 per cent of the FTSE should weleome the opportunity to Seo eompunes have grec help KROW MOTE ee eOmpanis inves see te impact they ik from elute change: ‘Nobody saree global imate change by AME? gener dsl cba the amount of carbon and tupac. ho sid, ing Alone hey pode. that the womb of companies “Te Carbon Dlosie gest, responding aovnw nf oer upporedty accion oF showed how the hue of cliate sperma investon wi more change was sng up the corpo Mee SoIOOHn eee? ames, agenda, Eventos could also bone seererecccrveompanyiatheindex by umderanding a company’s write sods biggest companies, ouput of greenhouse ges, which asking Te temation we coming rene? Casing bout thei output of greenhouse regulation in many parts of the sases, The companies were also world. Countries that have ratified ‘asked whether they considered the United Nations brokered Kyoto ‘climate change @ commercial risk protocol on climate change ~ the for an opportunity, and 10 outline treaty came force in the risks, 2005 — must reduce their emissions James Camefon, chairman of the of greenhouse gases such as carbon. CarbonDisclosureProjectsundedby dioxide, which cause climate a variety of charities, sad investors change. Businesses are expected to bear the brunt of these emissions cuts, as they Account eseeon? the bulk of emissions in most places. Tn the US, which has rejected the Kyoto treaty, some states have been. asking companies to reduce their greenhouse 98 OUIPUE ee!” ‘voluntary basis. Paul Dickinson coondinstor of the — Carbon Disclosure Project, said companies were likely to make a clean breast of their emissions in responding {o the project's questions. “They woulda’t want 10 ie rand their investors” Publishing FINANCIAL Tine Tl Read the passage betow about oil and militarisation. «+ Inmost ofthe ines 1-14 there is one extra word which does not fit. Some lines, however, ae correct. ‘© Ifalineis correet, put a tickin the space provide. + ifthere is an extra word in the line, write that word in the space provided. As Europe and the personnel to protect vulnerable ol installations is bound 9 increase. ecause in the olde industrialised countries have already used up most of their domestic cilreserves, most of the imported oll now comes fiom unstable countries in the developing 5 are becoming more dependent on imported oil the use of military would, where vast, untapped oil reserves can still be found there. Many of those courses ae ravaged by ethnic and religious confit, often aggravated by an inequitable a often erushed by the ruling elites, thus triggering a destructive spiral of violence. In addition too, as some of those emerging oil producers are former colonies, part of their 1 2 3 4 isibution of ol revenues, Tis inequality gies nse to an epposiion movements which | 5 ‘ 7 papultion sees the Wester tnvolement a a continuation of imperialism 8 ° Considering that cil is tthe reason for such involvement, oll pipelines and refineries re soon as any legitimate targets by belligerent groups. Inthe past 50 years, the West has 10 traditionally esponded to this challenge by using his military means to guarantee the a vonhinde red flow of ol. As both China and India are also building up their military 2 capably to contol over ol supplies fom the Middle East, itis obvious thatan altemaive 93 solution tothe problem of a security needs to be worked. shown that excessive miltarisation all too often leads to conflict. x imtemationally. History has 4 19 UVWWV49 ONY 1X3NOLLWIDNNNOUd ONY STIS: UNITS >» ENERGY HY complete the sentences with linkers from the box. iven however orderto thus despite eithowss unless 1 Although. there willbe abig increase in CO, emissions in nei, per capita emissions in developed countries wil tll be far higher than in India, 2. Garnex, the Belgian retailer, said it achieved a 3 per cent reduction in electricity usage last year from an annval energy budget of more than €5m,... increasing its shop floor area. 3. Observers say Indian companies’ aggressive bids in exploration auctions reflect a readiness to accept a lower rate of return than western companies... secure a strategic asset, 4 Peter Morgan, economist at HSBC in Tokyo, believes the indirect impact of slower slobal growth and lower demand for Japanese exports —is twice the direct impactin terms of reduction to GOP, 5 The world will son experience 2 severe energy crunch... ‘energy firms stop digging ever deeper Into existing reserves. .-the major 6 Today solar energy is one of the most popular altemative sources of energy. Ten years 20, + itas stil widely regarded as impractical. i the extent ofthe climate change crisis, we all need to learn a radically ‘new way of thinking. ‘Write a report (maximum 150 words) on the chart below. ©The bar chart below shows the levels of a country’s investment budgat for the development ofits rallvay and road infrastructure forthe perlod 2006-2010 (in milions of euros). * Use the information from the chart to summarise the changes in the transport infrastructure budget. 1,000 co Brats 00 [i roses 700 00 500 0 ao 200 100 | ° a - ve 20ers 2t0UNITS >» ENERGY 409 Listen and complete the notes below. + You will hear a consultant giving a talk toa group of business managers about saving energy in the workplace. * As you listen, complete the notes below using up to three words or a number. Saving energy in the workplace Lighting Switch off the lights if there is. Careless use of atiticial light costs companies ? every year Installing dimmers and motion sensors can be Heating Thils also covers two closely related areas, Le In company buildings, ‘ofthe energy consumed is used for space conditioning. If you want to extend the life of your equipment “is absolutely essential Itis worth spending money an programmable thermostats because they are Office equipment If you leave your office for more than ‘minutes, turn your computer off The computer monitor typically consumes Cf the total energy used by the system, Employees should be encouraged not to use the photocopier during Copiers often have automatic controls to reduce their power consumption during Such a copier can save you up to in electricity compared to standard models, Before you listen, think of how these phrases from de meetings could be completed. Disagreeing indirectly 1 mnotso .-lagree with you there. 2 | see things alittle... from you. Emphasising a point 35 think it's important to act quickly. 4 We can't afford to let the competition act Fist. 5 \know! keep on about ths, but it's our reputation that's at stake. ‘Avoiding making decisions 6 Let'snot any hasty decisions. 7 Lets ‘our options open 8 We should this though abit more. 9 min two about it really. 4) 10 Now listen and complete the phrases with the words you hear. 2 NOLLVIONNNOUd GNY STIDIS4YaMOd GUOM Marketing LEY complete the sentences with words and phrases from the box. [caaapnes cacaing, doortodear_ epallemalitas pores] telationsip management social media text messaging word-of-mouth 1 Many people say they don't mind.....R@P=¥P. adverts. ...on their favourite websites ifithelps to keep them free. Bulk advertising sent by post is known as. isa marketing method that consists in randomly phoning prospective customers. 4 Customer. refers to the systems and processes that companies use to interact with customers. 5 selling used to work well for some products and services, such as vacuum cleaners and encyclopedias, but it has now fallen out of favour with many people. 6 Flicking through is often considered a thing of the past as most people now want to consult websites. 7 Some people believe that marketing via YouTube, Facebook and ‘other social networking sites will soon replace print and television marketing. 8 The ever-growing number of mobile phone users has made ' popular way to market to customers. Deve referrals i a powerful form of marketing that costs nothing: your customers de the marketing for you. 10 Alot of people aren't happy to receive about special promotions as ‘they ust clutter up the Inbox. EEL complete each set of sentences with the same word. 1. Apparently, women control 72 per cent of purchasing and. spending in the US, Many retailers and goods companies acknowledge that women are in charge of shopping and household spending. Aglass is someone that companies can see through and know exactly how they behave and how they think. 2. Home Depot, the US hame improvement retailer, has a range of home products by a female designer, Home2u successfully re its marketing campaign. ur bank has. ‘a commercial insurance service for small businesses. 3 Itseems that consumer companies, stil predominantly. by men, need to listen more to female customers. Barclays put effort into communicating specifically with women. For example, they sponsor ‘Women In Business Awards' and marketing seminars. The company believes that the mave will save it money inthe lang.UNIT.» MARKETING 4 These coats look lke Armani, they fee ike Armani, but they a fraction of the price. With increased competition prices are pushed down, inviting more competitars such as supermarket low: home brands. Under Tritantie’s ownership, MW Brands increased profits by about 50 per cent, partly UC tO ane savings from closing factories in France. 5. Market research shows that young Hispanic customers are an important sroup. Some retail sectors which were considered traditionally ‘male’ are now beginning to female consumers What promotional events will you organise bearing in mind the market? ‘Match the words 1-6 with the words a-f to make compounds, EE om un far SD viral b) spending 2 3 mass share 4 market ) marketing 5. customer e) market 6 earings A) loyalty Complete the sentences with the compounds from Exercise C. 1. Retail sales growth has slowed and businesses fear that... consumer. sR 9¢i99.....will sufer this year as public sector jobs are cut and incomes squeezed. 2 The... with men is expected to narrow further as the number of women being educated grows at a greater rate than the number of men being educated. 3. Weesell these clothes to the in department stores. and to high earners in boutiques. ‘4 As women tend to be less influenced by ads, subtler ways of communicating such as word-of-mouth marketing and might work 5. Walmart introduced its MoneyCard largely to build. ‘among its primarily low-income core customers, many of whom lack bank accounts. 6 Chine now accounts for half of sales and all of operating profit, with a {two-thirds bigger than HP and Dell combined. Cross out the word in each group which does not normally make a compound with the noun in bold. 1 customer profile loyalty cote research 2 advertising campaign loan budget agency 3 marketing trade mix inteligence guru 4 market study venture research economy 5 product endorsement development line balance 6 price promotion account tag range 7 brand image name production awareness B consumer expense resistance goods behaviour 23 4YaMOd GYOMUVWINWED ONY LXaL UNIT +» MARKETING EE Read the first part of a book review. Cross out the two incorrect options each time. (@ means ‘no pronoun’) Can marketing save the world? ‘Wall, itcan certainly try. In fact, it had beter try, since people now invest more of their minds, dear and spirits in their commercial lives. ‘They also have heightened expectations of business and its potential to improve the world, according to Philip Kotler, the $.C. Johnson & Son Professor of International Marketing, hie / whose a’ 47th book, Markering 3.0: From Producis to Customers to she Human Spirit offers practitioners a framework for thriving inthis emerging environment Kotler’s book explores the changes that // who? are cultivating a more enlightened sort of marketing, one wit / that / whose' powers are being enlisted to help solve urgent problems. ‘Three forces — cheap computers and mobile phones, low-cost Internet secess and open-source software — are driving this shift, Kotler writes, and have fostered a “values-driven’, networked world in shar / whom / which? collaboration is easy and ubiquitous ‘This ‘new wave” technology aso presents opportunities for marketers to engage consumers as individuals whose /rhar / which* needs extend beyond mere material goods — and as actors, who // which? want a bigger say in how and what a company produces, to ensure better ‘outcomes for themselves und for society If "Marketing 1.0’ was a produet-focused enterprise born ofthe Industrial Revolution and “Marketing 2.0° was a customer-focused effort leveraging insights gained from information technology then, Kotler says, marketing’s latest incarnation must do even more. It must engage people in ways who / thar / whose” provide “solutions to their anxieties to make the globalised world a better place.” Practitioners must, as never before, understand and respond tothe values thar / © 1 who dive customer choice. TEI inthe second part of the book review, the four relative pronouns are missing, Insert them where necessary. And if, as Kotler argues, customers are the new brand ownets i's clear that their values will significantly influence those brands. Companies “get’the 3.0 model, he says, will integrate the right values into every aspect of their business and then market that mission to their audience, “The company wants o live outa set of values and these values give the company its personality and purpose’, Kotler says. Kotler even draws comparisons between Marketing 3.0 and the agenda outlined in the United Nations Millennium Development Goals of 2000, endorsed efforts to eradicate poverty and hunger, advance universal primary education and reduce child mortality. Profit will result when consumers appreciate a company’s efforts to improve human well-being — whether that is The Walt Disney Company working to address wellness issues facing children or S.C. Johnson & Son's positioning as a sustainable family business serves millions of people living on Tess than Sladay. Marketing 310 is selling hope along withthe soap, touching people’s hearts and minds. It's transformation, says Kotler, time has comeUNITS» MARKETING Complete these sentences u: 1g a relative clause with that. 1. (an expert designed their marketing campalgn.) Do you know the name of the expert... that designed... their marketing campaign? 2. (Gome products were withdrawn) Have we got a report on the produets..enensnn? 3. (Some people regard advertising as @ waste of money) People as awaste of money shouldn't be working for our agency. 4 (Aproduct launch was postponed) ‘The product launch may never actually take place. 5 (We have two receptionists. One is fluentin Chinese) 0 you know the one fluent in Chinese? 6 (Gome documents were left on my desk) ‘The documents ‘on my desk were marked ‘Confidential 7 (We launched an advertising campaign last month) The advertising campaign last month was very successful 8 (They ecalled some products) The products were a danger to public health 9 (We hired three consultants last year) Linda Steiner is one ofthe consultants lest year 410 (Tim left some documents on his desk) The documents ‘on his desk were all marked ‘Confidential. 41 (Marketing gurus write all sorts of things) Don't believe all the things write. 12 (I met someone at the Sales conference) ‘Someone. at the Sales conference gave me some excellent advice. Look at Exercise C. Indicate in which sentences that can be replaced with which, who and/or nothing (0). Sentences 1-6 (that as subject) Sentences 7— 12 (that as object) 1 nthe, 4 F 10 Z 5 8 u 3 6 9 2 Complete these sentences with when, where, whose or why. 11. Professor Amir Sherif? she the one... WhOSe.... book on marketing you recommended? 2 We could not think of any particular reason the campaign was 0 unsuccessful 3 Zoe Revell is probably the only presenter talks | always enjoy. 4 Turkey is definitely the place ‘we want to be soonerrather than later. 5 Do you remember the time. sns6d00-40-door salesmen used to invade your living room? 6 They are renovating the premises we work. 25 UVWWVSS ONY LXaLNOILVISNNNOUd ONY STIS: UNITS ++ MARKETING 26 Complete this extract from a presentation with the verbs from the box. ask credit cut decided Increase launched plan’ recognise sotinds start stopped _sum up 0, to go back to what | was saying earlier, one of aur objectives at Molrops Engineering was to reach a wider audience while atthe same time reduce aur advertising costs, That......£2¥Ad5..__* lke a bit ofa tall order, doesn't it? Maybe some of you are thinking, “You can’t have your cake and eat it? Well, what | Ptado inthe next part of my presentation is precisely that: explain how we managed to * our advertising expenses by 12 per cent over the past two years and, * sales by 5 per cent as a result af more effective marketing. Lets. * then with how we did it. As my grandmother used to say, the {good things in life come in threes, so there we go: networking, referrals, blogs. Three words which summarise the future of advertising. First, we * paying our local radio extortionate fees for 30-second commercials and instead got involved with social networking sites like Twitter and Facebook. | can't tell you exactly how many new customers this move has brought into our business but an honest answer is: a lot more than weld have dared to hope for two years ago. Secondly, we ? aword-of- mouth referral system with and for our employees: for each referral that an employee brings into our business, he or she gets a reward. This too has been working realy well so fa. And thirdly, we also started our own blog and this is an ongoing experiment which Is attracting more and more customers. Companies which doubt the effectiveness of blogs are probably those that think customers are naive and enjoy reading product-endorsing ‘comments day in day out. But we * fram the start that all comments on Cur blog would be genuine. We use our blog as a platform for communicating with our customers. That's what today's consumers want: dialogue, participation, trust. n fact, We can already. * qur blog with a sharp increase in revenues. But that’s only part of the story. We've also invited our customers to tell us about the projects theyre involved in, to tell us what would make their lfe and their work easier and all their ideas feed into the design and development of our neat generation of products. Let mejust.... * you one question before the key points: what could be more satisfying for consumers than to. * their inputin the products they buy? Look at the extract in Exercise A again. Prepare one PowerPoint slide with the key points. Remember the following points: tite ‘© font size and colour ‘© bullet points instead of full sentences. Use between 8 and 15 words.UNIT® => MARKETING 40 11 Listen to eight different presenters and decide which technique each one is using to make an impact. + Write one letter (a-f) next to the number of the speaker. * You will need to use some of the letters twice. Speaker 1 a) using repetition Speaker 2 i b) asking a ‘real’ or rhetorical question Speaker 3 ©) quoting someone Speaker 4 4) emphasising key wards or figures Speaker 5 @) building rapport with the audience Speaker 6. 1D calling for action Speaker 7. Speakers, 40 12 Listen to part of a presentation entitled New Technologies Are For Everyone. Then answer the questions. 1. Why are executives in their 30s and under at an advantage over alder anes? ‘What are the new market segments mentioned by the presenter? 2 3. What isa new way in which unhappy customers interact with their brands? 4 Why might employers need to implement guidelines for staff use of social media? 5 ‘Why do business schools have a vital role to play, according to the presenter? 40 12 Listen again and complete the sentences with the words you hear. 1. Onthe other hand, those in the 50s age group because they were exposed later in ther careers t learning new technologies, As a result, they may, opportunities, 3. Executives who don’t know how these mediums operate ssn: esst their clients’ feedback because they can't see it inthe frst place, 4 Nor could they employee use of social media, which could employees misusing those media and causing merketing damage. 5 Without an of the. ‘of social media channels and new technology as marketing tools and. . executives are ill-prepared for the 21st century, Circle the word in each group which has a different stress pattern. Then check your answers in the Key. Example: business channel ‘We say business and channel (stress on the first syllable) but design (stress on the secomd syllable). 1 guidelines reward feedback 2 decide manage respond 3 answer occur reduce 4 digital genuine effective 5 customer revenues consumer 6 referrals expenses company 40 13 Listen and practise saying the words. 27 NOLLVIDNNNOUd GN STISYaMOd GYOM eye Employment trends Complete the sentences with words from the box. absenteeism bonus eesuet migrant portfolio easonal security self-employed shift_ turnover 1 In summer, some students are employed as..... 454... workers by our local hospital 2 Apparently all EU states have declined to ratify the UN Convention on the Rights of Workers and their Families. Are you employed by a company or are you 7 4 incall centres, absence rates can be as high as 30 per cent and employee rates can be as high as 100 per cent. 5 Inmany countries, work is often available on farms and in orchards, vineyards and forests. 6 Itis often said that work can have a very damaging effect on your sleep patterns. 7 Most people want to be paid reasonably and tobe given some job and a degree of responsibilty for their work. 8 The most common causes of... {are reported as headaches and migraine, colds and flu, back prablems and stress. 9 Growing numbers of professionals are reinventing themselves by setting up as workers in @ new employment henomenon dubbed Giganomies, 10 Ifyou do not meet your performance targets, you will lose your EX complete the pairs of synonyms with items from the box. dismiss layoff leave select takeon terminate: 1 toend /..terminate...acontract 2 tofire/, an employee 3. torecruit/ staff 4 tomake staff redundant / 10... staff 5 tochoose / a candidate 6 toquit / one’s job ‘Match the words 1-8 with the words. 1 job 2. work-life b) package 3 attrition satisfaction 4 maternity d) security 5 redundancy ©) rates 6 human f) leave 7 job 8) resources 8 communication h) balanceunirs EMPLOYMENT TRENDS Complete the sentences with compounds from Exercise C. 11 Promotion opportunities, a friendly working atmosphere and flexible working hours are all factors which can affect. JB... Satisfaction 2. Itdoesn't matter how many hours you work: ifyou have worked continuously for the same employer for two years, you are entitled to have a when you ae laid oft 3. Despite high call centres in India are expected to continue to grow. “4 Most employers today are looking for people who can work across a wide varlety of, tasks within the workplace so 1 the ability to get on with ather people and work n a team, are particularly important, 5 High employee turnover is 2 huge challenge for managers, 6 Used to be a given, but today growing numbers of professionals are reinventing themselves by setting up as portfolio workers. 7 When my. oonsees WBS UD, My employers agreed to let me finish at 3 o'clock instead of 5 so I could spend more time with my baby. ‘8 Portfolio workers should be able to have a better. but the people who employ them often expect them to be on call 24/7. Complete each set of sentences with the same word. 1. The new regulations...2PPIly..1o all companies employing 150 people or more. fraudsters can use your personal details to..2PPIY..for credit cards, loans and other financial products She is planning to..2PPIY...fora fulltime job as a computer technician, 2 Ourconsultant helped us to resolve the conflict and 10... sosenseemutually beneficial relationships. The new manager's ambition sto. Up the company to be an industry leader. We wil ‘on ast year’s success and improve our earnings before interest anc tax by 15 per cent. 3. How can consultation exist when company directors may be thinking of substituting their permanent workforce with a cheaper ‘supply based overseas? [At the meeting, workers will vote whether to withdraw thelr orto continue working. The company is desperately trying to keep... costs down, 4 The manager soon s-sees feputation as an expert on conflict resolution. ‘She worked extremely hard but... only a meagre wage. While he was in Canada, he a living as a music teacher. 5. The British car industry had one of its most depressing years on The company was trying to ralse production to a level, The candidate should have a proven of excellent research or be able to demonstrate potential for such research. 6 Organisations are... ‘id of staff but they will buy back some of them on a portfolio basis. After had the baby it was. to be impossible to combine fulltime work with my family commitments. The wark was {00 stressful and started having trouble sleeping. 29 YaMOd GYOMUVWWVU9 ONY 1X3. UNITS: +» EMPLOYMENT TRENDS LEY complete the sentences with the -ing form or the infinitive of the verb in brackets. 1. When you area portfolio worker, your employers sometimes expect you.....t2. Pe. (be) on call at all times. 2. People who work fora varety of employers sometimes fin ithard (say) ‘not when they are asked to take on more work, 3 Alot of parents can't afford (ive up) (work) fulltime to look after their children, 4 Ifyou wish. (find) a job in Human Resources, you should consider (do) a course in communication skill to begin with. 5 eff seemed (be) suffering rom depression and was contemplating (hand in) his resignation. 6 Ife fal sss (meet) our performance targets, we risk (dose) the bonus. 7 \don't mind (do) bits and pieces for a while but | intend (go back) to full-time work as soon as | can, 8 Emoticons may seem silly to some but sometimes they realy help (express) the tone that you want. EE complete the text with some of the sentences a-h on page 31. You will only need six of the eight sentences. The puzzle of the lost women Sari Baldauf did it at Nokia, reduced hours or responsibility, nowholds prestigious aomexeeutive Brenda Bames at PepsiCo and for example. Nearly four in ten directorshipsat companies including Penny Hughes at Coca-Cola take a complete break from work Gap, Reuers and Vadafone averaging jst over two years. + Even highly ‘ey ae the headline-grabbing For companies that’ lose _quelfed womencanhave difficulty tipofanicsberg. Women graduates talented women, the survey finding & job commensurate with enter many companies end contains worrying news. None of theiskilsorgeting any work tall professional firms in nearly equal those who left jobs in business, _aftertakinga break, The US survey numbers to men but they drop out banking. or finance wanted to demonstrates unequivocally. that 48 they rise up the rans. How to retum to their former employer. these women donot lose interest in hold on to this talent and increase : their careers but they do lose out ‘women’s representation in senior ‘In career terms, stepping off financially E jobstas hecome aserious concer. the corporate. treadmill is no ‘This is partly because many Js discrimination to blame? bad thing for some high-fles. choose 1 return to more flexible * Or are women less Ms Bares rose to the top of work. Those who opt for reduced ambitious, less willing to play PepsiCo North America in her hours can end up being sidelined. pera ue cae eldmienig Gal ena Dicmeamaven cae ee a ae ae Adler eae a af 4S hee vate, WD legac Bem capes sal cages Part, as several new studies reveal. directorships. caine provided both are committed and ee ee ee Sarees vemes w) °7H eae WO Ca =e PA Nessa es ated naa FR Publishing ‘spending part of them in jobs with taking time out for her family, FINANCIAL TIMES 30a) b) a ® ° 0 ’ » UNITS +» EMPLOYMENT TRENDS: None of this means women are necessarily less effective leaders. ‘Those who take a break from business and finance forfeit on average 28 per cent of their earning power. In fact, the overriding factor in their decision to take a career break was not family, 2s people might assume, but lack of job satisfaction. 's corporate culture at fault by favouring the linear career oath traditionally taken bymen? Last month, she became chief executive of Sara Lee, the consumer goods company she joined only last year. All three women quit top jobs at the height oftheir careers to pursue outside interests and responsibilities. Equally, women must learn to manage their careers more effectively. But such cases are unusual. [Gl ead the passage below about job satisfaction. In most ofthe ines 1-15 there is one extra word which does not fit. Some lines, however, are correct, Ifa line is correct, puta tick in the space provided. IF there isan extra word inthe line, write that word in the space provided. According toa recent survey, most employees enjoy their work: Why then da so many Ines become sick of their jobs? The answer, according tothe same survey is that a poor 2 a ‘management often erodes in one oral of he three underlying factors that underpin job 3 satisfaction: achievement, fair of treatment and socal aoceptance among workmat 4 Sach apparently simple needs are not easy to fulfil. Too many managers have a 5 tendency wo wreck under the natural enthusiasm of employees for their work. Most 6 people enter in a new organisation and job with enthusiasm, eager to contribute, to fel 7 proud of their work and their organisstion, But perversely, many managers then appear 8 to do their best to demotivate employees. in order to enjoy in a sense of achievement, 9 ‘an employee not only needs many meaning and challenging work and pride in the 10 ‘company, but also recognition for ajob they well done. simple ‘thank you’ can Ah influence no perceptions that the work is valued. However only half of employees ia claim to have sufficient feedback and then if much of t tends to be negative. 3 Constructive feedback i all too rare, probably because giving elective feedback on an w ‘employee's performance is one of the tasks that managers find most dificult 15 3 UVWWVU9 ONY 1X3.NOLLWIDNNNOUd GNY STIDIS UNITS »> EMPLOYMENTTRENDS. TY match the sentence halves. 1 Despite not being paid particularly a) well, 2. There/is stilla large gender pay gap ») inthe UK, 3. Imspite of the sudden increase in o orders, 4 He had excellent communication d skills 5 Although he had been hited by the ° company time and again, 6 He was not even shortlisted for A interview 7 Eventhough she hadleft her career \ g) for only one year, 8 None ofthemwasawardedabonus ‘tonger_of noun contrast _ verb ‘+ Allthe linkers in bold in Exercise A are used to express ‘+ In spite of and despite are followed by a gerund ‘© Although and even though are followed by a subject + complement. + Despite is never followed by: * Even though means the same as although but expresses a although it has narrowed recently to about 36 per cent she incurred a heavy financial penalty when she returned to work. ‘even though they all had exceeded their sales targets. they never offered him a permanent contract. in spite of his excellent qualifications and considerable experience. ‘they did not take on more staff. she never considered looking for another job. despite his apparent shyness, Complete the information with words from the box. ‘ornoun phrase ora * contrast, Express the ideas in two different ways, using linkers from Exercise A. 1. Attrition rates are high. Cal centres are expected to grow. Even though attrition rates are high, call centres are expected fe.grow. Respite high attrition rates, call centres are expected to grow. complaints, Staff morale is relatively good. They have to deal witha lot of abusive calls, He had been promised promotion. He decided to hand in his notice. Working conditions were appalling. Employee loyalty was good, The company has a formal grievance procedure, Staff hardly ever voice theit 6 They were both quite lexible. They faile¢ to find a mutually acceptable solution. Tip Whether you write a report a letter or an e-mail, variety of sentence structure is one of the factors that make your writing more interesting and effective, 32130 120 15 10 105 5 “2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 UNITS +» EMPLOYMENT TRENDS write a report (maximum 200 words) on the graphs below. ‘The graphs illustrate employment trends in the manufacturing and service industry in. a country and its capital city. Using the information from the graphs, write a report describing the general movements of employment levels in the period 2004-2010, ‘Manufacturing industry 2006-2010 — Capital ety = County 130 ‘Service industry 2004-2010 125 120 15 110 108 100 95 0 — canta ot 85 ‘ aun 80 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 TE 4014 Look at the graphs in Exercise D and listen to a presenter describing them. How many errors can you spot in the presentation? EE Circte the word check your answers in the Key. Example 4915 Listen and check your answers. 1 permanent 2 3 4 seasonal each group which has a different stress pattern. Then, employment temporary We say seasonal and temporary (stress on the frst syllable) but emptoyment (stress (on the second slab). attrition security location flexible promotion economy company abusive atmosphere motivation loyalty 40 16 Listen and practise saying the words. 33 NOLLVIDNNNOUd GNY STIS:4aMOd GYOM Ethics LEX complete the definitions with words from the box. ‘accountability Faivtrade fraudulent nepotism sustainability | supply chain stakeholders wrongdoing whistleblower 1 fairtrade......is2 trading partnership based on dialogue, transparency and respect that seeks greater equity in international trade. 2 is the fact of being responsible for one’s actions and ready to explain them if required. 3 ....methods or actions intend to deceive people, often in arder to gain ‘money illegally 4 is the quality of being strong enough to continue existing or happening for a long time, 5A is someone who informs the public that the company they work For has engaged in illegal practices. 6 TH oro is the series of people or organisations that are involved in passing products from the manufacturers to the public 7 The are the people who are considered to be an important part of, ‘an organisation or society because they have responsibility within it and receive advantages from it. 8 is the practice of giving jobs to members of your family when you are ln position of power. 9 is illegal orimmoral behaviour, LE complete the sentences with words from Exercise A. 1 There is increasing demand for chocolate that is produced and sola through agreements, particularly in Europe. 2 reports are standard practice nowadays but a business can always find ways to hide illegal activities. People who make surance claims are liable to prosecution, 4 The manager choosing his nephew as deputy was a clear case of, About a decade ago, «that is to say people who have an interest in how companies are run, started talking about corporate responsibility, Write the opposite of the following adjectives. 1 fair vofair... 2 legal 3. moral 4 honest 5 convincing 6 responsible 7 ethical 8 prudent 9 accountable 4 0 airectsure effect employ suide judge Investigate discipline /violate relate accept press comply grow units = evHics Complete the word(s) in each sentence by writing in the mis: Each word is a compound or derivative of the word law. g letters. 1 She filed a |_ws_itagainst her former employer. 2 Itseemsal_g t-m_t expectation to know where your bank invests your money. 3. Although the money had been collected _|_g IL, the committee Lg | and used them to pay off debts. Itturned out thatthe chemical had been L_wf_IL produced in a European country. In Britain, a barrister is @ Lwy_r wha can argue cases in the higher courts of law. 6 Some people argue that nothing can L_g_t_m_s_the use of children in advertising. sd the funds Complete this text with words formed from the words given. In March 2005, the sacking of Boeing's chief executive over an office affair raised many questions, not least whether it heralded a new era of corporate policing of executives’ personal morals. Could snooping on workplace laisons become part ofthe job ofthe ethics officer, whose role isto... 9S... that a company’s code of conduct is understood and followed by every member of staff? “The dynamics of taking on a police function would fundamentally change the ? of the ethics officer” says Ms Gretchen Winter, an expert on professional responsibilty“ think ‘might be less willing to come forward. The role oF 2 neutral party to whom they can come for ‘might be compromised. ‘The ethics officer’ job was thrown into sharp relief by the Boeing affair, in which the chief executive was ousted for behaviour that the company decided had ‘reflected poorly’ on his. 2 Ms Winter says the case provoked hot debate about where the line should be drawn, ‘Some ethics officers used the Boeing case to talk about the. * process, theirrelationship with boards, who the decision-makers are and how you handle issues of judgement versus violations of your cade ~ or are they one and the same?’ she says. "What it did was illustrate the type of situation that ethics officers are called on to deal ‘with every day ~ what kind of investigative process do you use, how do you determine appropriate action if you find a *, and who should be disciplined?” The ethics officer draws up standards, provides a safe condult for whistleblowers, investigates allegations and presents findings to a ‘decision-maker’ ~ typically the manager of the individual being investigated, she says. Ms Winter points out that there are CEOs who have hed ? at work and have temained in office. It's not the ethics officers role to determine whether that behaviour is * or not,’ she insists. “That responsibilty belongs to whoever employs the individual.” The case came at atime when ** was mounting on companies to take ethics more seriously ~ and on the professionals charged with ensuring Why, given the rapic inthe number of ethies officers, are ethical lapses still so Frequent in companies? Its partly that the ethics profession is young and also that its far harder to change behaviour than simply to write and publish a code of conduct, Ms Winter replies, 35 waMOd GYOMUVWWVU9 ONY LXdL unirs ETHICS LEY complete the sentences with the most appropriate modal verbs (positive or negative). An explanation is given in brackets. 1 Only Peter or Sandra could have found this highly classified report. t....¢@a-F. have been Peter because he was on paternity leave. (impossibility) So it have been Sandra. (logical conclusion) 2. Why did you ring in sick? You werent il You have rungiin sick. (criticism) 3. One of our suppliers gave me a Rolex. | have declined such an expensive present, Now my colleagues think I take bribes. (regret) 4 normally have accepted a post with a company that has such a poor environmental record but atthe time badly needed a job. (if! hadn't needed a job...) 5 You have gone to Martin Weil's presentation on corporate responsibility. It was brilliant! Why werer't you there? (it was recommended) 6 What a pity you got up so early! We are not starting until 10.30. You have got up so early (it wasn’t necessary) 7. ‘Andrew didn’t even say “hello” at the conference yesterday. “Well, he have seen you.’ (there's a possibility that he didn’t see you) & Why aren't they here yet? They have arrived hours ago. (something expected didn’t happen) El choose the best way to complete the exchanges below. 1A: Imreally disappointed that you didn’t report those iregularies sooner 8: Well, when do you think .....& have reported them? a) must 8) may) should 2. A: Ican'tfind Liz anywhere. Her coat’s still here, so she have left the office early. a) must ») can't) mould 3. Ar The boss was furious. Next time | won't say anything. Yeah, | think that's best. You have lost your job! a) might b) can must 4 Az The report is very positive agree. But on some criteria, ike ‘product information’, we. hhave done better. a) would b) could) mightnot 5A Last spring, they made 150 workers redundant. know. I... have been a very dificult period for the automobile industry. a) must b) should =) can 6 A: Where's Laurent? I don't know. His PCs off, so he.. hhave gone home early today, a) would b) shouldnt c) might 36UNITE +> ETHICS Complete the second sentence in each pair so that it has approximately the same meaning as the first sentence. Use between two and five words, including the word given. 41 The pubicoften ask companies natto hide theirstance on environmentalissues. (reveal) Companies are. often requested te. reveal. their stance on environmental 2. CEOs may sound very enthuslastic in their reports but you should always insist on hard evidence. (how) No. (CEOs may sound in their reports, you should always insist on hard evidence. 3. Ifwe do not set up a corporate responsibility team, shareholders may lose confidence Inourapproach. (unless) ‘Shareholders may lose confidence in our approach. a corporate responsibilty team. 4 Our company’s safety records substantially better than our competitors. (nearly) Our competitors’ safety record is. ours. 5. Wemade a bad mistake when we said our suppliers were responsible for the delay in production. (blame) Iwas wrong of us the delay in production, 6 Ourorganisation has made every effort to get rd of age and gender discrimination. (stamp) ur organisation has made every effort age and gender discrimination. 7 Fthe CEO had not admitted wrongdoing atthe last minute, our manager would have comeundersuspicion. (admitting) Bia iacucrss sssnnanseeeesnetongdoing atthe last minute, our manager would have come under suspicion. 8 One of the directors pointed out to the board a number of inconsistencies in the a number of inconsistencies in the report. 9 Myboss was too impatient to read the report ta the end. (that) My boss was: i ose ROLead the report t0 the end, 10 I think it would be a good idea if we listened more to what anti-globalisation movements have to say. (suggest) 1 listen more to what anti alobalisation movements have to say. 11 We are really excited about the conference. (forward) We the conference. 37 YVWWVd9 ONV 1X3.NOLLVIINNNOUd ONY STIDIS UNIT6 +» ETHICS Write a report (200-250 words) to your Managing Director. You work fora new international organisation which is expanding rapidly. Your Managing Director has asked you to comment on the desirability af a Code of Conduct for all the staffin the future, Write 2 report in which you ‘+ explain the usefulness / necessity of such a Code of Conduct ‘+ explain how it would benefit both the organisation and its staff + outline possible areas of content. Report on Future Code oF Conduct ms Stdla Hubert, Managing Dractor oF our Barin office, has requested this report on th desrablity oF a Code of Conduct For all cur The aim “ - 4) 17 Listen to eight different people chairing meetings and decide what each one is doing. * Write one letter (a-f) next to the number af the speaker. * You will have to use some letters twice. Speaker1 a) opening the meeting Speaker 2 b) stating the purpose of the meeting Speaker 3 ©) asking for clarification Speaker 4. @) calling ona speaker Speakers ©) Interrupting aspesker Speaker 6 7 f) summarising decisions taken Speaker? Speakers.UNIre ++ eruics ‘40 18 Listen to part of a radio interview with Goran Tielsen about socially responsible investment. Choose the best option, a), b), or c), to complete these sentences. 1 Socially responsible investors 42) invest some of their money in environmental agencies and social institutions. b)__make society generally more responsible. ©) expect the companies they invest in to share the same moral values. 2. The Forum for Socially Responsible Investment is made up essentially of. a) forward-looking businesses, b) old age pensioners who want a better pension scheme. people who pay money into a pension fund or a bank account. 3. Amajority of pension funds were found .. a) to be to some extent ethical investors. b) to invest some oftheir money in arms-exporting companies. 0) tohave a tobacco company in their portfolio, 4 The forum sometimes encourages its members to 2) try and influence the activities of certain pension funds. b) boycott unethical high street banks and pension funds. ©) stop investing in the tobacco and arms indus 5 The forum is particularly proud of having 4) introduced the concept of ethical banking b)__made the idea of ethical banking very popular. ©). done extensive research on ethical banks. 6 On the basis of the forum’s recommendations, a number af banks a) took steps to modify thelr lending policies. b) started investing more in environmental projects. ©) lst their reputation as ethical investors. 7 The Third World debt has been @) completely written offby high street banks everywhere, b)_ in large part transferred to official creditors ©) atthe centre of a crisis since 1980. 8 Some countries might have improved their human rights record more quickly if. a) investors had boycotted them more effectively. b) more foreign companies had invested there. ©) fewer companies had tacitly supported repression, ‘41 19 Listen to how these modal perfects are pronounced. Then listen again and practise saying the sentences. 1 Iteould've been worse. Ikudov/ 2. He must've been delayed. smastov/ 3. She can’t have lostit. kazntov/ 4 They wouldn't have done it. /'wudantav/ 5 | might've hit him! P'maitov/ 6 You should've told me. Modov/ 39 NOLLWIDNNNOUd GNY STISYaMOd GUOM Finance Complete each sentence with the best word. Use a good dictionary to help you if necessary. 1A a bank supports projects which deliver a positive impact socially and environmentally. a) sustainable b) convertible) renewable 2. Business activities that take place unofficially, especially in order to avoid paying tax, constitute what we call the economy, a) grey b) white ©) biack 3. Continuing strong sales and earnings gains enabied the company to increase its shareholders total on investment. 2) dividend) return ©) bonus 4 Lastyear, nn debts caused by the recession wiped out the bank's operating prof, a) bad 8) gross © peak 5 Customers began withdrawing deposits, causing difcuties forthe. ofthe bank 2) liquidity) transparency ©) credibility 6 The company eventually went «leaving debts of £9 million. a) crash 6) bust curtain 7. Are you interested in taking an active role in the business or would you rather be a partner? a) rampant). gray sleeping 8 The global crisis has clearly let many bank customers financaly. 2) prevented —b). exposed suspected 9 Incredible though it may seem, banks have no systems in place for managing their own cash % a) debit 4) flow subsidy 20 The money will be into your account onthe 25th ofthe month. a) deposited —b)_versed 0. reckoned 1A The Pakistani government has welcomed the approval of $500m free loan from the World Bank's international Development Association. a) charge b) rate ©) interest 12 Dividends are paid t leach year if adequate profits are made. a) customers b) debtors shareholders 13 The value of a company's shares is called a) equity b) dividend) holding 14 The interest fon the loan was 15 per cent. a) fee b) rate charge 15 We want to find a partner who will take a in our business, a) tisk b) stake ©) shareUNIT7 >> FINANCE EEL Match the verbs 1-7 with the nouns ag to make common collocations. 1 to open: a) anew client 2 toso b)_ outside the box 3. totake on ©) one's portfolio 4 todiversify é) an account 5 tospread @) bankrupt 6 to think f) a press statement 7 toissue 8) arisk Match the words 1-8 with the words a-h to make compounds. 4 venture a) account 2. savings ») fund 3 debt ©) evasion 4 bridging @ funding 5 overdraft @) angel 6 tx 1) oan 7 pension 8) facilities 8 business hy capitalist Complete the sentences with compounds from Exercise C. 1 a.venture innovative projects. capitalist. isa speculator who makes money available for 2A Is just for a short period of time while longer-term financing is arranged. 3 He pleaded guilty to charges of bank fraud and 4 Interms of return, as a provider of. s the return for us is merely the interest that we are paid on the loan, 5 Itseems that most bank customers’ use of. unintentional in nature, 6A is a private investor who finances very small or start-up companies and may provide them with the benefit of his or her expertise. 7 Alarge numberof which invest a certain percentage ethically may still have in their main portfolio a tobacco or an arms-exporting company. 8 Theaverage. pays interest of less than 1 per cent and vvery few accounts offer a real return to savers after inflation and tax, GA complete this extract from a newspaper article with the words from the box. advisers consumers erosion eapenses proportion savings Almost a third of UK adults are falling back on their savings and investments to supplement their Research published by Schroders has revealed. that 31 er cent of Britons spent an average of £4,600 over the last 12 months to “top up" their living SAPENEEE ‘A poll by Moneysupermarket com. the comparison website, also found that over half of seveeeneseee’ Said they ave dipped into their ? Pots, “The amount of capital being drawn down suggests that not just rainy day funds that are being drained but a significant of individuals’ long-term savings,’ said Rabin Stoakley of Schroders UK Intermediary Business. “The findings reveal that 53 per cent of financial 2 capital 12 months iu Publishing a YaMOd GYOM